325:
185:
96:
166:(AZT), which was the first antiretroviral drug that was FDA-approved for the treatment of HIV and AIDS in 1987. AIDS buyers clubs also distributed information about the disease and drug developments, and became an important source of AIDS treatment education and advocacy. An example of an AIDS buyers club was drawn to wider prominence with the 2013 film release
246:
These memberships are typically sold in the course of selling another product, either with a free trial membership being a condition of making the purchase at the offered price or with a free trial membership being included as a "thank you" gift along with the initial purchase. The customer may not
50:
The trend for buyers' clubs, or local co-ops, accelerated starting in the 1970s. However, these groups are organic in structure, locally governed, and can come into being and go out of existence without much publicity, so there is no precise figure for how many buyers' clubs of this sort exist or
46:
In many parts of the United States, Canada, and Europe, families and individuals combine their purchasing power to buy items, typically bulk-type food, in a volume that generates a discounted price from the seller. The seller saves by having only one purchase order to manage and, possibly, less
247:
understand what was purchased or may believe that they have not authorized payment for the membership, and yet the credit card used for the initial purchase is billed for the buyer's club membership at the end of the free trial. According to Iowa
Attorney General
47:
packaging and delivery to deal with. The buyers benefit from a lower per-unit cost and, incidentally, from an increased sense of community and sharing. Bulk-food sellers often provide tools so their customers can set up community buyers' clubs.
78:
in
December 2011 to encourage groups of consumers to work together to negotiate discounted rates for buying goods and services in bulk. The challenge received 110 entries and seven finalists were selected.
258:
Sometimes, a wide variety of products are promised at a discount, and then once the fee is paid the products are unavailable or not as advertised. This is particularly true for travel-related buying clubs.
27:
organized to pool members' collective buying power, enabling them to make purchases at lower prices than are generally available, or to purchase goods that might be difficult to obtain independently.
555:
219:, the FixHepC buyers club was set up by James Freeman and his father John Freeman in Australia in 2015 in order to help individual patients obtain legal access to generic versions of
251:, "Consumers often tell us they don't recall ever having spoken to the companies, and they don't understand how they can be charged when they have not given the company their
652:
454:
243:(FTC) found that fraudulent or misleading buyers clubs were one of the top three types of consumer fraud in 2011, affecting about 0.6% of the US population every year.
599:
700:
487:
71:
688:
583:
559:
556:"Low-cost generic direct-acting antiviral treatment for Hepatitis C is equivalent to branded formulations - EASL, the International Liver Congress™ 2016"
83:
was awarded the runner-up prize for a scheme which uses buying groups to provide workplaces with a weekly supply of food from local businesses.
718:
708:
368:
301:
231:. At EASL International Liver Congress, Dr. Freeman presented data showing how generic versions are as effective as branded products.
427:
59:
611:
131:
677:
492:
594:
579:
240:
139:
138:. The first and largest of these was the People With AIDS Health Group (PWA Health Group), founded in 1986 by
329:
324:
248:
135:
665:
130:
epidemic, AIDS buyers clubs became important as a means of obtaining medications not yet approved by the
734:
159:
274:
693:
252:
24:
278:
168:
291:
636:
537:
462:
423:
417:
364:
297:
360:
333:
30:
Some key examples of buyers clubs include medical purchases of rare medications for treating
657:
527:
519:
143:
75:
624:
455:"IDEAS & TRENDS: A Market for Drugs; AIDS Patients and Their Above-Ground Underground"
532:
507:
147:
184:
95:
728:
353:
215:
In response to the high price of modern direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for
584:"FTC Survey for 2011 Shows an Estimated 25.6 Million Americans Fell Victim to Fraud"
488:"Real life Dallas Buyers Club operation helps hepatitis C patients with free drugs"
701:
Florida Buying Club
Company Agrees to Refunds and Stop Marketing to Iowa Consumers
224:
216:
54:
In the United
Kingdom, the "Smarterbuys" scheme, which helps provide affordable
35:
413:
391:
228:
220:
163:
466:
151:
541:
719:
Liz
Reitzig of Grassfed on the Hill: Food Buying Clubs and Why They Matter
355:
Urban Action
Networks: HIV/AIDS and Community Organizing in New York City
127:
293:
Food Co-ops in
America: Communities, Consumption, and Economic Democracy
155:
523:
58:
to disadvantaged people so that they can buy essential goods, won the
612:"Miller: Buying Clubs Ordered to Pay to Settle Deception Charges"
328: This article incorporates text published under the British
55:
179:
90:
31:
419:
Body Counts: A Memoir of
Politics, Sex, AIDS, and Survival
150:. AIDS buyers clubs distributed such unapproved drugs as
134:
that members thought might be useful in treating HIV and
346:
344:
342:
196:
107:
16:
Club organized to pool members' collective buying power
679:
Refunds coming to 2,600 Iowans after agreement reached
336:, published 28 November 2012, accessed 7 December 2023
506:Freeman, James A. D.; Hill, Andrew (1 July 2016).
352:
332:: Department of Business, Innovation and Skills,
508:"The use of generic medications for hepatitis C"
296:. Cornell University Press. pp. 134–135.
72:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
8:
689:"AG: Florida company to refund 2,600 Iowans"
682:, Des Moines, Iowa: KCCI News, April 6, 2015
653:"Travel Company Is An Agent Of Controversy"
709:"The Traveler, Redefined as Travel Agent"
600:Consumer Fraud in the United States, 2011
531:
486:Richard Woolveridge (November 30, 2015),
162:, as well as cheaper pirated versions of
637:"Time for Vacation – Avoid Travel Scams"
267:
38:sooner, at reduced cost for patients.
359:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp.
7:
707:McDowell, Edwin (October 24, 1999),
448:
446:
703:, Iowa Attorney General, April 2015
614:, November 13, 2001 (press release)
422:. Simon and Schuster. p. 178.
279:"How to Start Your Own Buying Club"
651:Lesley Clark (February 22, 1999),
14:
330:Open Government Licence
687:Matthew Patane (April 6, 2015),
323:
183:
94:
666:"Web Site Nets Airline Gripes"
1:
334:Buy Better Together Challenge
68:Buy Better Together Challenge
64:Buy Better Together Challenge
635:National Consumers League,
453:Kolata, Gina (1988-07-10).
160:DCNB (dinitrochlorobenzene)
751:
290:Anne Meis Knupfer (2013).
239:In the United States, the
493:The Sydney Morning Herald
126:In the early days of the
595:Federal Trade Commission
580:Federal Trade Commission
241:Federal Trade Commission
136:opportunistic infections
42:Community bulk purchases
670:The Los Angeles Times
416:(January 14, 2014).
351:Howard Lune (2007).
70:was launched by the
23:or buying club is a
694:Des Moines Register
66:prize in 2012. The
713:The New York Times
625:Buyers Clubs Fraud
459:The New York Times
392:"PWA Health Group"
253:credit card number
195:. You can help by
169:Dallas Buyers Club
106:. You can help by
81:Fair Food Carlisle
524:10.1111/liv.13157
213:
212:
124:
123:
742:
721:October 20, 2017
715:
697:
683:
673:
661:
658:Orlando Sentinel
639:
633:
627:
623:Fraud Squad TV,
621:
615:
609:
603:
592:
586:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
558:. Archived from
552:
546:
545:
535:
503:
497:
496:
483:
477:
476:
474:
473:
450:
441:
440:
438:
436:
410:
404:
403:
401:
399:
388:
382:
381:
379:
377:
358:
348:
337:
327:
321:
315:
314:
312:
310:
287:
281:
272:
208:
205:
187:
180:
144:Joseph Sonnabend
119:
116:
98:
91:
76:Co-operatives UK
750:
749:
745:
744:
743:
741:
740:
739:
725:
724:
706:
686:
676:
664:
650:
647:
645:Further reading
642:
634:
630:
622:
618:
610:
606:
593:
589:
578:
574:
565:
563:
554:
553:
549:
505:
504:
500:
485:
484:
480:
471:
469:
452:
451:
444:
434:
432:
430:
412:
411:
407:
397:
395:
390:
389:
385:
375:
373:
371:
350:
349:
340:
322:
318:
308:
306:
304:
289:
288:
284:
273:
269:
265:
237:
209:
203:
200:
193:needs expansion
178:
120:
114:
111:
104:needs expansion
89:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
748:
746:
738:
737:
727:
726:
723:
722:
716:
704:
698:
684:
674:
672:, May 16, 1999
662:
646:
643:
641:
640:
628:
616:
604:
587:
572:
547:
518:(7): 929–932.
498:
478:
442:
428:
405:
383:
370:978-0742540842
369:
338:
316:
303:978-0801451140
302:
282:
275:Manage My Coop
266:
264:
261:
236:
233:
211:
210:
190:
188:
177:
174:
148:Michael Callen
122:
121:
101:
99:
88:
85:
51:have existed.
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
747:
736:
733:
732:
730:
720:
717:
714:
710:
705:
702:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
681:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:
659:
654:
649:
648:
644:
638:
632:
629:
626:
620:
617:
613:
608:
605:
602:
601:
596:
591:
588:
585:
581:
576:
573:
562:on 2016-07-29
561:
557:
551:
548:
543:
539:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
499:
495:
494:
489:
482:
479:
468:
464:
460:
456:
449:
447:
443:
431:
429:9781451661972
425:
421:
420:
415:
409:
406:
394:. TheBody.com
393:
387:
384:
372:
366:
362:
357:
356:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
320:
317:
305:
299:
295:
294:
286:
283:
280:
276:
271:
268:
262:
260:
256:
254:
250:
244:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
207:
198:
194:
191:This section
189:
186:
182:
181:
175:
173:
171:
170:
165:
161:
158:sulfate, and
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:Thomas Hannan
137:
133:
129:
118:
109:
105:
102:This section
100:
97:
93:
92:
87:AIDS epidemic
86:
84:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
41:
39:
37:
33:
28:
26:
22:
735:Cooperatives
712:
692:
678:
669:
656:
631:
619:
607:
598:
590:
575:
564:. Retrieved
560:the original
550:
515:
511:
501:
491:
481:
470:. Retrieved
458:
433:. Retrieved
418:
408:
396:. Retrieved
386:
374:. Retrieved
354:
319:
307:. Retrieved
292:
285:
270:
257:
245:
238:
214:
201:
197:adding to it
192:
167:
125:
112:
108:adding to it
103:
80:
67:
63:
53:
49:
45:
29:
20:
18:
225:daclatasvir
217:hepatitis C
176:Hepatitis C
36:hepatitis C
21:buyers club
566:2016-07-20
472:2018-12-27
435:January 3,
414:Sean Strub
398:January 3,
309:6 November
263:References
249:Tom Miller
229:ledipasvir
221:sofosbuvir
164:zidovudine
60:government
512:Liver Int
467:0362-4331
152:ribavirin
115:July 2014
729:Category
542:27306303
204:May 2016
128:HIV/AIDS
533:5108470
376:26 July
156:dextran
540:
530:
465:
426:
367:
300:
227:, and
146:, and
363:–54.
235:Scams
56:loans
538:PMID
463:ISSN
437:2015
424:ISBN
400:2015
378:2014
365:ISBN
311:2017
298:ISBN
74:and
25:club
528:PMC
520:doi
255:."
199:.
132:FDA
110:.
62:'s
34:or
32:HIV
731::
711:,
691:,
668:,
655:,
597:,
582:,
536:.
526:.
516:36
514:.
510:.
490:,
461:.
457:.
445:^
361:53
341:^
277:,
223:,
172:.
154:,
142:,
19:A
569:.
544:.
522::
475:.
439:.
402:.
380:.
313:.
206:)
202:(
117:)
113:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
