852:
315:
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33:
112:, China's signature global connectivity initiative. The BRI was boycotted by India from the start. In May 2019, the BCIM was not mentioned in a list of 35 corridors and projects in a joint communique issued by state leaders attending the 2nd Belt and Road Forum, indicating the BCIM had been dropped from the BRI. In the same year India has sought to keep the BCIM intact by sending a delegation to the 13th BCIM Forum in
2067:
1264:
300:
345:
178:
feature in intergovernmental discussions, at highest political levels, as was recounted above. The initial vision of the
Kunming initiative was to gradually steer the endeavour from an essentially civil society (Track II) to an intergovernmental (Track I) one where political buy-in and intergovernmental ownership would be key to realising the vision and the objectives of the initiative.
862:
330:
1107:
395:, the corridor would constitute as one of the largest free trade areas. Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar hope to create a corridor that would effectively combine road, rail, water and air linkages in the region. This will also improve foreign trade of the BCIM countries and empower bilateral trading.
374:
During the last held session in 2013, India was represented at this week's talks by Joint
Secretary (East Asia) at the Ministry of External Affairs Gautam Bambawale, who was joined by the Deputy Planning Minister of Bangladesh, the Vice Chairman of China's National Development and Reform Commission,
209:
On 18 December 2013, the four nations drew up a long discussed plan, emphasizing the need to quickly improve physical connectivity in the region, over two days of talks in the south-western
Chinese city of Kunming – the provincial capital of Yunnan, which borders Myanmar – on Wednesday and Thursday.
173:
The
Kunming Initiative evolved into the BCIM Forum for Regional Cooperation during its first with the objective to create a platform where major stakeholders could meet and discuss issues in the context of promoting economic growth and trade in the BCIM region; identify specific sectors and projects
245:
The construction of industrial zones will have a twofold benefit. Firstly, it will lead to industrial transfer boosting industries such as processing, manufacturing and commerce logistics. Secondly, as labour costs rise in China, labour-intensive industries such as textile and agro processing will
261:
The eleven BCIM Forums, organised in rotation by the aforesaid institutions in the four countries, have highlighted the potential benefits of closer cooperation among the four countries in such areas as connectivity, trade, investment, energy, water management, tourism and other areas. The four
177:
Over the years, the
Kunming initiative developed into what came to be popularly known as the BCIM Forum. Successive BCIM Forums were held annually making a seminal contribution in raising awareness about the potential benefits accruing from the BCIM cooperation. BCIM cooperation also started to
135:
through the combination of road, rail, water and air linkages in the region. The BCIM envisages greater market access for goods, services and energy, elimination of non-tariff barriers, better trade facilitation, investment in infrastructure development, and joint exploration and development of
246:
eventually be shifted out of China. These industries will need to be transferred to new regions with lower labour costs. Companies operating in China will likely give priority to the trade corridor region given its established infrastructure, improved logistics and ease of access
153:
who advocated that multi-modal transport connectivity and supported by other initiatives and infrastructure development could significantly reduce transaction costs, stimulate trade and investment and consequently accelerate growth and poverty alleviation in this region.
1127:
774:
1003:
1008:
1122:
2029:
1859:
1831:
1984:
241:
The economic advantages of the BCIM trade corridor are considerable, most notably: access to numerous markets in
Southeast Asia, improvement of transportation infrastructure and creation of industrial zones.
157:
Sobhan's pioneering ideas would eventually lead to the development of the platform in the 1990s which came to be known as the "Kunming
Initiative". The first meeting of the Initiative was convened in 1999 in
818:
1527:
174:
which would promote greater collaboration among the BCIM nations; and strengthen cooperation and institutional arrangements among the concerned key players and stakeholders to deepen BCIM ties.
778:
998:
1117:
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in 2013. Li's visit marked the first time high-ranking officials had discussed the trade corridor. Furthermore, earlier in the year, the first ever BCIM car rally was held between
956:
371:) is a sub-regional organisation of Asian nations aimed at greater integration of trade and investment between the four countries and the economic corridor has grown out of it.
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2009:
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447:
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116:, noting however the corridor predates the BRI. Ultimately, the corridor was abandoned due to BCIM's ties to the Belt and Road and the sharp deterioration in
1102:
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170:(CPR) from India and Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences in Kunming, China; from the Myanmar side it was the Ministry of Trade which represented the country.
1895:
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This marked the formal endorsement of the BCIM EC by the four nations, whereby it was agreed that the corridor would run from
Kunming to Kolkata, linking
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993:
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countries also agreed to encourage greater cooperation and exchanges in the BCIM region in the areas of education, sports and science and technology.
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70:
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2019:
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2014:
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The proposed corridor will cover 1.65 million square kilometres, encompassing an estimated 440 million people in China's
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One of the most recent developments to the BCIM came to fruition during the meeting between
Chinese Premier
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1201:
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1613:
745:"Experts hope for greater integration among Bangladesh, India, China and Myanmar in trade, investment"
2039:
1801:
1764:
1608:
752:
2044:
1969:
1917:
1603:
687:
The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New
International Order
1731:
1507:
233:, Myanmar is viewed as a gateway to the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor.
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also stand to gain by higher trade and connectivity with China and the rest of Asia.
150:
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The concept of economic cooperation within the BCIM region was first developed by
1128:
Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India–China Border Affairs
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1417:
1033:
128:
32:
1502:
1028:
305:
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In 2015, China proposed including the corridor as part of its vision for the
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Special Representative mechanism on the India-China boundary question
1048:
124:
1860:
Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project
1832:
Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund
664:"BCIM corridor gets push after first official-level talks in China"
367:
The Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation (
1985:
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia
1659:
1148:
1108:
Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles, 2005
1053:
861:
851:
335:
320:
219:
203:
90:
86:
41:
31:
723:"India and China Seek Economic Integration Via Burma, Bangladesh"
1959:
1644:
1471:
1153:
517:"China's Evolving Strategic Discourse on India • Stimson Center"
113:
1281:
822:
542:"Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor Builds Steam"
162:; presided by a number of representative organisations such as
1954:
274:
Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation
448:"Plan for economic corridor linking India to China approved"
632:"BCIM Economic Corridor: A Giant Step towards Integration"
1118:
India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary question
1624:
Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor
473:"The BCIM economic corridor: Prospects and challenges"
206:
to highlight road connectivity in the four countries.
79:
Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor
957:
Defence of India act and Defence of India rules, 1962
375:
and a Senior economic affairs official from Myanmar.
1944:
1916:
1909:
1888:
1881:
1852:
1789:
1782:
1750:
1712:
1705:
1679:
1672:
1632:
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1589:
1557:
1541:
1495:
1431:
1329:
1315:
1179:
1141:
1019:
934:
901:
870:
610:"The Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Trade Corridor"
360:
289:
279:
272:
777:. International.to. April 30, 2012. Archived from
1423:China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway
1418:Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-China International Highway
578:"BCIM-economic corridor: An emerging opportunity"
1098:Report of the Officials on the Boundary Question
27:Belt and Road Initiative infrastructure project
1413:China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor
2000:Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation
1368:Economic corridor in Greater Mekong Subregion
1293:
952:1962 Indian parliamentary resolution on China
834:
136:mineral, water, and other natural resources.
8:
1487:International North–South Transport Corridor
1103:Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993
1373:China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor
2010:Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
1913:
1885:
1786:
1709:
1676:
1593:
1326:
1300:
1286:
1278:
1113:Border Defence Cooperation Agreement, 2013
841:
827:
819:
269:
2092:International organizations based in Asia
1387:New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor
1807:China-Eurasian Economic Cooperation Fund
1392:Regional Comprehensive Economic Corridor
657:
655:
653:
604:
602:
600:
598:
441:
439:
1812:China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund
1482:China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor
1382:China-Laos-Thailand Railway Cooperation
919:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
716:
714:
712:
710:
636:Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies
416:
1901:Community of shared future for mankind
1722:Agricultural Development Bank of China
1518:Addis Ababa-Djibouti Economic Corridor
1403:Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park
1398:China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park
630:Rashid, Harun Ur (November 12, 2013).
625:
623:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
446:Dasgupta, Saibal (December 20, 2013).
229:The deep water port being enhanced at
1822:China-CEE Investment Cooperation Fund
662:Krishnan, Anant (December 21, 2013).
576:Rahman, Mustafizur (March 15, 2015).
498:"Kunming meet revives BCIM link plan"
85:) was a proposed corridor connecting
73:in orange, the six corridors in black
58: The six Belt and Road corridors
7:
2097:International economic organizations
2035:China-Pacific Island Countries Forum
1995:Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism
1760:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
1687:Internationalization of the renminbi
1549:Agua Negra Pass International Tunnel
814:Tenth Meeting of BCIM Forum, Kolkata
775:"India Has a 'Look East Policy' Too"
515:Antara, Ghosal Singh (May 4, 2022).
71:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
51:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
2020:China-Arab States Cooperation Forum
751:. February 21, 2012. Archived from
666:. Kasturi & Sons Ltd. The Hindu
127:province, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and
1449:China-Europe Land-Sea Express Line
685:Curtis, Simon; Klaus, Ian (2024).
25:
2015:Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
1965:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1171:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2066:
2065:
1580:
1463:Trans-European Transport Network
1408:Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor
1337:China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
1263:
1262:
1081:Differing perceptions of the LAC
860:
850:
423:China Britain Business Council:
405:China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
379:Cooperation with other corridors
343:
328:
313:
298:
2102:Intergovernmental organizations
1865:China-Arab states special loans
1351:China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
721:Lal, Neeta (November 6, 2013).
1564:Transoceanic fiber optic cable
1268:Category:China–India relations
1133:Border Personnel Meeting Point
947:Origins of the Sino-Indian War
164:The Centre for Policy Dialogue
1:
1844:China Africa Development Fund
1619:Global Energy Interconnection
1477:China–Belarus Industrial Park
967:Internment of Chinese-Indians
893:Ambassadors of India to China
883:Ambassadors of China to India
616:. Dezan Shira and Associates.
266:Leadership and representation
249:India's isolated eastern and
69:China in red, Members of the
2117:Bangladesh–Myanmar relations
1817:Russia-China Investment Fund
1377:Laos-China Economic Corridor
909:Greater East Asia Conference
548:. Dezan Shira and Associates
477:Observer Research Foundation
1947:(2019 Leading Group report)
1513:Port Sudan-Ethiopia Railway
974:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
878:Embassy of China, New Delhi
393:ASEAN–India Free Trade Area
389:ASEAN–China Free Trade Area
2148:
2112:Bangladesh–India relations
2107:Bangladesh–China relations
1980:Caribbean Development Bank
1827:China-LAC Cooperation Fund
1021:Sino-Indian border dispute
926:2007 Delhi security summit
914:Sino-Indian Agreement 1954
190:and Indian Prime Minister
168:Centre for Policy Research
2061:
1975:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
1650:China-UAE Industrial Zone
1645:Sino-Oman Industrial Park
1578:
1454:Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway
1356:Eastern Economic Corridor
1259:
1187:Hong Kong–India relations
888:Embassy of India, Beijing
2005:Greater Tumen Initiative
1770:SCO Interbank Consortium
1503:Suez Canal Economic Zone
1458:Alyat Free Economic Zone
1439:New Eurasian Land Bridge
1309:Belt and Road Initiative
689:. New Haven and London:
110:Belt and Road Initiative
2132:India–Myanmar relations
2127:China–Myanmar relations
1945:Multilateral mechanisms
1362:Two Corridors, One Belt
1342:Trans-Himalayan Network
1322:(2019 Joint Communique)
1251:Tamil–Chinese relations
1246:Chola–Chinese relations
1069:Sino-Pakistan Agreement
1004:Chinese Order of battle
166:(CPD) from Bangladesh,
1727:China Development Bank
1192:India–Taiwan relations
1166:BCIM Economic Corridor
1076:Line of Actual Control
1009:Indian Order of battle
74:
2122:China–India relations
1660:Lekki Free Trade Zone
1202:Five Fingers of Tibet
1197:India–Tibet relations
1064:Trans-Karakoram Tract
984:2013 Depsang standoff
857:China–India relations
809:BCIM Business Council
691:Yale University Press
385:ASEAN Free Trade Area
118:Sino-Indian relations
49: Members of the
35:
2040:World Economic Forum
1802:Green Silk Road Fund
1765:New Development Bank
994:2020–2021 skirmishes
989:2017 border standoff
383:Through linking the
251:north-eastern states
2045:Boao Forum for Asia
1970:Asia-Europe Meeting
1918:Belt and Road Forum
1346:China–Nepal Railway
1224:China–India railway
237:Economic advantages
1990:ASEAN-China (10+1)
1508:Cape to Cairo Road
1142:Economic relations
781:on August 12, 2019
430:2017-07-13 at the
281:Official languages
75:
66:Maritime silk road
2079:
2078:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2030:China-CEEC (14+1)
2025:China-CELAC Forum
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1837:China-Brazil Fund
1778:
1777:
1668:
1667:
1614:Digital Silk Road
1590:Linked to the BRI
1576:
1575:
1523:Northern Corridor
1323:
1275:
1274:
1229:China Study Group
425:One Belt One Road
365:
364:
16:(Redirected from
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871:Diplomatic posts
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755:on March 4, 2016
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504:. June 24, 2019.
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962:Forward policy
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2086:Categories
1358:(Thailand)
1029:Aksai Chin
804:BCIM Forum
411:References
306:Bangladesh
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224:Chittagong
188:Li Keqiang
145:Background
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18:BCIM Forum
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103:corridor
93:through
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1432:Eurasia
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361:Leaders
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285:English
216:Myanmar
200:Kunming
196:Kolkata
160:Kunming
140:History
95:Myanmar
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