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224:. The algae were cultivated in stacked tanks under artificial light. To achieve a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide, one human needed 8 square metres (86 sq ft) of exposed Chlorella. Air was purified of more complex organic compounds by heating to 600 °C (1,112 °F) in the presence of a catalyst. Water and nutrients were stored in advance and were also recycled. By 1968, system efficiency had reached 85% by recycling water. Dried meat was imported into the facility, and urine and feces were generally dried and stored, rather than being recycled.
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for growing wheat or vegetables. The plants growing in the two phytotrons contributed approximately 25% of the air filtering in the compound. Later, the algal cultivator was converted into a third phytotron. A level of light comparable to sunlight was supplied in each of the 4 compartments by 20 kW
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Its construction began in 1965, and was completed in 1972. BIOS-3 consists of a 315 cubic metres (11,100 cu ft) underground steel structure suitable for up to three persons, and was initially used for developing closed ecological human life-support ecosystems. It was divided into 4
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BIOS-3 facilities were used to conduct 10 manned closure experiments with a one to three man crew. The longest experiment with a three-man crew lasted 180 days (in 1972-1973). The facilities were used for the tests at least until 1984.
243:, which led to further cooperation. In 1989, a group from Biosphere 2 visited the BIOS-3 facilities. Mark Nelson and John Allen have acknowledged the importance of BIOS-3 and Russian insights to Biosphere 2.
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Gitelson, I.I.; Terskov, I.A.; Kovrov, B.G.; Lisovskii, G.M.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.; Sid'ko, F.Ya.; Trubachev, I.N.; Shilenko, M.P.; Alekseev, S.S.; Pan'kova, I.M.; Tirranen, L.S. (January 1989).
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compartments, one of which is a crew area. The crew area consists of 3 single-cabins, a galley, lavatory and control room. Initially one other compartment was an
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BIOS-3 facility as a part of the BIOSMHARS (BIOcontamination
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as well the BIOS project, met with Oleg
Gazenko, Mark Nelson, John Allen and others involved with
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689:"Creation of closed ecological life support systems: Results, critical problems and potentials."
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Alling, Abigail; Leigh, Linda S.; MacCallum, Taber; Alvarez-Romo, Norberto (1990).
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599:. United States of America: The University of Arizona Press. pp. 5–8.
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Salisbury, Frank B.; Gitelson, Josef I.; Lisovsky, Genry M. (Oct 1997).
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438:"Long-term experiments on man's stay in biological life-support system"
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Closed ecosystem at the
Institute of Biophysics in Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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498:"Bios-3: Siberian Experiments in Bioregenerative Life Support"
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Biological Life
Support Technologies: Commercial Opportunities
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algae were used to recycle air breathed by humans, absorbing
681:"International Center for Closed Ecosystems (in Russian)"
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130:Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
380:"Biosphere 2 test module experimentation program"
597:Pushing Our Limits: Insights from Biosphere 2
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687:Gitelson, Iosef I., and Genry M. Lisovsky.
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720:Science and technology in the Soviet Union
710:Controlled ecological life support systems
248:International Center for Closed Ecosystems
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
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323:Revised Simple Biosphere Model (SIB-2)
246:In 1991, BIOS-3 became a part of the
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181:at the Institute of Biophysics in
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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575:Siberian Federal University
252:Russian Academy of Sciences
105:Institute of Biophysics in
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546:"Dreaming of Mars, part 1"
445:Advances in Space Research
216:and replenishing it with
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128:Institute of Biophysics,
407:"Russian CELSS Studies"
53:more precise citations.
715:Ecological experiments
657:"Russian BIOS Project"
622:"RUSSIAN BIOS PROJECT"
318:Simple Biosphere model
725:Human analog missions
595:Nelson, Mark (2018).
304:Earth sciences portal
256:European Space Agency
405:Prado, Mark (2002).
197:, and the other two
566:Gitelson, Josef I.
457:1989AdSpR...9h..65G
333:Life support system
177:is an experimental
89:General information
353:Montreal Biosphère
343:Winogradsky column
276:Environment portal
606:978-0-8165-3732-7
411:PERMANENT Project
313:Biosphere reserve
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59:January 2012
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661:Biospherics
348:Homeostasis
241:Biosphere 2
237:biospherics
204:xenon lamps
183:Krasnoyarsk
107:Krasnoyarsk
51:introducing
704:Categories
502:BioScience
365:References
199:phytotrons
141:Floor area
34:references
671:April 20,
636:16 August
580:16 August
421:April 20,
210:Chlorella
117:Completed
630:Archived
532:11540303
473:11537393
415:Archived
262:See also
220:through
162:/science
102:Location
691:(2008).
524:1313164
453:Bibcode
358:MELiSSA
149:Website
47:improve
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390:18 May
218:oxygen
187:Russia
175:BIOS-3
164:/bios3
144:14x9 m
111:Russia
84:BIOS-3
36:, but
571:(PDF)
520:JSTOR
441:(PDF)
125:Owner
673:2006
638:2020
601:ISBN
582:2020
553:2016
528:PMID
480:2016
469:PMID
423:2006
392:2016
386:: 23
166:.php
158:.ibp
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