38:
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130:, or Transvaal (1852–1902), gave burgher rights to white males only and explicitly barred their extension to "persons of colour". A bill passed in the Transvaal in 1858 permitted "no equality between the white and coloured inhabitants, neither in Church nor in State". Burghers were "citizen-soldiers" who, between the ages of 16 and 60, were obliged to serve without pay in the republic's
157:
and their environs in the 1870s and 1880s, white immigrants of mostly
British stock began moving to the region in large numbers. The Boers referred to these people as
227:
were unveiled in 1979 in memory of the 781 Burghers who died during the Second Boer War. The memorial contains the remains of 310 burghers who died during battles in
92:. Free burgher status included privileges such as land ownership and making use of the land to farm and supply produce to the Company usually at fixed rates.
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88:(VOC) several servants were issued with free papers in 1657 relieving them from their service to the Company. These people were referred to as the
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people (those of mixed ancestry and who were mostly servants) had some rights regarding property but they were not burghers. The
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134:, providing their own horse and rifle, 30 rounds of ammunition and their own rations for the first ten days. Most of them were
118:
The rights to political representation and the ownership of property were collectively referred to as "burgher rights". In the
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was unwilling to grant these, surmising that the sheer number of uitlanders might imperil the republic's independence. The
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161:("out landers"). The uitlanders demanded full burgher rights in the Transvaal, but the local government under President
37:
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refers to a non-slave or serf citizen of a town or city, typically a member of the wealth bourgeoisie. (See also
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in 1852. Typically a citizen of the Orange Free State would be referred to as a 'Burgher of the Free State'.
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185:, the brigade was strengthened by volunteers traveling from Ireland via Delagoa Bay into South Africa.
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The free burghers who settled permanently in the Cape area brought about the inception of the
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122:(1854–1902), the constitution restricted burgher rights to white male residents only. The
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Diamonds, Gold, and War: The
British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa
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177:. These volunteers were given full citizenship and became Burghers of the
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54:
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citizen. Burgher rights were restricted to white men, in particular
455:. Essential Histories (First ed.). Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
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204:, the Free State and the Transvaal were annexed by Britain as the
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of 1899–1902. Following the
British victory in the latter and the
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84:. After the establishment of the settlement at the Cape by the
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The uitlander problem and the associated tensions between the
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In South Africa, the word has its origins from the term
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and initially consisted of
Irishmen who worked in the
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Following the discovery of diamonds and gold in the
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169:was established days before the outbreak of the
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41:Boers in Battle (Burghers Slaags), c.1899-1902
8:
111:eventually led to the establishment of the
99:who migrated further into the interior of
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373:"Ierland en die Boere: 1880 tot 1935"
292:"A Burgher of the Free State - notes"
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528:Colour and Culture in South Africa
475:President Paul Kruger: A Biography
427:Battlefields Route - Kwazulu-Natal
14:
556:Political history of South Africa
103:. Several expansions such as the
451:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2003).
49:of 19th century South Africa, a
196:of 1895–96 and ultimately the
1:
375:. 24 May 2016. Archived from
246:List of years in South Africa
507:(First ed.). New York:
400:, pp. 184–190, 218–231.
526:Patterson, Sheila (2002) .
219:Wagon Hill Burgher Memorial
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477:(First ed.). London:
223:The Burgher Memorial near
181:. Under the leadership of
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15:
86:Dutch East India Company
22:Burgher (Church history)
16:Not to be confused with
453:The Boer War, 1899–1902
241:History of South Africa
192:and Britain led to the
167:Irish Transvaal Brigade
65:Terminology and origins
566:South African Republic
423:"The Burgher Monument"
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190:South African Republic
128:South African Republic
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530:. London: Routledge.
218:
202:Treaty of Vereeniging
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362:, pp. 294–296.
338:, pp. 159–160.
324:Fremont-Barnes 2003
251:White South African
206:Orange River Colony
471:Meintjes, Johannes
221:
43:
561:Orange Free State
537:978-0-415-17621-7
488:978-0-304-29423-7
462:978-1-84176-396-5
350:, pp. 72–75.
326:, pp. 26–27.
314:, pp. 40–41.
120:Orange Free State
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430:. Retrieved
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381:. Retrieved
377:the original
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101:South Africa
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55:enfranchised
53:was a fully
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163:Paul Kruger
550:Categories
257:References
159:uitlanders
146:See also:
109:Great trek
225:Ladysmith
148:Uitlander
132:commandos
105:Trekboers
499:(2007).
473:(1974).
432:16 March
383:28 April
235:See also
124:coloured
107:and the
479:Cassell
142:History
71:Burgher
51:burgher
45:In the
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262:Notes
229:Natal
136:Boers
97:Boers
59:Boers
28:, or
532:ISBN
513:ISBN
483:ISBN
457:ISBN
434:2021
385:2019
208:and
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32:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
