1752:
783:"Anyway, it was a disappointment, the agency, to me, the 18 months or whatever I was in there, because it wasn't, in my mind, an FDA type agency. We were overwhelmed, overtaken at the headquarters level and the field level and the agent level with these other people with different standards, different ways of operating. Not that that was bad, but different credibility, different ethics, and it was more than I could handle. So I'm so lucky that I got out of there with a promotion. I mean, if I got out of there later- ally, I would have been happy."
1411:
251:
517:
803:
760:
209:
651:
598:
354:
370:
274:
306:
258:
338:
322:
290:
386:
440:
32:
775:
While
Giordano's rein on the FBN direction was starting to crumble, and the FBN was targeted by its political rivals, FBN agents began leaving the organization for other agencies. Many of them wound up at BDAC, and eventually began to replace the original FDA BDAC staffs - to the point where many of
726:
In early 1968, Los
Angeles BDAC worked with the LAPD to shut down a clandestine drug laboratory after a local chemist afraid for his life had contacted the LAPD to say that he had been forced to manufacture LSD. Around the same time, the two units managed to shut down an unrelated DMT laboratory and
703:
In
October 1967, the BDAC San Antonio Residence Office shut down a criminal network and a clandestine hallucinogenic laboratory, seizing $ 5,000 worth of LSD, peyote and mescaline. $ 1,000 worth of marijuana and lab equipment was also seized. Incidentally, they also seized a sausage press - the FDA,
495:
One important note about BDAC agents that made them different from all other law enforcement agents: while their primary objective was to investigate dangerous drugs - they were at the same time FDA inspectors, and would sometimes assist normal FDA investigations into substances that were not drugs;
411:
In those cities where there was no BDAC office, like Miami, there were BDAC "agents in residence" - usually just one agent working out of a BDAC Residence Office somewhere in the FDA building. However, in
Seattle, FDA relied heavily on assistance from other federal agencies, to include the narcotics
1695:
747:
left behind by
Anslinger's absence, or to confront the changing cultural perception of narcotics in American society. Additionally, with Anslinger gone, President Johnson felt much more comfortable negotiating with Congress about how to address the new societal perception of narcotics and drugs.
458:
and BDAC here: FBN had jurisdiction over "narcotics" such as marijuana, cocaine, opium, and their derivatives. BDAC had jurisdiction over those other drugs that were considered "dangerous drugs", including LSD and hallucinogenics. Marijuana was not in BDAC's remit or vested enumerated power to
715:
Sheriff's office, and discovered a mobile hallucinogenic drug laboratory built into the back of a milk truck. The patrol officers called Denver BDAC, which arrived on the scene and seized LSD, mescaline, DET, raw chemicals, the equipment to make the drugs, and the truck itself.
459:
pursue, and vise-versa, the FBN did not pursue LSD. However, charges in LSD arrests made by BDAC incidentally sometimes included charges of possession of marijuana. Finlator also wrote that marijuana would often be laced with LSD, confusing the jurisdictional remit.
1664:
451:. BDAC was the FDA's first real venture into managing a major law enforcement organization, where FDA inspectors prior to its inception had never been trained in undercover work, policing tactics, or strict firearms familiarization.
224:
all over the United States to accomplish their mission. Investigations could be initiated and/or closed by either BDAC or local law enforcement. Most BDAC drug seizures were the result of joint investigations with these local units.
483:
The law does not provide for the arrest of persons habituated to these drugs; rather, it is hoped that with the cooperation of local, State, and
Federal agencies such people can be returned to society through suitable treatment and
677:
initiated an investigation with New York BDAC to discover the source of LSD being sold on a university campus. Undercover agents were able to illegally purchase LSD from someone on the campus, and he was arrested on May 3, 1967.
767:
BDAC's culture when it began was very different - instead of treating addicts as criminals, Finlator sought to address the medical causes of addiction alongside his enforcement approach against those criminals he called
1813:
242:
BDAC had 9 regional field offices. Although each of these cities also had FDA district offices, BDAC field offices were not located in the same buildings, and were sometimes located on the other side of town;
454:
BDAC was empowered to pursue investigations related to what were called by
President Johnson "dangerous drugs," but not what were legally defined as "narcotics. There was a differentiation between the
723:
to perform an arrest of a father-son drug dealing operation. The son, who sold methamphetamine to BDAC agents was arrest in Dallas. The father was arrested in Los
Angeles by the LAPD.
1430:
1333:
816:
173:
148:. In the sum total of the two years that BDAC existed, it investigated and closed around 300 criminal cases, seized 43 clandestine drug laboratories, and made over 1,300 arrests.
1808:
772:," and "pushers." Finlator called his approach the "statistical-psychological-educational" approach, and it stood opposed to the FBN approach, which saw drug users as deviants.
477:
The Bureau provides information on the provisions dealing with manufacturing and accountability, so that all members of the industry will understand their responsibilities.
1425:
1400:
527:
After BDAC recruits went through standard FDA inspector training, BDAC agents were transferred to begin their professional training at the School of
Criminology at the
1818:
1365:
1649:
471:
The purpose of this program is to confront every person in a situation susceptible to drug abuse with the consequences of drug experimentation or habituation.
1375:
1360:
1659:
1471:
250:
1390:
1326:
643:
to seize 74 million units of drugs from the lab's headquarters. The company's license was revoked by the state of
Michigan as was its federal narcotics
631:
Later in January, undercover agents from Chicago BDAC were able to illegally purchase 2 million amphetamines from the company Plymouth Laboratories in
1736:
1828:
1370:
788:
500:
residence office - alongside investigating a substantial amount of drugs and shutting down an entire criminal network - investigated and seized a
433:
169:
71:
756:. Anslinger had also seen the creation of a culture at FBN abundant in corruption, performance quotas, and a dismissive attitude toward addicts.
662:
to raid a motorcycle gang. BDAC seized thousands of dollars worth of LSD, amphetamines, barbiturates, marijuana, and hashish - as well as two
1789:
1319:
1230:
172:
until his resignation from the government in 1972. Finlator later became an advocate for decriminalizing marijuana and a founding member of
1435:
1254:
978:
960:
1155:
939:
1027:
1077:
1495:
670:. These agents incidentally solved a New Hampshire missing persons case, discovering a 17 year old runaway girl living with the gang.
528:
504:
press that was producing potentially life-threatening sausage on the same premises. When sausage is pressed improperly, it can create
1440:
1395:
567:
1052:
1823:
753:
168:
on March 7, 1966. Finlator served as the first and only director of the bureau. Finlator later became the Deputy Director of the
447:
The Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (BDAC) was created to address the congressional mandate from the drug abuse amendments in the
605:
In early 1966, undercover agents in the Denver BDAC office were able to illegally purchase more than 11,000 amphetamines from
1677:
1445:
1385:
752:
had been before him and had "dirt" on almost every power player in Washington, and had been the head of his agency since the
636:
606:
579:
401:
101:
465:"The activities of the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control range over a spectrum that can be divided into four general categories;
700:
to shut down a pharmacist who was illegally selling benzedrine capsules to interstate truck drivers without prescriptions.
1729:
1538:
776:
the original BDAC agents decided to leave the BDAC, seeing the culture become eradicated and replaced by the FBN culture.
720:
217:
1528:
1342:
1123:
521:
421:
145:
128:
1380:
455:
429:
448:
1583:
1782:
1654:
1523:
697:
682:
1751:
843:
1722:
659:
86:
708:
1513:
787:
In 1968, at the urging of FDA Commissioner Goddard, President Johnson merged the two agencies to create the
712:
674:
539:
140:
was an American law enforcement agency that investigated the consumption, trafficking, and distribution of
1450:
867:
563:
628:, where a further five individuals were arrested later that month and an additional 96,000 units seized.
1608:
689:
688:
In October 1967, Atlanta BDAC, New York BDAC, and the Miami BDAC Residence Office collaborated with the
640:
617:
360:
1775:
1563:
1102:
808:
693:
635:, which initiated an investigation of the company. On February 1, 1967, Chicago BDAC worked with the
490:
The Bureau makes, or contracts for, studies of the problems and behavioral patterns of drug abusers."
1311:
1078:"Remarks at the Signing of the Drug Abuse Control Amendments Bill | The American Presidency Project"
469:
Providing accurate information for all segments of the population on the hazards of dangerous drugs.
1578:
555:
496:
fish, cheese, vitamins, raw eggs, and so on. This dual function is notable when BDAC agents in the
1558:
1553:
736:
632:
621:
192:
Jack Bologna was the Agent in Charge of the Boston field office and Assistant Director of BDAC.
1694:
589:
All BDAC agents were required to maintain firearms proficiency during throughout their career.
1702:
1543:
1294:"Why the DEA & Not the FDA? Revisiting the Regulation of Potentially Addictive Substances"
1207:
1189:
559:
516:
481:
Making seizures, and instituting criminal prosecution of persons or firms who violate the law.
425:
353:
1759:
1706:
1293:
1613:
1588:
1548:
1483:
1197:
532:
165:
597:
1603:
1518:
898:
759:
749:
505:
1176:
Dhaked, Ram Kumar; Singh, Manglesh Kumar; Singh, Padma; Gupta, Pallavi (November 2010).
1623:
1598:
1593:
1568:
1533:
1202:
1177:
740:
625:
610:
212:
BDAC agents studying the details of an investigation outside of the LA Sheriff's office
208:
1802:
1633:
1618:
1573:
1346:
644:
543:
392:
161:
114:
685:
were in a shootout with a suspect named Ronald F. Okon, killing him in the process.
462:
The director of the bureau wrote in the official FDA first year-end review of BDAC:
439:
1665:
Regulation of food and dietary supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1628:
744:
650:
575:
420:
The Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (BDAC) was formed as a part of the United States
779:
As the Special Agent in Charge of the New York Field office said in a testimony:
663:
497:
385:
376:
369:
1053:"A University Training Program for Agents of the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control"
798:
547:
1193:
620:
to seize 3.25 million amphetamines and barbiturates from John Hill Cooper in
601:
Hallucinogenic lab built into a milk truck in Denver, seized by BDAC agents.
280:
273:
1211:
200:
Kenneth Durrin was the Chief of the Accountability Investigations Branch.
979:"FDA Papers: DRUG ACCOUNTABILITY Under the Drug Abuse Control Amendments"
763:
BDAC agent recruit studies drug identification with a doctor at the FDA.
769:
571:
501:
312:
305:
264:
257:
31:
739:
reached the forced retirement age in 1965, he passed on the torch to
558:. They would attend lectures from visiting outside experts including
344:
337:
328:
321:
296:
289:
221:
681:
In late July 1967, an agent from Chicago BDAC and an officer of the
613:. In January 1967, Tritt was sentenced to a year in federal prison.
667:
649:
551:
515:
654:
BDAC agent attempting an undercover drug purchase in Los Angeles.
899:"Supplemental Financial and Management Information: DEA History"
719:
In early 1968, Dallas BDAC worked with Los Angeles BDAC and the
583:
475:
Encouraging voluntary compliance of the pharmaceutical industry.
141:
1315:
711:
were performing a routine search of a vehicle reported by the
1814:
Defunct federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
1057:
Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology & Police Science
1763:
1710:
817:
List of United States federal law enforcement agencies
508:, and the BDAC agents knew to instantly shut it down.
144:
and controlled substances. BDAC was a Bureau of the
1758:This United States government–related article is a
1642:
1506:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1459:
1418:
1353:
616:In January of 1967, Baltimore BDAC worked with the
531:. The training program was created and overseen by
428:and existed until 1968 when it was merged with the
184:Frederick M. Garfield was Deputy Director of BDAC.
164:was appointed Director of BDAC by FDA Commissioner
124:
107:
97:
92:
82:
77:
67:
59:
51:
46:
38:
24:
727:arrest the young suburban couple running the lab.
16:Former narcotics law enforcement bureau of the FDA
1472:Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
1426:Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
1401:Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy
1298:New York University Journal of Law & Business
538:Agents would be trained in drug identification,
743:. Giordano was not well-equipped to absorb the
704:BDAC's parent agency, regulated sausage meat.
434:Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD)
170:Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD)
1783:
1730:
1650:Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration
1327:
1178:"Botulinum toxin: Bioweapon & magic drug"
8:
1809:History of drug control in the United States
1376:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
1361:Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
1660:History of the Food and Drug Administration
1496:Title 21 of the United States Code (U.S.C.)
658:In April 1967, Boston BDAC worked with the
443:BDAC agents training in martial arts, 1967.
1790:
1776:
1737:
1723:
1463:
1391:National Center for Toxicological Research
1366:Center for Devices and Radiological Health
1334:
1320:
1312:
748:Anslinger was perhaps just as powerful as
1201:
758:
673:In April 1967, the District Attorney of
596:
438:
216:BDAC special agents worked closely with
207:
1819:Government agencies established in 1966
1371:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
828:
789:Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
72:Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
1182:The Indian Journal of Medical Research
624:. This investigation was initiated in
21:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1249:
1247:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1051:Lohman, Joseph D.; Carter, Robert M.
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
593:Major cases in BDAC's brief existence
7:
1748:
1746:
1691:
1689:
1436:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
1240:. September 1, 1967. pp. 28–31.
1103:"DOJ/DEA Drug Fact Sheet: Narcotics"
1046:
1044:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
921:
919:
893:
891:
862:
860:
838:
836:
834:
832:
721:Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD)
1165:. October 30, 1967. pp. 25–27.
977:Durrin, Kenneth (January 1, 1968).
961:"FDA Papers: National Drug Control"
138:Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (BDAC)
1762:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1709:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1264:. January 1, 1968. pp. 29–30.
570:. Agents would then be trained in
529:University of California, Berkeley
422:Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
146:Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
14:
1396:Office of Criminal Investigations
456:Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN)
430:Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN)
1750:
1693:
1409:
1292:El-Sabawi, Taleed (2020-01-01).
1028:"FDA Papers: drug abuse control"
1026:Finlator, John (April 1, 1967).
801:
384:
368:
352:
336:
320:
304:
288:
272:
256:
249:
30:
1110:Drug Enforcement Administration
875:Drug Enforcement Administration
851:Drug Enforcement Administration
731:Clash of cultures: FBN vs. BDAC
592:
412:unit in the Bureau of Customs.
1829:United States government stubs
1678:Commissioner of Food and Drugs
1460:Title 21 regulations and rules
1446:Prescription Drug User Fee Act
1386:Center for Veterinary Medicine
1124:"Linda Drouin bust April 1967"
925:"On this Day. March 7, 2019."
449:Drug Abuse Control Act of 1965
102:Commissioner of Food and Drugs
1:
1441:Food Safety Modernization Act
666:and an unspecified number of
664:25 caliber Beretta automatics
1343:Food and Drug Administration
556:rehabilitation of drug users
520:BDAC agent qualifies with a
129:Food and Drug Administration
25:Bureau of Drug Abuse Control
1381:Center for Tobacco Products
1255:"FDA Papers: field reports"
1231:"FDA Papers: field reports"
1156:"FDA Papers: field reports"
929:. Accessed August 24, 2024.
698:Florida Bureau of Narcotics
426:President Lyndon B. Johnson
235:Drug Studies and Statistics
1845:
1745:
1688:
1101:DOJ, DEA (April 1, 2020).
1673:
1655:FDA Most Wanted Fugitives
1431:Modernization Act of 1997
1407:
683:Chicago Police Department
580:undercover investigations
488:Studying the drug abuser.
29:
660:Boston Police Department
152:Organizational structure
87:United States of America
78:Jurisdictional structure
1824:Government agency stubs
1130:. 1967-04-15. p. 3
1082:www.presidency.ucsb.edu
709:Colorado Highway Patrol
542:, drug accountability,
540:counterfeiting of drugs
424:on February 1, 1966 by
83:Operations jurisdiction
1705:–related article is a
1451:Pure Food and Drug Act
785:
764:
735:When FBN Commissioner
655:
637:United States Marshals
602:
548:psychological theories
535:and Robert M. Carter.
524:
444:
228:BDAC had 3 divisions;
213:
19:Law enforcement agency
1609:Andrew von Eschenbach
1484:Federal Register (FR)
781:
762:
690:New York State Police
653:
641:Michigan State Police
618:Virginia State Police
600:
568:state representatives
519:
442:
211:
93:Operational structure
1564:Alexander M. Schmidt
940:"FDA Papers: quotes"
809:United States portal
694:Florida state police
402:class=notpageimage|
166:Dr. James L. Goddard
1643:Society and culture
1579:Arthur H. Hayes Jr.
1539:Charles W. Crawford
416:Mission and history
1559:Charles C. Edwards
1529:Walter G. Campbell
1467:Administrative law
949:. October 1, 1967.
853:. January 1, 2020.
765:
737:Harry J. Anslinger
707:In late 1967, the
656:
633:Plymouth, Michigan
622:Woodford, Virginia
603:
560:district attorneys
525:
445:
405:BDAC field offices
222:police departments
214:
188:Assistant Director
68:Superseding agency
1771:
1770:
1718:
1717:
1703:government agency
1686:
1685:
1544:George P. Larrick
1524:Charles A. Browne
1502:
1501:
966:. pp. 32–34.
844:"The Early Years"
609:Varrian Tritt in
584:criminal networks
552:criminal behavior
134:
133:
1836:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1697:
1690:
1614:Margaret Hamburg
1589:David A. Kessler
1549:James L. Goddard
1464:
1413:
1412:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1289:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1128:The Boston Globe
1120:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1023:
990:
989:
983:
974:
968:
967:
965:
957:
951:
950:
944:
936:
930:
923:
914:
913:
911:
909:
895:
886:
885:
883:
881:
872:
864:
855:
854:
848:
840:
811:
806:
805:
804:
533:Joseph D. Lohman
512:Training program
388:
372:
356:
340:
324:
308:
292:
276:
260:
253:
108:Agency executive
55:February 1, 1966
34:
22:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1744:
1743:
1687:
1682:
1669:
1638:
1604:Lester Crawford
1519:Carl L. Alsberg
1514:Harvey W. Wiley
1498:
1486:
1479:Federal journal
1474:
1455:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1349:
1340:
1310:
1309:
1291:
1290:
1269:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1030:
1025:
1024:
993:
981:
976:
975:
971:
963:
959:
958:
954:
942:
938:
937:
933:
924:
917:
907:
905:
897:
896:
889:
879:
877:
870:
868:"The DEA Years"
866:
865:
858:
846:
842:
841:
830:
825:
807:
802:
800:
797:
754:Prohibition era
750:J. Edgar Hoover
733:
595:
522:Colt 38 special
514:
493:
484:rehabilitation.
418:
409:
408:
407:
406:
404:
398:
397:
396:
395:
389:
381:
380:
379:
373:
365:
364:
363:
357:
349:
348:
347:
341:
333:
332:
331:
325:
317:
316:
315:
309:
301:
300:
299:
293:
285:
284:
283:
277:
269:
268:
267:
261:
232:Case Assistance
206:
198:
190:
182:
180:Deputy Director
159:
154:
120:
47:Agency overview
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1698:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Scott Gottlieb
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Mark McClellan
1596:
1594:Jane E. Henney
1591:
1586:
1584:Frank E. Young
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Donald Kennedy
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Herbert L. Ley
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Paul B. Dunbar
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1267:
1243:
1217:
1188:(5): 489–503.
1168:
1140:
1115:
1093:
1069:
1040:
991:
969:
952:
931:
915:
887:
856:
827:
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1764:expanding it
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1629:Stephen Hahn
1301:
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1171:
1162:
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1127:
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1081:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1034:
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906:. Retrieved
902:
878:. Retrieved
874:
850:
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745:power vacuum
734:
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576:martial arts
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432:to form the
419:
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227:
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183:
160:
137:
135:
39:Abbreviation
1491:Federal law
903:OJG Justice
498:San Antonio
377:Los Angeles
361:Kansas City
98:Overseen by
1803:Categories
1419:Major acts
1262:quackwatch
1238:quackwatch
1163:quackwatch
1134:2024-08-25
1087:2024-08-26
1062:August 24,
1035:quackwatch
986:quackwatch
947:quackwatch
927:DEA Museum
908:August 25,
880:August 23,
823:References
696:, and the
117:, Director
1354:Divisions
1194:0971-5916
645:tax stamp
281:Baltimore
60:Dissolved
1212:21149997
795:See also
770:peddlers
639:and the
572:firearms
393:New York
157:Director
1345:of the
1203:3028942
564:federal
502:sausage
313:Chicago
265:Atlanta
204:Offices
1304:: 317.
1210:
1200:
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692:, the
668:knives
582:, and
554:, and
544:social
345:Denver
329:Dallas
297:Boston
196:Chiefs
52:Formed
1701:This
1258:(PDF)
1234:(PDF)
1159:(PDF)
1106:(PDF)
1031:(PDF)
982:(PDF)
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871:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
174:NORML
142:drugs
1760:stub
1707:stub
1208:PMID
1190:ISSN
1064:2024
910:2024
882:2024
607:D.O.
566:and
562:and
546:and
220:and
136:The
42:BDAC
1198:PMC
1186:132
550:of
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