67:
373:. Only 12 artifacts were found in area three. These consist of 8 flakes, 2 transverse choppers, 1 hand-axe, and a core. The choppers were made from elongated marble pebbles, the hand-axe from a basalt flake, and the core was made from a thick basalt pebble. 6 of the flakes were made from quartz and 2 were made from basalt. There were a small number of objects identified in between these areas. These include 3 basalt flakes, 1 quartz flake, 1 quartz arenite flake, 1
91:
59:
260:, which is a human trait. The fossil contains features of both Early Pleistocene human fossils and Middle Pleistocene fossils, providing archaeologists with evidence of the transition between these two periods. For these reasons, the discovery is considered an important source of information about the
339:
in the northern part of the region. Area two is located on elevated ground in the northeastern part of the region. Area three is located along the western borders of Buya. 98 flakes, 15 choppers, 8 hammerstones, 4 cores, one hand-axe, one pitted pebble, and one trihedral pick were all found in area
300:. They found another million-year-old fossil and some lithic objects. Because of this discovery, the site was nicknamed the "Shrine of the Amygdales" for its large quantity of important archaeological sites. In addition, six traces of 800,000-year-old human footprints have been found in the region.
2777:
Abbate, Ernesto; Albianelli, Andrea; Azzaroli, Augusto; Benvenuti, Marco; Tesfamariam, Berhane; Bruni, Piero; Cipriani, Nicola; Clarke, Ronald J.; Ficcarelli, Giovanni; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Napoleone, Giovanni; Papini, Mauro; Rook, Lorenzo; Sagri, Mario; Tecle, Tewelde Medhin (1998).
1358:
Zanolli, Clément; Bondioli, Luca; Coppa, Alfredo; Dean, Christopher M.; Bayle, Priscilla; Candilio, Francesca; Capuani, Silvia; Dreossi, Diego; Fiore, Ivana; Frayer, David W.; Libsekal, Yosief; Mancini, Lucia; Rook, Lorenzo; Medin Tekle, Tsegai; Tuniz, Claudio (2014-09-01).
1076:
Abbate, Ernesto; Bondioli, Luca; Collina, Carmine; Coppa, Alfredo; Delfino, Massimo; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Libsekal, Yosief; Macchiarelli, Roberto; MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido (2023), Beyin, Amanuel; Wright, David K.; Wilkins, Jayne; Olszewski, Deborah I. (eds.),
360:
were also utilized. 98 total artifacts were recovered from area two. These materials consist of 22 flakes, 10 hand-axes, 9 choppers, and a basalt pebble used as a hammer. Most of the choppers from this area were unworn, with only having
2255:
Martini, Fabio; Libsekal, Yosief; Filippi, Omar; Ghebre/Her, Asmeret; Kashay, Habtom; Kiros, Asmeret; Martino, Gabriele; Okubatsion, Dawit; Segid, Amaha; Solomon, Tekeste; Teka, Zelalem; Yosief, Dessale; Yamane, Samuel (2004-12-31).
2401:
284:. According to Medin, this discovery provided a vital source of information about human development during this time period and an opportunity for further research in Eritrea. In 2012 archaeologists working for the
1119:
Delfino, M.; Abbate, E.; Balter, V.; Bondioli, L.; Candilio, F.; Carnevale, G.; Coppa, C.; Ghezzo, E.; Ghinassi, M.; Libsekal, Y.; Macchiarelli, R.; Martin, J.E.; MartĂnez-Navarro, B.; Medin, T.; Papini, M. (2016).
279:
fossil at the site. Massimo
Delfino, one of the paleontologists, found the artifact while conducting a routine survey of the area. Another excavator, Husein Omar, discovered a set of 650,000 to 1.4 million-year-old
122:. Research began again in 2000. They established a laboratory in 2001 within the National Museum of Eritrea for the safekeeping of the fossils. One of the paleontologists, Lorenzo Rook, unearthed fragments of the
223:
fragment at the site. These fossils are all thought to belong to the same individual. Analysis of the pubic symphysis suggests that the skeleton may have belonged to an individual between the ages of 25-30.
2511:
Delfino, Massimo & Candilio, Francesca & Carnevale, Giorgio & Coppa, Alfredo & Medin, Tsegai & Pavia, Marco & Rook, Lorenzo & Urciuoli, Alessandro & Villa, Andrea. (2018).
1829:
926:
1344:
Macchiarelli, Roberto & Bondioli, Luca & CHECH, MARIO & Coppa, Alfredo & Fiore, Ivana & RUSSOM, REZENE & VECCHI, FRANCESCO & LIBSEKAL, YOSIEF & Rook, Lorenzo. (2004).
2087:
1941:
1777:
2541:"Palaeoenvironments of the Buia Homo site: High-resolution facies analysis and non-marine sequence stratigraphy in the Alat formation (Pleistocene Dandiero Basin, Danakil depression, Eritrea)"
1058:
1858:
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748:. The archaeological site is located within the Dandiero basin, which is the northern part of the Danakil depression. It is named after the Buya village which is located 100 kilometers
1799:
2204:
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than other archaic human fossils. According to research published in 2022, the maxilla of this fossil are larger than any other known Early
Pliocene hominin fossil. Two fossils of
2729:
1037:
2029:
972:
2301:"Stratigraphic context and taxonomic assessment of the large cercopithecoid (Primates, Mammalia) from the late Early Pleistocene palaeoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea)"
2116:
1705:
1007:
2175:
2684:"Taphonomic Analysis of the Late Early Pleistocene Bone Remains from Buia (Dandiero Basin, Danakil Depression, Eritrea):Evidence for Large Mammal and Reptile Butchering"
592:
have been found in Buya. Very few examples of this species dating back to before the Middle
Pleistocene have been identified in Africa. Examples of bird species such as
1970:
2467:"A new species of bull from the Early Pleistocene paleoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea): Parallelism on the dispersal of the genus Bos and the Acheulian culture"
692:
of a hippopotamus fossil. They were likely an attempt to detach the leg from the body. Three short and arched cutmarks were identified on the fossil of a hippopotamus
51:
skull. Two other expeditions in 2011 and 2012 also unearthed ancient hominid fossils at the site. Archaeologists have uncovered large quantities of animal fossils and
1459:
Bruner, Emiliano; Bondioli, Luca; Coppa, Alfredo; Frayer, David W.; Holloway, Ralph L.; Libsekal, Yosief; Medin, Tsegai; Rook, Lorenzo; Macchiarelli, Roberto (2016).
2682:
Fiore, Ivana; Bondioli, Luca; Coppa, Alfredo; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Russom, Rezene; Kashay, Habtom; Solomon, Tekeste; Rook, Lorenzo; Libsekal, Yosief (2004-12-31).
1319:
2058:
1909:
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Following a 1994 prospection of the region, surveys were carried out in 1995. These surveys were conducted by the Asmara
Department of Mines, the Department of
1821:
2234:
649:
were considered as a potential origin of the fossils, however, sea anemone appear in the ocean, whilst these fossils occurred on land. Other species such as
2967:
Multidimensional inversion of MT data from Alid
Geothermal area, Eritrea; comparison with geological structures and identification of a geothermal reservoir
915:
340:
one. 78 of these objects contained unworn edges, with only 37 having any wear. The axes and choppers were made from pebbles. The hammerstones were made of
1933:
2080:
293:
369:
and basalt. Although marble was used for one of them. The one core is made from marble, and the one hammer is made from an elongated oval-shaped basalt
2896:
Abbate, Ernesto; Woldehaimanot, Beraki; Bruni, Piero; Falorni, Paola; Papini, Mauro; Sagri, Mario; Girmay, Simret; Tecle, Tewelde Medhin (2004-12-31).
2420:"The late Early Pleistocene suid remains from the paleoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea): Systematics, biochronology and eco-geographical context"
893:
79:
Surveys and excavations of the region have led to the identification of hundreds of fossils and artifacts. Much of the artifacts found in the area are
3022:
3017:
951:
2965:
1850:
2947:
2346:
Pandolfi, Luca; Martino, Roberta; Belvedere, Matteo; MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Medin, Tsegai; Libsekal, Yosief; Rook, Lorenzo (2023-05-15).
1406:
Beaudet, Amélie; Bruner, Emiliano (2017-08-01). "A frontal lobe surface analysis in three archaic
African human fossils: OH 9, Buia, and Bodo".
1361:"The late Early Pleistocene human dental remains from Uadi Aalad and Mulhuli-Amo (Buia), Eritrean Danakil: Macromorphology and microstructure"
1242:
2761:
1656:
1520:
1219:
1098:
118:. The material they uncovered was stored in the Asmara Department of Mines. Archaeological work was temporarily halted from 1998-1999 by the
2525:
Delfino, Massimo & SEGID, AMAHA & Okubamichael, Desale & SHOSHANI, JEHESKEL & Rook, Lorenzo & LIBSEKAL, YOSIEF. (2004).
2285:
1791:
2402:
Fossil elephants from Buia (Northern Afar
Depression, Eritrea) with remarks on the systematics of Elephas recki (Proboscidea, Elephantidae)
1676:
1155:
2000:
2721:
2196:
2021:
1029:
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found at Buya are water-dependent species that inhabit grassland or savanna environments. For example, taxa found at Buya such as the
688:
fossil also contain scratch marks indicating that it was skinned. V-shaped cutmarks probably made by a lithic tool were found on the
272:
of the fossils dated them to be 0.75±0.16 million years old. Further research led to an estimated age of 1.3±0.3 million years old.
2108:
2299:
Rook, Lorenzo; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Libsekal, Yosief; MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Medin, Tseqai; Papini, Mauro (2010-12-01).
2146:
1697:
999:
2167:
2529:(Eritrea, Northern Danakil Depression). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 110. 51-60. 10.13130/2039-4942/5764.
1962:
843:"The Archives of Eritrea as a Primary Source of Information for the Eritrean Cultural Heritage: Its Nature and Accessibility"
588:
evidence also suggests the reach once was a grassland or savanna located near water. Rare examples of pre-Middle
Pleistocene
2843:"Facies associations of the northern Dandiero Basin (Danakil depression, Eritrea, including the Pleistocene Buya homo site)"
2621:"Unusual Ichnofossils in Homo Erectus-Bearing Beds of the Pleistocene Lake Deposits in Central-Eastern Eritrea, East Africa"
1270:"Multiplying and Sharing Heritage Values: Planning Conservation and Site Management at the Acheulean Sites of Buya, Eritrea"
680:
the animal. Another waterbuck fossil shows oblique, short, and straight scratch marks likely also made by a lithic tool, to
653:
have been considered, however, the patterns in the ichnofossils are unlike other known animals. It is possible that two new
2513:
1410:. Hominin biomechanics, virtual anatomy and inner structural morphology: From head to toe. A tribute to Laurent Puymerail.
3032:
1739:
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filling in imprints left by the original object. It is unclear what organisms could have made it. It can be inferred that
3027:
1315:
2586:
Delfino, Massimo; Segid, Amaha; Yosief, Dessale; Shoshani, Jeheskel; Rook, Lorenzo; Libsekal, Yosief (March 22, 2004).
2050:
1919:
1539:
Bondioli, Luca; Coppa, Alfredo; Frayer, David W.; Libsekal, Yosief; Rook, Lorenzo; Macchiarelli, Roberto (2006-04-01).
3037:
561:
285:
2400:
Ferretti, Marco & Ficcarelli, Giovanni & Libsekal, Yosieph & Tecle, Tewelde & Rook, Lorenzo. (2003).
745:
447:
119:
2602:
1345:
156:
111:
1888:
1586:
Dong, Rui; Pei, Shaojun; Guan, Mengcen; Yau, Shek-Chung; Yin, Changchuan; He, Rong L.; Yau, Stephen S.-T. (2022).
275:
Another team of
Italian, French, and Eritrean paleontologists conducted an excavation in 2011. They found another
184:
1778:
Fission-Track Dating of a tephra layer in the Alat
Formation of the Dandiero Group (Danakil Depression, Eritrea)
1057:
Rook, Lorenzo & Libsekal, Y & Kibreab, A & Russom, R & Tecle, TM & Abbate, Ernesto. (2002).
464:
2226:
2418:
Medin, Tsegai; MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Rivals, Florent; Libsekal, Yosief; Rook, Lorenzo (2015-08-01).
885:
661:
origins have also been considered, although, the complexity of the patterns strongly suggest that they have
1122:"The Buia Project: a summary of two decades of vertebrate paleontology in the Early Pleistocene of Eritrea"
668:
Cutmarks in fossilized bones and flesh indicate that a Pleistocene human population may have practiced the
1763:
1059:
The Buia Project: a collaborative geo-paleontological and paleoanthropological research project in Eritrea
630:
417:
115:
103:
66:
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312:
168:
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943:
2936:
2540:
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2419:
2347:
2300:
1540:
1360:
696:. They appear to have been made by stone tools and to have been intended to separate the leg from the
2854:
2791:
2632:
2552:
2478:
2431:
2359:
1415:
634:
435:
269:
2842:
2898:"Geology of the Homo-Bearing Pleistocene Dandiero Basin (Buia Region, Eritrean Danakil Depression)"
1914:
977:
741:
441:
332:
297:
289:
27:
513:
2935:
Teklesenbet, Andemariam; Eysteinsson, HjĂĄlmar; Karl RosenkjĂŠr, GuĂ°ni; KarlsdĂłttir, Ragna (2010).
2878:
2823:
2664:
2656:
2383:
2081:"ROMA. Un'equipe internazionale guidata dalla Sapienza ha rinvenuto in Eritrea nuovi fossili ..."
1297:
862:
788:
773:
662:
133:
31:
2722:"ICC Briefing No. 1: Internally Displaced Persons' (IDP) Camps in Eritrea - Eritrea | ReliefWeb"
1183:"The large fossil mammals from Buia (Eritrea): systematics, biochronology and paleoenvironments"
1083:
Handbook of Pleistocene Archaeology of Africa : Hominin behavior, geography, and chronology
757:
1757:
1672:
1269:
1147:
2917:
2870:
2815:
2807:
2757:
2703:
2648:
2568:
2514:
The early Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Mulhuli-Amo (Buia area, Danakil Depression, Eritrea)
2494:
2447:
2375:
2328:
2320:
2277:
2258:"Characterization of Lithic Complexes from Buia (Dandiero Basin, Danakil Depression, Eritrea)"
1992:
1851:"Un frammento nel deserto: Ricercatore di Romano trova pezzo di osso di un milione di anni fa"
1652:
1627:
1609:
1568:
1560:
1516:
1488:
1480:
1441:
1388:
1380:
1289:
1215:
1094:
854:
501:. This indicates that humans may have had a relationship with cattle since the Late Pliocene.
406:
304:
1759:
Archaeological Investigation of the Buri Peninsula and Gulf of Zula, Red Sea Coast of Eritrea
489:
may have been identified at the site. Bovid fossils found at Buya contain characteristics of
2909:
2897:
2862:
2799:
2695:
2683:
2640:
2560:
2486:
2439:
2367:
2348:"The latest Early Pleistocene hippopotami from the human-bearing locality of Buia (Eritrea)"
2312:
2269:
2257:
1617:
1599:
1552:
1472:
1431:
1423:
1372:
1281:
1205:
1086:
781:
626:
535:
505:
192:
2465:
MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Rook, Lorenzo; Papini, Mauro; Libsekal, Yosief (2010-02-01).
1776:
Balestrieri, Maria & BIGAZZI, GIULIO & NORELLI, PIO & Oddone, Massimo. (2004).
1461:"The endocast of the one-million-year-old human cranium from Buia (UA 31), Danakil Eritrea"
629:-shaped trace fossils, the other is ring-shaped fossils. These fossils were likely made by
1348:. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 110. 133-144. 10.13130/2039-4942/5768.
749:
638:
474:
261:
220:
212:
200:
1780:.. RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA. 110. 45-49. 10.13130/2039-4942/5763.
1460:
2858:
2795:
2636:
2556:
2482:
2435:
2363:
1419:
2138:
1735:
1728:
Report of the detailed findings of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Eritrea
1622:
1587:
785:
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589:
409:
faunas. Remains of extinct species from this time period found at the site include the
341:
249:
204:
180:
1030:"Le industrie paleolitiche del bacino di Buya (Dancalia, Eritrea): prime osservazioni"
3011:
2882:
2841:
Papini, Mauro; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Libsekal, Yosief; Rook, Lorenzo (2014-01-02).
2827:
2668:
2539:
Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Libsekal, Yosief; Papini, Mauro; Rook, Lorenzo (2009-09-15).
2387:
1510:
1301:
1182:
717:
569:
539:
484:
423:
374:
281:
257:
196:
99:
2619:
Abbate, Ernesto; Bruni, Piero; Landucci, Francesco; PellicanĂČ, Giannantonio (2012).
2371:
179:. The cranium has a long and narrow braincase, round parietooccipital area, bulging
2780:"A one-million-year-old Homo cranium from the Danakil (Afar) Depression of Eritrea"
761:
733:
677:
673:
622:
585:
565:
553:
531:
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429:
308:
245:
176:
124:
107:
47:
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were identified in Buya. These fossils can be divided into two categories. One is
2866:
2751:
2564:
2490:
2443:
2316:
1673:"Eritrea: Discovery of New Fossil | ECSS | Eritrean Center for Strategic Studies"
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1556:
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1090:
800:
725:
721:
658:
646:
324:
320:
208:
52:
2644:
1726:
1427:
1346:
The Late Early Pleistocene human remains from Buia, Danakil Depression, Eritrea
1078:
3002:
2913:
2699:
2273:
1604:
796:
729:
654:
642:
238:
188:
160:
90:
2921:
2874:
2811:
2707:
2652:
2572:
2516:. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana. 57. 10.4435/BSPI.2018.02.
2498:
2473:. Quaternary Changes of Mammalian Communities Across and Between Continents.
2451:
2379:
2324:
2281:
1934:"Tornati alla luce resti di nostro progenitore vissuto un milione di anni fa"
1613:
1588:"Full Chromosomal Relationships Between Populations and the Origin of Humans"
1564:
1484:
1445:
1384:
1293:
1285:
858:
705:
701:
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of animal carcasses. One bovid fossil bears deep cuts on the neck, near the
650:
573:
557:
521:
517:
497:
402:
357:
80:
2332:
1631:
1572:
1492:
1392:
335:. These objects were found across three areas. Area one is located along a
2819:
2227:"[VIDEO] Eritrea: Discovery of Ancient Human Remains in BUYA-UA31"
1210:
756:. The excavated site was 500 meters thick and is southeast of Buya by the
2587:
818:
681:
605:
600:
581:
527:
316:
216:
152:
129:
106:. Buya was excavated from 1995 to 1997 by a team of Eritrean and Italian
3003:
Embassy Media - Eritrea: Discovery of Ancient Human Remains in BUYA-UA31
2779:
2660:
2620:
1234:
866:
842:
604:
were found in the area. These imply that the region had open water with
58:
1884:
1698:"What do we know about the one million year old Eritrean Homo Sapiens?"
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811:
807:
753:
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398:
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35:
1963:"Over 1.5 Million Year-old Human Skeleton Discovered in Buya, Eritrea"
1436:
916:"GEO-ARCHAEOLOGICAL ENDOWMENTS AND THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ERITREA"
405:. The type of animals found at this site are typical for East African
1885:"Scoperto a Buia (Dancalia eritrea) un nuovo cranio umano | Dancalia"
1000:"Eritrea: Discovery of Ancient Human Remains in BUYA-UA31 â Eriswiss"
814:
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have been found at the site. These fossils have been revealed due to
370:
366:
362:
353:
349:
345:
328:
219:
fragment, were uncovered in 1995. In 2003 archaeologists uncovered a
172:
144:
42:
2588:"Fossil Reptiles From the Pleistocene Homo Bearing Locality of Buya"
207:
with maxilla, a slightly more curved frontal profile, and a thinner
2168:"Danakil, an Italian team discovered the 'Shrine of the Amygdales'"
1121:
2803:
2527:
Fossil reptiles from the Pleistocene Homo-Bearing locality of buia
944:"Buia UA 31 | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program"
821:
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140:
65:
57:
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the animal. Another mammalian hip pelvis fossil and a crocodile
509:
479:
242:
676:. These cuts were likely made by a lithic tool and intended to
641:
were responsible for the original imprints. They likely used a
307:
at Buya. According to a 2004 study of the site, they found 133
288:
made another expedition. This project was coordinated with the
128:
fossil Madam Buya. The fossil was found inside of ancient lake
2022:"Homo sapiens scoperto in Eritrea il santuario delle amigdale"
1126:
International Conference on Eritrean Studies "The Way Forward"
365:. The axes are also mostly unworn and are primarily made from
265:
39:
2051:"Il "santuario delle amigdale", scoperta italiana in Eritrea"
1085:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 243â261,
716:
The Buya basin is located in the northwestern part of the
580:
environments. This indicates that the region consisted of
256:
fossil. It also has a cranium which is widest high on the
1792:"Un nouveau crùne d'Homo ergaster découvert en Erythrée"
1316:"Ritrovamenti di ominidi in Dancalia eritrea | Dancalia"
981:(in Italian). May 15, 2004. p. 59. Archived from
2937:"Resistivity Survey in Alid Geothermal Area, Eritrea"
1822:"Aprenent dels amfibis i rĂšptils com a estil de vida"
264:. The fossils found at the site were dated to be one
102:, the Eritrean Ministry of Energy and Mines, and the
38:. It is known for the discovery of Madam Buya, a one
1274:
Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites
584:grassland or savanna habitats situated near water.
163:were missing, although a few were preserved in the
2545:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2424:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1645:NgCheong-Lum, Roseline; Orr, Tamra (2020-04-15).
572:are all creatures that rely on water and live in
2902:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
2688:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
2595:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
2262:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
2197:"In Eritrea un'importante scoperta archeologica"
1187:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
720:. This area contains a village populated by the
1651:. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. p. 6.
1204:, Columbia University Press, pp. 255â257,
1200:Almécija, Sergio (2023-07-12), "Lorenzo Rook",
768:and contains river areas with small numbers of
344:. Some of the axes and the pick were made from
1541:"A one-million-year-old human pubic symphysis"
1509:Reynolds, Sally C.; Bobe, René, eds. (2022).
1034:Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria
973:"La "signora di Buya", un milione di anni fa"
504:Other remnants of extant animals such as the
139:This skeleton consisted of a nearly complete
8:
886:"Buya: the origin of the first Homo sapiens"
252:. These traits are all characteristics of a
704:found at the site indicate the presence of
294:National Museum of Natural History in Paris
215:with dental crowns and roots, as well as a
1061:. Journal of Human Evolution. 42. A29-A30.
548:species have been identified. Most of the
2756:. National Museum of Eritrea. p. 5.
2109:"Eritrea, resti umani nel bacino di Buya"
1621:
1603:
1515:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1465:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1435:
1209:
227:The fossil bears characteristics of both
1745:from the original on September 16, 2023.
1512:African Paleoecology and Human Evolution
728:. This town has an economy sustained by
89:
2207:from the original on September 27, 2022
2119:from the original on September 28, 2020
833:
700:. Bitemarks found on other fossils and
2953:from the original on October 21, 2023.
2753:Archaeo-historical Research on Eritrea
2608:from the original on December 8, 2021.
2288:from the original on November 9, 2023.
954:from the original on November 10, 2023
932:from the original on November 6, 2023.
348:. The flakes were primarily made from
2944:Proceedings World Geothermal Congress
2237:from the original on November 6, 2023
2178:from the original on November 9, 2023
2003:from the original on November 9, 2023
1973:from the original on October 21, 2023
1944:from the original on November 9, 2023
1878:
1876:
1861:from the original on November 9, 2023
1832:from the original on February 1, 2023
1802:from the original on February 4, 2023
1708:from the original on December 1, 2022
1534:
1532:
1504:
1502:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1245:from the original on October 21, 2021
1176:
1174:
1172:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1010:from the original on November 6, 2023
7:
2090:from the original on August 25, 2020
2061:from the original on August 12, 2022
1158:from the original on August 20, 2023
1071:
1069:
1067:
994:
992:
914:Niraj Mishra, Mohammad Alam (2013).
896:from the original on October 7, 2023
880:
878:
876:
377:, and a quartz arenite hammerstone.
70:Archaeological Site In Buya, Eritrea
2149:from the original on March 23, 2023
1891:from the original on March 27, 2023
657:were responsible for the imprints.
2406:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2032:from the original on June 28, 2022
1993:"Ecco il Santuario delle amigdale"
1790:Avenir, Sciences et (2011-01-14).
1040:from the original on July 29, 2022
764:. It is covered in grey and white
303:Archaeologists have uncovered 213
14:
2732:from the original on May 22, 2023
1679:from the original on June 5, 2023
1322:from the original on May 12, 2023
3023:Prehistoric archaeological sites
2084:Archeologia online - Archeomedia
1991:Moriconi, Tiziana (2012-04-04).
1857:(in Italian). February 7, 2011.
3018:Archaeological sites in Eritrea
2372:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108039
2139:"Eritrea, le origini dell'uomo"
1702:Eritrea Ministry Of Information
890:Eritrea Ministry Of Information
618:of fish, were also identified.
478:. One potential new species of
448:Palaeoloxodon recki ileretensis
2225:raimoq, IIIRá« | (2018-05-30).
2137:Dolce, Marilena (2012-04-11).
1910:"Un nuovo cranio umano a Buya"
16:Archaeological site in Eritrea
1:
2867:10.1080/17445647.2013.862748
2565:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.029
2491:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.09.003
2444:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.04.020
2317:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.018
1738:. June 5, 2015. p. 20.
1557:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.01.001
1377:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.005
1235:"National Museum of Eritrea"
1181:Rook, Lorenzo (2004-01-01).
1091:10.1007/978-3-031-20290-2_14
817:that came into contact with
780:rock. This rock basement is
262:development of modern humans
2981:. p. 5. Archived from
2964:Beyene, Andemariam (2012).
608:near dry areas. Fossils of
286:Sapienza University of Rome
195:. It has a more pronounced
120:Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict
3054:
2645:10.2110/palo.2011.p11-054r
2352:Quaternary Science Reviews
2305:Journal of Human Evolution
2115:(in Italian). 2012-04-05.
2057:(in Italian). 2012-04-05.
2028:(in Italian). 2012-04-05.
1545:Journal of Human Evolution
1428:10.1016/j.crpv.2016.12.002
1365:Journal of Human Evolution
847:Rassegna di Studi Etiopici
237:skeletons. It has a large
175:accumulation, and loss of
112:National Museum of Eritrea
1605:10.3389/fgene.2021.828805
1268:Libsekal, Yosief (2008).
1146:Schuster, Angela (1998).
772:. The area is built on a
454:Kolpochoerus olduvaiensis
2750:Melake, Tekeste (2008).
2471:Quaternary International
2079:admin_med (2011-02-01).
1286:10.1179/175355209X452796
1148:"New Skull from Eritrea"
556:, waterbuck, sitatunga,
2914:10.13130/2039-4942/5761
2700:10.13130/2039-4942/5766
2274:10.13130/2039-4942/5767
1756:Bevin, Amaneul (2009).
1152:archive.archaeology.org
810:gneiss, and high-grade
645:to create the imprint.
185:constricted postorbital
167:. The root canals show
1764:Stony Brook University
1408:Comptes Rendus Palevol
841:Tewolde, Azeb (2018).
746:EritreanâEthiopian War
472:, and potentially the
418:Pelorovis oldowayensis
116:University of Florence
104:University of Florence
95:
71:
63:
2979:University of Iceland
1592:Frontiers in Genetics
1211:10.7312/alme20120-063
985:on December 22, 2015.
923:Journal for Geography
740:. In 2000 a camp for
712:Geology and geography
635:soft-bodied organisms
542:, and an unspecified
412:Theropithecus oswaldi
155:and has no remaining
143:, two fragments of a
93:
69:
61:
3033:Homo erectus fossils
2975:Magister Scientiarum
1028:admin (2007-06-01).
950:. 2 September 2020.
436:Hippopotamus gorgops
385:Numerous remains of
270:Fission-track dating
62:Map of Buya, Eritrea
3028:Prehistoric Eritrea
2988:on August 16, 2017.
2859:2014JMaps..10..126P
2796:1998Natur.393..458A
2637:2012Palai..27...97A
2557:2009PPP...280..415G
2483:2010QuInt.212..169M
2436:2015PPP...431...26M
2364:2023QSRv..30808039P
1915:National Geographic
1420:2017CRPal..16..499B
978:Corriere della sera
948:humanorigins.si.edu
566:Nile monitor lizard
562:African rock python
442:Palaeoloxodon recki
298:University of Turin
290:University of Padua
199:, large and deeper
132:located within the
94:Skull of Madam Buya
55:tools in the area.
28:archaeological site
3038:Homo erectus sites
2231:IIIRá« | raimoq.com
1922:on March 18, 2011.
1796:Sciences et Avenir
1477:10.1002/ajpa.22983
1128:. Asmara, Eritrea.
460:Kolpochoerus majus
134:Danakil Depression
96:
72:
64:
32:Danakil Depression
2790:(6684): 458â460.
2763:978-99948-50-00-6
1820:Figuerola, Pere.
1658:978-1-5026-5578-3
1522:978-1-107-07403-3
1221:978-0-231-55398-8
1100:978-3-031-20290-2
407:Early Pleistocene
403:volcanic activity
266:million-years-old
193:cubic centimeters
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1918:. Archived from
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1004:www.eriswiss.com
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871:
870:
838:
799:meta-sediments,
784:and consists of
742:people displaced
536:Old World monkey
506:White rhinoceros
40:million-year-old
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2847:Journal of Maps
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2055:Scienze fanpage
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1079:"Buia, Eritrea"
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750:south-southeast
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639:radial symmetry
590:Nile crocodiles
475:Giraffa pygmaea
466:Metridiochoerus
383:
342:quartz arentine
221:pubic symphysis
213:permanent teeth
205:zygomatic bones
181:occipital lobes
108:paleontologists
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2997:External links
2995:
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2853:(1): 126â135.
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2742:
2728:. 2000-09-25.
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2408:. 23. 244-257.
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2203:(in Italian).
2201:www.turismo.it
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1999:(in Italian).
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1969:. 2011-12-25.
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1887:(in Italian).
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1736:United Nations
1718:
1704:. 2021-10-27.
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892:. 2012-11-23.
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778:Neoproterozoic
713:
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382:
379:
356:, basalt, and
333:trihedral pick
305:lithic objects
231:skeletons and
159:. Most of the
100:Earth Sciences
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1766:. p. 12.
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276:
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254:Homo erectus
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246:neurocranium
234:Homo sapiens
232:
229:Homo erectus
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187:area, and a
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1865:November 9,
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782:metamorphic
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