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Snell also provided a colleague, J. Paul Scott, with some BALB/c breeding stock in 1938 or 1939. When a fire destroyed the main
Jackson Laboratory buildings in 1947, all of Snell's original breeding stock perished, but Scott's mice were in a different building and survived. Scott donated stock back,
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The BALB/cJ mice have a medium lifespan of about 17 months for males and 20 months for females, and the body weight at 9 weeks after birth is about 27 g (0.95 oz) for males and 21 g (0.74 oz) for females.
949:
Hilgers J., van Nie R., Ivanyi D., Hilkens J., Michalides R., de Moes J., Poort-Keesom R., Kroezen V., von
Deimling O., Kominami R., and Holmes R. (1985) Genetic differences in BALB/c sublines.
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700:. Most substrains have a "long reproductive life-span", are noted for displaying high levels of anxiety and for being relatively resistant to diet-induced
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Eicher E. M., Beamer W. G., Washburn L. L., and
Whitten W. K. (1980) A cytogenetic investigation of inherited true hermaphroditism in BALB/cWt mice.
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143:
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586:, sibling to sibling, for 26 generations over 15 years. During this time, the colony passed through the care of a number of scientists, including
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rather than genetic contamination. For example, male BALB/c mice are aggressive and will fight other males if housed together. However, the
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621:. In 1974, now 136 generations from the original breeding pair, these animals were returned to The Jackson Laboratory and were named
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The founding animals of the strain were obtained by Halsey J. Bagg of
Memorial Hospital, New York, from a mouse dealer in
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and, as of 14 December 2006, were 221 generations from the founding stock. Other less popular substrains, such as
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Southwick C. H. and Clark L. H. (1966) Aggressive behaviour and exploratory activity in fourteen mouse strains.
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627:. On 16 November 2005, The Jackson Laboratory reported this substrain had reached its 235th generation.
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There are noted differences between different BALB/c substrains, though these are thought to be due to
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incidence", but do develop other types of cancers in later life, most commonly reticular neoplasms,
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610:. This stock provided the basis of all the BALB/c substrains that are now in use around the world.
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153:
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Potter M. History of the BALB/c family, pp. 1–5. In: The BALB/c Mouse: Genetics and
Immunology,
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from New York in 1920, BALB/c mice are distributed globally, and are among the most widely used
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of "Bagg" and "Albino." From 1920, the progeny of the original colony were systematically
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BALB/c mice are useful for research into both cancer and immunology. According to
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at generation 41, to repopulate the colony. The progeny of these are now termed
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821:"A Brief History of the Two Substrains of BALB/c, BALB/cJ, and BALB/cByJ"
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676:, BALB/c substrains are "particularly well known for the production of
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and are unable to produce T-cells and are therefore immunodeficient
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from which a number of common substrains are derived. Now over 200
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602:. By 1935 the animals were in the possession of Muller's student,
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704:, making them a useful model for cardiovascular research.
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641:, are maintained at the Jackson Laboratory, while the
719:is also unusual in that 3% of progeny display true
613:Snell provided some animals from this stock to the
886:"The Jackson Laboratory Milestones: 1940 – 1949"
684:," an important process for the production of
803:Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
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414:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
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1117:Animals bred for albinism on a large scale
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688:. They are also reported as having a "low
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27:Laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse
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144:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
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619:University of California, San Francisco
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1054:"Physiological Data Summary – BALB/cJ"
805:, Vol. 122. Springer-Verlag, NY. 1985.
7:
892:. Jackson Laboratory. Archived from
862:. Jackson Laboratory. Archived from
827:. Jackson Laboratory. Archived from
645:substrain is maintained by the NIH.
404:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
715:substrain is much more docile. The
1085:Jackson Laboratory's mouse strains
931:from the original on 11 April 2007
592:Carnegie Institution of Washington
389:Foundation for Biomedical Research
25:
1090:Taconic Biosciences' BALB/c model
399:National Anti-Vivisection Society
91:
1095:Balb/c mice – Horizon Discovery
890:The Jackson Laboratory Timeline
230:Animals (Scientific Procedures)
951:Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.
369:Americans for Medical Progress
114:Alternatives to animal testing
1:
615:National Institutes of Health
600:University of Texas at Austin
444:Understanding Animal Research
263:Cambridge University primates
578:in 1913. The name BALB is a
149:Testing cosmetics on animals
240:International primate trade
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590:and E.C. MacDowell at the
379:Cruelty Free International
308:Charles River Laboratories
129:History of model organisms
119:Animal testing regulations
742:Animal testing on rodents
139:Laboratory animal sources
124:History of animal testing
1122:Laboratory mouse strains
606:, who moved them to The
322:Huntingdon Life Sciences
278:UCR 1985 laboratory raid
419:Primate Freedom Project
327:UK lab animal suppliers
1026:"BALB/c Bagg's Albino"
977:Cytogenet. Cell Genet.
927:. Jackson Laboratory.
778:Inbred Strains of Mice
674:Inbred Strains of Mice
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657:BALB/c nude mice from
235:Great ape research ban
71:animal experimentation
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1100:21 March 2018 at the
981:doi:10.1159/000131518
686:monoclonal antibodies
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273:Silver Spring monkeys
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896:on 15 September 2007
780:. Jackson Laboratory
439:Speaking of Research
1033:insights.envigo.com
925:Jax Mice Data Sheet
866:on 16 November 2006
860:Jax Mice Data Sheet
825:Jax Mice Literature
659:University of Tartu
680:on injection with
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608:Jackson Laboratory
604:George Davis Snell
303:Jackson Laboratory
154:Toxicology testing
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671:Michael Festing's
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864:the original
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835:30 September
833:. Retrieved
829:the original
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737:Animal model
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694:lung tumours
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502:Jerry Vlasak
487:Gill Langley
282:
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953:122, 19-30.
856:"BALB/cByJ"
682:mineral oil
596:H.J. Muller
588:C.C. Little
580:portmanteau
159:Vivisection
63:generations
59:house mouse
18:BALB/c mice
1111:Categories
753:References
516:Categories
374:Boyd Group
168:Testing on
1001:"BALB/cJ"
966:. 6, 559.
921:"BALB/cJ"
624:BALB/cByJ
462:Tipu Aziz
332:Nafovanny
294:Companies
1098:Archived
964:Am. Zool
935:16 April
929:Archived
900:16 April
870:16 April
784:16 April
774:"BALB/c"
731:See also
717:BALB/cWt
713:BALB/Lac
709:mutation
639:BALB/cWt
424:Pro-Test
187:Primates
69:used in
1005:jax.org
989:7470243
747:C57BL/6
643:BALB/cN
634:BALB/cJ
598:at the
313:Covance
197:Rodents
192:Rabbits
77:History
987:
696:, and
663:thymus
584:inbred
317:Harlan
206:Issues
51:albino
49:is an
47:BALB/c
1057:(PDF)
1029:(PDF)
394:FRAME
354:AALAS
249:Cases
182:Frogs
134:IACUC
1068:2022
1040:2022
1012:2022
985:PMID
937:2007
902:2007
872:2007
837:2010
786:2007
594:and
576:Ohio
434:SHAC
409:PETA
359:AAAS
364:ALF
1113::
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563:e
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