413:
71:
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1525:, a Swiss inventor, became curious about the seeds of the burdock plant that had attached themselves to his clothes and to the dog's fur. Under a microscope, he looked closely at the hook system that the seeds use to hitchhike on passing animals aiding seed dispersal, and he realized that the same approach could be used to join other things together. His work led to the development of the
345:
384:
49:
2181:
1151:
1226:), or "whole burdock". Plants are cultivated for their slender roots, which can grow up to about one metre long and two centimetres across. Burdock root is very crisp and has a sweet, mild, or pungent flavour with a little muddy harshness that can be reduced by soaking
1454:
1862:
Itaya, Nair
Massumi; Oliveira, Maria Gabriela Xavier de; Oliveira, Mirela Caroline Vilela de; Porreta, Camila; Menão, Márcia Cristina; Borges, Ricardo Moraes; Silva, José Roberto Machado Cunha da; Borges, João Carlos Shimada; Knöbl, Terezinha (1 February 2018).
2022:
1752:
Calapai, G; Miroddi, M; Minciullo, PL; Caputi, AP; Gangemi, S; Schmidt, RJ (July 2014). "Contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used
European herbal medicinal products - part 1: Achillea millefolium-Curcuma longa".
322:
have dark green leaves that can grow up to 70 centimetres (28 inches) long. They are generally large, coarse, and ovate, with the lower ones being heart-shaped. They are woolly underneath. The leafstalks are generally hollow.
1902:
Extraction, Partial
Characterization, and Inhibition Patterns of Polyphenol Oxidase from Burdock (Arctium lappa). Mie S. Lee-Kim, Eun S. Hwang and Kyung H. Kim, Enzymatic Browning and Its Prevention, Chapter 21, pp. 267–276,
1640:
1121:) are noted for easily catching on to fur and clothing. In England, some birdwatchers have reported that birds have become entangled in the burrs leading to a slow death, as they are unable to free themselves.
1237:, to which the burdock is related. The stalks are thoroughly peeled, and either eaten raw, or boiled in salt water. Leaves are also eaten in spring in Japan when a plant is young and leaves are soft. Some
327:
species generally flower from July through
October. Burdock flowers provide essential pollen and nectar for honeybees around August, when clover is on the wane and before the goldenrod starts to bloom.
2212:
302:. Native to Europe and Asia, several species have been widely introduced worldwide. Burdock's clinging properties, in addition to providing an excellent mechanism for
1920:
3977:
1726:
1946:
1365:, but it is sometimes recommended to be avoided during pregnancy based on animal studies that show components of burdock to cause uterus stimulation.
412:
3889:
3701:
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3902:
1291:
In the second half of the 20th century, burdock achieved international recognition for its culinary use due to the increasing popularity of the
4026:
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1805:
4141:
3623:
359:
1618:
1499:, Japanese soldiers were issued a 15-1/2-inch bayonet held in a black-painted scabbard, the juken. Their nickname was the burdock sword (
1697:
3529:
2077:
1469:
It makes me want to write. It asserts life to the end, and alone in the midst of the whole field, somehow or other had asserted it.
3638:
2766:
2198:
2100:
3938:
4075:
3956:
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1844:
3130:
1924:
1393:
984:– woolly burdock – northern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Siberia, Xinjiang; naturalized in North America
3798:
3618:
4121:
4080:
4039:
395:
1233:
Immature flower stalks may also be harvested in late spring, before flowers appear; their taste resembles that of
797:– lesser burdock – Europe and southwestern Asia; naturalized in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand
4126:
3982:
3724:
1864:
1288:
filled with pickled burdock root; the burdock root is often artificially coloured orange to resemble a carrot).
70:
4136:
4131:
1445:
used for many ailments. Burdock root oil extract, also called bur oil, is used in Europe as a scalp treatment.
1098:
952:
31:
4044:
1730:
1230:
or shredded roots in water for five to ten minutes. The roots have been used as potato substitutes in Russia.
1299:(GDF, 6 g per 100 g), calcium, potassium, and amino acids, and is low in calories. It contains the
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for protection. With its many flowers, the plant also symbolizes abundance. Before and during
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1993:
1985:
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825:
717:– greater burdock – much of Eurasia; naturalized in North America, Australia and New Zealand
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2415:
1701:
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1111:
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1998:
1973:
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records the burrs of the plant being known in Devon, England, as "bachelor's-buttons".
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1974:"Effect of burdock extract on physical performance and physiological fatigue in mice"
1848:
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790:
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402:
201:
1782:
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1162:, consisting of sautéed burdock root and carrot, with a side of sautéed dried daikon
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at one time or another, but most of them are now classified in the related genus
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2686:
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1865:"Prebiotic effects of inulin extracted from burdock (Arctium lappa) in broilers"
1506:
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164:
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154:
48:
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1815:
1729:. Greater Bozeman, MT: Sacajawea Audubon Society. August 2012. Archived from
1202:, and is eaten in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. In Korean, burdock root is called
3837:
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17:
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2007:
1774:
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1798:
Foraging
Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods
4052:
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1989:
1488:
1465:
Black from dust but still alive and red in the center. It reminded me of
455:
437:
174:
134:
121:
1972:
Chen, WC; Hsu, YJ; Lee, MC; Li, HS; Ho, CS; Huang, CC; Chen, FA (2017).
1150:
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cultivars are specialized for this purpose. A popular
Japanese dish is
1175:
1167:
1157:
1134:
460:
449:
are hard to define; there is an exact relation between their molecular
2126:
1766:
3920:
3666:
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3325:
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2855:
2818:
2731:
2639:
2634:
2311:
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1530:
1492:
1479:
1478:, in his journal (July, 1896) of a tiny shoot of burdock he saw in a
1429:
1411:
1312:
1304:
1257:
1053:
3735:
1487:
In
Turkish Anatolia, the burdock plant was believed to ward off the
1311:, which causes its darkened surface and muddy harshness by forming
3842:
3696:
3487:
3450:
3422:
3387:
3382:
3357:
3307:
3157:
3120:
2813:
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2405:
2372:
2345:
2323:
1521:
After taking his dog for a walk one day in the late 1940s (1948),
1452:
1328:
1285:
1269:
1265:
1196:) in Chinese, the same name having been borrowed into Japanese as
1149:
1073:
1057:
287:
82:
453:. The burdocks are sometimes confused with the cockleburs (genus
331:
Burdock's clinging properties make it an excellent mechanism for
3943:
3602:
3512:
3497:
3427:
3392:
2893:
2878:
2679:
2664:
2476:
2457:
2447:
1377:
1373:
1320:
1316:
1295:, which advocates its consumption. It contains a fair amount of
1273:
1069:
496:(Regel & Schmalh.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
3739:
2194:
2069:
The Big Idea: How
Business Innovators Get Great Ideas to Market
1560:
means both "burr" and "velcro". The German word for burdock is
486:(Kult. ex Tscherneva) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
3829:
1545:, for burdock and velcro; Turkish does the same with the name
1049:
876:(Juz. ex Tscherneva) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
351:
418:
A 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall man holding a leaf
365:
Macro photograph of a bur, showing the sharp hook structures
1700:. Vermont: Calidonia Spirits. August 2015. Archived from
1319:
complexes. Burdock root's harshness harmonizes well with
1170:
of young burdock plants can be harvested and eaten as a
1242:
1197:
1155:
635:(Tscherneva) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
1397:
1185:
1003:(Karmysch.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
1845:"ゴボウの皮はむかないのが"新常識" (06/01/19) - ニュース - nikkei BPnet"
1540:
1491:, and as such is often a motif appearing woven into
1215:
1203:
775:(C.Winkl.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
705:(C.Winkl.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
431:
A large number of species have been placed in genus
3748:
3659:
3611:
3528:
3261:
3230:
3092:
3025:
3009:
2926:
2871:
2864:
2806:
2762:
2575:
2535:
2502:
2381:
2235:
2228:
1619:
Board of
Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1174:. While generally out of favour in modern European
1133:in individual with allergies as the plant contains
1947:"Burdock (Arctium lappa): MedlinePlus Supplements"
1658:Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 816
927:(Bornm.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
645:(Bornm.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
605:(Bornm.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
1072:of burdock, among other plants, are eaten by the
1023:(Kult.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
907:(Kult.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
866:(Kult.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
655:(Kult.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
581:(Kult.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
571:(Kult.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
785:(Juz.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
675:(Juz.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
665:(Juz.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
615:(Juz.) S.López, Romasch., Susanna & N.Garcia
1602:
1600:
1583:
1577:
1463:
2127:"rzep - definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia"
1251:
1082:). The plant is used as a food plant by other
30:"Burdock" redirects here. For other uses, see
2206:
1546:
1420:; some dictionaries list the Chinese as just
1191:
8:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1221:
1209:
1949:. Nlm.nih.gov. 20 July 2010. Archived from
1129:The green, above-ground portions may cause
3736:
2868:
2232:
2213:
2199:
2191:
1921:"Mead Recipes: Dandelion and Burdock Beer"
1256:), julienned or shredded burdock root and
47:
38:
1997:
1880:
1829:Szczawinski, A.F.; Turner, N.J. (1978).
1727:"Chapter Begins Burdock Removal Project"
1154:A dish containing a Japanese appetizer,
1596:
340:
2072:. Kaplan Business. pp. 15–pp.18.
1833:. National Museum of Natural Sciences.
1588:, which translates to "burdock lock".
1368:In Europe, burdock root was used as a
1667:
1665:
1529:, which was initially sold under the
7:
4081:2b3b9c2a-19f7-42c5-a07c-f90dd3a5989f
3993:cfb7390a-98a7-4152-a0cc-b6112c9a2c82
2021:Balch, Phyllis A. (1 January 2002).
475:The following species are accepted:
2107:(in Croatian). Znanje d.d. and Srce
1923:. Dyfed Lloyd Evans. Archived from
1117:The prickly heads of these plants (
1376:before the widespread adoption of
1345:that has long been popular in the
25:
2052:. May Selçuk A. S. pp. 4–30.
4045:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330041-2
3720:
3719:
2179:
411:
394:
382:
370:
358:
343:
69:
2024:Prescription for Herbal Healing
1869:Arquivos do Instituto Biológico
1800:. Guilford, CT: Falcon Guides.
855:(Marcow.) R.E.Fr. & Soderb.
1698:"Don't Cut Your Burdock Down!"
1434:
1416:
1357:. Burdock is believed to be a
1178:, it is popular in East Asia.
740:Juz. & C.Serg. ex Stepanov
306:, led to the invention of the
1:
3651:Sushi and sashimi ingredients
1831:Edible Garden Weeds of Canada
1796:Nyerges, Christopher (2017).
1641:"Global Compositae Checklist"
1361:, a substance that increases
937:Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova
886:(Regel & Schmalh.) Kuntze
441:. The precise limits between
1394:traditional Chinese medicine
846:– central and eastern Europe
4142:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1398:
1243:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1186:
1156:
1052:+ dock, the latter meaning
625:(Boiss. & Buhse) Kuntze
4158:
1909:10.1021/bk-1995-0600.ch021
1882:10.1590/1808-1657000522016
1615:Plants of the World Online
1572:(= burdock fastener). In
1327:) and with Japanese-style
29:
3715:
1441:Burdock is a traditional
1425:
1407:
1252:
1222:
1210:
1192:
1048:Circa 16th century, from
898:– Afghanistan, Tajikistan
216:
209:
66:Scientific classification
64:
55:
46:
41:
27:Genus of flowering plants
1349:; it has its origins in
1099:Coleophora peribenanderi
857:– Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
32:Burdock (disambiguation)
2222:Japanese food and drink
2105:Hrvatski jezični portal
1093:Coleophora paripennella
872:Arctium pentacanthoides
641:Arctium fedtschenkoanum
2159:(in Norwegian Nynorsk)
1677:Flora of North America
1584:
1578:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1527:hook and loop fastener
1517:Inspiration for velcro
1485:
1461:
1353:commonly drunk in the
1163:
944:Arctium schmalhausenii
933:Arctium sardaimionense
601:Arctium echinopifolium
577:Arctium dolichophyllum
308:hook and loop fastener
3702:Customs and etiquette
2188:at Wikimedia Commons
2050:Kilim Catalogue No. 1
2048:Erbek, Güran (1998).
1509:'s mid 18th century
1456:
1339:Dandelion and burdock
1280:. Another is burdock
1153:
917:Juz. & Ye.V.Serg.
862:Arctium pallidivirens
751:Juz. & Ye.V.Serg.
661:Arctium haesitabundum
1990:10.1292/jvms.17-0345
1851:on 4 September 2012.
1539:uses the same word,
1384:Traditional medicine
903:Arctium pterolepidum
892:Arctium pseudarctium
882:Arctium pentacanthum
651:Arctium grandifolium
318:Plants of the genus
3624:Desserts and sweets
1647:on 6 November 2014.
1511:Devonshire Dialogue
1076:of the ghost moth (
968:Arctium tomentellum
747:Arctium leiospermum
701:Arctium korshinskyi
681:Arctium karatavicum
567:Arctium chloranthum
516:Arctium amplissimum
2872:Alcoholic beverage
2064:Strauss, Steven D.
1927:on 17 October 2012
1755:Contact Dermatitis
1733:on 4 November 2018
1715:Collins Dictionary
1704:on 3 October 2015.
1462:
1380:for this purpose.
1309:polyphenol oxidase
1164:
1131:contact dermatitis
1037:(Dybowski.) Arènes
978:Arctium tomentosum
851:Arctium palladinii
771:Arctium macilentum
691:Arctium korolkowii
671:Arctium horrescens
552:– Algeria, Morocco
546:Arctium atlanticum
377:Closeup of burdock
294:commonly known as
204:1753 not Lam. 1779
58:Arctium tomentosum
4122:Asteraceae genera
4104:
4103:
4001:Open Tree of Life
3742:Taxon identifiers
3733:
3732:
3321:Mentaiko / tarako
3238:Square watermelon
3088:
3087:
2571:
2570:
2184:Media related to
2066:(December 2001).
2034:978-0-89529-869-0
1984:(10): 1698–1706.
1807:978-1-4930-2534-3
1767:10.1111/cod.12222
1523:George de Mestral
1307:. It contains a
1019:Arctium vavilovii
989:Arctium triflorum
972:(C.Winkl.) Kuntze
923:Arctium refractum
816:Arctium nemorosum
722:Arctium lappaceum
536:Arctium arctiodes
406:(greater burdock)
279:
278:
273:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
205:
16:(Redirected from
4149:
4127:Medicinal plants
4097:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4022:
4021:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3973:
3972:
3970:NHMSYS0000456028
3960:
3959:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3911:
3910:
3898:
3897:
3885:
3884:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3858:
3846:
3845:
3833:
3832:
3820:
3819:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3793:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3737:
3723:
3722:
3707:Okinawan cuisine
3111:Botan Rice Candy
2869:
2799:
2233:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1917:
1911:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1847:. Archived from
1841:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1669:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1643:. Archived from
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1604:
1587:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1550:
1544:
1483:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1401:
1293:macrobiotic diet
1255:
1254:
1249:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1161:
1038:
1024:
1014:
1009:Arctium umbrosum
1004:
999:Arctium ugamense
994:
983:
973:
963:
949:
938:
928:
918:
908:
897:
887:
877:
867:
856:
845:
844:(Ruhmer) J.Weiss
831:
830:(Regel) Sennikov
826:Arctium nidulans
821:
811:
796:
786:
776:
766:
752:
741:
727:
726:(Schrenk) Kuntze
716:
706:
696:
686:
676:
666:
656:
646:
636:
626:
616:
611:Arctium egregium
606:
596:
582:
572:
562:
551:
550:(Pomel) H.Lindb.
541:
531:
526:Arctium anomalum
521:
511:
497:
487:
482:Arctium abolinii
471:Accepted species
415:
398:
386:
374:
362:
347:
271:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
222:
200:
74:
73:
51:
39:
21:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4137:Stem vegetables
4132:Root vegetables
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4017:
4012:
4004:
3999:
3991:
3989:
3981:
3976:
3968:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3937:
3929:
3927:
3919:
3914:
3906:
3901:
3893:
3888:
3880:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3854:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3815:
3810:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3744:
3734:
3729:
3711:
3655:
3639:Soups and stews
3607:
3524:
3263:
3257:
3226:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3021:
3005:
2922:
2860:
2802:
2793:
2764:
2758:
2567:
2531:
2498:
2377:
2224:
2219:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1953:on 17 July 2010
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1808:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1569:Klettverschluss
1553:Polish language
1551:, while in the
1519:
1484:
1474:Russian author
1473:
1451:
1396:under the name
1386:
1370:bittering agent
1355:mediæval period
1260:, braised with
1148:
1143:
1127:
1112:scalloped hazel
1079:Hepialus humuli
1066:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
981:
971:
961:
958:semiconstrictum
947:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:(Bornm.) Duist.
895:
885:
875:
865:
854:
843:
829:
819:
810:(Simonk.) Nyman
809:
794:
784:
781:Arctium medians
774:
764:
750:
739:
725:
714:
704:
694:
684:
674:
664:
654:
644:
634:
631:Arctium evidens
624:
614:
604:
594:
580:
570:
560:
549:
539:
529:
519:
509:
495:
492:Arctium alberti
485:
473:
429:
424:
423:
422:
419:
416:
407:
399:
390:
387:
378:
375:
366:
363:
354:
348:
316:
292:biennial plants
265:, nom. superfl.
223:(Juz.) Tschern.
199:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4155:
4153:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:wfo-4000002920
4085:
4072:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4023:
4010:
3997:
3987:
3974:
3961:
3948:
3935:
3925:
3912:
3899:
3886:
3873:
3860:
3847:
3834:
3821:
3808:
3795:
3785:
3770:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3471:Worcestershire
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2875:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2269:
2267:Hatsuga genmai
2264:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2176:
2175:External links
2173:
2171:
2170:
2144:
2118:
2092:
2078:
2055:
2040:
2033:
2013:
1964:
1938:
1912:
1895:
1854:
1836:
1821:
1806:
1788:
1744:
1718:
1707:
1689:
1661:
1650:
1632:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1566:and velcro is
1537:Serbo-Croatian
1518:
1515:
1471:
1450:
1447:
1443:medicinal herb
1385:
1382:
1347:United Kingdom
1333:takikomi gohan
1323:in miso soup (
1214:) and sold as
1172:root vegetable
1147:
1146:Food and drink
1144:
1142:
1139:
1126:
1123:
1108:lime-speck pug
1065:
1062:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1025:
1015:
1013:(Bunge) Kuntze
1005:
995:
985:
974:
964:
950:
940:
929:
919:
913:Arctium radula
909:
899:
888:
878:
868:
858:
847:
832:
822:
812:
798:
787:
777:
767:
753:
743:
728:
718:
707:
697:
687:
677:
667:
657:
647:
637:
627:
621:Arctium elatum
617:
607:
597:
583:
573:
563:
557:Arctium aureum
553:
542:
532:
522:
512:
510:(Celak.) Nyman
498:
488:
477:
472:
469:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
410:
408:
400:
393:
391:
388:
381:
379:
376:
369:
367:
364:
357:
355:
349:
342:
339:
338:
337:
333:seed dispersal
315:
312:
304:seed dispersal
277:
276:
275:
274:
269:Schmalhausenia
266:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
214:
213:
207:
206:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
125:
124:
119:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
93:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4154:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Sashimi bōchō
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:Ingredients /
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3091:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:Canned coffee
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:Agedashi dōfu
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
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2437:
2434:
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2424:
2422:
2421:Muroran curry
2419:
2417:
2414:
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2409:
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2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Hiyashi chūka
2399:
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2256:
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2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
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2240:
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2223:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2196:
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2189:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2158:
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2148:
2145:
2132:
2128:
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2119:
2106:
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2096:
2093:
2081:
2079:0-7931-4837-5
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:J Vet Med Sci
1975:
1968:
1965:
1952:
1948:
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1939:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
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1883:
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1580:
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1570:
1564:
1558:
1554:
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1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1388:The seeds of
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:hedgerow mead
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:dietary fiber
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1218:
1206:
1200:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:Arctium lappa
1177:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1056:of the genus
1055:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
1000:
996:
991:
990:
986:
980:
979:
975:
970:
969:
965:
960:
959:
955:
951:
946:
945:
941:
935:
934:
930:
925:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
905:
904:
900:
894:
893:
889:
884:
883:
879:
874:
873:
869:
864:
863:
859:
853:
852:
848:
842:
841:
837:
833:
828:
827:
823:
818:
817:
813:
808:
807:
803:
799:
795:(Hill) Bernh.
793:
792:
791:Arctium minus
788:
783:
782:
778:
773:
772:
768:
763:
762:
758:
754:
749:
748:
744:
738:
737:
733:
729:
724:
723:
719:
713:
712:
711:Arctium lappa
708:
703:
702:
698:
693:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
673:
672:
668:
663:
662:
658:
653:
652:
648:
643:
642:
638:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
613:
612:
608:
603:
602:
598:
595:(Juz.) Duist.
593:
592:
588:
584:
579:
578:
574:
569:
568:
564:
559:
558:
554:
548:
547:
543:
538:
537:
533:
528:
527:
523:
518:
517:
513:
508:
507:
503:
499:
494:
493:
489:
484:
483:
479:
478:
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470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:
434:
426:
414:
409:
405:
404:
403:Arctium lappa
397:
392:
385:
380:
373:
368:
361:
356:
353:
346:
341:
336:
334:
329:
326:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:
270:
267:
261:
258:
253:
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229:
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218:
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143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:Tracheophytes
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
60:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3749:
3566:Nakiri bōchō
3561:Maguro bōchō
3290:
3281:Bamboo shoot
3253:Shine Muscat
3075:Pocari Sweat
2841:Honzen-ryōri
2781:Kenchin-jiru
2670:Onsen tamago
2453:Okinawa soba
2319:Hayashi rice
2178:
2163:13 September
2161:. Retrieved
2156:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2111:17 September
2109:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2023:
2016:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1957:12 September
1955:. Retrieved
1951:the original
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:the original
1915:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1872:
1868:
1857:
1849:the original
1839:
1830:
1824:
1797:
1791:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1721:
1714:
1710:
1702:the original
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:
1653:
1645:the original
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1614:
1609:
1535:
1533:brand name.
1520:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1497:World War II
1486:
1467:Hadji Murad.
1466:
1464:
1459:kilim motifs
1440:
1433:
1415:
1392:are used in
1389:
1387:
1367:
1359:galactagogue
1337:
1290:
1238:
1232:
1184:is known as
1179:
1165:
1158:kinpira gobō
1128:
1116:
1097:
1091:
1077:
1067:
1047:
1032:
1028:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
976:
966:
957:
953:
942:
939:– Tajikistan
931:
921:
911:
901:
890:
880:
870:
860:
849:
839:
835:
824:
814:
805:
801:
789:
779:
769:
760:
756:
745:
736:leiobardanum
735:
731:
720:
709:
699:
689:
679:
669:
659:
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
599:
590:
586:
575:
565:
555:
544:
534:
524:
514:
505:
501:
490:
480:
474:
464:
454:
446:
442:
436:
432:
430:
401:
389:Burdock bush
330:
324:
319:
317:
295:
282:
281:
280:
268:
259:
252:Hypacanthium
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
195:
194:
128:
115:
102:
89:
56:
36:
18:Burdock root
3916:iNaturalist
3774:Wikispecies
3581:Usuba bōchō
3538:Rice cooker
3353:Katsuobushi
3243:Yubari King
3217:Warabimochi
3183:Zunda-mochi
3010:Soft drinks
2980:Herbal tea
2794: [
2687:Shabu-shabu
2625:Chawanmushi
2613:Satsuma-age
2515:Okonomiyaki
2356:Sustainable
2255:Katsu curry
2133:(in Polish)
2027:. Penguin.
1931:17 December
1761:(1): 1–12.
1737:13 December
1625:2 September
1582:and velcro
1576:burdock is
1507:Mary Palmer
1476:Leo Tolstoy
1217:tong u-eong
1084:Lepidoptera
314:Description
165:Carduoideae
161:Subfamily:
109:Angiosperms
4111:Categories
3687:Tokusanhin
3682:Teppanyaki
3619:Condiments
3546:Deba bōchō
3518:Yuzu koshō
3478:Sesame oil
3402:Mushrooms
3378:Mayonnaise
3301:Sakurajima
3286:Beni shōga
3264:condiments
3248:Ruby Roman
3168:Goheimochi
3070:Oronamin C
3038:C.C. Lemon
2834:Wappameshi
2829:Makunouchi
2702:Tamagoyaki
2608:Kushikatsu
2558:Milk bread
2426:Tantan-men
2307:Tenshindon
2157:Språkrådet
2153:"Borrelås"
2131:sjp.pwn.pl
1888:3 November
1592:References
1449:In culture
1343:soft drink
1278:sesame oil
1088:brown-tail
1086:including
300:Asteraceae
181:Subtribe:
155:Asteraceae
3598:Suribachi
3586:Yanagi ba
3433:Sake kasu
3411:Matsutake
3406:Enokitake
3368:Kuromitsu
3178:Kuzumochi
3095:desserts/
3065:Lipovitan
2994:Kombu-cha
2984:Genmaicha
2934:Green tea
2865:Beverages
2786:Miso soup
2767:Shirumono
2739:Tsukudani
2722:Tsukemono
2707:Tokoroten
2680:Fugusashi
2520:Hirayachi
2510:Monjayaki
2443:Shirataki
2416:Kagoshima
2262:Glutinous
2137:27 August
1816:965922681
1682:4 January
1673:"Arctium"
1574:Norwegian
1417:niúbángzi
1399:niubangzi
1363:lactation
1301:prebiotic
1282:makizushi
1262:soy sauce
1235:artichoke
1228:julienned
1044:Etymology
1033:zalewskii
742:– Siberia
451:phylogeny
298:, family
185:Arctiinae
145:Asterales
79:Kingdom:
4076:VicFlora
4065:VASCAN:
4058:40018771
4053:Tropicos
3759:Wikidata
3725:Category
3692:Teriyaki
3530:Utensils
3503:Umeboshi
3483:Shichimi
3466:Tonkatsu
3416:Shiitake
3363:Konnyaku
3316:Kamaboko
3163:Agemochi
3148:Konpeitō
3138:Dorayaki
3106:Amanattō
3093:Snacks /
3033:Aquarius
3026:Products
2824:Kyaraben
2807:Set menu
2776:Butajiru
2754:Yakitori
2749:Yakiniku
2727:Nukazuke
2712:Tonkatsu
2697:Sukiyaki
2692:Shiokara
2660:Nikujaga
2645:Nabemono
2589:Agemono
2553:Melonpan
2527:Takoyaki
2503:Konamono
2489:Yakisoba
2482:Yakiudon
2436:Tsukemen
2431:Tonkotsu
2396:Hiyamugi
2391:Harusame
2368:Takikomi
2302:Tekkadon
2297:Oyakodon
2292:Katsudon
2282:Chūkadon
2229:Shushoku
2008:28890521
1783:30930806
1775:24621152
1585:borrelås
1501:gobo ken
1489:evil eye
1480:ploughed
1472:—
1457:Burdock
1390:A. lappa
1239:A. lappa
1135:lactones
1125:Toxicity
506:ambiguum
456:Xanthium
447:Cousinia
438:Cousinia
427:Taxonomy
272:C.Winkl.
211:Synonyms
175:Cardueae
151:Family:
135:Asterids
122:Eudicots
42:Burdock
4117:Arctium
4019:Arctium
3895:5393079
3869:Arctium
3780:Arctium
3750:Arctium
3677:Omakase
3672:Kaiseki
3660:Related
3593:Shamoji
3571:Santoku
3556:Kitchen
3542:Knives
3493:Tenkasu
3348:Karashi
3343:Kanzuri
3291:Burdock
3207:Taiyaki
3202:Shiruko
3173:Kankoro
3143:Karukan
3116:Daifuku
3098:Wagashi
3058:Georgia
2999:Mugicha
2989:Sobacha
2964:Kukicha
2954:Hōjicha
2949:Gyokuro
2939:History
2911:Habushu
2906:Awamori
2884:Amazake
2851:Kaiseki
2791:Suimono
2744:Tsukune
2675:Sashimi
2618:Tempura
2603:Korokke
2598:Karaage
2411:Champon
2383:Noodles
2363:Sekihan
2351:History
2341:Omurice
2334:Tenmusu
2329:Onigiri
2277:Donmono
2186:Arctium
2101:"čičak"
1999:5658563
1610:Arctium
1435:niúbàng
1422:Chinese
1404:Chinese
1325:tonjiru
1272:and/or
1245:kinpira
1187:niúbàng
1176:cuisine
1168:taproot
1064:Ecology
1029:Arctium
954:Arctium
836:Arctium
802:Arctium
761:maassii
757:Arctium
732:Arctium
587:Arctium
502:Arctium
463:(genus
461:rhubarb
443:Arctium
433:Arctium
350:Hooked
325:Arctium
320:Arctium
296:burdock
283:Arctium
244:Bardana
196:Arctium
191:Genus:
171:Tribe:
141:Order:
83:Plantae
4027:PLANTS
4006:465432
3990:NZOR:
3944:7700-1
3882:102484
3856:102484
3791:188260
3788:APDB:
3765:Q27257
3667:Chinmi
3646:Snacks
3629:Dishes
3508:Wasabi
3447:Sauce
3443:Sansyō
3373:Kuzuko
3338:Hijiki
3331:Tobiko
3326:Surimi
3296:Daikon
3276:Aonori
3231:Fruits
3190:Senbei
3126:Chichi
3080:Yakult
3043:Calpis
3017:Ramune
2974:Sencha
2969:Matcha
2959:Kabuse
2944:Bancha
2916:Umeshu
2901:Shōchū
2889:Nigori
2856:Osechi
2846:Jūbako
2819:Ekiben
2732:Takuan
2717:Tororo
2650:Namasu
2640:Kakuni
2563:Yudane
2312:Unadon
2287:Gyūdon
2245:Chahan
2076:
2031:
2006:
1996:
1814:
1804:
1781:
1773:
1621:. 2021
1563:Klette
1548:pitrak
1531:Velcro
1493:kilims
1432::
1430:pinyin
1424::
1414::
1412:pinyin
1406::
1313:tannin
1305:inulin
1303:fiber
1276:, and
1258:carrot
1205:u-eong
1104:Gothic
1102:, the
1054:sorrel
993:Kuntze
962:Duist.
948:Kuntze
840:nothum
806:mixtum
695:Kuntze
685:Kuntze
591:dualis
561:Kuntze
540:Kuntze
530:Kuntze
520:Kuntze
459:) and
239:Bubani
236:Arcion
228:Arcium
4032:ARCTI
3957:36544
3931:27053
3928:IPA:
3921:59571
3864:FoAO2
3843:1ARFG
3830:59465
3804:98789
3697:Umami
3634:Ramen
3612:Lists
3551:Gyuto
3488:Shiso
3451:Ponzu
3438:Panko
3423:Myoga
3388:Mirin
3383:Menma
3358:Kombu
3312:Fish
3308:Dashi
3222:Yōkan
3195:Arare
3158:Mochi
3153:Manjū
3121:Dango
2814:Bento
2798:]
2655:Nattō
2635:Gyōza
2593:Furai
2577:Okazu
2548:Curry
2543:Anpan
2536:Bread
2470:Salad
2465:Sōmen
2406:Ramen
2373:Zosui
2346:Sushi
2324:Okowa
2250:Curry
2085:9 May
1779:S2CID
1579:borre
1542:čičak
1482:field
1341:is a
1329:pilaf
1286:sushi
1270:mirin
1266:sugar
1119:burrs
1074:larva
1070:roots
1058:Rumex
982:Mill.
465:Rheum
352:burrs
288:genus
286:is a
263:Scop.
260:Lappa
231:Rupr.
220:Anura
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
90:Clade
4040:POWO
4014:PfaF
3983:4216
3978:NCBI
3952:ITIS
3939:IPNI
3903:GRIN
3890:GBIF
3838:EPPO
3817:32BQ
3799:APNI
3603:Zaru
3513:Yuzu
3498:Tofu
3461:Tare
3428:Nori
3393:Miso
3271:Anko
3212:Uirō
3131:Kibi
3053:Boss
2894:Toso
2879:Sake
2763:Soup
2665:Oden
2630:Gari
2494:Hōtō
2477:Udon
2458:Soki
2448:Soba
2272:Kayu
2237:Rice
2165:2021
2139:2022
2113:2013
2087:2008
2074:ISBN
2029:ISBN
2004:PMID
1959:2010
1933:2011
1890:2022
1812:OCLC
1802:ISBN
1771:PMID
1739:2012
1684:2008
1627:2021
1557:rzep
1378:hops
1374:beer
1321:pork
1317:iron
1274:sake
1253:金平牛蒡
1247:gobō
1199:gobō
1166:The
1141:Uses
1110:and
1068:The
820:Lej.
765:Rouy
445:and
255:Juz.
247:Hill
4089:WFO
4068:845
3965:NBN
3908:925
3877:FoC
3851:FNA
3825:EoL
3812:CoL
3456:Soy
3398:MSG
2927:Tea
1994:PMC
1986:doi
1905:doi
1877:doi
1763:doi
1612:L."
1503:).
1438:).
1408:牛蒡子
1372:in
1335:).
1223:통우엉
1050:bur
467:).
290:of
4113::
4091::
4078::
4055::
4042::
4029::
4016::
4003::
3980::
3967::
3954::
3941::
3918::
3905::
3892::
3879::
3866::
3853::
3840::
3827::
3814::
3801::
3776::
3761::
2796:ja
2155:.
2129:.
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