151:
113:
289:
168:
390:
The identification of Tu’am with Al Ain and
Buraimi was reproduced uncritically by British colonialists and Arab nationalists in the 1960s and ‘70s, which coincided with the creation of the United Arab Emirates. The result was a roundabout and hospital in Al Ain named after Tu’am, an attempt to give
366:
of Oman and an Arab sphere of influence in the interior with its capital at a place called Tawam. In that he deals with the events of 893/94, in which there is a dispute amongst different local factions about who should rule in Oman. One of these factions approaches the
348:
in the 10th century. However, contemporary archaeological and archival research has strongly identified Tu'am with Thomas the
Apostle, particularly after the recent archaeological work carried out at Siniyah by Timothy Power, an archaeologist and professor based in
470:
306:
Al-Ain is the main settlement in the
Eastern Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, located on the country's eastern border with Oman, where the adjacent town of Al-Buraimi is located. The region is located to the west of the
605:
Being strategically located near the
Western Hajar, the area was an important stop for people and caravans traveling between the mountains and other parts of Arabia, such as Al-Hasa. Not only was the area, being rich in
357:
In the mid-19th century, an Omani scholar, Salil ibn Raziq, basically said that
Buraimi used to be called Tawam. People picked up on that but have never critically examined the earlier sources. Al Tabari writes of a
112:
554:, the region, with its capital at 'Tawam', was an important sphere of influence for Arabs. Ceramics and other materials found here were believed to have been imported from
984:
474:
979:
837:
794:
587:
257:), by historians working from documentary sources available in the 1950s and 60s, Tu'am is now thought to refer to the Christian patriachate of
466:
962:
930:
900:
874:
768:
725:
649:
462:
327:, which was probably part of this region, as well as the major pearling town and early religious site now being uncovered at Siniyah.
998:
371:
for outside assistance. The faction who do this are called the Bani Sama and they are based in
Buraimi before they base themselves in
1040:
280:
on the UAE-Omani border, with the former in the UAE and the latter in Oman, and with
Siniyah on the Western seaboard of the UAE.
1070:
980:
https://www.thenationalnews.com/opinion/comment/2024/06/21/a-curiously-named-lost-city-has-deep-significance-for-the-uae/
610:, important for trade, but it was also used by certain people for smuggling slaves, women or children, years before the
678:
583:
492:
144:
422:, both in the direction of the Hajar, are close to the sea ... Tuwwam has been dominated by a branch of the
308:
222:
247:
195:
132:
89:
69:
42:
499:
times, the region was reportedly used by Arabs as a place of gathering, and like Dibba, it was taxed by
669:
639:
638:
Janet L. Abu-Lughod (2007). "Buraimi and Al-Ain". In Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.).
591:
611:
500:
230:
156:
952:
920:
570:, located to the east of this region, was of such prominence as a trading port on the coast of the
35:
547:
532:
496:
478:
258:
1032:
922:
Honour is in
Contentment: Life Before Oil in Ras Al-Khaimah (UAE) and Some Neighbouring Regions
1046:
1036:
958:
926:
896:
870:
862:
764:
721:
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645:
540:
536:
368:
363:
890:
1024:
756:
528:
324:
316:
504:
458:
450:
446:
337:
238:
186:
80:
60:
524:
508:
262:
218:
288:
1064:
1025:
838:"How the excavation of Tu'am will help fill in the holes of our historical knowledge"
488:
407:
266:
336:(water channels) in the Buraimi region, as identified from the works of people like
571:
454:
312:
299:
226:
125:
41:
This article is about a historical region in
Eastern Arabia. For other uses, see
599:
555:
551:
330:
The word 'Tawam' means 'twins' in Arabic, and was thought to refer to a pair of
117:
484:
471:
List of cultural property of national significance in the United Arab
Emirates
432:
345:
277:
161:
17:
1050:
607:
579:
403:
350:
341:
795:"The long read: has a lost Arab capital been found on the Oman-UAE border?"
376:
320:
817:
512:
423:
353:
who helped to found the Buraimi Oasis Landscape Archaeology Project.
641:
Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia
517:
419:
273:
121:
1023:
Potts, Daniel T.; Nābūdah, Ḥasan Muḥammad; Hellyer, Peter (2003).
825:. United Arab Emirates: Emirati National Archives. pp. 35–37.
717:
Keepers of the Golden Shore: A History of the United Arab Emirates
575:
567:
563:
559:
415:
372:
332:
294:
287:
214:
411:
359:
234:
173:
129:
31:
925:. Berlin, New York City: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 130–324.
914:
912:
261:
and the location of the principal city and pearling centre on
319:
Desert. On the coast of the Arabian or Persian Gulf lies
999:"Al Ain bears evidence of a culture's ability to adapt"
895:. Oxford Business Group. 9 May 2016. pp. 14–16.
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
495:
and Jebel Hafeet, have been found in this region. In
763:. Abingdon, New York City: Routledge. pp. 1–8.
252:
200:
94:
74:
671:
The Political Thought of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
633:
631:
629:
627:
140:
55:
946:
944:
942:
869:. Oxford Business Group. 2010. pp. 171–176.
598:, a group of houses, and a village dating to the
586:in the country, was found in the vicinity of the
221:that stretched from, or was located between, the
919:Lancaster, Fidelity; Lancaster, William (2011).
663:
661:
400:
388:
355:
527:, the region witnessed events relevant to the
379:and assume the leadership of the whole region.
237:. Although associated with the Buraimi Oasis (
957:. London: Trident Press Ltd. pp. 60–86.
677:(Thesis). Durham University. pp. 43–44.
8:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
582:of its day". A mosque, considered to be the
475:List of oldest continuously inhabited cities
954:The United Arab Emirates, A New Perspective
750:
748:
746:
744:
406:trees; it lies in the direction of Hajar {
52:
714:Morton, Michael Quentin (15 April 2016).
516:(military governor), who was based at Al-
27:Historical oasis region in Eastern Arabia
816:El Reyes, Abdulla, ed. (December 2014).
761:Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate
755:Allen, Calvin H. Jr. (5 February 2016).
720:(1st ed.). London: Reaktion Books.
272:It is marked by the twin settlements of
1027:Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
983:was invoked but never defined (see the
623:
139:
109:
951:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter (2001).
467:List of Ancient Settlements in the UAE
302:, one of a number found in this region
819:Liwa Journal of the National Archives
483:Archaeological remains dating to the
229:coast, nowadays forming parts of the
7:
684:from the original on 5 February 2017
269:on the Western seaboard of the UAE.
976:
463:History of the United Arab Emirates
242:
190:
84:
64:
1031:. London: Trident Press. pp.
997:Salama, Samir (30 December 2011).
574:that it was considered to be the "
25:
259:St Thomas the Apostle of the East
977:Cite error: The named reference
166:
149:
111:
793:Leech, Nick (22 October 2015).
1:
668:Al-Hosani, Hamad Ali (2012).
644:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 99–100.
391:deep roots to the new nation.
315:, and in the vicinity of the
410:}, and the mosque is in the
128:, which is partially in the
836:Power, Tim (21 June 2024).
523:Like Dibba and present-day
253:
201:
95:
75:
1087:
503:, who were clients of the
444:
402:Hafit {Tuwwam} abounds in
362:sphere of influence along
40:
29:
892:The Report Abu Dhabi 2016
867:The Report Abu Dhabi 2010
133:Governorate of Al-Buraimi
110:
59:
30:Not to be confused with
309:Western Hajar Mountains
284:Etymology and geography
223:Western Hajar Mountains
507:, who reported to the
441:History and prehistory
438:
399:
387:
375:, call themselves the
303:
43:Tawam (disambiguation)
1071:Tawam, Eastern Arabia
612:foundation of the UAE
588:Sheikh Khalifa Mosque
520:in what is now Oman.
340:in the 19th century,
291:
757:"1: Land and People"
487:and beyond, like at
231:United Arab Emirates
157:United Arab Emirates
243:وَاحَة ٱلْبُرَيْمِي
135:, in the background
85:وَاحَة ٱلْبُرَيْمِي
36:Republic of Ireland
548:Islamic Golden Age
479:Umm al-Nar culture
431:Al-Muqaddasi, 985
304:
213:, is a historical
964:978-1-900724-47-0
932:978-3-1102-2339-2
902:978-1-9100-6858-8
876:978-1-9070-6521-7
770:978-1-3172-9164-0
727:978-1-7802-3580-6
651:978-1-5760-7919-5
602:or 10th century.
364:the Batinah plain
251:
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73:
16:(Redirected from
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592:Walid Al Tikriti
590:in Al-Ain by Dr
566:. At this time,
529:history of Islam
436:
397:
385:
325:Emirate of Dubai
256:
254:Wāḥat Al-Buraymī
246:
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105:Al-Buraimi Oasis
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96:Wāḥat Al-Buraymī
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34:, a town in the
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459:History of Oman
451:Buraimi Dispute
447:Bidaa Bint Saud
443:
437:
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396:Timothy Power,
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377:Wajihid Dynasty
338:Salil ibn Raziq
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797:. The National
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525:Ras Al Khaimah
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384:Timothy Power.
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263:Siniyah island
219:Eastern Arabia
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317:Rub' al-Khali
314:
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275:
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268:
267:Umm Al Quwain
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44:
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33:
19:
18:Buraimi Oasis
1026:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
992:
973:
953:
921:
891:
885:
866:
857:
845:. Retrieved
842:The National
841:
831:
818:
811:
799:. Retrieved
760:
731:. Retrieved
716:
686:. Retrieved
675:(PhD Thesis)
670:
640:
604:
595:
594:, besides a
572:Gulf of Oman
545:
522:
511:
482:
455:Hafit period
401:
389:
356:
346:Al-Muqaddasi
331:
329:
313:Gulf of Oman
305:
300:Al Ain Oasis
293:
271:
233:and western
227:Persian Gulf
210:
206:
182:
181:
126:Jebel Hafeet
124:(UAE), with
47:
556:Mesopotamia
552:Middle Ages
546:Around the
531:during the
489:Al-Rumailah
118:Mezyad Fort
801:20 January
733:8 November
618:References
608:date palms
501:Al-Julanda
485:Bronze Age
445:See also:
278:Al-Buraimi
265:in modern
217:region in
162:Al-Buraimi
1003:Gulf News
985:help page
580:Singapore
505:Sasanians
351:Abu Dhabi
342:Al-Tabari
248:romanized
196:romanized
90:romanized
70:romanized
1065:Category
1051:54405078
1008:7 August
863:"Al Ain"
688:15 April
679:Archived
533:Rashidun
429:—
394:—
382:—
369:Abbasids
321:Jumeirah
311:and the
205:), also
141:Boroughs
847:22 June
550:in the
541:Abbasid
537:Umayyad
513:marzban
509:Persian
497:ancient
424:Quraysh
412:markets
408:Al Hasa
360:Persian
323:in the
250::
225:to the
198::
101:Tuwwam
92::
72::
1049:
1039:
1035:–177.
961:
929:
899:
873:
767:
724:
648:
584:oldest
543:eras.
518:Rustaq
477:, and
420:Julfar
274:Al Ain
239:Arabic
207:Tuwwam
191:تَوَام
187:Arabic
171:
154:
145:Al-Ain
122:Al Ain
103:Tu'am
81:Arabic
65:تَوَام
61:Arabic
823:(PDF)
682:(PDF)
596:falaj
576:Dubai
568:Sohar
564:China
560:India
416:Dibba
373:Sohar
333:alfaj
295:falaj
215:oasis
211:Tu'am
209:, or
202:Tawām
183:Tawam
130:Omani
76:Tawām
57:Tawam
50:Place
1047:OCLC
1037:ISBN
1010:2018
959:ISBN
927:ISBN
897:ISBN
871:ISBN
849:2024
803:2019
765:ISBN
735:2016
722:ISBN
690:2016
646:ISBN
562:and
539:and
493:Hili
418:and
414:...
404:palm
344:and
276:and
235:Oman
174:Oman
32:Tuam
1033:174
600:9th
578:or
426:...
298:at
120:in
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1001:.
987:).
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911:^
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840:.
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465:,
461:,
457:,
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449:,
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292:A
245:,
241::
193:,
189::
159:)
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83::
67:,
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1053:.
1012:.
967:.
935:.
905:.
879:.
851:.
805:.
773:.
737:.
692:.
654:.
435:.
185:(
176:)
164:(
147:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
