292:, which ruled 4–1 to overturn the lower court decision, and ruled the statute unconstitutional. The Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that while the state did have a compelling interest to prevent voter intimidation within the polling place, it did not have a similar case for the 100-ft space around the polling place; if the state wished to prevent voter intimidation, they could enforce this as the entrances of the polling place, the court argued. Further, the court believed that as long as the polling place was free of political campaigning, voters would not be deterred by last-minute campaigning before they entered the polling place.
31:
273:
many states passed laws that restricted the type of activities that could be conducted around polling places. One typical law common that was enacted by forty-seven states established a proximity around the polling place where political campaigning and electioneering were banned. Tennessee was one such state, which by
Tennessee Code §§ 2-7-111(b) preventing campaigning - through verbal speech, signs, pamphlets, or other materials - within 100 feet (30 m) of a polling place.
333:. Blackmun wrote in his opinion that "We simply do not view the question whether the 100-foot boundary line could be somewhat tighter as a question of constitutional dimension...The state of Tennessee has decided that these last 15 seconds before its citizens enter the polling place should be their own, as free from interference as possible. We do not find that this is an unconstitutional choice." Justice
272:
Prior to the late 19th century, polling places lacked the privacy and decorum of more contemporary times, with campaigners allowed to directly speak to voters as they were submitting their ballots on election day, leading to voter intimidation. From the end of the 19th century into the 20th century,
1882:
1314:
378:), the Court was presented with a challenge to a Minnesota law that restricted voters from wearing items of clothing with "political" messages. The law was challenged as unconstitutionally violating free speech rights. The lower courts had used the Court's decision in
1357:
967:
780:
4172:
1768:
386:, which set narrow bounds on what the state could restrict around polling places (specifically, political campaigning speech), the Minnesota laws was too vague on what was allowed or not, and reversed the decision of lower courts.
308:
for writ of certiorari, asking the question if the
Tennessee 100-ft radius statute violated the First Amendment. The Court granted to hear the case, with oral arguments hear on October 8, 1991. The case was heard before Justice
4494:
316:
The Court issued its decision on May 26, 1992, ruling in a 5–3 vote, that the
Tennessee 100-ft statute did not violate the First Amendment, reversing the lower court's judgement. The majority opinion was written by Justice
288:. The Chancery judge ruled to dismiss the complaint, finding that the statute did not violate either federal or state law, as it served a compelling state interest to avoid voter intimidation. The case was appealed to the
2808:
1942:
3544:
3314:
6100:
5956:
4470:
4438:
4374:
3419:
1491:
1015:
495:"2010 Tennessee Code :: Title 2 - Elections :: Chapter 7 - Procedure at the Polling Place :: :: 2-7-111 - Posting of sample ballots and instructions Arrangement of polling place Restrictions"
1688:
280:. She filed a suit within the Tennessee Chancery Courts to seek an injunction to permanently block enforcement of TCA §§ 2-7-111(b), arguing it was unconstitutional for violating the free speech rights by the
6233:
2657:
4342:
1918:
4486:
4662:
4100:
4084:
3937:
3929:
3427:
1207:
4917:
1632:
4012:
3004:
4478:
3411:
1330:
5518:
3869:
3435:
999:
468:"Ban on Polling Place Solicitations Upheld : Law: The high court sees infringement upon First Amendment but rules that states have compelling interest to prevent intimidation and fraud"
3592:
2295:
1776:
3708:
3700:
4462:
4289:
3739:
2130:
5550:
4837:
4821:
4718:
2996:
1373:
1047:
679:
543:
277:
115:
72:
6140:
5542:
5000:
4430:
1962:
1215:
4382:
4020:
3668:
4201:
4068:
3861:
3379:
2601:
1837:
1760:
1055:
6172:
6039:
4773:
4558:
3844:
3224:
695:
620:
281:
261:
3913:
3643:
1156:
727:
2972:
6238:
5819:
5574:
4925:
1890:
1290:
5152:
3080:
748:
337:
also concurred in a separate decision, though argued that
Tennessee would not need a compelling reason to issue a "viewpoint-neutral" restriction on free speech.
4334:
3608:
1007:
2569:
5859:
5775:
5457:
5024:
3800:
3184:
2871:
2681:
5668:
5206:
5059:
4566:
4526:
2689:
1784:
1180:
1172:
6228:
4654:
4390:
3763:
3560:
2633:
2617:
2609:
671:
430:
3568:
2625:
6243:
5361:
5263:
4757:
4614:
4281:
3684:
3512:
3160:
2521:
2489:
1845:
1680:
1063:
895:
260:
case in which the Court held that a
Tennessee law that restricted political campaigning within 100 feet (30 m) of a polling place did not violate the
3216:
2385:
1365:
1231:
879:
611:
4606:
959:
6223:
6047:
5641:
4909:
4829:
4694:
4534:
3387:
3330:
2585:
6180:
4678:
5633:
6072:
5120:
4845:
4813:
4797:
4305:
3905:
3853:
3832:
3371:
2593:
2016:
1560:
5676:
5008:
4738:
4052:
3921:
3269:
2553:
1704:
1223:
764:
4670:
6023:
4885:
4869:
4132:
3961:
3889:
2035:
1808:
1247:
1188:
3338:
1736:
847:
5972:
5721:
5337:
4590:
3488:
3403:
3346:
2816:
1926:
1400:
1116:
366:
5590:
5087:
3528:
2767:
1874:
1416:
1306:
772:
512:
305:
257:
35:
4598:
3536:
1274:
6124:
4164:
4076:
3692:
3520:
3033:
2734:
2545:
2220:
1909:
5353:
4028:
1744:
1483:
919:
5940:
5924:
5609:
4789:
4582:
3897:
3144:
2649:
1459:
935:
3168:
6148:
5932:
5582:
5171:
4638:
4630:
4510:
4297:
3980:
3808:
3584:
2697:
2513:
2425:
2066:
5465:
6196:
5510:
5502:
5433:
5404:
4781:
4358:
4233:
4108:
2537:
2263:
2196:
1800:
1092:
788:
132:
Tennessee's statute restricting electioneering in a 100-foot radius around polling places did not violate the First
Amendment
4805:
4550:
3504:
2911:
2561:
1728:
6015:
4765:
4414:
3322:
5964:
4941:
4446:
4398:
4241:
4124:
3824:
3731:
2948:
2775:
983:
831:
703:
4518:
4502:
756:
5843:
5329:
4984:
4622:
4273:
3635:
3552:
3152:
3049:
2940:
2903:
2182:
1752:
604:
4257:
1298:
6084:
5730:
5566:
5526:
3771:
3200:
3096:
2441:
2368:
2255:
2204:
1696:
1239:
2847:
3472:
5999:
5916:
5617:
4957:
4686:
3443:
2980:
2303:
2279:
951:
823:
719:
6007:
352:. Stevens believed that the state had not shown a compelling reason to restrict free speech in the 100-ft radius.
6116:
5625:
5473:
5321:
5305:
3112:
2665:
2449:
1536:
285:
4574:
5827:
5412:
4350:
4326:
3953:
3298:
3277:
2895:
2673:
2457:
2417:
2212:
2187:
2143:
2074:
2021:
1584:
1282:
1039:
796:
5179:
3496:
276:
In the lead-up to the 1987 election, Mary
Freeman was the treasurer for the campaign for a candidate for the
5534:
5494:
4217:
3451:
3176:
3041:
3025:
2988:
2839:
2742:
2348:
2247:
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2122:
2090:
2059:
1576:
1552:
597:
289:
107:
5198:
572:
5800:
5449:
4901:
3874:
3072:
2964:
2377:
2356:
2332:
2138:
1616:
871:
345:
175:
5230:
6031:
5289:
5104:
5051:
4180:
2393:
2106:
2082:
1865:
1720:
911:
547:
494:
119:
64:
6092:
5991:
5767:
5345:
4542:
1971:
1467:
927:
467:
943:
4853:
4265:
4209:
4092:
3480:
3306:
3104:
3088:
2863:
2787:
2505:
2473:
1600:
1524:
1148:
1124:
863:
634:
313:
was formally appointed to the
Supreme Court, and he did not participate in the subsequent decisions.
903:
887:
554:
5738:
5709:
5649:
5144:
4646:
4366:
4060:
4044:
3988:
3240:
3136:
2855:
2409:
2401:
2287:
2158:
1392:
1322:
804:
4454:
5948:
5878:
5759:
5684:
5441:
5396:
5369:
5128:
5075:
4949:
4877:
4422:
3945:
3816:
3128:
2879:
2791:
2718:
2529:
2481:
2465:
2433:
2271:
2098:
1987:
1664:
1648:
1640:
1624:
1435:
1408:
1140:
1023:
687:
517:
6156:
5558:
5297:
4933:
4710:
4317:
4144:
3996:
3755:
3720:
3395:
3261:
3192:
2919:
2641:
2577:
2497:
2340:
2238:
1475:
1100:
1031:
991:
855:
663:
655:
472:
341:
322:
167:
147:
6132:
5835:
5214:
5096:
5043:
4992:
4976:
4861:
4749:
4225:
4036:
3676:
3362:
3232:
3120:
2887:
2311:
1950:
1934:
1792:
1672:
1608:
1568:
1443:
975:
711:
6108:
5851:
5377:
5313:
5275:
5136:
5067:
4726:
4249:
4156:
3779:
3616:
3600:
3576:
2828:
2800:
2758:
2726:
2170:
2114:
1853:
1592:
1544:
1499:
1451:
1266:
1132:
1108:
1071:
349:
330:
310:
199:
187:
103:
589:
382:
to assert the
Minnesota law was similarly valid. The Court instead ruled 7-2 that unlike
6164:
5238:
5222:
4116:
4004:
3881:
2232:
1829:
1358:
Valley Forge
Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
1349:
1164:
968:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
839:
563:
403:
334:
318:
301:
179:
163:
6217:
2956:
2150:
1979:
5897:
5112:
4893:
4702:
4559:
Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of Business and Professional Regulation, Bd. of Accountancy
4406:
3791:
3747:
3063:
1712:
1656:
191:
67:
6188:
5016:
2323:
431:"Should Polling Places Remain Politics-Free? Justices Incredulous At Both Sides"
326:
155:
5485:
5280:
2046:
111:
513:"Supreme Court Strikes Down Law Barring Political Apparel at Polling Places"
79:
581:
2051:
4479:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
3412:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
4527:
Peel v. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of Illinois
1943:
Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania
100:
4439:
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
6101:
Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc.
5957:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
3420:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
4495:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. U.S. Olympic Committee
4471:
Zauderer v. Off. of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio
4375:
Virginia State Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council
3315:
Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association
2658:
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression v. Strickland
245:
Thomas took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
4615:
Los Angeles Police Department v. United Reporting Publishing Co.
4282:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
1681:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
6070:
5798:
5707:
5261:
3545:
Board of Regents of the Univ. of Wisconsin System v. Southworth
3428:
Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc.
2014:
1522:
632:
593:
30:
4663:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
4173:
U.S. Civil Service Comm'n v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers
4101:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
4085:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
3938:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
3930:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
880:
Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty
435:
4607:
Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn., Inc. v. United States
1633:
Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Massachusetts, Inc.
960:
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan
6048:
Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party
4343:
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Comm'n on Human Relations
3331:
International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
3005:
City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC
6181:
BE and K Construction Co. v. National Labor Relations Board
4679:
Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA
4487:
Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico
1331:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano
5634:
Denver Area Ed. Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC
4918:
Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett
3436:
National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra
1919:
Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal
1492:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
1016:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
1000:
Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind
6234:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
1777:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
1208:
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School Dist.
364:
would later be referenced in a 2018 Supreme Court case,
5519:
Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n, Inc. v. Bresler
5551:
Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.
4671:
Milavetz, Gallop & Milavetz, P.A. v. United States
4463:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
4290:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
4838:
FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee
4822:
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC
4719:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
2997:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
1216:
Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette
680:
County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union
278:
Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County
6141:
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
5543:
Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.
3339:
Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes
2131:
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Bd.
1737:
Frazee v. Illinois Department of Employment Security
5983:
5908:
5889:
5870:
5811:
5749:
5720:
5660:
5601:
5484:
5423:
5388:
5274:
5190:
5163:
5086:
5035:
4968:
4737:
4316:
4191:
4143:
4013:
Mt. Healthy City School Dist. Board of Ed. v. Doyle
3972:
3843:
3790:
3719:
3709:
USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International II
3669:
Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington
3658:
3627:
3462:
3361:
3288:
3251:
3060:
3015:
2930:
2827:
2786:
2757:
2708:
2367:
2322:
2231:
2181:
2045:
2034:
1961:
1908:
1901:
1864:
1819:
1427:
1384:
1341:
1258:
1199:
1082:
848:
Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen
815:
738:
645:
236:
228:
220:
212:
207:
136:
126:
92:
87:
59:
49:
42:
23:
4069:United States v. National Treasury Employees Union
3862:West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
3740:Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans
3701:USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International I
2602:United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
1761:Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
1401:Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley
6173:Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation
6040:New York State Board of Elections v. Lopez Torres
5001:Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee
4774:Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley
3225:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
2973:Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Crime Victims Board
696:McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union
282:First Amendment of the United States Constitution
3870:Tinker v. Des Moines Ind. Community School Dist.
3644:Minnesota Board for Community Colleges v. Knight
2809:Board of Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus
1315:Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich
728:American Legion v. American Humanist Association
5820:Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath
5575:Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton
4926:American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock
4599:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
4383:Linmark Assoc., Inc. v. Township of Willingboro
3537:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
1891:Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru
1275:Gonzalez v. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila
5153:National Rifle Association of America v. Vullo
4202:Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
3609:Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association
1008:Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District
605:
216:Blackmun, joined by Rehnquist, White, Kennedy
8:
5860:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5776:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5458:Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner
5025:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
4029:Smith v. Arkansas State Hwy. Employees Local
3380:West Virginia State Board of Ed. v. Barnette
3185:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
2872:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
1745:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
1484:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
920:Public Funds for Public Schools v. Marburger
5669:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
5060:Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck
4567:Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp.
4021:Givhan v. Western Line Consol. School Dist.
1785:Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
1374:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
1048:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
936:Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland
6067:
5808:
5795:
5717:
5704:
5271:
5258:
4391:Carey v. Population Services International
4077:Board of Comm'rs, Wabaunsee Cty. v. Umbehr
3914:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
3764:Houston Community College System v. Wilson
3624:
3169:USPS v. Council of Greenburgh Civic Assns.
3057:
2610:City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.
2570:American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut
2296:Nat'l Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie
2042:
2031:
2011:
1905:
1816:
1519:
1157:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
749:Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York
672:Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary
642:
629:
612:
598:
590:
20:
6149:Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees
5362:Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia
4758:First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
4639:Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
4431:Consol. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n
3685:National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley
3585:Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Association
3513:Communications Workers of America v. Beck
2522:United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film
2490:United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs
1846:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
1769:Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton
1064:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
896:Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist
506:
504:
5207:Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Union
2386:United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
1366:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
1232:Good News Club v. Milford Central School
5941:New York Club Ass'n v. City of New York
5642:Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC
4910:Nevada Commission on Ethics v. Carrigan
4830:Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC
4782:FEC v. National Right to Work Committee
4695:Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman
4535:City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network
3569:Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n
3388:Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
2626:United States v. American Library Ass'n
2586:United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.
2538:Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad
395:
6239:United States First Amendment case law
5677:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
4846:Republican Party of Minnesota v. White
4814:Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
4806:Eu v. S.F. Cty. Democratic Cent. Comm.
4798:FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life
4551:United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co.
4306:Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement
3906:Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
3854:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
3833:Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb
3801:American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
3505:Chicago Local Teachers Union v. Hudson
3372:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
2682:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Ass'n
2562:Vance v. Universal Amusement Co., Inc.
1561:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
1181:Elk Grove Unif. School Dist. v. Newdow
344:wrote the dissent, joined by Justices
6016:Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party
5933:Rotary Int'l v. Rotary Club of Duarte
4766:California Medical Association v. FEC
4415:Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association
4053:Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
3323:Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense Fund
3217:Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc.
2554:Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc.
1705:Bob Jones University v. United States
765:Bob Jones University v. United States
429:Totenburg, Nina (February 28, 2018).
18:1992 United States Supreme Court case
7:
6024:California Democratic Party v. Jones
5466:Arkansas Writers' Project v. Ragland
4886:FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
4870:Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. FEC
4655:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
3962:Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
3890:Island Trees School District v. Pico
3561:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
2690:FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.
984:School Dist. of Grand Rapids v. Ball
5973:Christian Legal Society v. Martinez
5338:New York Times Co. v. United States
4591:44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
4519:State University of New York v. Fox
4503:Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association
3489:Abood v. Detroit Board of Education
3404:Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins
3347:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
2817:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
1927:Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
1117:Abington School District v. Schempp
757:California v. Grace Brethren Church
367:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
240:Stevens, joined by O'Connor, Souter
5591:Obsidian Finance Group, LLC v. Cox
4623:United States v. United Foods Inc.
4274:Mine Workers v. Illinois Bar Assn.
3636:Steele v. Louisville & N.R. Co
3553:United States v. United Foods Inc.
2768:Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
1875:NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago
1417:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
1307:Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church
773:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
6229:United States Supreme Court cases
6125:United Mine Workers v. Pennington
5009:McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n
4511:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
4298:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
4258:Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia Bar
4165:United Public Workers v. Mitchell
4133:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
3693:Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez
3521:Keller v. State Bar of California
3161:Org. for a Better Austin v. Keefe
3034:Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.
2735:Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
2546:Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville
2221:Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus
1809:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1299:Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
1291:Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
1248:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1189:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1173:Santa Fe Ind. School Dist. v. Doe
781:Corp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos
550:191 (1992) is available from:
6244:United States elections case law
5925:Roberts v. United States Jaycees
5610:Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
4790:FEC v. National Conservative PAC
4583:Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc.
3922:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
3898:Bethel School District v. Fraser
3270:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
3145:Carroll v. Town of Princess Anne
1838:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
1224:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
1056:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
29:
5583:Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.
5172:NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
5121:Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach
4631:Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly
4335:Rowan v. U.S. Post Office Dept.
3981:Pickering v. Board of Education
3809:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3529:Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n
2698:Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton
2514:Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
2426:MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day
2067:Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
6224:1992 in United States case law
6197:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
5511:Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
5503:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
5434:Grosjean v. American Press Co.
5405:Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
5354:Nebraska Press Ass'n v. Stuart
4359:Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar
4234:Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
4109:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
3473:Ry. Emps. Department v. Hanson
2264:Terminiello v. City of Chicago
2197:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
1902:Statutory religious exemptions
1801:Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
1093:McCollum v. Board of Education
789:Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock
511:Liptak, Adam (June 14, 2018).
466:Savage, David (May 27, 1992).
1:
6000:Democratic Party v. Wisconsin
5965:Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
5917:Hishon v. King & Spalding
4942:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
4447:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
4399:Bates v. State Bar of Arizona
4242:Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown
4125:Heffernan v. City of Paterson
3825:Keyishian v. Board of Regents
3732:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
2949:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
2776:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
1460:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
952:New York v. Cathedral Academy
832:Everson v. Board of Education
824:Cochran v. Board of Education
704:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
621:United States First Amendment
256:, 504 U.S. 191 (1992), was a
6008:Tashjian v. Republican Party
5844:Bates v. City of Little Rock
5750:Protection from prosecution
5330:Lamont v. Postmaster General
4985:Bates v. City of Little Rock
3153:Coates v. City of Cincinnati
3050:Packingham v. North Carolina
2941:Lamont v. Postmaster General
1753:Employment Division v. Smith
6085:United States v. Cruikshank
5731:United States v. Cruikshank
5626:FCC v. WNCN Listeners Guild
5567:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
5527:Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
3772:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
3201:Ward v. Rock Against Racism
3097:Martin v. City of Struthers
2912:City of Erie v. Pap's A. M.
2442:Quantity of Books v. Kansas
2256:Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
2205:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
1729:O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
1240:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
542:Text of Burson v. Freeman,
306:United States Supreme Court
258:United States Supreme Court
6260:
5618:FCC v. Pacifica Foundation
4958:FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate
4687:Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc.
4575:Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co.
3444:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
2981:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
2304:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
2280:Gregory v. City of Chicago
720:Town of Greece v. Galloway
582:Oyez (oral argument audio)
6117:Edwards v. South Carolina
6079:
6066:
5807:
5794:
5716:
5703:
5474:Cohen v. Cowles Media Co.
5322:Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc.
5306:Lovell v. City of Griffin
5270:
5257:
3113:Edwards v. South Carolina
2666:United States v. Kilbride
2650:United States v. Williams
2450:Ginzburg v. United States
2030:
2010:
1537:Reynolds v. United States
1531:
1518:
641:
628:
372:Minnesota Voters Alliance
321:, and joined by Justices
286:Constitution of Tennessee
244:
141:
131:
28:
5828:Watkins v. United States
5413:Florida Star v. B. J. F.
4351:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
4327:Valentine v. Chrestensen
3954:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
3628:Compelled representation
3593:Knox v. SEIU, Local 1000
3299:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
3278:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2896:United States v. Eichman
2848:United States v. O'Brien
2674:United States v. Stevens
2458:Memoirs v. Massachusetts
2418:Marcus v. Search Warrant
2213:United States v. Alvarez
2144:clear and present danger
2075:Schenck v. United States
1585:United States v. Ballard
1283:United States v. Ballard
1200:Private religious speech
1040:Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
797:City of Boerne v. Flores
360:The Court's decision in
5984:Primaries and elections
5535:Time, Inc. v. Firestone
5495:Beauharnais v. Illinois
5180:FTC v. Superior Ct. TLA
4218:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
3497:Ellis v. Railway Clerks
3452:Moody v. NetChoice, LLC
3042:City of Ladue v. Gilleo
3026:Schneider v. New Jersey
2989:Reed v. Town of Gilbert
2840:Stromberg v. California
2743:United States v. Hansen
2349:Elonis v. United States
2248:Cantwell v. Connecticut
2164:imminent lawless action
2123:Dennis v. United States
2091:Abrams v. United States
2060:Alien and Sedition Acts
1577:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
1553:Cantwell v. Connecticut
1259:Internal church affairs
300:State Attorney General
290:Tennessee Supreme Court
5909:Membership restriction
5801:Freedom of association
5752:and state restrictions
5450:Houchins v. KQED, Inc.
4902:Citizens United v. FEC
3875:substantial disruption
3177:United States v. Grace
3073:Davis v. Massachusetts
2904:Barnes v. Glen Theatre
2378:Rosen v. United States
2357:Counterman v. Colorado
2333:Watts v. United States
2139:Yates v. United States
1689:Thomas v. Review Board
1617:Fowler v. Rhode Island
408:, 504 U.S. 191 (1992)"
43:Argued October 8, 1991
5661:Copyrighted materials
5290:Patterson v. Colorado
5199:Procunier v. Martinez
5052:Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
4194:restriction of speech
4181:Broadrick v. Oklahoma
2394:Roth v. United States
2107:Whitney v. California
2083:Debs v. United States
1883:Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC
1866:Ministerial exception
1820:Exclusion of religion
1721:Goldman v. Weinberger
370:(Docket 16–1435). In
78:112 S. Ct. 1846; 119
5264:Freedom of the press
5088:Official retaliation
4742:and political speech
4266:Freedman v. Maryland
4210:Cox v. New Hampshire
4093:Garcetti v. Ceballos
3481:Machinists v. Street
3105:Niemotko v. Maryland
3089:Thornhill v. Alabama
2965:Butterworth v. Smith
2864:Spence v. Washington
2506:Miller v. California
2474:Ginsberg v. New York
1822:from public benefits
1697:United States v. Lee
1601:Niemotko v. Maryland
1525:Free Exercise Clause
1149:Edwards v. Aguillard
1125:Epperson v. Arkansas
872:Lemon v. Kurtzman II
864:Tilton v. Richardson
635:Establishment Clause
224:Scalia (in judgment)
45:Decided May 26, 1992
6073:Freedom to petition
5739:Presser v. Illinois
5710:Freedom of assembly
5650:Bartnicki v. Vopper
5231:Overton v. Bazzetta
5145:Gonzalez v. Trevino
4647:Nike, Inc. v. Kasky
4367:Bigelow v. Virginia
4061:Waters v. Churchill
4045:Rankin v. McPherson
3989:Perry v. Sindermann
3241:McCullen v. Coakley
3137:Adderley v. Florida
2856:Cohen v. California
2711:to criminal conduct
2634:Ashcroft v. ACLU II
2410:Smith v. California
2402:One, Inc. v. Olesen
2288:Cohen v. California
2159:Brandenburg v. Ohio
1393:McGowan v. Maryland
805:Cutter v. Wilkinson
739:Statutory religious
573:Library of Congress
346:Sandra Day O'Connor
176:Sandra Day O'Connor
6032:Clingman v. Beaver
5949:Dallas v. Stanglin
5879:Baggett v. Bullitt
5760:De Jonge v. Oregon
5685:Eldred v. Ashcroft
5442:Branzburg v. Hayes
5397:Time, Inc. v. Hill
5129:Nieves v. Bartlett
5105:Reichle v. Howards
5076:Murthy v. Missouri
4950:Thompson v. Hebdon
4878:Randall v. Sorrell
4423:Friedman v. Rogers
3946:Morse v. Frederick
3817:Speiser v. Randall
3129:Brown v. Louisiana
2880:Dallas v. Stanglin
2719:New York v. Ferber
2618:Ashcroft v. ACLU I
2530:Jenkins v. Georgia
2482:Stanley v. Georgia
2466:Redrup v. New York
2434:Jacobellis v. Ohio
2272:Feiner v. New York
2099:Gitlow v. New York
1988:Ramirez v. Collier
1665:Wisconsin v. Yoder
1649:Sherbert v. Verner
1641:Torcaso v. Watkins
1625:Braunfeld v. Brown
1436:Torcaso v. Watkins
1409:Braunfeld v. Brown
1141:Wallace v. Jaffree
1024:Agostini v. Felton
912:Wheeler v. Barrera
688:Van Orden v. Perry
518:The New York Times
152:Associate Justices
6211:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6157:McDonald v. Smith
6093:Thomas v. Collins
6062:
6061:
6058:
6057:
5992:Cousins v. Wigoda
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5768:Thomas v. Collins
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5559:McDonald v. Smith
5346:Pell v. Procunier
5298:Near v. Minnesota
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
4934:McCutcheon v. FEC
4711:Iancu v. Brunetti
4543:Edenfield v. Fane
4318:Commercial speech
3997:Arnett v. Kennedy
3756:Iancu v. Brunetti
3659:Government grants
3654:
3653:
3465:of others' speech
3463:Compelled subsidy
3396:Wooley v. Maynard
3357:
3356:
3262:Widmar v. Vincent
3209:Burson v. Freeman
3193:Frisby v. Schultz
2920:Virginia v. Black
2753:
2752:
2642:Nitke v. Gonzales
2578:People v. Freeman
2498:Kois v. Wisconsin
2341:Virginia v. Black
2017:Freedom of speech
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1972:Sossamon v. Texas
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1476:Bowen v. Kendrick
1468:Larson v. Valente
1342:Taxpayer standing
1101:Zorach v. Clauson
1032:Mitchell v. Helms
992:Aguilar v. Felton
928:Meek v. Pittenger
856:Lemon v. Kurtzman
664:Lynch v. Donnelly
656:Marsh v. Chambers
473:Los Angeles Times
406:Burson v. Freeman
342:John Paul Stevens
323:William Rehnquist
253:Burson v. Freeman
249:
248:
148:William Rehnquist
97:Freeman v. Burson
54:Burson v. Freeman
24:Burson v. Freeman
6251:
6133:Cox v. Louisiana
6068:
5836:NAACP v. Alabama
5809:
5796:
5718:
5705:
5276:Prior restraints
5272:
5259:
5215:Turner v. Safley
5097:Hartman v. Moore
5044:Marsh v. Alabama
4993:Buckley v. Valeo
4977:NAACP v. Alabama
4969:Anonymous speech
4862:McConnell v. FEC
4750:Buckley v. Valeo
4739:Campaign finance
4226:Kunz v. New York
4037:Connick v. Myers
3973:Public employees
3677:Rust v. Sullivan
3625:
3363:Compelled speech
3233:Hill v. Colorado
3121:Cox v. Louisiana
3058:
2888:Texas v. Johnson
2312:Snyder v. Phelps
2043:
2032:
2025:
2012:
1951:Tanzin v. Tanvir
1935:Zubik v. Burwell
1906:
1817:
1793:Tandon v. Newsom
1673:McDaniel v. Paty
1609:Kunz v. New York
1569:Jamison v. Texas
1520:
1444:McDaniel v. Paty
976:Mueller v. Allen
944:Wolman v. Walter
712:Salazar v. Buono
643:
630:
614:
607:
600:
591:
586:
580:
577:
571:
568:
562:
559:
553:
530:
529:
527:
525:
508:
499:
498:
491:
485:
484:
482:
480:
463:
448:
447:
445:
443:
426:
420:
419:
417:
415:
400:
137:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6203:
6109:NAACP v. Button
6075:
6054:
5979:
5904:
5885:
5866:
5852:NAACP v. Button
5803:
5782:
5751:
5745:
5712:
5691:
5656:
5602:Broadcast media
5597:
5594:(9th Cir. 2014)
5480:
5425:
5419:
5384:
5378:Tory v. Cochran
5314:Tucker v. Texas
5278:
5266:
5245:
5186:
5159:
5137:Egbert v. Boule
5082:
5068:Lindke v. Freed
5031:
4964:
4854:FEC v. Beaumont
4741:
4733:
4727:Vidal v. Elster
4312:
4250:NAACP v. Button
4193:
4187:
4157:Ex parte Curtis
4148:
4139:
3968:
3839:
3786:
3780:Vidal v. Elster
3722:
3715:
3660:
3650:
3623:
3617:Janus v. AFSCME
3601:Harris v. Quinn
3577:Locke v. Karass
3464:
3458:
3353:
3307:Brown v. Glines
3290:
3284:
3253:
3247:
3062:
3056:
3017:
3016:Content-neutral
3011:
2932:
2926:
2831:
2829:Symbolic speech
2823:
2801:Smith v. Goguen
2790:
2782:
2759:Strict scrutiny
2749:
2727:Osborne v. Ohio
2710:
2709:Speech integral
2704:
2669:(9th Cir. 2009)
2661:(6th Cir. 2009)
2645:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
2573:(7th Cir. 1985)
2389:(S.D.N.Y. 1933)
2363:
2318:
2236:
2227:
2186:
2177:
2171:Hess v. Indiana
2115:Fiske v. Kansas
2070:(S.D.N.Y. 1917)
2049:
2037:
2026:
2019:
1994:
1957:
1897:
1860:
1854:Carson v. Makin
1821:
1815:
1593:Tucker v. Texas
1545:Davis v. Beason
1527:
1506:
1500:Trump v. Hawaii
1452:Harris v. McRae
1423:
1380:
1337:
1267:Watson v. Jones
1254:
1195:
1133:Stone v. Graham
1109:Engel v. Vitale
1084:
1078:
1072:Carson v. Makin
811:
740:
734:
647:
646:Public displays
637:
624:
618:
584:
578:
575:
569:
566:
560:
557:
551:
539:
534:
533:
523:
521:
510:
509:
502:
493:
492:
488:
478:
476:
465:
464:
451:
441:
439:
428:
427:
423:
413:
411:
402:
401:
397:
392:
358:
350:David H. Souter
331:Anthony Kennedy
311:Clarence Thomas
304:petitioned the
298:
284:as well as the
270:
262:First Amendment
200:Clarence Thomas
190:
188:Anthony Kennedy
178:
168:John P. Stevens
166:
122:958 (1991).
83:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6257:
6255:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6216:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6193:
6185:
6177:
6169:
6165:Meyer v. Grant
6161:
6153:
6145:
6137:
6129:
6121:
6113:
6105:
6097:
6089:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6044:
6036:
6028:
6020:
6012:
6004:
5996:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5969:
5961:
5953:
5945:
5937:
5929:
5921:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5874:
5872:
5871:Future Conduct
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5815:
5813:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5772:
5764:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5726:
5724:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5681:
5673:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5507:
5499:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5470:
5462:
5454:
5446:
5438:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5409:
5401:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5294:
5285:
5283:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:Beard v. Banks
5235:
5227:
5223:Shaw v. Murphy
5219:
5211:
5203:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5176:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5149:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5101:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5048:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4745:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4117:Lane v. Franks
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4005:Elrod v. Burns
4001:
3993:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3882:Healy v. James
3878:
3866:
3858:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3631:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2835:
2833:
2832:versus conduct
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2796:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2239:heckler's veto
2233:Fighting words
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2155:
2147:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1830:Locke v. Davey
1825:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1350:Flast v. Cohen
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1165:Lee v. Weisman
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1085:public schools
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
972:
964:
956:
948:
940:
932:
924:
916:
908:
904:Sloan v. Lemon
900:
892:
888:Hunt v. McNair
884:
876:
868:
860:
852:
844:
840:Flast v. Cohen
836:
828:
819:
817:
816:Public funding
813:
812:
810:
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
753:
744:
742:
736:
735:
733:
732:
724:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
651:
649:
648:and ceremonies
639:
638:
633:
626:
625:
619:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
588:
587:
555:Google Scholar
538:
537:External links
535:
532:
531:
500:
486:
449:
421:
394:
393:
391:
388:
357:
354:
335:Antonin Scalia
319:Harry Blackmun
302:Charles Burson
297:
294:
269:
266:
247:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
203:
202:
180:Antonin Scalia
164:Harry Blackmun
153:
150:
145:
139:
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
94:
90:
89:
85:
84:
77:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6256:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:Organizations
5810:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5793:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5748:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5722:Incorporation
5719:
5715:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5422:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:Licensing and
4190:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3845:School speech
3842:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3792:Loyalty oaths
3789:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:and subsidies
3657:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:Boos v. Barry
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:Content-based
2929:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:Bond v. Floyd
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:Holt v. Hobbs
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:Jones v. Wolf
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
993:
989:
986:
985:
981:
978:
977:
973:
970:
969:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
825:
821:
820:
818:
814:
807:
806:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
745:
743:
737:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
650:
644:
640:
636:
631:
627:
622:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
549:
545:
541:
540:
536:
520:
519:
514:
507:
505:
501:
496:
490:
487:
475:
474:
469:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
450:
438:
437:
432:
425:
422:
409:
407:
399:
396:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
314:
312:
307:
303:
296:Supreme Court
295:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
267:
265:
263:
259:
255:
254:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:Case opinions
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:Chief Justice
143:
142:
140:
135:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
6195:
6187:
6179:
6171:
6163:
6155:
6147:
6139:
6131:
6123:
6115:
6107:
6099:
6091:
6083:
6046:
6038:
6030:
6022:
6014:
6006:
5998:
5990:
5971:
5963:
5955:
5947:
5939:
5931:
5923:
5915:
5898:In re Primus
5896:
5890:Solicitation
5877:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5774:
5766:
5758:
5737:
5729:
5683:
5675:
5667:
5648:
5640:
5632:
5624:
5616:
5608:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5557:
5549:
5541:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5509:
5501:
5493:
5472:
5464:
5456:
5448:
5440:
5432:
5424:Taxation and
5411:
5403:
5395:
5376:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5237:
5229:
5221:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5178:
5170:
5151:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5119:
5113:Wood v. Moss
5111:
5103:
5095:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5036:State action
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4894:Davis v. FEC
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4703:Matal v. Tam
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4455:In re R.M.J.
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4407:In re Primus
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4149:similar laws
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3748:Matal v. Tam
3746:
3738:
3730:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3642:
3634:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3254:public forum
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3081:Hague v. CIO
3079:
3071:
3064:public forum
3048:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3018:restrictions
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2933:restrictions
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2774:
2766:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2594:Reno v. ACLU
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2324:True threats
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
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2254:
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2211:
2203:
2195:
2188:false speech
2169:
2157:
2149:
2137:
2134:(1955; 1961)
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
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2081:
2073:
2065:
1986:
1978:
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1949:
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1925:
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1807:
1799:
1791:
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1735:
1727:
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1713:Bowen v. Roy
1711:
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1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
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1657:Cruz v. Beto
1655:
1647:
1639:
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1575:
1567:
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747:
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702:
694:
686:
678:
670:
662:
654:
522:. Retrieved
516:
489:
477:. Retrieved
471:
440:. Retrieved
434:
424:
412:. Retrieved
405:
398:
383:
379:
375:
371:
365:
361:
359:
339:
315:
299:
275:
271:
252:
251:
250:
195:
192:David Souter
183:
171:
159:
96:
88:Case history
71:
53:
15:
6189:Doe v. Reed
5370:Lowe v. SEC
5017:Doe v. Reed
2788:Overbreadth
2581:(Cal. 1988)
2036:Unprotected
1083:Religion in
327:Byron White
229:Concurrence
221:Concurrence
156:Byron White
114:. granted,
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390:References
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213:Plurality
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
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442:June 14,
414:June 15,
410:. Justia
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2162:(1969,
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237:Dissent
232:Kennedy
127:Holding
110:1990);
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6027:(2000)
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5936:(1987)
5928:(1984)
5920:(1984)
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5742:(1886)
5734:(1876)
5688:(2003)
5680:(1985)
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5613:(1969)
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5132:(2019)
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5071:(2024)
5063:(2019)
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3767:(2022)
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3076:(1897)
3061:In the
3053:(2017)
3045:(1994)
3037:(1986)
3029:(1939)
3008:(2022)
3000:(2020)
2992:(2015)
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2421:(1961)
2413:(1959)
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2381:(1896)
2360:(2023)
2352:(2015)
2344:(2003)
2336:(1969)
2315:(2011)
2307:(1992)
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2259:(1942)
2251:(1940)
2224:(2014)
2216:(2012)
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2174:(1973)
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2110:(1927)
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2086:(1919)
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2062:(1798)
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2022:portal
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1983:(2015)
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1954:(2020)
1946:(2020)
1938:(2016)
1930:(2014)
1922:(2006)
1894:(2020)
1886:(2012)
1878:(1979)
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1849:(2020)
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1396:(1961)
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1067:(2020)
1059:(2017)
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883:(1973)
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859:(1971)
851:(1968)
843:(1968)
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731:(2019)
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683:(1989)
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585:
579:
576:
570:
567:
564:Justia
561:
558:
552:
384:Burson
380:Burson
362:Burson
356:Impact
198:
196:·
194:
186:
184:·
182:
174:
172:·
170:
162:
160:·
158:
101:S.W.2d
99:, 802
3291:forum
1428:Other
546:
118:
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2237:the
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63:504
4147:and
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376:MVA
116:499
104:210
68:191
6220::
515:.
503:^
470:.
452:^
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325:,
264:.
3877:)
2166:)
2146:)
2024:)
2020:(
613:e
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70:(
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