Burke and Wills expedition - Knowledge (XXG)

1755: 1007: 509: 888: 1175: 1095:) and both are estimated to be at least 250 years old. One tree has two blazes on it; one denoting the date of arrival and the date of departure "DEC-6-60" carved over "APR-21-61" and the other showing the initial "B" (for Burke) carved over the Roman numerals for (camp) 65; "B" over "LXV". The date blaze has grown closed and only the camp number blaze remains visible today. On an adjacent smaller tree, Brahe carved the instruction to "DIG". The exact inscription is not known, but is variously recalled to be "DIG", "DIG under", "DIG 3 FT N.W.", "DIG 3FT N.E." or "DIG 21 APR 61". 692: 1111: 930: 1654:

why had he really delayed? Was it only because he wanted to make sure of his salary? Was it because he did not want to leave his wife and family and the comforts of the settled districts? Was it merely that he was stupid, lazy and indifferent: a man too mean-spirited to think of anyone but himself? Or was it just possible that he was the victim of that same fated chain of errors that had bedevilled the expedition from the beginning? These were questions that would never be fully answered.

834: 1033: 715:. Burke also dismissed several members of the expedition here, including the foreman Charles Ferguson, citing lack of funds. Ferguson later successfully sued for unfair dismissal. At Gambala on 24 September, Burke decided to load some of the provisions onto the camels for the first time, and to lessen the burden on the horses he ordered the men to walk. He also ordered that personal luggage be restricted to 30 lb (14 kg). 1607:. Howitt and his party left Melbourne on 9 December. After a long stay in Menindee and again at Mount Murchison, the expedition arrived at Cooper Creek on 25 February 1862, camping at Cullyamurra waterhole. From there Howitt undertook numerous exploratory trips into the surrounding area. On 13 April, Wills' remains were exhumed, and in September 1862, Burke's bones were retrieved from the grave that Howitt had dug a year earlier. 1899: 1252:

and fired over their heads after he felt threatened by their approach. Burke then went up to another group who had arrived with nets full of fish. He knocked the nets out of their hands and ordered King to fire over them. They ran away and Burke collected the fish left behind. While cooking this fish, Burke accidentally set fire to the gunyah they were in, destroying most of their remaining belongings except for Burke's

998:. While the possibility that Burke killed Gray has been discounted, the severity of the beating Burke gave has been widely debated. The three surviving men stopped for a day to bury Gray, and to recover their strength – they were by this stage very weak from hunger and exhaustion. They finally reached Cooper Creek on 21 April, only to find that the depot in charge of Brahe had been abandoned several hours earlier. 40: 1891: 1047: 652: 1662:. Bergin, who recreated the original journey from Cooper Creek to the Gulf of Carpentaria with camels in 1978, showed that a lack of money and too few pack animals to carry supplies meant Wright was placed in an unenviable position. His requests to the Exploration Committee were not acted on until early January, by which time the hot weather and lack of water meant that the party moved extremely slowly. 1387: 228: 1974: 1351:, Howitt met Brahe, who was returning from Cooper Creek. As Brahe did not have knowledge of Burke's whereabouts, Howitt decided a much larger expedition would be required to find the missing party. Leaving three of his men at the river, Howitt returned to Melbourne with Brahe to update the Exploration Committee. On 30 June, the expanded expedition left to follow Burke's trail. 301: 1546:, killing twelve in the fight that ensued. On 25 November, they found traces of Burke's track near the Bynoe River and followed them close to Camp 119 but lost the trail from there. On 1 December they had another encounter with a large group of Aborigines, whom they charged and inflicted a heavy loss upon. On 7 December, Walker met up with Commander Norman of 1269: 1162:, and the Cooper Creek depot was again deserted. Burke and Wills were 35 miles (56 km) away by this point. As the mark and date on the tree were unaltered, Brahe and Wright assumed that Burke had not returned, and did not think to check whether the supplies were still buried. They left to rejoin the main party and return to Menindee. 1568:

had left to the south. In vengeance, the Aborigines had cut off some of the dead man's muscle, cooked it and ate it. McKinlay assumed that the dead man was a member of the Burke expedition until he received news a few weeks later that Howitt had found King and the bodies of Burke and Wills. Some sources claim the man to have been Gray.

1680: 1194:

near Mount Hopeless. This would mean travelling southwest through the desert for 240 kilometres (150 mi). They wrote a letter explaining their intentions and reburied it in the cache under the marked tree in case a rescue party visited the area. Unfortunately, they did not change the mark on the

798:

man. Wright was appointed third-in-command and travel was relatively easy because recent rain made water abundant, and the unusually mild weather temperatures exceeded 90 °F (32 °C) only twice. Wright and Barkinji had also travelled the same way near to Cooper Creek a few months beforehand.

1567:

on Cooper Creek. It was ascertained that this man was part of a group of three and was killed during a conflict with local Aborigines probably many months previously. Several Aborigines had also been killed, and some of the survivors showed McKinlay their bullet wounds. The dead man's two associates

1501:

in November, Landsborough's Queensland Relief Expedition searched the north coast for the missing expedition. The party proceeded south and, while they found no trace of Burke's party, they continued all the way to Melbourne arriving in August 1862. This was the first European expedition to traverse

1283:

Wills' last entry in his journal was on 29 June, when King and Burke had decided to leave him to look for an Aboriginal camp. Wills had become too weak to continue. At his own insistence he was left behind at Breerily waterhole with some food, water and shelter. Burke and King continued upstream for

1251:

While Wills was away, Burke and King had also been well cared for by another group of Yandruwandha. However, when one of them took Burke's oilcloth after giving him some fish, Burke ran after him and shot over his head. King had also lined some Yandruwandha up outside the gunyah they were staying in

1243:

to chew. Some Yandruwandha even stayed attentive to their fire at night so the explorers wouldn't get cold. However, by 10 May these Yandruwandha moved elsewhere, forcing the three men to fend for themselves. They were unable to locate other Aboriginal camps and had to make do for the next two weeks

814:. At Torowotto, Wright, Barkinji and the other Aboriginal guide were sent back to Menindee to bring up the remainder of the men and supplies, while Burke's party continued on to Cooper Creek. Aborigines living at Torowotto told them they would meet with opposition from the inhabitants further north. 98:

rains, and when Burke's party reached the depot at Cooper Creek, they found it had been abandoned just hours earlier. Burke and Wills died on or about 30 June 1861. Several relief expeditions were sent out, all contributing new geographical findings. Altogether, seven men died, and only one man, the

1910:

with the remains of Burke and Wills in a small wooden box, arriving at Hobson's Bay on 28 December 1862. The box was taken to the hall of the RSV, and a coffining ceremony was held on 31 December. This ceremony was delayed because Macadam, who held the only key to the box, arrived late. A locksmith

1653:

There was no basis here for criminal proceedings against Wright, but he had been publicly condemned as the man on whom the guilt chiefly lay, and that was a reputation that he was unlikely ever to live down. He retired to obscurity in Adelaide, leaving behind him still a slight, persistent mystery:

1247:

At the end of May 1861, Burke ordered Wills to return to the "Dig Tree" to deposit some items for safekeeping. During this trip, Wills met with two more Yandruwandha clans who offered their hospitality to him. For about a week, Wills lived with them, sharing a gunyah with a man named Poko Tinnamira

1877:

The Commission found that Burke "evinced far greater amount of zeal than prudence in finally departing from Cooper's Creek before the depot party had arrived from Menindie", found the conduct of Mr Wright "to have been reprehensible" and had some sympathy for Brahe, upon whom "a responsibility far

1720:

in accordance with Aboriginal food preparation methods, as the food was a staple among the local people. It has been argued that Burke's party did not first process the food into a paste, which might have prevented the ill effects they suffered. Despite eating, the men got weaker and weaker. Wills

1346:

After six months without receiving word from the Burke and Wills expedition, the media began questioning its whereabouts. Public pressure for answers increased and on 13 June 1861, the Exploration Committee agreed to send a search party to find the expedition and, if necessary, offer them support.

1259:

On 6 June, Wills had returned to Burke and King. They spent the following days trying to find another Aboriginal camp, but unsurprisingly the Yandruwandha had cleared out from the area. Over the next few weeks, the three men subsisted on leftover camel meat and nardoo they prepared themselves. The

1020:

Burke had asked Brahe and the depot party to remain at the camp on the Cooper for thirteen weeks. The party had actually waited for eighteen weeks and was running low on supplies and starting to feel the effects of scurvy; they had come to believe that Burke would never return from the Gulf. After

675:

to be collected on the way. However, Burke declined his offer, possibly because Cadell had opposed Burke's appointment as leader of the expedition. Instead, all of the supplies were loaded onto six wagons. One wagon broke down before it had even left Royal Park and by midnight of the first day the

1290:

After the deaths of Burke and Wills, King found a two-week supply of nardoo flour at an abandoned Aboriginal camp. He then came across a group of Yandruwandha willing to give him food and shelter, and in return he shot birds to contribute to their supplies. He became more closely united with this

920:

men pointed them in the best direction. It is assumed that on 11 February 1861 they may have reached or viewed the shores of the Gulf, but there is no documentary evidence of this. By this stage, they were desperately short of supplies. They had food left for twenty-seven days, but it had already

915:

delta, which Wills had noticed to be salty and tidal. Knowing that the sea must be close, but with the ground being boggy, Burke and Wills decided to leave the camels behind with King and Gray at Camp 119 and set off through the swamps to the coast. They followed a path which led to an Aboriginal

332:

The Committee is fully aware of the difficulty of the Country you are called on to traverse and in giving you these instructions has placed these routes before you more as an indication of what it has been deemed desirable to have accomplished than as indicating an exact course for you to pursue.

1354:

On 8 September, the party reached Cooper Creek, on 11 September the "Dig Tree", and four days later the two Aboriginal members of the party, Sandy and Frank, brought news to Howitt that King had been found, living with the Yandruwandha. Over the next week, Howitt located the remains of Burke and

1157:

On 29 April, Brahe's group arrived at the Bulloo River after abandoning Camp 65 eight days previously. They united with Wright's group and started to head back to Menindee to try and save their remaining men. However, Wright and Brahe decided to make one last quick excursion to Camp 65 to see if

1133:

Meanwhile, the mission led by Wright to bring the supplies and men up to Camp 65 was having terrible problems. Wright's group had only departed Menindee at the end of January 1861 and made very slow progress due to hot weather and a lack of water availability. They arrived at the Bulloo River in

1170:

Burke, Wills and King arrived at Camp 65 in the evening of Sunday, 21 April 1861, finding the Cooper Creek depot deserted after Brahe's group had left earlier that day. They found the "Dig Tree" and dug up the cache of supplies together with Brahe's letter explaining that the party had given up

1284:

another two days until Burke became too weak to continue. He died the following morning at a place called Yaenimemgi, his pistol loaded and capped in his hand. King stayed with his body for two days and then returned downstream to Breerily waterhole, where he found that Wills had died as well.

308:

The Exploration Committee gave Burke written instructions. These included suggestions for the expedition's route, but also gave Burke discretion depending on conditions and barriers he might encounter. The instructions were signed by the Honorary Secretary Dr John Macadam and in part advised:

1571:

The same group of Aborigines later became angry at McKinlay's party, surrounding and shouting at them. McKinlay ordered his men to fire several rounds at them, with many feeling the effects. The Aborigines retreated to the lake, where McKinlay's men fired at them some more, dispersing them

994:), Gray was caught stealing skilligolee (a type of watery porridge) and Burke beat him. By 8 April, Gray could not walk; he died on 17 April of dysentery at a place they called Polygonum Swamp. The location of his death is unknown, although it is generally believed to be Lake Massacre in 1621:

commissioned by the Exploration Committee to the Yandruwandha people in appreciation of the assistance they had given to Burke, Wills and King. Breastplates were often issued to Aboriginal people for faithful service to the colonists. One of these plates is in the collection of the

1189:

Burke's party rested at Camp 65 for two days, living off the supplies left in the cache. Wills and King wanted to follow their outward track back to Menindee, but Burke overruled them and decided to attempt to reach the furthest outpost of pastoral settlement in South Australia, a

214: 878:

there was very little shade to be found. Brahe was ordered by Burke to wait for three months; however, the more conservative Wills had reviewed the maps and developed a more realistic view of the task ahead, and secretly instructed Brahe to wait for four months.

177:, and then Europe. There was fierce competition between the colonies over the hypothetical route, with governments recognising the economic benefits that would result from becoming the centre of the telegraph network. A number of routes were considered including 1098:

Initially the tree with the Date and Camp Number blaze was known as "Brahe's Tree" or the "Depot Tree", and the tree under which Burke died attracted most attention and interest. However, the tree at Camp 65 became known as the "Dig Tree" from at least 1912.

523:

The Burke and Wills expedition set off from Royal Park at about 4pm on 20 August 1860, watched by around 15,000 spectators. The nineteen men of the expedition included six Irishmen, five Englishmen, three Germans, an American, and four camel drivers from

1248:

and learning some of their language. He became friends with another man called Pitchery, and was supplied with ample water and food. They even de-boned the fish for him before he ate it. By 5 June, Wills left this group to reunite with Burke and King.

4483: 861:

It was thought that Burke would wait at Cooper Creek until autumn (March the next year) so that they would avoid having to travel during the hot Australian summer. However, Burke waited only until 16 December before deciding to make a dash for the

853:

to the north of this camp, Wills lost three camels and had to walk back to the depot. A plague of rats forced the men to move camp, so they formed a second depot further downstream at a waterhole. This was Camp LXV (Camp 65), where they erected a

4260:, 1861. "The Burke and Wills exploring expedition: An account of the crossing the continent of Australia from Cooper Creek to Carpentaria, with biographical sketches of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills." Melbourne: Wilson and Mackinnon. 485:. The Victorian government appointed George James Landells to purchase twenty-four camels in India for use in desert exploration. The animals arrived in Melbourne in June 1860, and the Exploration Committee purchased an additional six from 1878:

beyond his expectations devolved upon him". The Commission judged that in leaving the depot before Burke returned or further relief had arrived was regrettable, but that Brahe had "acted from a conscientious desire to discharge his duty."

1021:

one of the men at the depot, Patton, had injured his leg from being thrown off a horse, Brahe decided to return to Menindee. Before leaving he buried some provisions in case Burke did return, carving a message on a tree to mark the spot.

1921:, but it was decided this would be impractical because of the expected crowds and the difficulty of moving the coffins into the church from the grand mourning vehicle. It was agreed that a service at the cemetery would be appropriate. 774:

Burke therefore split the group, taking fifteen horses, sixteen camels and the seven fittest men; Wills, Brahe, Patton, McDonough, King, Gray and Dost Mahomet. He also reduced the amount of equipment, with plans to push on quickly to

3704: 1641:

Patton, necessitating the Brahe party's departure for Menindee that morning. Patton was to die from complications six weeks later. Burke and Wills discussed catching up with them, but they were too exhausted and decided to wait.

869:

Burke, Wills, King and Gray set off for the Gulf with six camels, one horse and enough food for just three months. By now it was mid-summer and the daily temperature often reached 122 °F (50 °C) in the shade, and in the

90:

at the beginning of summer. The expedition established a depot camp at Cooper Creek, and Burke, Wills and two other men pushed on to the north coast (although dense swampland stopped them from reaching the northern coastline).

2060:

was linked to a proposed film about the expedition written by Ralph Peterson. It was never made. In the 1960s, William Sterling attempted to make a feature film about the expedition that resulted in the short documentary

1370:

Although King was found in a pitiful condition, he recovered rapidly to complete the two-month trip back to Melbourne. He died eleven years later, aged 33, never having fully recovered his health. He is buried in the

1873:

The Commission was convened on 18 November 1861, and the results of their investigations were presented to both houses of the colonial parliament. It was laid on the table of the Legislative Council on 4 March 1862.

1852:

William John Wills, the official date of death adopted by the Exploration Committee was Wednesday, 28 June 1861, but Wills probably died around Friday, 30 June or Saturday, 1 July 1861 at Breerily Waterhole, Cooper

1614:. Howitt and the expedition's doctor continued on to Adelaide while the rest of the party followed three days later by train. Burke's and Wills' remains were then taken to Melbourne, arriving on 29 December 1862. 1260:

weather became rainy and cold, and they had little to protect themselves from exposure to the elements. Wills recorded that the nardoo agreed with King more, while he and Burke were starving and feeling the cold.

825:, which was also known as Wright's Creek. At the Bulloo, they encountered around 120 Aboriginal residents and at times used their pathways to make their way to Cooper Creek, which they arrived at on 11 November. 1881:

Subsequent historians have posited that the commissioners were compromised by their close relationships with members of the RSV and failed to question them with the same zeal that was applied to men like Brahe.

1754: 1729:

for something to turn up, but starvation on nardoo is by no means unpleasant, but for the weakness one feels, and the utter inability to move oneself, for as the appetite is concerned, it gives me the greatest

1145:, Charles Stone and William Purcell, died. Toward the end of the month, a large group of Galali tried to take down the stockade, with Wright's group firing upon and dispersing them. A member of Wright's party, 1767:

11 November 1860. Burke, Wills, King, Gray, Brahe, Mahomet, Patton and McDonough made their first camp on what they thought was Cooper Creek, but which was actually the Wilson River. This was Camp LVII (Camp

1562:

chose John McKinlay to lead the South Australian Burke Relief Expedition, which left Adelaide on 16 August 1861. On 21 October the grave of a European man was found at Lake Kadhi-baeri, about 100km north of

902:

The journey north to the Gulf of Carpentaria went smoothly, with recent rains making water easy to find and the Aborigines, contrary to expectations, being peaceful. Around 2 February 1861, the group formed

770:

had taken up the challenge. Burke was concerned Stuart might beat him to the north coast and he soon grew impatient with the expedition's slow progress, often averaging only 2 mi (3.2 km) an hour.

291:

Rather than take cattle to be slaughtered during the trip, the Exploration Committee decided to experiment with dried meat. The weight required three extra wagons and slowed the expedition down appreciably.

1287:

The exact dates on which Burke and Wills died are unknown, and different dates are given on various memorials in Victoria. The Exploration Committee fixed 28 June 1861 as the date both explorers died.

2948:"Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into and report upon the circumstances connected with the sufferings and death of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills, the Victorian explorers" 1665:

Burke's abrasive personality, poor decision making and hostile behaviour to some of his fellow expeditioners and to local Aborigines has also been pointed out as contributing factors to the disaster.

1198:

After leaving the "Dig Tree", Burke's party rarely travelled more than 5 mi (8.0 km) a day, mostly following paths used by the local Aboriginal residents. The region was well populated with

4515:

Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into and report upon the circumstances connected with the sufferings and death of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills, the Victorian Explorers.

3763:

Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into and report upon the circumstances connected with the sufferings and death of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills, the Victorian explorers

1856:

Robert O'Hara Burke, the official date of death adopted by the Exploration Committee was Wednesday, 28 June 1861, but Burke probably died on Saturday, 1 July 1861 at Burke's Waterhole, Cooper Creek.

2230: 1583:

still there. By 20 May 1862, McKinlay was around five miles (8 km) from the shore of the gulf, but the intervening country was found to be impassable and he decided to turn east and make for

1742:. Evidence to this effect is further provided by King's account, which revealed that Burke complained of leg and back pain shortly before his death. However, other research suggests that scurvy ( 321:

route on the west and Gregory's down the Victoria on the east….. should you determine the impracticability of this route you are desired to turn westward into the country recently discovered by

1591:, and after resting a few days the expedition reached Port Denison. The party then returned by sea to Adelaide. McKinlay received a grant of £1000 from the government and a gold watch from the 1138:, who had made several 'ingeniously constructed fishing dams' nearby. The Galali made demonstrations for Wright's group to get off their campsite, and Wright built a stockade for protection. 2472: 1235:

Over the next few days, the party encountered several Yandruwandha communities who gave them a variety of cooked foods, including fish, nardoo, native rats and padlu. They were also given

241:

with the aim of investigating the practicability of fitting out an expedition of the Australian interior. While interest in inland exploration was strong in the neighbouring colonies of

1367:

handkerchiefs to the Yandruwandha for their kind treatment toward Burke, Wills and King. Tchukulow, Mungalee and the woman Carrawaw were some of the main people acknowledged by Howitt.

965:

was reduced. One of these locations, Return Camp 32, was relocated in 1994; the Burke and Wills Historical Society mounted an expedition to verify the discovery of camel bones in 2005.

1965:

At 8pm that evening there was a public meeting at St George's Hall, where Macadam addressed the crowd, and acknowledged the contributions of Ambrose Kyte, Howitt and Commander Norman.

3576: 1291:

clan after he attempted to heal a skin sore on a woman named Carrawaw, and lived with them for around a month until he was found on 15 September by the rescue expedition led by

2737: 2498: 2388: 746:

did the journey in little more than a week. By this time two of the expedition's five officers had resigned, thirteen members had been fired and eight new men had been hired.

280:

was recommended as surveyor, navigator and third-in-command. Burke made for an unusual choice as he had no experience in exploration; he was an Irish-born ex-officer with the

2552:"Instructions issued to Robert O'Hara Burke, Leader of the Victorian Exploration Expedition. Signed John MaCadam, Secretary, Exploration Committee and dated, 18 August, 1860" 1171:

waiting and left. Burke's party had missed them by only nine hours. The three men and two remaining camels were exhausted; they had no hope of catching up to Brahe's party.

680:, on the edge of Melbourne. There, two more wagons broke down. Heavy rains and bad roads made travelling through Victoria difficult and time-consuming. The party arrived at 3405:

Exploration expedition: letter from Commander Norman reporting the return of the "Victoria" from the Gulf of Carpentaria : together with reports and correspondence.

636:

The expedition took a large amount of equipment, including enough food to last two years, a cedar-topped oak camp table with two chairs, pocket charcoal water filters,

78:

The expedition left Melbourne in winter. Very bad weather, poor roads and broken-down horse wagons meant they made slow progress at first. After dividing the party at

288:. Wills was more adept than Burke at living in the wilderness, but it was Burke's leadership skills (or lack thereof) that was especially detrimental to the mission. 4514: 3761: 2947: 2052: 1542:

Corps, started from Rockhampton on 7 September 1861 with the goal of reaching the Gulf of Carpentaria. On 30 October, they came across a group of Aborigines at the

387: 142:

The influx of educated gold seekers from England, Ireland and Germany led to rapid growth of schools, churches, learned societies, libraries and art galleries. The

1303:

In 1861, five expeditions were sent out to search for Burke and Wills; two commissioned by the Exploration Committee, one by the Victorian government, one by the

508: 4661: 1610:

For the next six months, Howitt explored the Australian interior before deciding in November to return to the settled areas. On 8 December the party arrived in

1006: 3529: 1195:

tree or alter the date. On 23 April they set off, following Cooper Creek downstream and then heading out into the Strzelecki Desert towards Mount Hopeless.

1331: 393: 71:

in the north, a distance of around 3,250 kilometres (approximately 2,000 miles). At that time most of the inland of Australia had not been explored by non-

1997:. More importantly, each of the rescue parties sent from different parts of the continent added in some way to the understanding of the land it crossed. 1865:

The Victorian government held a Commission of Enquiry into the deaths of Burke and Wills. Howitt was sent back to Cooper Creek to recover their bodies.

1232:, later collapsed on 7 May. Without pack animals, it became impossible for Burke, Wills and King to leave Cooper Creek and cross the Strzelecki Desert. 887: 1943:

The state funeral of Burke and Wills was held on 21 January 1863. It was an elaborate affair, with the funeral car modelled on the design used for the

921:

taken them fifty-nine days to travel from Cooper Creek. Burke and Wills rejoined the others at Camp 119 and started the return journey on 13 February.

818: 4570: 1944: 3503: 1174: 779:(then known as Cooper's Creek) and then wait for the others left behind at Menindee to catch up. They departed Menindee on 19 October, guided by a 2580: 2468: 202: 272:, both men were consistently outvoted. Several people were considered for the post of leader and the RSV held a range of meetings in early 1860. 4590:

The diary written by Wills while at the Cooper from 23 April 1861 to 28 June 1861, which is held at the National Library of Australia, Canberra.

4546:

A comprehensive online digital archive containing transcripts of many of the historical documents relating to the Burke & Wills Expedition.

1947:

ten years earlier. It was estimated that 40,000 people lined the streets of Melbourne. Many had travelled from rural Victoria, especially the

949:

was abandoned on 4 March when it was unable to continue. Three other camels were shot and eaten along the way and they shot their only horse,

4503: 3167: 2982: 2667: 2534: 2429: 1426:

transported the Queensland party led by William Landsborough, along with thirty horses. The two ships sailed for the Gulf on 24 August 1861.

500:. Twenty-six camels were taken on the expedition, with six (two females with their two young calves and two males) being left in Royal Park. 1634:

Fairly or unfairly, blame for the deaths of Burke and Wills have been focused on three individuals, namely Brahe, Wright and Burke himself.

849:

in 1858. Burke's party arrived at the Cooper on 11 November and they formed a depot at Camp LXIII (Camp 63). While conducting a ninety-mile

3573: 718:

At Bilbarka on the Darling, Burke and his second-in-command, Landells, argued after Burke decided to dump the 60 gallons (≈270 litres) of

1645:

Wright's delay at Menindee and at the Bulloo River subsequently resulted in his being blamed for the deaths of Burke and Wills. In 1963,

1326:'s Queensland Relief Expedition. The other expeditions went overland, with Howitt's Victorian Contingent Party departing from Melbourne, 4646: 4049: 3553: 1603:

In late 1861, Howitt was tasked with returning to Cooper Creek, exhuming Burke and Wills' remains and returning them to Melbourne for a

253:

of the RSV failed to generate much interest and it wasn't until 1860 that sufficient money was raised and the expedition was assembled.

3734: 2720: 2416: 1559: 1538:

Frederick Walker led the Victorian Relief Expedition. The party, consisting of twelve mounted men, seven of them ex-troopers from the

1057: 162: 4609: 4458: 4012: 2741: 2494: 2384: 4666: 4473: 4444: 4391: 4376: 4360: 4341: 4317: 4302: 4287: 4272: 4136: 3966: 3712: 2326: 1911:

was called but before he could pick the lock Dr Macadam, blaming his own distress for his lateness, finally arrived with the key.

1626:. The inscription on the plate states that it was presented "for the Humanity shewn to the Explorers Burke, Wills and King 1861". 1359:

with him from Melbourne to release when Burke and Wills had been found. On releasing these pigeons one was immediately eaten by a

4617: 1159: 1102:

In 1899, John Dick carved a likeness of Burke's face in a nearby tree along with his initials, his wife's initials and the date.

896: 313:"The object of the Committee in directing you to Coopers Creek is that you should explore the country intervening between it and 1502:

mainland Australia from northern to southern coast. Landsborough named various geographical entities along the way, such as the

4681: 1489:

was manoeuvred up the Albert River some 20 mi (32 km) to a suitable place to transfer the horses and stores to land.

1471:, which had also been chartered by the Victorian government as support. They established a land base on Sweers, after visiting 1146: 1114: 3785: 3006: 1993:

In some ways the tragic expedition was not a waste. It completed the picture of inland Australia and proved that there was no

4676: 3900: 2421: 841:

In 1860, Cooper Creek was the outer limit of the land that had been explored by Europeans, the river having been visited by

245:

and South Australia, in Victoria enthusiasm was limited. Even the anonymous donation of £1,000 (later discovered to be from

2278: 1141:

For the rest of April, Wright was stuck at the lagoon, unable to move due to his sick men. Eventually three of the men, Dr

711:

on 15 September. There, to lighten the load, the expedition left behind their sugar, lime juice and some of their guns and

189:, or Java to the north coast of Australia and then either onto east coast, or south through the centre of the continent to 4671: 2819: 755: 198: 817:

Guided by another two Aboriginal men, Burke's party soon reached Lake Altiboulka (Altoka) and then travelled through the

4213: 4185: 4157: 3561: 3126: 2347: 2176: 1623: 1454: 1121:, watercolour, 1861. Hodgkinson briefly joined the expedition at Swan Hill, and was a member of two relief expeditions. 493: 281: 2141:

In 2002 the book "The Dig Tree" by Sarah Murgatroyd was published. This provides a detailed account of the expedition.

336:

The Committee entrusts you with the largest discretion as regards the forming of depots, and your movements generally….

3455: 2199: 1790:

23 April 1861. Burke, Wills and King followed the Cooper downstream heading towards Mount Hopeless in South Australia.

1564: 1472: 904: 489: 413: 3630: 1787:

and headed back to Menindee. Later that day, Burke, Wills and King returned from the Gulf to find the Depôt deserted.

1962:

burial service, but clergy representing various Christian denominations were represented in the funeral procession.

4656: 4651: 2181: 1592: 1515: 1372: 433: 4105: 1924:

The order and carriage of the clergy was discussed with agreement that they would walk in the procession with the

762:

289,000 in 2011 dollars) for the first successful south–north crossing of the continent west of the 143rd line of

3708: 3525: 2225: 2029: 1982: 1937: 1507: 1434: 1363:

while another stayed close to the camp. Howitt gave tomahawks, knives, mirrors, beads, sugar, flour, ribbons and

1178: 664: 408: 353: 242: 182: 151: 147: 52: 4583: 2056:, was released in 1918. The plot is fictional and only loosely connected to the historical expedition. In 1957, 1914:

The remains were placed in state for two weeks. Around 100,000 people visited the RSV hall to view the coffins.

2160: 1588: 1527: 1304: 1142: 1041: 987: 978: 803: 696: 556: 326: 119:

led to a huge influx of migrants, with the local population increasing from 29,000 in 1851 to 139,916 in 1861 (

4539: 4427: 4243: 2256: 2000:

In the years immediately following the expedition, monuments to Burke were erected in Melbourne, Castlemaine,

4596: 4626: 3269: 1940:

between Irish Catholics and English Protestants that blighted Victoria's history over the previous century.

1347:

The Victorian Contingent Party left Melbourne on 26 June 1861 under the leadership of Alfred Howitt. At the

691: 221: 143: 4552: 4411:

Judge, Joseph, & Scherschel, Joseph J, 1979. "First across Australia: The journey of Burke and Wills."

2921: 866:. He split the group again, leaving Brahe in charge of the depot, with Dost Mahomet, Patton and McDonough. 4567: 1918: 1611: 1579:, but was driven back by heavy rains and floods. He then made for the Gulf of Carpentaria, hoping to find 1437:. The crew were able to free and save twenty-six of the horses by cutting a hole in the side of the ship. 795: 727: 535: 469: 273: 217: 194: 72: 56: 4208: 4180: 4152: 3608:

Courage and corruption: an analysis of the Burke and Wills Expedition and the subsequent Royal Commission

684:

on 23 August and set up their fourth camp. The first day off was taken on Sunday 26 August at Camp VI in

3499: 3476: 2635: 2203: 2145: 2117: 1948: 1929: 1725:

My pulse is at 48 and very weak and my legs and arms are nearly skin and bone. I can only look out like

1292: 656: 497: 438: 373: 261: 2877:. Vol. VI, no. 286. Victoria, Australia. 30 November 1861. p. 2 (SUPPLEMENT TO THE STAR) 2576: 929: 4480: 4310:

The Inaugural Burke & Wills Outback Conference: Cloncurry 2003 : a collation of presentations

3295: 3203:. Vol. VI, no. 264. Victoria, Australia. 5 November 1861. p. 1 (SUPPLEMENT TO THE STAR) 1015:

Arrival of Burke, Wills and King at the deserted camp at Cooper's Creek, Sunday evening, 21 April 1861

742:

on 12 October, having taken two months to travel 750 km (470 mi) from Melbourne—the regular

3661: 2220: 2207: 1576: 1575:

McKinlay then decided to make exploration the focus of his expedition and headed in the direction of

1399: 1323: 767: 577: 322: 136: 100: 3342: 1110: 3199: 2873: 2411: 2193: 1692: 1543: 1403: 1220: 1199: 1087: 863: 486: 116: 68: 4524:

Footscray, Vic: The Victoria University of Technology Library in association with Footprint Press.

3916:"Statistical Tables relating to Colonial and other Possessions of United Kingdom, 1864 and 1865". 833: 4404:

Fitzpatrick, Kathleen, 1963. "The Burke and Wills Expedition and the Royal Society of Victoria."

3685: 2688: 2168: 2096: 1793:

7 May 1861. The last camel, Rajah, died. The men cannot carry enough supplies to leave the creek.

1735: 1511: 875: 807: 677: 544: 512: 424: 367: 277: 265: 231: 112: 60: 4399:

Experiences of a Forty-Niner during the thirty-four years residence in California and Australia.

3159: 3150: 2080: 4561: 4499: 4469: 4440: 4387: 4372: 4347: 4337: 4313: 4298: 4283: 4268: 4132: 3987: 3962: 3896: 3677: 3163: 2978: 2716: 2663: 2530: 2443: 2435: 2425: 2322: 1959: 1584: 871: 811: 788: 759: 685: 481:

exploration in other parts of the world, but by 1859 only seven camels had been imported into

314: 269: 186: 174: 3550: 2148:

issued two coins, $ 1 and a 20 cent, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the expedition.

1760:

Natives discovering the body of William John Wills, the explorer, at Coopers Creek, June 1861

1314:

was sent from Melbourne to search the Gulf of Carpentaria for the missing expedition, and SS

3669: 2126: 2112: 2068: 2017: 1955: 1954:

Burke and Wills were buried at the Melbourne General Cemetery. There the Dean of Melbourne,

1827:

28 September 1861. Howitt dug up the cache at the 'Dig Tree' and recovered Wills' notebooks.

1824:

15 September 1861. Howitt found King the only survivor of the four men who reached the Gulf.

1726: 1688: 1503: 1356: 1211: 1134:

early April with several men in poor health. Wright camped at a large lagoon populated with

1032: 954: 846: 28: 17: 3428: 4630: 4613: 4606: 4600: 4587: 4574: 4556: 4543: 4491:

Manuscript MS 13071. Australian Manuscripts Collection. State Library Victoria (Australia)

4487: 4462: 4455: 4247: 4005: 3580: 3557: 2172: 1986: 1978: 995: 735: 550: 380: 349: 2047:. In August 2010 Australia Post issued four stamps to commemorate the 150th anniversary. 1777:

16 December 1860. Burke, Wills, King and Gray left the Depôt for the Gulf of Carpentaria.

1637:

Brahe could have stayed longer at Camp 65 were it not for the leg injury suffered by the

982:, a black-headed python), which they ate. Both Burke and Gray immediately came down with 3665: 1898: 1774:

6 December 1860. The Depôt Camp was moved downstream to Camp LXV—The Dig Tree (Camp 65).

2821:

A successful exploration through the interior from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria

2131: 2063: 2057: 2044: 1646: 1406:

with orders to search the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Victorian government also chartered

1308: 1272: 1191: 1010: 912: 850: 607: 419: 128: 1518:, they were guided along the best routes by the local Aboriginal people, while at the 986:. Gray was ill, but Burke thought he was "gammoning" (pretending). On 25 March on the 213: 39: 4640: 4323: 3344:

Journal of Landsborough's expedition from Carpentaria, in search of Burke & Wills

2100: 2040: 1780:

16 December 1860—21 April 1861. Brahe is left in charge of the Depôt at Cooper Creek.

1734:

As a result, it is likely that the deaths of Burke and Wills resulted in part from a

1604: 1539: 1450: 1327: 1135: 842: 791: 784: 672: 318: 170: 155: 132: 83: 1890: 1202:

and they were very courteous to the three explorers, giving them fish, beans called

1046: 730:

on the Darling, Landells resigned from the expedition, followed by the expedition's

651: 300: 150:

in 1856. The Philosophical Institute of Victoria was founded in 1854 and became the

4418:

Leahy, Frank, 2007. "Locating the 'Plant Camp' of the Burke and Wills expedition."

4209:"Burke and Wills' Camp B/CXIX and Walker's Camp, Little Bynoe River (entry 602156)" 3689: 2998: 2713:

What became of them? Biographies of the survivors of the Burke and Wills Expedition

2164: 2121: 2104: 1519: 1348: 1126: 822: 776: 668: 361: 246: 127:

rapidly grew to become Australia's largest city and the second largest city of the

87: 4468:

Phoenix, Dave, 2015. Following Burke and Wills across Australia, CSIRO Publishing

1386: 1158:

Burke had returned. When the two men arrived on 8 May, Burke had already left for

227: 2279:"Burke and Wills' Courage and Folly Pt. 1: Marching Onwards to the Great Unknown" 1902:

Order of the funeral procession of Burke and Wills, Wednesday, 21st January, 1863

2286: 2135: 2033: 2025: 1415: 1360: 1335: 962: 908: 722:

that Landells had brought to feed to the camels in the belief that it prevented

1973: 1771:

20 November 1860. The first Depôt Camp was established at Camp LXIII (Camp 63).

3865: 3829: 3811: 3436: 3380: 3358: 3241: 3084: 3056: 3028: 2835: 2763: 2692:. Vol. VII, no. 1636. Victoria, Australia. 21 August 1860. p. 3 2602: 2189: 2013: 2009: 1994: 1925: 1846:

Dr Ludwig Becker, Monday, 29 April 1861 at Koorliatto Waterhole, Bulloo River.

1843:

William Purcell, Tuesday, 23 April 1861 at Koorliatto Waterhole, Bulloo River.

1706: 1702: 1674: 1658:

An in-depth study of Wright's action formed a part of Dr Tom Bergin's 1982 MA

1364: 1207: 973: 958: 938: 743: 712: 681: 525: 3991: 3319: 3194: 3118: 2868: 2683: 2439: 2343: 1072: 1059: 256:

The Exploration Committee called for offers of interest for a leader for the

201:

offered a reward of £2000 to encourage an expedition to find a route between

197:

organised the Burke and Wills expedition to cross the continent in 1860. The

103:, crossed the continent with the expedition and returned alive to Melbourne. 55:(RSV) in Australia in 1860–61. It initially consisted of nineteen men led by 4351: 3931: 3847: 3471: 3222: 2904: 2630: 2551: 2447: 1933: 1743: 1717: 1684: 1523: 1268: 983: 969: 780: 763: 731: 708: 704: 482: 474: 304:

Instructions issued to Burke, leader of the Victorian Exploration Expedition

285: 166: 124: 64: 4607:

William Strutt online collection of drawings in watercolour, ink and pencil

1840:

Charles Stone, Monday, 22 April 1861 at Koorliatto Waterhole, Bulloo River.

1803:

30 May 1861. Wills, having failed to reach Mount Hopeless, returned to the

1800:. They stayed only 15 minutes and did not dig up Burke's note in the cache. 63:

being a deputy commander. Its objective was the crossing of Australia from

3681: 3622: 2156:

Heritage listings associated with the Burke and Wills expedition include:

1125:

depicts the skirmish between William Wright's group and Aborigines at the

707:

on 6 September, where Charles Gray joined the expedition. They arrived in

4327: 2001: 1783:

21 April 1861. Brahe buried a cache of supplies, carved a message in the

1739: 1465: 1319: 855: 739: 738:. Third-in-command Wills was promoted to second-in-command. They reached 641: 317:'s track south of the Gulf of Carpentaria avoiding as far as practicable 190: 79: 3574:

Victorian Exploring Expedition breastplate, National Museum of Australia

1746:

deficiency) and environmental factors also contributed to their deaths.

1330:'s South Australian Burke Relief Expedition departing from Adelaide and 1085:) at Camp 65. Located on the banks of Cooper Creek, both are coolibahs ( 4333: 4097: 3427: 3089: 3061: 3033: 2840: 2768: 2607: 2185: 2024:

to the west coast in New Zealand, he named two rivers flowing into the

2005: 1849:

William Patton, Wednesday, 5 June 1861 near Desolation Camp, Rat Point.

1713: 1638: 942: 614: 603: 541:

George James Landells (1825–1871) (second in command, charge of camels)

95: 4263:

Bergin, Thomas John, & Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1981.

3403: 916:

community with a yam-field and a very large hut. Some of the resident

4623: 4580: 3673: 3652:

Earl, J.; McCleary, B. (1994). "Mystery of the poisoned expedition".

1699: 1659: 1618: 1253: 1240: 1236: 991: 917: 723: 629: 625: 618: 596: 478: 345:

The Exploration Committee of the Royal Society of Victoria included:

284:, and later became police superintendent with virtually no skills in 178: 120: 1951:

area where Burke had served most recently as police superintendent.

1228:, was shot when he became bogged in Minkie waterhole and the other, 961:. Equipment was abandoned at a number of locations as the number of 4536: 4240: 3984:

Caught mapping: the life and times of New Zealand's early surveyors

2252: 528:. They took twenty-three horses, six wagons and twenty-six camels. 4593: 2021: 1972: 1897: 1889: 1753: 1679: 1678: 1385: 1267: 1173: 1109: 1045: 1031: 1005: 972:, a flowering plant. Gray also caught an 11 lb (5.0 kg) 928: 886: 832: 690: 650: 637: 507: 299: 226: 212: 38: 4452:

From Melbourne to the Gulf: A brief history of the VEE of 1860–1.

2975:

Following Burke and Wills across Australia : a touring guide

2844:. No. 1, 931. Victoria, Australia. 1 January 1861. p. 5 2639:. No. 4, 428. Victoria, Australia. 21 August 1860. p. 5 2611:. No. 1, 817. Victoria, Australia. 20 August 1860. p. 5 1917:

It was originally proposed that the funeral should take place at

1587:

on the north coast. On 2 August 1862 he reached a station on the

1526:, resulting in one of these people being shot dead. In 1881, the 4564:

The State Library of Victoria's online exhibition and resources.

4549: 4101: 3402:

Norman, W. H.; Landsborough, William; Walker, Frederick (1862),

2917: 2660:

Following Burke and Wills across Victoria : a touring guide

2372:

Exploring the Stuart Highway : further than the eye can see

1530:

awarded Landsborough £2000 for his achievements as an explorer.

1458: 1449:. They recommenced their journey on 22 September, arriving near 1244:

camping next to a nardoo patch, preparing this food themselves.

645: 3480:. No. 5, 013. Victoria, Australia. 27 June 1862. p. 5 3297:

Narrative of a voyage from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria

3093:. No. 2, 101. Victoria, Australia. 19 July 1861. p. 6 3065:. No. 2, 100. Victoria, Australia. 18 July 1861. p. 5 3037:. No. 2, 099. Victoria, Australia. 17 July 1861. p. 6 2067:. In 1970 it was announced a film of the expedition written by 648:; the equipment all together weighed as much as twenty tonnes. 401:

The Hon Sir Francis Murphy, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly

3457:

McKinlay's Journal of Exploration in the Interior of Australia

2941: 2939: 2772:. No. 2, 368. Victoria, Australia. 29 May 1862. p. 7 2088: 719: 2231:

List of places associated with the Burke and Wills expedition

802:

Burke's party journeyed via waterholes at Bilpa, Langawirra,

531:

The members of the expedition at the time of departure were:

667:

had offered to transport the equipment from Adelaide up the

161:

By 1855 there was speculation about possible routes for the

2075:

would start filming later that year, but no film resulted.

2039:

In 1983, the Burke and Wills expedition were honoured on a

4098:""The Explorers" Burke and Wills (TV episode 1972) - IMDb" 3629:. Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants. 2895:

Dave Phoenix of the Burke & Wills Historical Society,

1837:

Charley Gray, Wednesday, 17 April 1861 at Polygonum Swamp.

1429:

The ships became separated in a storm on 1 September, and

1224:) in exchange for sugar. One of the two remaining camels, 4603:

Images of the diary at the National Library of Australia.

3711:: The Burke & Wills research gateway. Archived from 2556:

Australian Manuscripts Collection State Library Victoria

1698:

Unknown to the explorers, nardoo sporocarps contain the

3119:"How do people learn to cook a poisonous plant safely?" 1410:(188 tons, built 1843) to assist with transportation. 547:(third in command, surveyor and astronomical observer) 4496:

William John Wills: Pioneer of the Australian outback

4481:

Records of the Burke and Wills Expedition, 1857-1875.

3961:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. p. 39. 3322:. No. Supplement p. 1. Ballarat Star. 3 May 1862 2095:

featured the Burke and Wills expedition, narrated by

1936:

is interesting given the general enmity and divisive

492:. The camels were initially housed in the stables at 268:, had any experience in exploration. However, due to 75:

people and was largely unknown to European settlers.

4384:

The Burke and Wills Expedition: A study in evidence.

3766:. Melbourne: Government Printer Victoria. p. vi 1807:

to bury his notebooks in the cache for safe-keeping.

1599:

Expedition to recover the remains of Burke and Wills

276:

was selected by committee ballot as the leader, and

135:

lasted forty years and ushered in the era known as "

2836:"THE EXPLORATION COMMITTEE'S DESPATCH TO MR WRIGHT" 1906:Howitt sailed from Adelaide to Melbourne on the SS 1810:

End of June/ early July 1861. Burke and Wills died.

1716:). It is probable that they were not preparing the 1649:wrote of the 'mystery' surrounding Wright's delay: 1355:Wills and buried them. Howitt had transported four 517:

Memorandum of the Start of the Exploring Expedition

4278:Bergin, Thomas John, & Reader's Digest, 1996. 3705:"Did Burke and Wills die because they ate nardoo?" 3149: 1457:on 29 September, where they rendezvoused with the 398:Charles Whybrow Ligar, Government Surveyor General 111:In 1851, gold was discovered in what was then the 3895:. Balmain, N.S.W.: David Ell Press. p. 241. 4326:(1995). "Chapter 7: "Glory, Folly and Chance"". 2253:"Burke & Wills Web – online digital archive" 2103:in the later 1976 US broadcast) and directed by 565:Thomas Francis McDonough (1834–1904) (assistant) 4537:Burke & Wills Web – online digital archive. 4406:Historical Studies of Australia and New Zealand 4308:Burke and Wills Outback Conference 2003, 2005. 3893:Burke & Wills : From Melbourne to myth 3361:. No. Mount Alexander Mail. 22 August 1862 3359:"Landborough's expedition across the continent" 2053:A Romance of Burke and Wills Expedition of 1860 1651: 1475:and finding it inhabited by "hostile natives". 1418:in Brisbane on 10 August 1861, the same day as 968:To extend their food supply, Burke's party ate 311: 4577:at the National Museum of Australia, Canberra. 3003:The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser 2342:The Royal Society of Victoria (25 June 2013). 1334:'s Victorian Relief Expedition departing from 1307:and one by the government of South Australia. 1149:, later produced a painting of this skirmish. 893:Arrival of Burke & Wills at Flinders River 237:In 1857 the Philosophical Institute formed an 4181:"Burke and Wills "Plant Camp" (entry 645622)" 3430:Tracks of McKinlay and party across Australia 94:The return journey was plagued by delays and 8: 4415:, Vol. 155, February 1979, pp. 152–191. 4401:Cleveland, Ohio: The Williams Publishing Co. 4386:Melbourne: Educational Media International. 4267:Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Commission. 4241:Burke and Wills Web – online digital archive 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2210:, listed on the Queensland Heritage Register 2196:, listed on the Queensland Heritage Register 1832:Deaths on the Victorian Exploring Expedition 1414:left Hobson's Bay on 29 July and arrived at 1183:Burke and Wills on the way to Mount Hopeless 787:, William Wright (the manager of the nearby 4522:Burke and Wills: The stockade and the tree. 3986:. Christchurch: Hazard Press. p. 170. 3812:"Arrival of the remains of Burke and Wills" 3790:Dig: The Burke & Wills research gateway 3610:(MA). University of New England (Armidale). 3347:(1862 ed.). Melbourne: F.F. Bailliere. 3112: 3110: 3108: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 1796:8 May 1861. Brahe and Wright return to the 1617:On this expedition, Howitt presented three 329:furthest southern exploration in 1856..... 296:Instructions from the Exploration Committee 34:Australian exploration expedition (1860–61) 4562:Dig: The Burke and Wills Research Gateway. 4517:Melbourne: John Ferres Government Printer. 3488:– via National Library of Australia. 3263: 3261: 3259: 3211:– via National Library of Australia. 3101:– via National Library of Australia. 3073:– via National Library of Australia. 3045:– via National Library of Australia. 2885:– via National Library of Australia. 2852:– via National Library of Australia. 2780:– via National Library of Australia. 2738:"The Bulletin publishes for the last time" 2700:– via National Library of Australia. 2647:– via National Library of Australia. 2619:– via National Library of Australia. 2420:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 420:Reverend Father Dr John Ignatius Bleasdale 325:and connect his furthest point north with 4550:The Burke & Wills Historical Society. 4153:"Burke and Wills Dig Tree (entry 601073)" 3623:"A Fern which Changed Australian History" 3435:. Sampson Low, Son & Co. – via 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 2740:. Bulletin.ninemsn.com.au. Archived from 2520: 2518: 2516: 2412:"Kyte, Ambrose Henry Spencer (1822–1868)" 1813:11 September 1861. Howitt, leader of the 4295:Burke and Wills: From Melbourne to myth. 3300:. Melbourne: Herald Office. pp. 5–9 2918:"The Burke and Wills Historical Society" 2863: 2861: 2859: 2577:"Camels & Sepoys for the Expedition" 2469:"The Exploration Fund Raising Committee" 2319:The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry 1554:South Australian Burke Relief Expedition 383:, Melbourne University's first professor 4067:"Hot on the trail of Burke and Wills". 3760:Commission of Enquiry (February 1862). 3502:. Burkeandwills.net.au. 11 April 1910. 3270:"Sweers Island History Article: Part I" 2631:"Departure of the Exploring Expedition" 2255:. burkeandwills.net.au. 3 August 2010. 2241: 1522:they had a skirmish with a clan of the 990:(just south of what is now the town of 695:Crossing the Terrick-Terrick Plains by 4422:, No. 2, December 2007, pp. 1–12. 4050:"Actor Away from TV Play Burke, Wills" 3449: 3447: 3158:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 3057:"MR. WRIGHT'S DIARY OF THE DEPOT CAMP" 2924:from the original on 22 September 2010 2684:"Farewell to the Exploring Expedition" 2321:. Chicago: Island Press. p. 320. 2247: 2245: 1894:The Burke and Wills funeral procession 562:Charles Ferguson (1832–1925) (foreman) 358:Dr David Elliott Wilkie MD., Treasurer 123:had 93,686 at the time). As a result, 4408:. Vol. 10 (No. 40), pp. 470–478. 3633:from the original on 13 December 2010 3500:"The Victorian Exploring Party, 1862" 3129:from the original on 4 September 2019 2583:from the original on 16 February 2011 2475:from the original on 16 February 2011 2367: 2365: 1445:was repaired and able to be towed by 1166:Burke, Wills and King at Cooper Creek 1050:The camp blaze, B LXV on the Dig Tree 957:, south of what is today the town of 574:William Brahe (1835–1912) (assistant) 260:. Only two members of the committee, 86:, Burke made good progress, reaching 43:Map of the Burke and Wills expedition 7: 4108:from the original on 9 February 2017 4015:from the original on 29 October 2014 4006:"Postage stamp image : 30 cent" 3551:A history of Aboriginal Breastplates 3383:. No. page 2. 30 September 1881 2501:from the original on 11 January 2011 2350:from the original on 29 January 2018 2259:from the original on 29 January 2011 2043:depicting their portraits issued by 1683:Aboriginal people fed the explorers 1390:H.M. Colonial Steam-sloop "Victoria" 586:James McIlwaine (1834–?) (assistant) 341:Members of the Exploration Committee 3741:. 3rd Parliament: 705. 4 March 1862 3009:from the original on 5 October 2018 2764:"NEW COURT.—SITTINGS AT NISI PRIUS" 568:William Patton (?–1861) (assistant) 3532:from the original on 16 March 2015 3506:from the original on 16 March 2015 2417:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2124:as Wills. Also in 1985, the spoof 1560:South Australian House of Assembly 758:offered a reward of £2,000 (about 559:(artist, naturalist and geologist) 404:Lieutenant John Randall Pascoe, JP 163:Australian Overland Telegraph Line 25: 4361:Dig: A drama of central Australia 4282:. Surrey Hills: Reader's Digest. 3918:House of Commons Sessional Papers 3117:Harford, Tim (4 September 2019). 2495:"The Exploration Committee: 1860" 2391:from the original on 23 July 2010 2385:"The Exploration Committee: 1857" 1928:clergy in front, followed by the 4662:History of Australia (1851–1900) 4618:State Library of New South Wales 4594:The Diary of William John Wills. 4581:The Diary of William John Wills. 4265:In the steps of Burke and Wills. 3932:"The Funeral of Burke and Wills" 3472:"Exploration, Mr Howitt's Diary" 2897:Tony Robinson Explores Australia 897:State Library of New South Wales 165:to connect Australia to the new 4369:The journey of Burke and Wills. 3606:Bergin, Dr Thomas John (1982). 2603:"The Royal Society of Victoria" 907:(Camp 119) on the banks of the 837:Site of Camp 65 on Cooper Creek 644:, rockets, flags and a Chinese 4624:The Royal Society of Victoria. 4568:The Burke and Wills collection 4425:Moorehead, Alan McCrae, 1963. 3830:"Coffining of Burke and Wills" 3001:. Explorers' Relics (column). 2422:Australian National University 2283:Australian Stamps Professional 1239:to sleep in and the stimulant 925:Return journey to Cooper Creek 659:where the expedition commenced 624:Belooch Khan (camel driver, a 613:Dost Mahomet (camel driver, a 553:(medical officer and botanist) 477:had been used successfully in 258:Victorian Exploring Expedition 1: 4217:. Queensland Heritage Council 4189:. Queensland Heritage Council 4161:. Queensland Heritage Council 4034:"Burke and Wills Film Plan". 3848:"The Burke and Wills funeral" 3621:Chaffey, Calder (June 2002). 2954:. Government Printer Victoria 2020:searched for a crossing from 1705:, which depletes the body of 858:which they named Fort Wills. 199:Government of South Australia 4509:Victoria: Parliament, 1862. 4439:Melbourne: Text Publishing. 4413:National Geographic Magazine 4364:Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 4332:. Michael Cathcart. London: 4214:Queensland Heritage Register 4186:Queensland Heritage Register 4158:Queensland Heritage Register 4071:. 12 August 1970. p. 6. 3866:"Funeral of Burke and Wills" 3562:National Museum of Australia 3240:The Herald (5 August 1861). 2946:Burke and Wills Commission. 2550:Burke and Wills Expedition. 2177:Queensland Heritage Register 2099:(replaced with narration by 1624:National Museum of Australia 1493:Queensland Relief Expedition 1441:arrived shortly afterwards. 1036:The Dig Tree on Cooper Creek 676:expedition had reached only 146:was founded in 1855 and the 18:Burke & Wills expedition 4494:Van der Kiste, John, 2011. 4397:Ferguson, Charles D, 1888. 4056:. 13 July 1961. p. 14. 4038:. 29 April 1957. p. 5. 2317:Cervero, Robert B. (1998). 2307:Statesmen's Year Book 1889. 2200:Burke and Wills Camp B/CXIX 2084:dramatised the expedition. 1534:Victorian Relief Expedition 1002:Actions of Brahe and Wright 945:rains began. A camel named 766:. The experienced explorer 756:South Australian government 602:Esau Khan (camel driver, a 4698: 4647:Burke and Wills expedition 4511:Burke and Wills Commission 4420:Journal of Spatial Science 4297:Balmain: David Ell Press. 4131:. Text Publishing Co Ltd. 4127:Murgatroyd, Sarah (2002). 3957:Ridley, Ronald T. (1996). 3526:"Alfred Howitt's despatch" 3195:"THE EXPLORING EXPEDITION" 2182:Burke and Wills Plant Camp 2091:documentary series called 1977:Burke and Wills Statue by 1672: 1593:Royal Geographical Society 1373:Melbourne General Cemetery 1342:Victorian Contingent Party 1153:Brahe joins up with Wright 1039: 589:Patrick Langan (assistant) 583:John Drakeford (assistant) 571:Patrick Langan (assistant) 467: 350:Sir William Foster Stawell 49:Burke and Wills expedition 26: 4555:22 September 2010 at the 4498:. Stroud: History Press. 4435:Murgatroyd, Sarah, 2002. 4069:The Sydney Morning Herald 4036:The Sydney Morning Herald 3709:State Library of Victoria 3583:. Retrieved 4 April 2011. 3294:Kirby, Captain J (1862). 3029:"DIARY OF THE DEPOT CAMP" 2226:Royal Society of Victoria 1435:Sir Charles Hardy Islands 1318:sailed from Melbourne to 1179:George Washington Lambert 699:, who died on the journey 671:to the junction with the 592:Thomas Brooks (assistant) 354:Chief Justice of Victoria 152:Royal Society of Victoria 148:State Library of Victoria 53:Royal Society of Victoria 4667:Exploration of Australia 4486:25 November 2022 at the 4461:16 February 2011 at the 4432:London: Hamish Hamilton. 4312:. Cairns: Dave Phoenix. 4086:. 4 May 1968. p. 8. 3792:. State Library Victoria 3627:Australian Plants online 3528:. Burkeandwills.net.au. 3320:"Exploration expedition" 2579:. Burkeandwills.net.au. 2497:. Burkeandwills.net.au. 2471:. Burkeandwills.net.au. 2387:. Burkeandwills.net.au. 2161:Burke and Wills Dig Tree 2087:In 1975 an episode of a 1932:. This small example of 1497:After disembarking from 1394:On 4 August 1861, HMCSS 1305:government of Queensland 1264:Death of Burke and Wills 1073:27.623902°S 141.075784°E 1054:Brahe blazed two trees ( 1042:Burke and Wills Dig Tree 979:Aspidites melanocephalus 847:Augustus Charles Gregory 750:Menindee to Cooper Creek 504:Departure from Melbourne 368:Professor Georg Neumayer 154:(RSV) after receiving a 4620:, DL PXX 3 and DL PXX 4 4599:18 October 2004 at the 4586:5 December 2004 at the 4542:29 January 2011 at the 4246:29 January 2011 at the 4011:. Australianstamp.com. 3786:"Parliamentary Enquiry" 3564:, accessed 7 April 2011 3460:. Melbourne: Bailliere. 3454:McKinlay, John (1862). 3381:"Darling Downs Gazette" 3341:Landsborough, William. 3242:"Shipping intelligence" 3148:Diamond, Jared (2005). 2818:Wills, William (1863). 1815:Burke Relief Expedition 1398:, under the Command of 1322:, where they picked up 1105: 941:broke and the tropical 895:, oil on canvas, 1862, 703:The expedition reached 595:Samla (camel driver, a 144:University of Melbourne 27:For the 1985 film, see 4682:Australian expeditions 4382:Corke, David G, 1996. 4329:A history of Australia 4082:"Playwright try out". 3891:Bonyhady, Tim (1991). 3818:: 5. 29 December 1862. 3703:Phoenix, Dave (2011). 3223:"The Search for Burke" 2973:Phoenix, Dave (2015). 2952:Parliament of Victoria 2711:Clark, Ian D. (2018). 2658:Phoenix, Dave (2011). 1990: 1956:Hussey Burgh Macartney 1903: 1895: 1763: 1758:Eugene Montagu Scott, 1732: 1695: 1656: 1612:Clare, South Australia 1391: 1280: 1186: 1130: 1078:-27.623902; 141.075784 1051: 1037: 1017: 934: 899: 838: 819:Caryapundy floodplains 700: 665:Captain Francis Cadell 660: 520: 470:Australian feral camel 416:, government geologist 338: 305: 251:Fund Raising Committee 234: 224: 195:Government of Victoria 44: 4677:Botanical expeditions 4629:15 April 2009 at the 4612:8 August 2018 at the 4573:22 March 2012 at the 4450:Phoenix, Dave, 2003. 4371:Sydney: Paul Hamlyn. 4293:Bonyhady, Tim, 1991. 3959:Melbourne's Monuments 3920:. Part XI: vii. 1867. 3872:: 3. 16 December 1862 3854:: 5. 21 January 1863. 3735:"Legislative Council" 3477:The Argus (Melbourne) 3156:Guns, Germs and Steel 2920:. Burkeandwills.org. 2899:, Episode 4, Eureka. 2636:The Argus (Melbourne) 2146:Royal Australian Mint 2144:In November 2009 the 2073:Mr Burke and Mr Wills 1976: 1901: 1893: 1869:Commission of Enquiry 1762:, oil on canvas, 1862 1757: 1723: 1682: 1630:Controversy and blame 1528:Queensland Parliament 1389: 1279:, oil on canvas, 1892 1271: 1256:and another firearm. 1210:made from the ground 1177: 1113: 1093:Eucalyptus microtheca 1049: 1035: 1009: 953:, on 10 April on the 937:On the way back, the 932: 890: 843:Captain Charles Sturt 836: 694: 657:Royal Park, Melbourne 654: 519:, oil on canvas, 1860 511: 468:Further information: 376:, government botanist 374:Ferdinand von Mueller 303: 262:Ferdinand von Mueller 239:Exploration Committee 230: 216: 209:Exploration Committee 205:and the north coast. 51:was organised by the 42: 4672:History of Melbourne 4367:Colwell, Max, 1971. 4358:Clune, Frank, 1937. 4336:. pp. 281–295. 3982:Holm, Janet (2005). 3938:: 5. 22 January 1863 3836:: 5. 1 January 1863. 3579:4 April 2011 at the 3556:4 April 2011 at the 3426:Davis, John (1863). 3229:. 11 September 1861. 3085:"MR. WRIGHT'S DIARY" 2977:. CSIRO Publishing. 2221:History of Australia 2208:Shire of Carpentaria 2078:The 1966 stage play 1750:Cooper Creek summary 1577:Central Mount Stuart 1400:William Henry Norman 1324:William Landsborough 891:Edward Jukes Greig, 794:) and another local 768:John McDouall Stuart 430:Dr J William McKenna 364:, Honorary Secretary 137:marvellous Melbourne 67:in the south to the 4520:White, John, 1992. 4280:Across the outback. 3666:1994Natur.368..683E 2999:"Outdoor Australia" 2869:"BRAHE'S STATEMENT" 2525:Wright, Ed (2008). 2194:Shire of Diamantina 1721:wrote in his diary: 1221:Marsilea drummondii 1200:Yandruwandha people 1185:, watercolour, 1907 1088:Eucalyptus coolabah 1069: / 883:Gulf of Carpentaria 876:Sturt Stony Deserts 864:Gulf of Carpentaria 536:Robert O'Hara Burke 496:and later moved to 453:Angus McMillan Esq. 274:Robert O'Hara Burke 218:Robert O'Hara Burke 173:, then part of the 69:Gulf of Carpentaria 57:Robert O'Hara Burke 3870:Geelong Advertiser 2824:. London: Bentley. 2689:Bendigo Advertiser 2289:on 22 January 2013 2130:was released with 2110:In 1985 the film, 2097:David Attenborough 1991: 1945:Duke of Wellington 1919:St James Cathedral 1904: 1896: 1764: 1736:vitamin deficiency 1696: 1514:. On reaching the 1392: 1299:Rescue expeditions 1281: 1187: 1147:William Hodgkinson 1131: 1115:William Hodgkinson 1052: 1038: 1018: 935: 933:The return journey 900: 839: 701: 661: 545:William John Wills 521: 513:Nicholas Chevalier 447:Sizar Elliott Esq. 425:Clement Hodgkinson 414:Alfred Selwyn Esq. 394:Mayor of Melbourne 392:Dr Richard Eades, 306: 278:William John Wills 266:Wilhelm Blandowski 235: 232:William John Wills 225: 113:Colony of Victoria 61:William John Wills 45: 4657:1861 in Australia 4652:1860 in Australia 4504:978-0-7524-5855-7 3739:Victorian Hansard 3660:(6473): 683–684. 3415:– via Trove 3169:978-0-393-06131-4 3005:. 27 March 1912. 2984:978-1-486-30158-4 2744:on 19 August 2006 2669:978-0-646-56419-7 2536:978-1-74196-139-3 2529:. Murdock Books. 2431:978-0-522-84459-7 2344:"A short history" 2152:Heritage listings 2127:Wills & Burke 2113:Burke & Wills 1981:on the corner of 1357:messenger pigeons 1119:Bulla, Queensland 754:In July 1859 the 663:Committee member 444:Dr William Gilbee 386:The Hon. Captain 315:Ludwig Leichhardt 187:Western Australia 175:Dutch East Indies 115:. The subsequent 29:Burke & Wills 16:(Redirected from 4689: 4355: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4010: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3674:10.1038/368683a0 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3603: 3597: 3592:Alan Moorehead, 3590: 3584: 3571: 3565: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3451: 3442: 3440: 3434: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3268:Saenger, Peter. 3265: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3191: 3174: 3173: 3153: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3114: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2943: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2914: 2908: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2865: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2815: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2522: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2285:. Archived from 2275: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2249: 2175:, listed on the 2116:, was made with 2069:Terence Rattigan 2050:A silent movie, 2018:Julius von Haast 2016:. In 1863, when 1987:Swanston Streets 1504:Barkly Tableland 1484: 1332:Frederick Walker 1218:(nardoo) plant ( 1106:Wright's journey 1084: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1062: 955:Diamantina River 911:, an arm of the 810:to the swamp at 494:Parliament House 490:Cremorne Gardens 459:John Watson Esq. 456:James Smith Esq. 450:Dr Solomon Iffla 21: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4686: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4631:Wayback Machine 4614:Wayback Machine 4601:Wayback Machine 4588:Wayback Machine 4575:Wayback Machine 4557:Wayback Machine 4544:Wayback Machine 4532: 4527: 4488:Wayback Machine 4463:Wayback Machine 4344: 4324:Clark, C. M. H. 4322: 4251:by Dave Phoenix 4248:Wayback Machine 4235: 4233:Further reading 4230: 4220: 4218: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4008: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3591: 3587: 3581:Wayback Machine 3572: 3568: 3558:Wayback Machine 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3193: 3192: 3177: 3170: 3151:"Yali's People" 3147: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3116: 3115: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2945: 2944: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2903:. Broadcast on 2901:History Channel 2894: 2890: 2880: 2878: 2867: 2866: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2817: 2816: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2695: 2693: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2524: 2523: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2432: 2410:Browne, Geoff. 2409: 2408: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2251: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2217: 2173:Shire of Bulloo 2154: 2081:Burke's Company 1979:Charles Summers 1971: 1958:, conducted an 1930:Roman Catholics 1888: 1871: 1863: 1834: 1817:arrived at the 1752: 1738:disease called 1710: 1691:of this plant, 1677: 1671: 1632: 1601: 1556: 1536: 1495: 1482: 1473:Bentinck Island 1433:hit a reef off 1384: 1344: 1301: 1266: 1168: 1155: 1108: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1044: 1030: 1004: 996:South Australia 927: 885: 831: 752: 736:Hermann Beckler 551:Hermann Beckler 506: 487:George Coppin's 472: 466: 381:Frederick McCoy 362:Dr John Macadam 343: 298: 282:colonial forces 243:New South Wales 211: 203:South Australia 109: 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4695: 4693: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4621: 4616:. held by the 4604: 4591: 4578: 4565: 4559: 4547: 4533: 4531: 4530:External links 4528: 4526: 4525: 4518: 4507: 4492: 4477: 4466: 4456:Self published 4448: 4433: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4395: 4380: 4365: 4356: 4342: 4320: 4306: 4291: 4276: 4261: 4252: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4200: 4172: 4144: 4137: 4119: 4089: 4074: 4059: 4041: 4026: 3997: 3974: 3967: 3949: 3923: 3908: 3901: 3883: 3857: 3839: 3821: 3803: 3777: 3752: 3726: 3715:on 4 July 2022 3695: 3644: 3613: 3598: 3594:Cooper's Creek 3585: 3566: 3543: 3517: 3491: 3463: 3443: 3418: 3394: 3372: 3350: 3333: 3311: 3286: 3255: 3232: 3214: 3175: 3168: 3140: 3104: 3076: 3048: 3020: 2990: 2983: 2965: 2935: 2909: 2888: 2855: 2827: 2783: 2755: 2728: 2722:978-1986893251 2721: 2703: 2675: 2668: 2650: 2622: 2594: 2568: 2542: 2535: 2527:Lost Explorers 2512: 2486: 2460: 2430: 2402: 2376: 2361: 2334: 2327: 2309: 2300: 2270: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2197: 2179: 2153: 2150: 2132:Garry McDonald 2064:Return Journey 2058:Anthony Quayle 2045:Australia Post 1970: 1967: 1887: 1884: 1870: 1867: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1811: 1808: 1801: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1751: 1748: 1708: 1687:made from the 1670: 1669:Cause of death 1667: 1647:Alan Moorehead 1631: 1628: 1600: 1597: 1555: 1552: 1535: 1532: 1494: 1491: 1402:, sailed from 1383: 1377: 1343: 1340: 1300: 1297: 1277:Death of Burke 1273:Artur Loureiro 1265: 1262: 1206:and a type of 1192:cattle station 1167: 1164: 1160:Mount Hopeless 1154: 1151: 1107: 1104: 1040:Main article: 1029: 1023: 1011:John Longstaff 1003: 1000: 926: 923: 913:Flinders River 884: 881: 851:reconnaissance 830: 827: 751: 748: 634: 633: 622: 611: 600: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 554: 548: 542: 539: 505: 502: 465: 462: 461: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 431: 428: 422: 417: 411: 409:Francis Cadell 405: 402: 399: 396: 390: 384: 377: 370: 365: 359: 356: 342: 339: 297: 294: 222:William Strutt 210: 207: 129:British Empire 108: 105: 99:Irish soldier 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4694: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4474:9781486301584 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4445:1-877008-08-7 4442: 4438: 4437:The Dig Tree. 4434: 4431: 4429: 4428:Coopers Creek 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4392:0-909178-16-X 4389: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4377:0-600-04137-9 4374: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4343:0-7126-6205-7 4339: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4319: 4318:0-646-44702-5 4315: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4303:0-908197-91-8 4300: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4288:0-86449-019-4 4285: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4273:0-642-97413-6 4270: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4138:9781921922268 4134: 4130: 4123: 4120: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4078: 4075: 4070: 4063: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4027: 4014: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3975: 3970: 3968:0-522-84727-7 3964: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3912: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3884: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3765: 3764: 3756: 3753: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3645: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3547: 3544: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3458: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3422: 3419: 3407: 3406: 3398: 3395: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3334: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3299: 3298: 3290: 3287: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3243: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3144: 3141: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2991: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2969: 2966: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2907:31 July 2012. 2906: 2902: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2823: 2822: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2743: 2739: 2732: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2704: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2651: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2374:, 1997, p. 24 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2328:1-55963-591-6 2324: 2320: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134:as Burke and 2133: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2120:as Burke and 2119: 2118:Jack Thompson 2115: 2114: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2101:Anthony Quinn 2098: 2094: 2093:The Explorers 2090: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2041:postage stamp 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1900: 1892: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1730:satisfaction. 1728: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1701: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1605:state funeral 1598: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1553: 1551: 1550:in the Gulf. 1549: 1545: 1544:Stawell River 1541: 1540:Native Police 1533: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1516:Thomson River 1513: 1509: 1508:Gregory River 1505: 1500: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451:Sweers Island 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1388: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1350: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328:John McKinlay 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1306: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1293:Alfred Howitt 1288: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1143:Ludwig Becker 1139: 1137: 1136:Galali people 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1082: 1048: 1043: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1001: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 980: 975: 971: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 931: 924: 922: 919: 914: 910: 906: 898: 894: 889: 882: 880: 877: 873: 867: 865: 859: 857: 852: 848: 844: 835: 828: 826: 824: 820: 815: 813: 809: 805: 800: 797: 793: 792:sheep station 790: 786: 785:Dick Barkinji 782: 778: 772: 769: 765: 761: 757: 749: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 698: 697:Ludwig Becker 693: 689: 687: 683: 679: 674: 673:Darling River 670: 666: 658: 653: 649: 647: 643: 639: 631: 627: 623: 620: 616: 612: 609: 605: 601: 598: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 557:Ludwig Becker 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 534: 533: 532: 529: 527: 518: 514: 510: 503: 501: 499: 495: 491: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 463: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 441: 440: 435: 434:Edward Wilson 432: 429: 426: 423: 421: 418: 415: 412: 410: 406: 403: 400: 397: 395: 391: 389: 388:Andrew Clarke 385: 382: 378: 375: 371: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 355: 351: 348: 347: 346: 340: 337: 334: 330: 328: 324: 320: 316: 310: 302: 295: 293: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 233: 229: 223: 219: 215: 208: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 159: 157: 156:Royal Charter 153: 149: 145: 140: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 106: 104: 102: 97: 92: 89: 85: 84:Darling River 81: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 41: 37: 30: 19: 4521: 4510: 4495: 4479: 4451: 4436: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4383: 4368: 4359: 4328: 4309: 4294: 4279: 4264: 4257: 4254: 4239: 4219:. Retrieved 4212: 4203: 4191:. Retrieved 4184: 4175: 4163:. Retrieved 4156: 4147: 4129:The Dig Tree 4128: 4122: 4112:27 September 4110:. Retrieved 4092: 4083: 4077: 4068: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4029: 4017:. Retrieved 4000: 3983: 3977: 3958: 3952: 3940:. Retrieved 3935: 3926: 3917: 3911: 3892: 3886: 3874:. Retrieved 3869: 3860: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3794:. Retrieved 3789: 3780: 3768:. Retrieved 3762: 3755: 3743:. Retrieved 3738: 3729: 3717:. Retrieved 3713:the original 3698: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3635:. Retrieved 3626: 3616: 3607: 3601: 3593: 3588: 3569: 3546: 3534:. Retrieved 3520: 3508:. Retrieved 3494: 3482:. Retrieved 3475: 3466: 3456: 3429: 3421: 3409:, retrieved 3404: 3397: 3385:. Retrieved 3375: 3363:. Retrieved 3353: 3343: 3336: 3324:. Retrieved 3314: 3302:. Retrieved 3296: 3289: 3277:. Retrieved 3273: 3246:. Retrieved 3244:. No. 4 3235: 3226: 3217: 3205:. Retrieved 3198: 3155: 3143: 3131:. Retrieved 3122: 3095:. Retrieved 3088: 3079: 3067:. Retrieved 3060: 3051: 3039:. Retrieved 3032: 3023: 3011:. Retrieved 3002: 2993: 2974: 2968: 2956:. Retrieved 2951: 2928:15 September 2926:. Retrieved 2912: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2879:. Retrieved 2872: 2846:. Retrieved 2839: 2830: 2820: 2774:. Retrieved 2767: 2758: 2748:15 September 2746:. Retrieved 2742:the original 2731: 2712: 2706: 2694:. Retrieved 2687: 2678: 2659: 2653: 2641:. Retrieved 2634: 2625: 2613:. Retrieved 2606: 2597: 2587:15 September 2585:. Retrieved 2571: 2559:. Retrieved 2555: 2545: 2526: 2505:15 September 2503:. Retrieved 2489: 2477:. Retrieved 2463: 2451:. Retrieved 2415: 2405: 2395:15 September 2393:. Retrieved 2379: 2371: 2352:. Retrieved 2337: 2318: 2312: 2303: 2291:. Retrieved 2287:the original 2282: 2273: 2263:15 September 2261:. Retrieved 2165:Thargomindah 2155: 2143: 2140: 2125: 2122:Nigel Havers 2111: 2109: 2105:Lord Snowdon 2092: 2086: 2079: 2077: 2072: 2062: 2051: 2049: 2038: 1999: 1992: 1989:, Melbourne. 1964: 1953: 1942: 1938:sectarianism 1923: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1905: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1864: 1818: 1814: 1804: 1797: 1784: 1759: 1733: 1724: 1697: 1664: 1657: 1652: 1644: 1636: 1633: 1619:breastplates 1616: 1609: 1602: 1595:of England. 1585:Port Denison 1580: 1574: 1572:completely. 1570: 1557: 1547: 1537: 1520:Barcoo River 1512:Aramac Creek 1498: 1496: 1486: 1479: 1477: 1468: 1461: 1455:Albert River 1446: 1442: 1438: 1430: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1404:Hobson's Bay 1395: 1393: 1380: 1369: 1353: 1349:Loddon River 1345: 1315: 1310: 1302: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1258: 1250: 1246: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1215: 1203: 1197: 1188: 1182: 1169: 1156: 1140: 1132: 1127:Bulloo River 1122: 1118: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1086: 1053: 1026: 1019: 1014: 977: 967: 963:pack animals 950: 946: 936: 901: 892: 868: 860: 845:in 1845 and 840: 829:Cooper Creek 823:Bulloo River 816: 801: 777:Cooper Creek 773: 753: 717: 702: 669:Murray River 662: 655:Monument in 635: 530: 522: 516: 473: 437: 436:, editor of 344: 335: 331: 312: 307: 290: 270:factionalism 257: 255: 250: 247:Ambrose Kyte 238: 236: 160: 141: 110: 93: 88:Cooper Creek 77: 48: 46: 36: 3279:26 February 3227:The Courier 3133:4 September 2662:. Phoenix. 2136:Kym Gyngell 2026:Haast River 1949:Castlemaine 1727:Mr Micawber 1589:Bowen River 1469:Native Lass 1416:Moreton Bay 1336:Rockhampton 1076: / 1064:141°04′33″E 988:Burke River 909:Bynoe River 804:Mutawintiji 599:from India) 580:(assistant) 4641:Categories 3902:0908197918 3437:Wikisource 2354:28 January 2237:References 2190:Birdsville 2138:as Wills. 2014:Fryerstown 2010:Beechworth 1995:inland sea 1926:Protestant 1703:thiaminase 1689:sporocarps 1675:Bush bread 1673:See also: 1639:blacksmith 1365:Union Jack 1212:sporocarps 1061:27°37′26″S 976:(probably 959:Birdsville 947:Golah Sing 939:wet season 872:Strzelecki 808:Wannaminta 796:Aboriginal 783:man named 744:mail coach 713:ammunition 682:Lancefield 526:South Asia 498:Royal Park 107:Background 73:Indigenous 3992:636380050 3936:The Argus 3852:The Argus 3274:Dropbears 3013:4 October 2905:YLE Teema 2715:. Clark. 2453:5 January 2440:1833-7538 2204:Normanton 1934:ecumenism 1861:Aftermath 1744:vitamin C 1718:seedcakes 1707:vitamin B 1685:seedcakes 1565:Lake Hope 1524:Kuungkari 1091:formerly 984:dysentery 970:portulaca 943:monsoonal 905:Camp CXIX 812:Torowotto 781:Paakantyi 764:longitude 709:Balranald 705:Swan Hill 642:revolvers 578:John King 483:Australia 439:The Argus 327:Gregory's 286:bushcraft 249:) to the 169:cable in 167:telegraph 158:in 1859. 125:Melbourne 117:gold rush 101:John King 65:Melbourne 4627:Archived 4610:Archived 4597:Archived 4584:Archived 4571:Archived 4553:Archived 4540:Archived 4484:Archived 4459:Archived 4454:Cairns: 4352:60103512 4244:Archived 4221:1 August 4193:1 August 4106:Archived 4019:13 March 4013:Archived 3719:13 March 3637:12 April 3631:Archived 3596:, p. 192 3577:Archived 3554:Archived 3536:13 March 3530:Archived 3510:13 March 3504:Archived 3200:The Star 3127:Archived 3123:BBC News 3007:Archived 2922:Archived 2874:The Star 2581:Archived 2499:Archived 2479:10 March 2473:Archived 2448:70677943 2389:Archived 2348:Archived 2293:13 March 2257:Archived 2215:See also 2002:Ballarat 1960:Anglican 1819:Dig Tree 1805:Dig Tree 1798:Dig Tree 1785:Dig Tree 1740:beriberi 1581:Victoria 1548:Victoria 1499:Victoria 1480:Victoria 1466:schooner 1464:and the 1447:Victoria 1439:Victoria 1420:Victoria 1396:Victoria 1381:Victoria 1320:Brisbane 1311:Victoria 1027:Dig Tree 856:stockade 789:Kinchega 740:Menindee 728:Kinchega 678:Essendon 538:(leader) 407:Captain 191:Adelaide 80:Menindee 4334:Pimlico 4084:The Age 4054:The Age 3942:24 July 3876:28 July 3834:The Age 3816:The Age 3796:28 July 3770:28 July 3745:28 July 3690:6835422 3682:8152477 3662:Bibcode 3484:23 June 3387:17 July 3365:17 July 3326:17 July 3304:17 July 3248:16 July 3207:21 June 3097:19 June 3090:The Age 3069:19 June 3062:The Age 3041:19 June 3034:The Age 2958:14 July 2881:22 June 2848:17 June 2841:The Age 2776:17 June 2769:The Age 2696:17 June 2643:17 June 2615:17 June 2608:The Age 2561:21 July 2188:within 2186:Betoota 2167:within 2071:called 2006:Bendigo 1983:Collins 1908:Havilah 1886:Funeral 1714:thiamin 1487:Firefly 1485:boats, 1443:Firefly 1431:Firefly 1424:Firefly 1412:Firefly 1408:Firefly 1316:Firefly 1237:gunyahs 1214:of the 821:to the 732:surgeon 686:Mia Mia 319:Sturt's 96:monsoon 82:on the 59:, with 4502: 4472: 4443: 4390: 4375: 4350: 4340: 4316: 4301: 4286: 4271: 4165:7 July 4135: 3990: 3965: 3899: 3688: 3680: 3654:Nature 3441: 3432: 3411:6 June 3166: 2981: 2719: 2666: 2533: 2446: 2438: 2428: 2325: 2169:Durham 2028:after 1969:Legacy 1853:Creek. 1700:enzyme 1693:nardoo 1660:thesis 1483:'s 1478:Using 1462:Gratia 1309:HMCSS 1254:pistol 1241:pituri 1216:ngardu 1208:damper 992:Boulia 974:python 918:Kukatj 724:scurvy 638:rifles 630:Kanpur 619:Ghazni 615:Muslim 604:Muslim 479:desert 475:Camels 464:Camels 323:Stuart 193:. The 183:Albany 179:Ceylon 131:. The 121:Sydney 4258:Argus 4009:(JPG) 3686:S2CID 2736:AAP. 2202:near 2184:near 2163:near 2034:Wills 2030:Burke 2022:Otago 1379:HMVS 1230:Rajah 1226:Landa 1204:padlu 1123:Bulla 951:Billy 734:, Dr 726:. At 628:from 626:Parsi 617:from 608:Kalat 606:from 597:Hindu 4500:ISBN 4470:ISBN 4441:ISBN 4388:ISBN 4373:ISBN 4348:OCLC 4338:ISBN 4314:ISBN 4299:ISBN 4284:ISBN 4269:ISBN 4223:2014 4195:2014 4167:2013 4133:ISBN 4114:2019 4102:IMDb 4021:2015 3988:OCLC 3963:ISBN 3944:2020 3897:ISBN 3878:2020 3798:2020 3772:2020 3747:2020 3721:2015 3678:PMID 3639:2008 3538:2015 3512:2015 3486:2023 3413:2023 3389:2020 3367:2020 3328:2020 3306:2020 3281:2022 3250:2020 3209:2023 3164:ISBN 3135:2019 3099:2023 3071:2023 3043:2023 3015:2018 2979:ISBN 2960:2020 2930:2010 2883:2023 2850:2023 2778:2023 2750:2010 2717:ISBN 2698:2023 2664:ISBN 2645:2023 2617:2023 2589:2010 2563:2020 2531:ISBN 2507:2010 2481:2011 2455:2014 2444:OCLC 2436:ISSN 2426:ISBN 2397:2010 2356:2018 2323:ISBN 2295:2015 2265:2010 2032:and 2012:and 1985:and 1768:57). 1558:The 1510:and 1459:brig 1453:and 1361:kite 1025:The 874:and 806:and 646:gong 427:Esq. 379:Sir 264:and 171:Java 139:". 133:boom 47:The 4255:The 3670:doi 3658:368 3160:296 2089:BBC 760:A$ 720:rum 372:Dr 220:by 185:in 181:to 4643:: 4513:. 4346:. 4211:. 4183:. 4155:. 4104:. 4100:. 4052:. 3934:. 3868:. 3850:. 3832:. 3814:. 3788:. 3737:. 3707:. 3684:. 3676:. 3668:. 3656:. 3625:. 3560:, 3474:. 3446:^ 3272:. 3258:^ 3225:. 3197:. 3178:^ 3162:. 3154:. 3125:. 3121:. 3107:^ 3087:. 3059:. 3031:. 2950:. 2938:^ 2871:. 2858:^ 2838:. 2786:^ 2766:. 2686:. 2633:. 2605:. 2554:. 2515:^ 2442:. 2434:. 2424:. 2414:. 2364:^ 2346:. 2281:. 2244:^ 2206:, 2192:, 2171:, 2107:. 2036:. 2008:, 2004:, 1506:, 1422:. 1375:. 1338:. 1295:. 1275:, 1181:, 1117:, 1013:, 688:. 640:, 515:, 352:, 4506:. 4476:. 4465:. 4447:. 4430:. 4394:. 4379:. 4354:. 4305:. 4290:. 4275:. 4225:. 4197:. 4169:. 4141:. 4116:. 4023:. 3994:. 3971:. 3946:. 3905:. 3880:. 3800:. 3774:. 3749:. 3723:. 3692:. 3672:: 3664:: 3641:. 3540:. 3514:. 3439:. 3391:. 3369:. 3330:. 3308:. 3283:. 3252:. 3172:. 3137:. 3017:. 2987:. 2962:. 2932:. 2752:. 2725:. 2672:. 2591:. 2565:. 2539:. 2509:. 2483:. 2457:. 2399:. 2358:. 2331:. 2297:. 2267:. 1821:. 1712:( 1709:1 1129:. 632:) 621:) 610:) 31:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index