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39:
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381:
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480:; to the south and to the west, reducing potential impact on recreational sailing activities and on certain species of sea bird, and due to potential conflicts with ship anchoring sites; also reducing the visual impact from land. In April 2010 the Crown Estate awarded an area of 40 km (15 sq mi) for lease.
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Initial expectations were for construction to start in early 2015, and be complete by early 2017, subject to final specifications; neither foundation nor turbine type was specified, an offshore substation to step up the inter turbine voltage (either 33 or 66 kV) to an export voltage of either 132 or
2222:
891:
EDF Energies
Nouvelles' offshore ambitions are closer to fruition in Britain, where work should start next year on the 90 MW Burbo Offshore plant in Liverpool Bay. The project is being developed by Seascape Energy Ltd, owned jointly by EDF Energies Nouvelles and Danish electricity company Elsam,
483:
Water depths in the area are between 6 and 13 metres (20 and 43 ft). The sea bed consisted primarily of sand. The underlying geology is sand overlaying clay overlaying mudstone. Samples within the turbine area showed sand followed by clay down to around 30m before weak mudstone was found.
348:
coastline) was selected due to shallow water depths (0.5 to 8m at low tide), high wind speeds ~7 m/s (23 ft/s), and a generally favourable location including proximity to an electrical grid connection. Initial expectations were for a 30 × 3 MW turbine wind farm, with
2307:
2249:
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was the preferred model for the development, and made preliminary agreements to buy 32 units in August 2014. The order for 32 turbines was confirmed in
December 2014, the first series production of the type. The nacelles are to be produced at the former
427:
The facility began generating power in July 2007, and the wind farm was officially inaugurated on 18 October 2007, and the facility was commercially operational by the end of 2007; the capital cost of developing the wind farm was €181 million. Its
471:
identified Burbo Bank as a potential site and began consultation on a ~90 km (35 sq mi) extension westwards of the original wind farm. Between 2009 and 2010 the area of the site was reduced to the north increase clearance from the
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on a site of approximately 10 km (3.9 sq mi). An electrical connection to the mainland grid was to be made by a seabed cable running southeast to Wirral, followed by a ~3.5 km underground cable to a substation at
2260:
3164:
1210:
1568:
State aid SA.38758 (2014/N), SA.38759 (2014/N), SA.38761 (2014/N), SA.38763 (2014/N) & SA.38812 (2014/N) – United
Kingdom - Support for five Offshore Wind Farms: Walney, Dudgeon, Hornsea, Burbo Bank and
419:
The contractor for the substation was EDF Energy
Contracting, cable installation was by McNicholas Construction Services Ltd. (onshore) and Submarine Cable & Pipe (offshore), with cables supplied by
2201:
1631:
1041:
2005:
Aldersey-Williams, John; Broadbent, Ian; Strachan, Peter (2019). "Better estimates of LCOE from audited accounts – A new methodology with examples from United
Kingdom offshore wind and CCGT".
2383:
1149:
2071:
1133:
443:. During summer 2010 Siemens decided to change the blade bearings on all 25 turbines as a pre-emptive measure after corrosion was found in blade bearings found on other sites.
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The initial cable export route and grid connection identified was one making landfall near to the existing Burbo Bank land connection, and connected to a 275 kV substation in
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Aldersey-Williams, John (2019). "Better estimates of LCOE from audited accounts – A new methodology with examples from United
Kingdom offshore wind and CCGT".
710:
After around 20–25 years of operation the wind farm would be expected to be decommissioned, including removal off all offshore components above seabed level.
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777:
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was between 32 and 35%. In 2009 the whole wind farm was put out of action for 4 weeks due to a failure in the underground electrical cable connecting to the
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Summary of
Geotechnical Investigations for the Burbo Bank Extension Project and Comparison of These to Preliminary Geophysical Survey and Interpretation
1103:
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Enxco - a subsidiary of French energy company EdF, bought out the interests of small developer Wind
Prospect in their joint development at Burbo Bank
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3169:
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In
September 2002 SeaScape Energy ( Zilkha Renewable Energy, enXco A/S, Wind Prospect Ltd. joint venture.) submitted an application to develop a
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275:
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424:. Inter turbine and grid connection to the substation was at 33 kV, with voltage step up to 132 kV at the substation for grid connection.
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was selected as the turbine supplier, with 25 3.6 MW turbines ordered at a cost of over €90 million. In
December 2005 Dong Energy (now
649:
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obtained the contract to construct wind turbine foundations and structures, with transition pieces to be manufactured by Bladt/EEW jv
2851:
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3.6 MW turbines was constructed from 2005, and officially opened in 2007. A further 32 8 MW turbines were constructed in 2016–17.
38:
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In 2003 EDF subsidiary enXco bought the interests of Wind Prospect in the project, the project became a joint venture between
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688:'s two 200 tonne transformers were delivered by Collett & Sons Ltd to the onshore substation via 550 Tonne capacity
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The planned export cable route crossed a number of pre-existing cables and pipelines: a set of pipelines related to the
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of £150 per MWh (2012 prices). DONG made the decision to proceed with construction of the wind farm in December 2014.
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275 kV, connection to the National Grid would be made at 400 kV, stepped up at an onshore substation at Bodelwyddan.
2957:
2926:
2801:
703:
The first 8MW turbine was installed in September 2016. The wind farm extension was commissioned in April 2017. Its
584:
628:; DONG Energy having agreed to a long-term supply arrangement for inter array cabling with Nexans in August 2014.
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2781:
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860:
881:
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317:. It consists of an original 90 MW wind farm commissioned in 2007 and a 258 MW extension completed in 2017.
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17:
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1317:"EXCLUSIVE: Burbo Bank wind farm off Wirral shore out of action for four weeks after cabling failure"
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320:
The wind farm was developed in the 2000s by SeaScape Energy, which was acquired by DONG Energy (now
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to landfall were crossed in the Mid-Hoyle channel the export cable route also ran close to the
446:
At the end of the windfarm's operational life (25 years) the wind farm will be decommissioned.
3098:
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2952:
2947:
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358:. SeaScape received a capital grant of £10 million in 2003 to aid development of the project.
337:
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636:
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2916:
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2014:
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for the Burbo 2 extension Dynamic Reactive Compensation electrical equipment (STATCOM); and
397:
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2140:
519:
436:
257:
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was awarded the contract to supply export cables. Suppliers for inter array cabling was
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2586:
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1973:
743:
729:
704:
546:
429:
389:
231:
2224:
Burbo Bank Extension offshore wind farm Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report
906:"Elsam og EDF Energie Nouvelle, køber offshore møller hos Siemens til engelsk projekt"
340:
farm site. The site, located on Burbo Flats in Liverpool bay (~7 km northwest of
3138:
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68:
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550:
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460:
72:
491:; subsequently a potential grid connection at the 400 kV Deeside substation (near
1294:
UK Renewable Energy Data - Monthly Generation Statistics, April 2002 – March 2010
2646:
2317:, vol. 1, DONG Energy Burbo Extension (UK) Ltd., March 2013, archived from
2288:, vol. 2, DONG Energy Burbo Extension (UK) Ltd., March 2013, archived from
2018:
1991:
1260:
1214:
1135:
North Sea construction: Installing monopiles for the Dutch Q7 offshore wind farm
751:
685:
601:
593:
568:
holding company) and Danish pension fund PKA for £660 million in February 2016.
468:
388:
Construction began in June 2006. Contractor for the foundation installation was
380:
3013:
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561:
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405:
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103:
90:
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314:
306:
165:
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1588:
DONG Energy skal opføre Burbo Bank Extension Havmøllepark i Storbritannien
1337:[Corrosion forces Siemens to replace bearings in Wind Turbines],
681:
355:
1932:
284:
2436:
2159:"Burbo Offshore Wind Farm, River Mersey, Liverpool Bay, United Kingdom"
666:
662:
614:
393:
2027:
1269:
2476:
2441:
2279:"Chapter 23: (5.1.2.23) Other Infrastructure and Licensed Activities"
1896:"Van Oord signs contract for Burbo Bank Extension offshore wind farm"
1186:
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm, River Mersey, Liverpool Bay, United Kingdom
625:
597:
1234:
Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling: Installation and Decommissioning
2081:, vol. 1, SeaScape Energy Ltd., September 2002, archived from
1831:"A2SEA's 'SEA CHALLENGER' to Install Burbo Bank Extension Turbines"
673:
583:
570:
379:
362:
495:, Wales) was identified; and later a connection with landfall at
369:
in 2004 with Elsam taking 50% of the projecty. In September 2005
2354:
1696:"Nu indleder Vestas serieproduktion af verdens største havmølle"
565:
2365:
1335:"Korrosion tvinger Siemens til skift af vingelejer i havmøller"
700:
to be used as a base during the construction of the wind farm.
3165:
Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
2456:
680:
contracted to install the offshore export cable. In June 2015
644:
621:
401:
186:
0.5 to 13 m (1 ft 8 in to 42 ft 8 in)
1591:(Press release) (in Danish), 19 December 2014, archived from
1211:"Inauguration of DONG Energy's Burbo Bank offshore wind farm"
684:
were contracted for foundation installation. In October 2015
575:
Svanen, lifting ship, Burbo Banks Offshore Windfarm Extension
1575:, European Commission, 23 July 2014, Table 2, pp.4-5c; § 29
1169:
1167:
396:, Smulders supplied the WTG foundations, turbine towers by
1959:
DONG Energy secures construction base for latest wind farm
465:
extensions to their Round 1 or Round 2 offshore wind farms
1677:"Nu starter Vestas produktion af gigantisk havvindmølle"
1042:"Arklow Bank & Burbo Bank Offshore Windfarms Towers"
511:
to use to a connection near the Bodelwyddan substation.
1766:"DONG Energy, Nexans Ink Offshore Wind Cable Deal (UK)"
1486:(5.1.2.23) Other Infrastructure and Licensed Activities
1471:(5.1.2.23) Other Infrastructure and Licensed Activities
1456:(5.1.2.23) Other Infrastructure and Licensed Activities
2308:"Chapter 5: (5.1.1.5) Site Selection and Alternatives"
1914:"Van Oord to Install Burbo Bank Extension Foundations"
1614:"DONG Sells Half of Burbo Bank Extension to PKA, LEGO"
507:. In 2011 the developer reached an agreement with the
549:
funding from the UK government in April 2014, with a
499:, (nr. Prestatyn, Wales) to an extension of the new
3060:
3026:
2981:
2935:
2774:
2765:
2740:
2499:
2490:
2422:
1813:"A2SEA SIGNS CONTRACT FOR BURBO BANK EXTENSION OWF"
463:announced that wind farm operators could apply for
271:
266:
256:
240:
204:
190:
182:
164:
159:
143:
127:
119:
82:
63:
49:
31:
1716:"ABB's Cables for Dong's Burbo Bank Extension OWF"
1398:
1386:
665:(Denmark) with monopiles made at EEW's factory in
3068:List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom
773:List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom
692:. In early 2016 DONG Energy acquired a lease on
676:was contracted to for turbine installations, and
1154:International Cranes & Specialised Transport
2353:(official website), Dong Energy, archived from
1632:"Dong Taps Vestas for Burbo Bank Offshore Wind"
892:which bought a 50% stake of the project in 2004
530:, as well as the planned route of the 2000 MW
2377:
1962:(press release), Dong Energy, 27 January 2016
503:400 kV substation under construction for the
8:
1878:"Jan De Nul Wins Burbo Bank Extension Wires"
927:"Siemens' first turbine order for UK waters"
778:List of offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea
400:, monopiles and transition pieces were from
2206:, The Planning Inspectorate, archived from
1419:, Dong Energy, 26 July 2013, archived from
1197:
1173:
324:) in 2005. A 25 turbine installation using
2771:
2496:
2384:
2370:
2362:
2250:"Chapter 6: (5.1.1.6) Project Description"
560:) sold half of the wind farm extension to
384:The logo of Orsted who owns the wind farm.
28:
2414:Offshore wind power in the United Kingdom
2026:
1444:(5.1.1.5) Site Selection and Alternatives
1375:(5.1.1.5) Site Selection and Alternatives
1268:
2807:European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre
1446:(Dong) sec. 5.3.15-5.3.30, fig. 5.3, 5.4
861:"British consents for four in North Sea"
3175:Energy infrastructure completed in 2007
2203:Burbo Bank Extension offshore wind farm
1731:
1729:
1694:Bredsdorff, Magnus (22 December 2014),
1232:Kaiser, Mark J.; Snyder, Brian (2012),
882:"Nuclear utility with a wind portfolio"
788:
609:, while the blades are made at Vestas'
276:Related media on Commons
18:Burbo Bank Extension offshore wind farm
2409:Renewable energy in the United Kingdom
1488:(Dong) sec.23.6.25-23.6.26, fig.23.6
1377:(Dong) sec.5.3.3-5.3.14, fig.5.1, 5.2
915:(in Danish), Elsam, 21 September 2005
526:export cable; and crossed the 500 MW
7:
3145:Offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea
3117:
1784:"EEW, Bladt win Burbo 2 foundations"
1148:Verrinder, James (1 December 2006),
832:(SeaScape Energy, 2002) pp. 2–4
810:
808:
806:
804:
377:) became sole owner of the project.
2093:Vestergaard, Søren (October 2007),
1933:"Transforming Burbo Bank Wind Farm"
1660:Snieckus, Darius (21 August 2014),
313:on the west coast of the UK in the
1849:"A2Sea to tackle Burbo 8MW giants"
1737:"Chinese land Burbo 2 electricals"
1638:, 24 February 2014, archived from
1490:Telecommunication and power cables
1475:Telecommunication and power cables
1221:from the original on 7 April 2008.
650:Offshore Structures (Britain) Ltd.
518:oil and gas field, connecting the
25:
2141:"Burbo Bank 1 Offshore Wind Farm"
1790:, 27 January 2015, archived from
1365:(SeaScape Energy, 2002) p. 4
798:(SeaScape Energy, 2002) p. 2
541:The wind farm extension received
412:supplying lifting barge platform
3116:
3105:
3104:
3092:
2393:Wind power in the United Kingdom
1743:, 8 January 2015, archived from
1333:Godske, Bjørn (24 August 2010),
1315:Dunn, Justin (16 October 2009),
1104:"Reference Projects -Burbo Bank"
750:
736:
722:
707:has been estimated at £147/MWh.
37:
2347:"Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm"
1974:"First 8MW giant up at Burbo 2"
1855:, 24 April 2015, archived from
1544:, 23 April 2014, archived from
1538:"UK awards contracts for 4.5GW"
989:"Burbo Bank offshore wind farm"
960:"Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm"
815:Burbo Bank 1 Offshore Wind Farm
432:has been estimated as £87/MWh.
392:: the foundation design was by
3170:2007 establishments in England
2230:, October 2010, archived from
1819:(press release), 24 April 2014
1663:MHI Vestas 8MW gets Burbo deal
1527:(Dong) sec.6.8.3, 6.8.23, 6.10
1188:(www.renewable-technology.com)
843:"More offshore plant go ahead"
613:. Assembly will take place in
588:Turbines viewed from the shore
524:North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm
505:Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm
309:located on the Burbo Flats in
1:
2259:, vol. 1, archived from
2174:, 4C Offshore, archived from
2125:Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm
2050:(5.1.1.6) Project Description
1902:(press release), 25 June 2015
1683:(in Danish), 22 December 2014
1525:(5.1.1.6) Project Description
1513:(5.1.1.6) Project Description
1501:(5.1.1.6) Project Description
1473:(Dong) sec.23.6.21, fig.23.6
1458:(Dong) sec.23.6.13, fig.23.5
1304:, August 2010, pp. 95–96
1132:de Vries, Eize (1 May 2007),
303:Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm
32:Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm
2404:Energy in the United Kingdom
1485:
1470:
1455:
1236:, Springer, Table 8.1, p.138
819:Timeline & Track records
455:Planning, funding and design
3160:Round 1 offshore wind farms
3155:Ørsted (company) wind farms
2019:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.044
1341:(in Danish), archived from
1302:Renewable Energy Foundation
1261:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.044
948:Developers/Owners/Operators
768:List of offshore wind farms
435:Between 2008 and 2010, the
344:and ~6 km west of the
3191:
1460:Oil and gas infrastructure
1443:
1374:
1185:
1072:References - Offshore Wind
183:Max. water depth
3086:
2399:
2049:
1524:
1512:
1500:
814:
637:design and build contract
633:Rongxin Power Engineering
281:
213:
209:
45:
36:
2968:Sofia Offshore Wind Farm
2163:renewable-technology.com
2079:Burbo Offshore Wind Farm
1362:
829:
795:
611:Isle of Wight facilities
528:East–West Interconnector
228:Make and model
197:107 m (351 ft)
3073:North Sea Offshore Grid
2315:Environmental Statement
2286:Environmental Statement
2257:Environmental Statement
2072:"Non-Technical Summary"
1399:EIA Scoping report 2010
1387:EIA Scoping report 2010
943:
758:Renewable energy portal
661:, UK), and by Bladt at
543:contract for difference
242:Nameplate capacity
71:at the entrance to the
3078:Wind power in Scotland
2852:Lynn and Inner Dowsing
2104:The Burbo Bank Project
631:In January 2015 RXPE (
589:
576:
385:
367:EDF Energies Nouvelles
236:Vestas V164-8.0MW (32)
218:Units operational
3150:Wind farms in England
3099:Wind power portal
1992:"Showtime at Burbo 2"
1363:Non-Technical Summary
1078:, Sif, archived from
830:Non-Technical Summary
796:Non-Technical Summary
607:Odense Steel Shipyard
587:
574:
493:Deeside Power Station
404:; piling was done by
383:
338:Round 1 offshore wind
305:is a 348 MW offshore
205:Power generation
3028:Installation vessels
2922:West of Duddon Sands
2194:Burbo Bank Extension
2178:on 26 September 2010
1017:smulders-hoboken.com
931:windpowermonthly.com
888:, 1 September 2005,
886:windpowermonthly.com
865:windpowermonthly.com
847:windpowermonthly.com
655:TAG Energy Solutions
351:monopile foundations
332:Initial Construction
258:Capacity factor
129:Commission date
2767:Offshore wind farms
2667:Little Cheyne Court
2357:on 24 February 2016
2295:on 23 February 2016
2237:on 23 February 2016
1859:on 23 February 2016
1794:on 23 February 2016
1770:subseaworldnews.com
1720:subseaworldnews.com
1548:on 20 February 2016
1515:(Dong) sec.6.6, 6.7
1426:on 23 February 2016
1217:. 18 October 2007.
867:, 1 November 2003,
602:V164 8.0 MW turbine
596:announced that the
267:External links
191:Rotor diameter
100: /
2492:Onshore wind farms
1980:, 8 September 2016
1937:Collett & Sons
1747:on 12 January 2015
1620:, 11 February 2016
635:) was awarded the
590:
577:
386:
371:Siemens Wind Power
326:Siemens Wind Power
104:53.4833°N 3.1667°W
3132:
3131:
3022:
3021:
2761:
2760:
2522:Askam and Ireleth
1345:on 27 August 2010
1321:wirralglobe.co.uk
1213:(Press release).
849:, 1 December 2003
556:DONG Energy (now
532:Western HVDC Link
478:Port of Liverpool
292:
291:
16:(Redirected from
3182:
3120:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3096:
2963:Neart Na Gaoithe
2927:Westermost Rough
2902:Sheringham Shoal
2772:
2497:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2363:
2358:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2324:on 24 April 2014
2323:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2266:on 24 April 2014
2265:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2210:on 24 April 2014
2186:
2185:
2183:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2107:, archived from
2098:
2089:
2088:on 24 April 2014
2087:
2076:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1994:. 27 April 2017.
1988:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:offshorewind.biz
1910:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1882:offshorewind.biz
1874:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:offshorewind.biz
1827:
1821:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1772:, 27 August 2014
1762:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1722:, 13 August 2014
1712:
1706:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1642:on 24 April 2014
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:offshorewind.biz
1610:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1595:on 24 March 2017
1583:
1577:
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1574:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1389:, §2.3, 3.2.2.1.
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1207:
1201:
1198:Vestergaard 2007
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1174:Vestergaard 2007
1171:
1162:
1161:
1160:on 24 April 2014
1156:, archived from
1145:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1114:on 24 April 2014
1110:, archived from
1100:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1085:on 24 April 2014
1084:
1077:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1052:on 24 April 2014
1048:, archived from
1046:stateofgreen.com
1038:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1023:on 24 April 2014
1019:, archived from
1009:
1003:
1002:
1001:
999:
985:
979:
978:
977:
975:
970:on 24 April 2014
966:, archived from
956:
950:
941:
935:
934:
933:, 1 October 2005
923:
917:
916:
910:
902:
896:
895:
878:
872:
871:
857:
851:
850:
839:
833:
827:
821:
812:
799:
793:
760:
755:
754:
746:
741:
740:
732:
727:
726:
725:
641:Bladt Industries
410:Mammoet Van Oord
398:Bladt Industries
296:Wind farm layout
285:edit on Wikidata
234:SWT-3.6-107 (25)
221:25 × 3.6 MW
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
109:53.4833; -3.1667
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
41:
29:
21:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3091:
3082:
3056:
3018:
2977:
2931:
2832:Hywind Scotland
2812:Greater Gabbard
2757:
2736:
2627:Goonhilly Downs
2486:
2472:Talisman Energy
2418:
2395:
2390:
2351:burbobank.co.uk
2345:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2111:on 12 June 2009
2101:
2092:
2085:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2052:(Dong) sec.6.14
2048:
2044:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1931:Walker, Shell.
1930:
1929:
1925:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1884:, 21 April 2015
1876:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1837:, 24 April 2015
1829:
1828:
1824:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1469:
1465:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1013:"Burbo Project"
1011:
1010:
1006:
997:
995:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
958:
957:
953:
942:
938:
925:
924:
920:
908:
904:
903:
899:
880:
879:
875:
859:
858:
854:
841:
840:
836:
828:
824:
813:
802:
794:
790:
786:
764:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
723:
721:
716:
620:In August 2014
592:In early 2014,
582:
520:Douglas Complex
457:
452:
437:capacity factor
334:
299:
298:
297:
288:
252:
235:
222:
200:
178:
160:Wind farm
155:
139:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
67:Burbo Flats in
59:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3188:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3044:MPI Resolution
3040:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:Atlantic Array
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:Humber Gateway
2824:
2819:
2817:Gunfleet Sands
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2732:Winscales Moor
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Trimdon Grange
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Great Eppleton
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Cold Northcott
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Brechfa Forest
2549:
2547:Braes of Doune
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Beinn an Tuirc
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2467:SSE Renewables
2464:
2462:Siemens Gamesa
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2341:
2340:External links
2338:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2304:
2275:
2246:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2155:
2137:
2120:
2099:
2090:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2042:
1997:
1983:
1965:
1949:
1923:
1920:, 24 June 2015
1905:
1887:
1869:
1840:
1822:
1804:
1775:
1757:
1725:
1707:
1686:
1668:
1652:
1623:
1605:
1578:
1558:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1503:(Dong) sec.6.3
1493:
1478:
1463:
1448:
1436:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1325:
1307:
1284:
1239:
1224:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1163:
1140:
1124:
1095:
1062:
1033:
1004:
980:
951:
946:(4C Offshore)
936:
918:
897:
873:
852:
834:
822:
800:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
775:
770:
762:
761:
747:
744:Weather portal
733:
730:England portal
718:
717:
715:
712:
705:levelised cost
672:In April 2015
581:
578:
547:energy subsidy
474:shipping lanes
456:
453:
451:
448:
430:levelised cost
333:
330:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
282:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
254:
253:
251:
250:
246:
244:
238:
237:
232:Siemens Gamesa
229:
225:
224:
223:32 × 8 MW
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
202:
201:
199:
198:
194:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
177:
176:
170:
168:
162:
161:
157:
156:
154:
153:
147:
145:
141:
140:
138:
137:
133:
131:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
84:
80:
79:
65:
61:
60:
58:
57:
56:United Kingdom
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
42:
34:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3187:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3051:MPI Discovery
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3037:MPI Adventure
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Docking Shoal
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Kentish Flats
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Slieve Rushen
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Moel Maelogan
2675:
2673:
2672:Milton Keynes
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Holmside Hall
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Carland Cross
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Blyth Harbour
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2482:ScottishPower
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:REG WindPower
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2305:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2276:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2247:
2233:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2097:, DONG Energy
2096:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Energy Policy
2001:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1641:
1637:
1636:breakbulk.com
1633:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1422:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:Energy Policy
1243:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
994:
993:ramboll.co.uk
990:
984:
981:
969:
965:
961:
955:
952:
949:
945:
940:
937:
932:
928:
922:
919:
914:
913:Press release
907:
901:
898:
894:
893:
887:
883:
877:
874:
870:
866:
862:
856:
853:
848:
844:
838:
835:
831:
826:
823:
820:
816:
811:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
792:
789:
783:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
759:
753:
748:
745:
739:
734:
731:
720:
713:
711:
708:
706:
701:
699:
695:
694:Cammell Laird
691:
690:girder bridge
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
603:
599:
595:
586:
579:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:Liverpool Bay
512:
510:
509:National Grid
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
481:
479:
475:
470:
466:
462:
454:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:National Grid
438:
433:
431:
425:
423:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
352:
347:
343:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
311:Liverpool Bay
308:
304:
286:
280:
277:
274:
270:
265:
261:
259:
255:
248:
247:
245:
243:
239:
233:
230:
227:
226:
220:
217:
216:
212:
208:
203:
196:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
175:
172:
171:
169:
167:
163:
158:
152:
149:
148:
146:
142:
135:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
69:Liverpool Bay
66:
62:
55:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
3122:
3109:
3090:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3004:First Flight
2994:Celtic Array
2973:Triton Knoll
2892:Scroby Sands
2847:London Array
2796:
2687:Ovenden Moor
2657:Langley Park
2637:Hadyard Hill
2355:the original
2350:
2326:, retrieved
2319:the original
2314:
2297:, retrieved
2290:the original
2285:
2268:, retrieved
2261:the original
2256:
2239:, retrieved
2232:the original
2223:
2212:, retrieved
2208:the original
2202:
2180:, retrieved
2176:the original
2170:
2162:
2148:, retrieved
2144:
2130:, retrieved
2124:
2113:, retrieved
2109:the original
2103:
2094:
2083:the original
2078:
2045:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1861:, retrieved
1857:the original
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1796:, retrieved
1792:the original
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1749:, retrieved
1745:the original
1740:
1719:
1710:
1699:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1655:
1644:, retrieved
1640:the original
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1597:, retrieved
1593:the original
1587:
1581:
1567:
1561:
1550:, retrieved
1546:the original
1541:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1439:
1428:, retrieved
1421:the original
1412:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1347:, retrieved
1343:the original
1338:
1328:
1320:
1310:
1293:
1287:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1205:
1200:, p. 6.
1193:
1181:
1176:, p. 5.
1158:the original
1153:
1150:"Wind it on"
1143:
1134:
1127:
1116:, retrieved
1112:the original
1107:
1098:
1087:, retrieved
1080:the original
1071:
1065:
1054:, retrieved
1050:the original
1045:
1036:
1025:, retrieved
1021:the original
1016:
1007:
996:, retrieved
992:
983:
972:, retrieved
968:the original
963:
954:
947:
939:
930:
921:
912:
900:
890:
889:
885:
876:
868:
864:
855:
846:
837:
825:
818:
791:
709:
702:
671:
648:
630:
619:
591:
580:Construction
555:
551:strike price
540:
536:
513:
500:
497:Ffrith Beach
486:
482:
461:Crown Estate
459:In 2009 the
458:
445:
434:
426:
418:
414:Jumping Jack
413:
387:
360:
335:
319:
302:
300:
73:River Mersey
26:
3009:Navitus Bay
2948:East Anglia
2943:Dogger Bank
2862:North Hoyle
2822:Gwynt y Môr
2717:West Durham
2652:Knabs Ridge
2647:Kilgallioch
2617:Fraisthorpe
2597:Crystal Rig
2582:Coal Clough
2557:Burton Wold
2299:15 February
2241:15 February
1942:12 February
1900:vanoord.com
1863:15 February
1798:15 February
1704:(in Danish)
1599:24 December
1552:15 February
1430:15 February
1401:, §3.2.2.2.
1215:DONG Energy
696:'s yard in
686:DONG Energy
669:(Germany).
594:DONG Energy
501:Bodelwyddan
469:DONG Energy
390:MT Højgaard
249:348 MW
123:Operational
107: /
83:Coordinates
3139:Categories
3014:Shell Flat
2958:Moray East
2887:Robin Rigg
2882:Rhyl Flats
2797:Burbo Bank
2702:Scout Moor
2692:Pates Hill
2682:Out Newton
2592:Conisholme
2572:Cefn Croes
2537:Blood Hill
2432:Ecotricity
2171:Burbo Bank
2095:Burbo Bank
2065:Burbo Bank
2028:10059/3298
1978:renews.biz
1853:renews.biz
1788:renews.biz
1741:renews.biz
1701:Ingeniøren
1542:renews.biz
1270:10059/3298
944:Burbo Bank
784:References
698:Birkenhead
678:Jan De Nul
659:Billingham
562:KIRKBI A/S
545:renewable
489:Birkenhead
92:53°29′00″N
77:Merseyside
2982:Cancelled
2872:Race Bank
2748:Den Brook
2697:Royd Moor
2662:Lindhurst
2532:Black Law
2517:Arecleoch
2512:Ardrossan
2507:Alltwalis
2424:Companies
2128:, Ramboll
2037:158158724
2013:: 25–35.
1817:a2sea.com
1751:8 January
1349:25 August
1279:158158724
1255:: 25–35.
1108:menck.com
657:plant in
450:Extension
422:ABB Group
315:Irish Sea
307:wind farm
95:3°10′00″W
3111:Category
2936:Proposed
2907:Teesside
2897:Seagreen
2787:Beatrice
2741:Proposed
2727:Whitelee
2722:Westmill
2607:Delabole
2602:Dagenham
2328:23 April
2270:23 April
2214:23 April
2182:24 April
2150:24 April
2132:24 April
2115:24 April
1646:23 April
1569:Beatrice
1219:Archived
1118:24 April
1089:23 April
1056:24 April
1027:24 April
998:24 April
974:24 April
714:See also
682:Van Oord
653:(former
356:Wallasey
174:Offshore
144:Owner(s)
64:Location
3123:Commons
2953:Hornsea
2877:Rampion
2867:Ormonde
2802:Dudgeon
2437:Equinor
2145:lorc.dk
2059:Sources
964:mth.com
817:(Lorc)
667:Rostock
663:Aalborg
615:Belfast
476:to the
408:, with
394:Ramboll
272:Commons
50:Country
2917:Walney
2912:Thanet
2857:Methil
2782:Barrow
2775:Active
2753:Viking
2622:Garves
2500:Active
2477:Vestas
2447:Ørsted
2442:Innogy
2035:
1681:Børsen
1339:Ing.dk
1277:
626:Nexans
598:Vestas
558:Ørsted
375:Ørsted
346:Sefton
342:Wirral
322:Ørsted
151:Ørsted
120:Status
3061:Other
2842:Lincs
2792:Blyth
2577:Clyde
2567:Carno
2322:(PDF)
2311:(PDF)
2293:(PDF)
2282:(PDF)
2264:(PDF)
2253:(PDF)
2235:(PDF)
2228:(PDF)
2086:(PDF)
2075:(PDF)
2033:S2CID
1573:(PDF)
1424:(PDF)
1417:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
1275:S2CID
1083:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
909:(PDF)
674:A2SEA
406:Menck
363:Elsam
283:[
2612:Farr
2330:2014
2301:2016
2272:2014
2243:2016
2216:2014
2184:2014
2152:2014
2134:2014
2117:2014
1944:2019
1865:2016
1800:2016
1753:2015
1648:2014
1601:2014
1554:2016
1432:2016
1351:2010
1120:2014
1091:2014
1058:2014
1029:2014
1000:2014
976:2014
643:and
566:Lego
365:and
301:The
262:~30%
166:Type
136:2007
2457:RWE
2023:hdl
2015:doi
2011:128
1265:hdl
1257:doi
1253:128
645:EEW
622:ABB
402:Sif
3141::
2349:,
2313:,
2284:,
2255:,
2161:,
2143:,
2077:,
2031:.
2021:.
2009:.
1976:,
1935:.
1916:,
1898:,
1880:,
1851:,
1833:,
1815:,
1786:,
1768:,
1739:,
1728:^
1718:,
1698:,
1679:,
1634:,
1616:,
1540:,
1319:,
1300:,
1273:.
1263:.
1251:.
1166:^
1152:,
1106:,
1044:,
1015:,
991:,
962:,
929:,
911:,
884:,
863:,
845:,
803:^
617:.
600:'
534:.
467:;
416:.
75:,
2385:e
2378:t
2371:v
2039:.
2025::
2017::
1946:.
1281:.
1267::
1259::
564:(
287:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
