1811:
614:
4001:
3017:
2801:
1097:
2990:
685:
44:
4018:
3003:
3412:
2874:
3031:
1379:
1562:
3987:
2768:
1600:. The first vehicle entered service on 20 March 2007. Probably about half of all 227 Polish BM-21 launchers will be converted into WR-40 launchers. New, modern types of munition were also developed for the launcher: the range is approximately 42 km (26 mi) for fragmentation-HE rockets "Fenix" and 32 km (20 mi) for cargo rockets. The Jelcz P662.D.35 truck with lightly armoured cab is also believed to be the base of a Polish
3367:
4039:
3801:
2744:
2724:
3906:
3773:
2916:
3241:
3974:
3947:
3705:
3538:
1160:
822:
3934:
3829:
3745:
3690:
3456:
3297:
3269:
2857:
3961:
3843:
3565:
3510:
3759:
3551:
3428:
3142:
3087:
2958:
2944:
2902:
2888:
2780:
3920:
3857:
3787:
3677:
3649:
3617:
3524:
3496:
3470:
3442:
3398:
3325:
3185:
3156:
3128:
3100:
3045:
2930:
2843:
2815:
3885:
3815:
3663:
3255:
3073:
2829:
3871:
3732:
3718:
3354:
3283:
3114:
3585:
3381:
3311:
3227:
3213:
3059:
2972:
923:
3635:
3599:
1730:
3199:
988:: This is a 24-round version, based on a Dong Feng truck. The launch tubes are arranged in three rows of 8. The launch vehicle has a total combat weight of 8,700 kilograms (19,200 lb) and can also be used as part of the mine-laying rocket system Type 84. Currently new rockets with ranges between 30 and 40 km (19 and 25 mi) are being developed.
3339:
1189:
1000:: This is basically the 40-round launcher of the BM-21 or Type 81 mounted on a tracked chassis with 520 hp diesel engine. The same chassis is also used for the Type 83 152 mm self-propelled howitzer (PLZ83), the Type 89 120 mm tank destroyer (PTZ89) and several other specialised vehicles. The vehicle has a combat weight of 29.9
677:
669:
636:, has a maximum road speed of 75 km/h (47 mph), a road range of up to 750 kilometers (470 mi), and can cross fords up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) deep. The original vehicle together with supporting equipment (including the resupply truck 9T254 with 60 rockets) is referred to by the
1524:
Pakistan first obtained these MRLS from China in few numbers (52+ Chinese Type-83) and then reverse engineered to develop these multiple rockets indigenously by KRL (Khan
Research laboratories). The new missile system were developed with 16 modernization by Pakistani Engineers. A vertical stabilizer
794:
B 4x4 truck chassis is fitted with a 12-round 122 mm rocket launcher. The vehicle is sturdy enough to be airdropped. Parts of the vehicle such as the canvas cab roof can be taken off or folded down to reduce its size during transit. Like the BM-21, the BM-21V has stabilizing jacks on the rear of
1320:
via tunnels from Egypt. Some of the rockets were of a
Chinese Grad variant. Hamas sources said they were pleased by the performance of the Chinese variants of the BM-21 Grad rocket, which demonstrated a far greater range and blast impact than Palestinian-made rockets, as well as Russian-origin Grads
1275:
with a superior range of 45 km (28 mi). Rather than a standard HE-Frag round, the
Egyptian military prefers a 23-kilogram (51 lb) cluster munition, which can be extremely effective against lightly armored equipment and troop concentrations. Both rockets, as well as the original Soviet
659:
The number of rockets that each vehicle is able to quickly bring to bear on an enemy target makes it effective, especially at shorter ranges. One battalion of eighteen launchers is able to deliver 720 rockets in a single volley. The system has lower precision than gun artillery and cannot be used in
647:
The three-member crew can emplace the system and have it ready to fire in three minutes. The crew can fire the rockets from the cab or from a trigger at the end of a 64-meter (210 ft) cable. All 40 rockets can be away in as little as 20 seconds, and can be fired individually or in small groups
1876:
The original "Grad" rocket has a range of about 20 kilometers (12 mi). The first modification called "G-M" increased the range to about 27.5 kilometers (17.1 mi), while the second modification "G-2000" further increased the range to about 40 kilometers (25 mi). The latest technology
1397:
level 2 or higher. The 40-tube launcher is fitted with a pinpoint targeting system and has a maximum firing distance of 45 km depending on ammunition, guaranteeing much more precision at greater distances. There is enough room for an additional 40-tube pack. The launcher can be deployed and
655:
Each 2.87-meter (9 ft 5 in) rocket is slowly spun by rifling in its tube as it exits, which along with its primary fin stabilization keeps it on course. Rockets armed with high explosive-fragmentation, incendiary, or chemical warheads can be fired 20 kilometers (12 mi). Newer high
1026:: The NORINCO (China North Industries Corporation) Type 90 40-round multiple rocket system is an indigenously designed and built system equipped with an automatic operating and laying system, an electric firing system and an automatically reloadable pack of 40 rockets. It is very similar to the
839:
single-round man-portable launcher (it can be reloaded and used again), a 9M22M 122 mm high-explosive fragmentation rocket and a fire control panel. The system was developed in the middle of the 1960s for Soviet special units and was used by
Vietnamese forces at war with the US, under the
1079:
series so that the operating cost and overall life cycle cost for both when most components of PR50 is interchangeable with that of WS series. Also incorporated is a feature originated in Type 90B, which is the adoption of rockets of different ranges, so PR50 has a wide range of 20 km to
1904:
mixture. Each element has a nominal length of 40 mm and a width of 25 mm and a burning time of at least 2 minutes. It is also noted that the effect of these incendiary, as well as conventional lighting munitions (especially at night), outwardly resembles the use of phosphorus munitions.
1398:
activated directly from inside the crew cab, greatly decreasing time between salvos. However, the traditional external setup is also available. An entire barrage can be fired in less than 20 seconds. The general purpose platform can also be used for more sophisticated rocket systems.
1369:
system successfully intercepted a Grad rocket launched from Gaza for the first time. The rockets were launched without their dedicated platforms and by untrained operators which causes very low accuracy. Over 50% of the rockets miss entire cities and over 10% end up hitting the sea.
660:
situations that call for pinpoint accuracy. It relies on a large number of shells impacting over an area for a certain hit rate on specific targets. Because of the short warning time for the impact of the whole volley, the BM-21 is still considered an effective weapon.
1393:: In March 2012, the Republic of Georgia unveiled its own heavily modified self-propelled version of the BM-21 Grad. There are innovative improvements similar to that of its Polish counterpart. The crew cabin is armoured and well-protected in accordance with
1324:
Hamas have used small man-portable single-tube launchers for rockets in attacks against Israel, designated 122 mm 9P132/BM-21-P. The 122 mm Grad rockets used in Gaza have a range of about 40 km (25 mi), and can reach the
Israeli towns of
3607:: 250 in 1980 and 75 as of 2016. In 2018 unknown quantity RM-70 and BM-21 Grads sold to Czech Republic and many donated to North African countries (Libya ?). 93 in 2020. At least 20 units were supplied to Ukraine. It is gradually being replaced by the
1427:: This is the Iranian version of the BM-21, mounted on a Mercedes-Benz 2624 6×6 truck. The launch pack however consists of 2 packs of 20 tubes. Reportedly there is also a version with an automatic reload-system, latest version is mounted on 6×6 MAN trucks.
1486:
25 and 30 rocket launchers. They had the same configuration, exactly 40 rockets 122 mm caliber, compatible also with BM-21 launcher. Range about 25-32 km, sold to Libya, United Arab
Emirates and probably other customers. About 150 produced in '80s-'90s.
1717:
25.360 DFAEG, fitted with two launch packs with each 20 122 mm tubes or 13 160 mm tubes. The LAROM 160 can fire rockets like the LAR Mk.IV with a range of 45 km (28 mi). The system entered service with the
Romanian Land Forces in
4324:"#Morocco 🇲🇦: "#Polisario Front" carried out a rocket strike on Moroccan Forces in the town of Al-Mahbes, Western #Sahara. Group seemingly used a 9P132 'Grad-P' single-tube rocket launcher (placed on a truck) with 122mm 9M22M HE-Frag rockets"
1047:: Modernised version, based on a Tiema XC2200 6×6 truck chassis and fitted with a modern fire control system with GPS. The command post vehicle can lay and control a number of Type 90A systems by remote control for maximum firepower.
4613:
1059:: Latest, digitalised version. The rocket launch vehicle is based on a Beifang Benchi 2629 series 6×6 truck (Mercedes-Benz copy) and has a longer cabin. Each set now also has three forward observer vehicles, based on the armoured
735:
from Perm. The system is fitted with a satellite navigation system NAP SNS, automated fire control system ASUNO, APP laying system and can fire a new generation of rockets with a range of 40 km (25 mi). The truck is the
5699:"Rapport d'information déposé en application de l'article 145 du Règlement par la commission de la Défense Nationale et des Forces Armées en conclusion des travaux d'une mission d'information sur l'opération Serval au Mali"
4610:
1525:
was added to the launcher that improved its accuracy. The new indigenously reverse engineered system were named KRL-Ghadab. the range of the indigenously developed rockets were increased to 45 km with <1% CEP.
5030:
1499:: North Korean 30-tube version. The tubes are arranged in 2 banks of 15; all rockets can be fired in as little as 15 seconds. The basis for the BM-11 system is an unlicensed copy of the Japanese-manufactured
1214:
truck. Unlike the BM-21, the RM-70 has an armoured cab and enough room behind it to allow for the storage of further 40 rockets. Those rockets can be automatically reloaded into launcher at the same time.
7090:
656:
explosive and cargo rockets (used to deliver anti-personnel or antitank mines) have a range of 30 kilometers (19 mi) and more. Warheads weigh around 20 kilograms (44 lb), depending on the type.
1030:
but of 122 mm calibre. The chassis used is the Tiema SC2030 6×6 truck. A Type 90 MRL battalion consists of three batteries, each with 6 self-propelled rocket launchers, 6 ammunition resupply trucks
1210:
introduced its own version of the BM-21 launch vehicle, designated the RM-70. The launcher unit comprises a bank of 40 launch tubes arranged in 4 rows of 10 and it is mounted on an 8x8 10-ton modified
4678:
940:-631705 6×6 truck with 425 hp diesel engine TMZ-8424. Between the cab and the launcher there is another pack of 40 rockets. The system was evaluated from 1997 and entered service in 2001.
590:". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 field-rocket system and is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system.
4355:
4747:
1592:
means rocket launcher): This is a modern Polish version with a new fire control system (with ballistic computer BFC201 and navigation system Sigma 30) and a modified launcher based on the
621:
The M-21 field rocket system with a BM-21 launch vehicle (122 mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL) system) entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963 to replace the aging 140 mm
1892:
incendiary elements. Designed to ignite vegetation, storage facilities, or fuel, these incendiary elements consist of hexagonal prisms made from a magnesium alloy known to the
Russian
7607:
1092:: A lightweight and more compact derivative of unguided 122 mm PR50 SPMRL for rapid deployment, with number of tubes reduced by 60% to 40 * from the original 100 of PR50 MLS.
1627:– rocket launcher): Romanian 21-round launcher (3 rows of 7) mounted on a Bucegi SR-114 4x4 chassis. No longer used by the Romanian Army but some vehicles have been exported to
1316:
has fired 122 mm Grad rockets, copies made in Iran, and
Eastern-bloc versions modified to expand their range, into Israel. The rockets were believed to be brought into the
7083:
1155:, the launcher and reloading pack are covered by a collapsible awning for protection and camouflage when travelling. Combat weight: 23.5 t. Only a very small number was built.
1147:
with 128 mm barrels replaced with 122 mm barrels due to lack of missiles in 128 mm caliber, in 4 rows of 8 launch tubes for use with Grad calibre rockets placed on unarmoured
7627:
5620:
5143:
1304:
produces the launching tubes and has converted existing trucks to diesel engine. Bishoftu
Motorization has also produced a six tube launcher to be mounted on light trucks.
870:): 40-round launcher mounted on Ural-375D or 43201 truck chassis. Developed for protection of naval bases against underwater infiltrations, uses special ammunition PRS-60 (
1449:: Iranian version of the 24-round BM-11, based on a Mercedes-Benz LA 911B 4x4 truck. Some vehicles are equipped with a light hydraulic crane. Not to be confused with an
7592:
5804:
1810:
4340:
5022:
7597:
7076:
6650:
4433:
1284:(copy of BM-21, similar to the Hadid HM20). The Helwan Machine Tools Company also produces portable systems with one, three, four and eight launch tubes. Also the
6100:
6531:
6509:
6487:
6465:
6068:
5878:
3390:
5070:
613:
271:
4836:
4806:
1365:. They also published a clip claiming device mounted used as a multi-barrel rocket launcher on vehicle used for first time in Gaza. On 7 April 2011, the
4588:
6420:
813:
5t chassis. The vehicle together with fire control equipment, the ammunition transporter TZM 9T232M and the new rocket 9M53F is referred to as complex
7612:
7602:
4670:
1301:
4458:
4023:
1649:: Initially this designator was used for the original BM-21 "Grad" in Romanian service, but Aerostar SA has developed an improved model, based on a
1536:
from Pakistan have developed a rocket launcher based on the BM-21 Grad. The KRL 122 was originally based on an Isuzu truck but later models use the
4721:
4352:
1665:
15.215 DFAEG truck. Each launcher is normally accompanied by a resupply truck MITC with a 6t crane and a trailer RM13. The system is also used by
1179:
with 128 mm barrels replaced with 122 mm barrels due to lack of missiles in 128 mm caliber, in 4 rows of 8 launch tubes for use with Grad caliber.
256:
1788:: A newer, more accurate version of the Valkiri. Based on the Withings (White Stallion) military recovery truck chassis. Also produced by Denel.
7237:
6387:
4739:
1515:: This is a more modern version, based on an Isuzu 6×6 truck and probably with a 40-round reload pack mounted between the cab and the launcher.
1297:
898:: an advanced version of the original BM-21 vehicle with sophisticated fire control system, satellite navigation, and automatic target aiming.
6543:
6521:
6499:
6455:
6080:
5890:
4383:
4248:
4169:
206:
629:
6x6 truck chassis fitted with a bank of 40 launch tubes arranged in a rectangular shape that can be turned away from the unprotected cab.
251:
5940:
7204:
6643:
4832:
4109:
3805:
1075:: Development of Type 90B SPMRL with firepower increased by 25% (50 rounds compared to the original 40 rounds). Incorporate features of
4648:
969:. Due to the fact that it is a direct copy, the Type 81 is extremely similar to its Russian predecessor. Its 40 tubes are mounted on a
7348:
4769:
4099:
5706:
1410:
from Iran produces copies of the BM-11 and BM-21 systems that can fire the original Soviet rockets as well as the locally developed "
1118:: A guided version of 122 mm PR50 MLS with primitive cascade inertial terminal guidance, with standard range of 20 to 30 km
221:
6993:
6623:
6477:
4197:
556:. The system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the
5612:
4493:
161:
6559:
7328:
3022:
276:
5914:
601:. Several other countries have copied the Grad or developed similar systems. In Russian service its intended replacement is the
186:
7363:
6988:
6591:
5157:
2806:
1450:
756:
chassis. The vehicle with supporting equipment (rockets, transporter 9T450 and resupply truck 9F380) is referred to as complex
4990:
1713:: This is an upgraded version that was developed in cooperation with Israel. The launch vehicle is based on the truck chassis
1151:
truck instead of FAP trucks that were damaged beyond repair. About 4 of such conversions were done on Tatra chassis. Like the
211:
7520:
7038:
6636:
6134:
5055:
2748:
1198:
1470:
to targets. This included the 40-inch long, domestically produced Grad MLRS-compatible "Borak" warhead designed to disperse
853:
760:. The 9P138 can only use "short-range" rockets with a range of 15 km (9.3 mi). It used to be known in the West as
6567:
4784:
7053:
6576:
1382:
A Georgian RS-122, a heavily upgraded and automated version of the Soviet BM-21 based on the Ukrainian KrAZ-63221 chassis
141:
7147:
7142:
7043:
4290:
1978:
1533:
5440:
4913:
4560:
4411:
1877:
development has allowed new Grad rockets to have 52 km range. The range may also vary due to the type of warhead.
7617:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7048:
6096:
1549:
557:
261:
101:
4926:
4702:
7622:
6755:
6628:
6368:
5702:
1714:
1662:
1650:
1126:: A Dongfeng Mengshi variants fitted with 122 mm multiple rocket launcher and modular ammunition storage unit.
176:
963:. After reverse engineering, it entered service with the PLA in 1982 where its upgraded version nowadays known as
7171:
6882:
6666:
6289:
3576:
3487:
3483:
1394:
1067:
1051:
1039:
1018:
1010:
992:
980:
965:
959:: The People's Republic of China produces the Type 81, which was copied from Russian BM-21s captured in the 1979
951:
226:
166:
4858:
3573:: Hamas and other militants (including Iranian made 20 km range and Chinese 40 km range Grad variants)
1888:. Instead of a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, the 9M22S rocket carries a warhead containing 180 separate
1096:
7530:
7464:
7438:
7401:
7300:
7166:
4956:
4093:
2784:
1601:
1414:" with a range of 20.5 km (12.7 mi). There is also a rocket with a range of 75 km (47 mi).
970:
549:
545:
131:
57:
6017:
5963:
4888:
4828:
4798:
684:
136:
4580:
1552:. The KRL 122 has achieved a maximum range of over 40 km due to the use of upgraded 122 mm rockets.
6412:
5124:
4407:
689:
43:
640:"9K51". The launcher itself has the industrial index of "2B5". In 1976, the BM-21 was mounted on the newer
6962:
2879:
1670:
1254:
4x4 chassis with digital fire control system, without spare rack for immediate reload, introduced in 2022.
937:
787:
281:
241:
231:
4264:
156:
7404:
7391:
7386:
7199:
7118:
6560:
122 mm Multiple Rocket Launcher (MRL) "GRAD" on the Ural-375 6×6 truck chassis – Walk around photos
5690:
5088:
4718:
4005:
3008:
2772:
2636:
597:
countries the system, either the complete system or the launch vehicle only, was initially known as the
4341:
Splav 122 mm BM-21 multiple rocket launcher family (Russian Federation), Multiple rocket launchers
286:
844:. It was not accepted for regular service with the Russian Army, but it was and is still popular with
7008:
2760:
1743:: Universal modular MLRS with possibilities to use all models of Grad 122 mm rockets, both with
4459:"Donbass – Ukrainian Army Fires With Portable Grad Rocket Launcher On Northern Outskirts Of Donetsk"
932:
7181:
3952:
2752:
1545:
1440:
960:
535:
246:
146:
7068:
976:
SX2150 6x6 truck, which unlike the original Russian version, has a cab protected by blast shields.
707:: Original version known as the BM-21 launch vehicle. The launcher unit was mounted on a modified
7510:
7475:
7285:
4295:
3570:
1271:, with a respective range of 18 km (11 mi) and 36 km (22 mi), and the latest
732:
605:. Many similar 122 mm MLRS systems are made by different countries based on the BM-21 Grad.
216:
201:
116:
111:
7343:
6612:
1466:
Various 122 mm-type rockets were deployed by Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, modified to deliver
151:
5936:
5800:
7157:
6849:
6539:
6517:
6495:
6473:
6451:
6076:
5886:
4379:
4244:
4218:
4193:
4165:
3190:
1565:
A WR-40 Langusta, a deeply modernized and automated version, of the Soviet BM-21 based on the
1483:
1207:
849:
191:
121:
4515:
4373:
7418:
7373:
6607:
4640:
4434:"NSDC: Grad P portable missile launchers revealed in occupied Donbas with manuals in Arabic"
3240:
2767:
1580:
1500:
1122:
569:
526:
236:
4265:"Sudan - Global trade, local impact: Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan"
4160:
Zabecki, David T. (May 2011). "Rockets and Rocket Launchers". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
1561:
1378:
1192:
A RM-70 launch vehicle, a Czechoslovak variant with the BM-21 launch vehicle launcher unit.
836:
7533:
7413:
7257:
7247:
7242:
6933:
6571:
5698:
5694:
4977:
4725:
4706:
4617:
4564:
4359:
3372:
3245:
2743:
1897:
1101:
649:
633:
445:
4485:
7495:
7027:
6859:
4057:
2723:
1575:
1411:
1358:
1110:
1084:
1076:
903:
602:
577:
5071:"'White Phosphorus' Claimed To Be Used In Ukraine May Really Be Russian Napalm Weapon"
4060:
variable caliber multiple rocket launcher and successor to the BM-21, BM-27, and BM-30
1159:
821:
7586:
7556:
7428:
6998:
6793:
6581:
5906:
4114:
4044:
3939:
2252:
1584:
181:
4323:
902:
Adaptations of the launcher were/are produced by several countries including China,
795:
the vehicle for support when firing. The launch vehicle has the industrial index of
7490:
7485:
7338:
7333:
7275:
7110:
7099:
6943:
6798:
6659:
6613:Легкая переносная реактивная система "Град-П" (Grad-P Light portable rocket system)
4997:
4081:
4075:
3992:
3911:
3778:
3608:
3417:
2921:
1959:
1859:
1784:
1739:
845:
553:
435:
6599:
5437:"Реактивная система БМ-21 "Град" на удлиненном шасси КамАЗ-43118 в армии Эквадора"
2779:
1509:: U.S. DIA code for a system that appears to be a direct copy of the BM-21 "Grad".
4176:
The most significant was the 9M22M, one of the Katyusha class of 122-mm rockets.
7541:
7505:
7441:
7280:
7270:
7003:
6938:
6736:
6586:
6564:
3979:
3710:
3543:
3036:
1757:: Produced by EdePro, G-2000 122 mm missile is with range above 40 km.
1748:
1467:
911:
106:
7571:
7561:
7515:
6617:
4309:
4162:
The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History
4009:
3834:
3750:
3695:
3461:
3302:
3274:
2862:
2756:
1885:
1744:
1342:
1330:
1317:
1276:
models of course, are fired by locally manufactured rocket launchers like the
1176:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1027:
874:). The vehicle together with ammunition transporter is referred to as complex
637:
377:
266:
196:
126:
6031:
4557:
4222:
731:: This upgrade was presented for the first time in 2003 and was developed by
617:
A BM-21-1 launch vehicle during a military parade in Yekaterinburg, May 2009.
7566:
7551:
7290:
7191:
7106:
6706:
6691:
5436:
4399:
4120:
4063:
3966:
3848:
3515:
3344:
1881:
1864:
1537:
1366:
1362:
1251:
1241:
1222:
1211:
1001:
922:
810:
737:
718:
708:
641:
626:
541:
303:
4581:"Hamas turns to Chinese rockets over homemade: 'We need weapons that work'"
4310:
Yemeni fighters have fired at least 16 Grad missiles into Saudi territories
1801:: The 122 mm multiple rocket launcher by Defense Technology Institute.
1729:
973:
4930:
3482:
which are upgraded with MAM-01's turrets and rocket launchers, 20 Chinese
1035:
with 80 rockets and a battery command post on a DongFeng EQ-245 6×6 truck.
7546:
7500:
7467:
7423:
7214:
7132:
4699:
4535:
3764:
3556:
3433:
3147:
3092:
2963:
2949:
2907:
2893:
2099:
1901:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1815:
1674:
1666:
1346:
1285:
171:
4353:
122 mm BM-21 Grad-series rockets (Russian Federation), Artillery rockets
4213:
Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (October 2016). "La guerre du Kagera".
1544:. In addition to the original Soviet rockets, the system can launch the
7480:
7127:
6844:
3925:
3862:
3792:
3682:
3654:
3622:
3529:
3501:
3475:
3447:
3403:
3330:
3161:
3133:
3105:
3050:
2935:
2848:
2820:
1768:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1678:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1354:
1188:
753:
680:
The 9P138 launch vehicle of the Grad-1 multiple rocket launcher system.
417:
6388:"Tigray Forces Start Handing Over Heavy Weapons as Part of Peace Deal"
4190:
Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present
7454:
7449:
7313:
7103:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6854:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6773:
6663:
4866:
4802:
4087:
3890:
3820:
3668:
3640:
3604:
3260:
3168:
have been phased out of Finnish service, Finland continues to use 36
3078:
2981:
2834:
1773:
1454:
1407:
1388:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1032:
791:
4952:
4740:"C.I.A. Is Said to Have Bought and Destroyed Iraqi Chemical Weapons"
852:
forces. This version was occasionally employed by both sides in the
648:
in several-second intervals. A PG-1M panoramic telescope with a K-1
17:
5558:
5556:
5554:
7381:
7358:
7353:
7323:
7308:
7176:
7137:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6696:
4096:, BM-13, BM-8, and BM-31 multiple rocket launchers of World War II
4069:
3876:
3737:
3723:
3626:
3479:
3359:
3288:
3204:
3172:
3119:
2995:
2778:
2766:
2742:
2722:
2023:
1889:
1809:
1777:
1728:
1705:
1593:
1566:
1560:
1471:
1377:
1313:
1187:
1158:
1095:
1060:
1005:
921:
820:
683:
675:
667:
622:
612:
5023:"SAJAM NAORUŽANjA IDEX: Srbija ima bespilotni helikopter (VIDEO)"
3518:: 18 BM-21 and 100 BM-21P single-tube rocket launchers as of 2016
1244:
8x8 chassis with digital fire control system, introduced in 2015.
1077:
Weishi series self-propelled multiple rocket launchers (WS SPMRL)
7265:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6701:
6680:
5056:"Russia used 9M22S incendiary munitions on Azovstal steel plant"
4829:"Refurbishment/Range Enhancement of 122 mm MBRL Ammunition"
4520:
4241:
The War in Afghanistan 1979–1989: The Soviet Empire at High Tide
3590:
3386:
3316:
3232:
3218:
3064:
2977:
2212:
2015:
1893:
1686:
1682:
907:
676:
668:
594:
587:
7072:
7025:
6960:
6880:
6753:
6678:
6632:
5964:"Kurdish Armour: Inventorising YPG Equipment In Northern Syria"
4785:"Pakistan seeking guided multiple-launch rocket systems (MLRS)"
5613:"Laotian military parades Russian- and Chinese-made equipment"
4671:"Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time"
4486:"Tornado-G Multiple Launch Rocket System | Military-Today.com"
4103:
4008:− Surrendered to the Ethiopian forces in the aftermath of the
3169:
2715:
Also Incendiary, Chemical, Illumination, Antipersonnel mines.
1421:: A 40-tube version of the BM-21 based on KrAZ truck chassies.
1008:) and carries 40 spare rockets. Its current PLA designator is
480:
6369:"The Tigray Defence Forces - Documenting Its Heavy Weaponry"
4291:"So Much to Fear: War Crimes and the Devastation of Somalia"
1433:: Lighter 16-round version with two packs of 8 launch tubes.
48:
A Russian BM-21-1 on display in Saint Petersburg in May 2009
4889:"Ukrainian military now using Romanian APR-40 MLRS – video"
4629:
Aviation Week, "Grad Rockets Hit Aqaba Port". 23 April 2010
510:
6608:Полевая реактивная система М-21 (M-21 Field Rocket System)
3164:: 34 Soviet-made units on Ural-4320 6x6 chassis known as
3108:: 18 as of 2016 and mounted on a KAMAZ chassis since 2019
6448:
Katyusha: Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present
5263:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5255:
4375:
Katyusha: Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present
1604:
complex, which will possibly be developed in the future.
632:
The vehicle is powered by a water-cooled V8 180 hp
6290:"The Oryx Handbook of Pre-war Yemeni Fighting Vehicles"
6032:"UNROCA (United Nations Register of Conventional Arms)"
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4611:
Terror in Gaza: Twelve months since the Hamas takeover
4123:, a Ukrainian improvised MLRS adapted from BM-21 parts
1850:
chassis with additional storage space for 40 missiles.
6618:
Shooting battalion (strike multiple rocket launchers)
5739:
5509:
5485:
5473:
5387:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5339:
5315:
5303:
5279:
4217:(in French). No. 75. Caraktère. pp. 72–81.
6624:
The Grad system: A hot hail of cluster-fired rockets
6288:
Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (20 September 2015).
4770:"The Rocket Artillery Of Azerbaijan Is Overwhelming"
3389:: 18 in 2012, more than 30 in 2016 according to the
1221:: Modification of RM-70 launch vehicle on unarmored
7529:
7463:
7437:
7400:
7372:
7299:
7256:
7213:
7190:
7156:
7117:
6807:
6766:
6450:. New Vanguard 235. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
6367:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (1 September 2021).
5937:"BBC News – Israeli air strikes hit two Gaza towns"
5611:Gibson, Neil; Fediushko, Dmitry (22 January 2019).
4799:"POF, French company sign MoU on rocket technology"
4400:"122 mm DKZ-B Rocket Launcher and Stand: Viet Cong"
1772:: This is a South African design based on Grad 21a
1653:-665T 6x6 truck. A slightly improved model, called
1263:The Egyptians domestically manufacture the rockets
509:
497:
489:
475:
462:
454:
444:
434:
426:
416:
403:
395:
387:
376:
368:
360:
355:
344:
333:
325:
317:
309:
299:
294:
95:
84:
76:
71:
63:
53:
34:
6097:"Senegal parades new BM-21s and armoured vehicles"
5962:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (29 October 2021).
1639:has the launch pack mounted on a Kaiser M35 truck.
888:: 20-round naval version, entered service in 1978.
6354:
6342:
6330:
6318:
6306:
6275:
6263:
6251:
6239:
6227:
6215:
6203:
6191:
6179:
6167:
6155:
6121:
6055:
6004:
5992:
5980:
5865:
5853:
5841:
5829:
5817:
5787:
5775:
5763:
5751:
5727:
5677:
5665:
5653:
5641:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5562:
5545:
5533:
5521:
5497:
5461:
5423:
5411:
5399:
5327:
5291:
5246:
5234:
5222:
5210:
5198:
5186:
5174:
4738:Chivers, C.J.; Schmitt, Eric (15 February 2015).
3559:: 52+ Chinese Type-83 and some KRL-122 as of 2023
1863:: A modernization based on a modified double-cab
1826:: A modernization based on a modified double-cab
5805:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
1880:The 9M22S munition (see below) was developed by
6135:"Somaliland's Military is a Shadow of the Past"
4312:. YouTube (20 July 2015). Retrieved 2017-06-01.
6577:Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
4192:. Hong Kong: Concord Publications. p. 4.
1622:
817:. Apparently only a small number was produced.
321:Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
304:Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
7608:Multiple rocket launchers of the Soviet Union
7084:
6644:
6532:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6510:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6488:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6466:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6069:International Institute for Strategic Studies
5879:International Institute for Strategic Studies
5158:"The Dubious Rocket Artillery Of The Taliban"
4289:Albin-Lackey, Christopher (8 December 2008).
3914:: 72 units, passed on to the successor state.
2868:Kieran Grant: 1 BM-21 as of 2016. Used 9P138.
1830:chassis with an improved fire control system.
752:: lighter 36-round version, mounted on a 6x6
717:: Launch vehicles are mounted on a family of
581:
8:
4641:"Watch multi-barrel rocket launch from Gaza"
4558:Israel and Hamas: Conflict in Gaza 2008–2009
3277:: 100 in service and 100 in store as of 2016
27:Soviet/Russian multiple launch rocket system
1867:chassis with a digital fire control system.
936:: This is a modernized version, based on a
7628:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
7091:
7077:
7069:
7022:
6957:
6877:
6763:
6750:
6675:
6651:
6637:
6629:
3795:: 185 BM-21s as of 2016. Also used 9P138.
31:
4709:. Delta.gov.ge. Retrieved on 1 June 2017.
4575:
4573:
1302:Bishoftu Motorization Engineering Complex
625:system. The launch vehicle consists of a
6075:(1st ed.). Routledge. p. 239.
5885:(1st ed.). Routledge. p. 280.
5050:
5048:
4700:Multiple Rocket Launcher System – RS-122
4234:
4232:
1910:
1907:
7593:Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers
5267:
4728:. Mod.gov.ge. Retrieved on 1 June 2017.
4147:
4133:
1814:A Ukrainian BM-21 Bastion-1 based on a
257:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
7598:Cold War artillery of the Soviet Union
7238:152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)
5943:from the original on 25 September 2015
5907:"Latest rockets manufactured in China"
5709:from the original on 24 September 2015
5111:GOST 2856-79 Castable magnesium alloys
5107:ГОСТ 2856-79 Сплавы магниевые литейные
4609:Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "
4553:
4551:
4549:
1540:. Some sources mention the designator
1298:Homicho Ammunition Engineering Complex
872:Protivodiversionnyi Reaktivnyi Snaryad
272:Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
5033:from the original on 29 December 2017
4750:from the original on 20 December 2016
4651:from the original on 3 September 2014
4516:"东部战区某旅列装猛士三122MM火箭炮，山地丘陵地区打击能力进一步强化"
4378:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 30.
3207:: 240 upgraded BM-21/LRARs as of 2016
833:"Grad-P Light portable rocket system"
7:
5917:from the original on 21 October 2012
5623:from the original on 23 January 2019
4991:"MLRS "GRAD" AND IT'S MODIFICATIONS"
4959:from the original on 5 December 2013
4809:from the original on 6 December 2013
4496:from the original on 2 February 2017
4414:from the original on 7 February 2019
4243:. Concord Publications. p. 42.
4084:300 mm multiple rocket launcher
4078:220 mm multiple rocket launcher
4072:140 mm multiple rocket launcher
825:A Grad-P single tube launcher system
207:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
7205:130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)
6446:Prenatt, Jamie; Hook, Adam (2016).
5142:Salem, Harriet (13 November 2014).
4591:from the original on 19 August 2014
4110:Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher
3806:Russian separatist forces in Donbas
3643:: ~450 active and ~2000 in storage.
3625:: 135 APR-40 (54 being upgraded to
3221:: 100+ BM-21 and 7 BM-11 as of 2016
1288:which is a BM-21 on a new vehicle.
1173:samovozni višecijevni lanser raketa
1141:samovozni višecijevni lanser raketa
6137:. Piracyreport.com. 13 August 2011
5443:from the original on 23 March 2019
3122:: 60 BM-21 and 96 BM-11 as of 2016
1439:: An 8-round version based on the
835:: The complete system comprises a
399:3.09 m (10 ft 2 in)
372:7.35 m (24 ft 1 in)
25:
6592:WR-40 Langusta at krucjata.org.pl
6386:Misikir, Maya (11 January 2023).
5069:Hambling, David (25 March 2022).
4839:from the original on 23 July 2013
4567:. Congressional Research Service.
391:2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
7613:Chemical weapon delivery systems
7603:Self-propelled artillery of Iran
6423:from the original on 1 July 2015
6103:from the original on 16 May 2017
4719:საქართველოს თავდაცვის სამინისტრო
4681:from the original on 13 May 2011
4037:
4026:: Passed on to successor states.
4016:
3999:
3995:: Passed on to successor states.
3985:
3972:
3959:
3945:
3932:
3918:
3904:
3893:: 30 (12 serviceable) as of 2016
3883:
3869:
3855:
3841:
3827:
3813:
3799:
3785:
3781:: 70 as of 2016 Also used 9P138.
3771:
3757:
3743:
3730:
3716:
3703:
3688:
3675:
3661:
3647:
3633:
3615:
3597:
3583:
3563:
3549:
3536:
3522:
3508:
3494:
3468:
3454:
3440:
3426:
3410:
3396:
3379:
3365:
3352:
3337:
3323:
3309:
3295:
3281:
3267:
3253:
3239:
3225:
3211:
3197:
3183:
3154:
3140:
3126:
3112:
3098:
3085:
3071:
3057:
3053:: 48 (Romanian APR-40)As of 2023
3043:
3029:
3015:
3001:
2988:
2970:
2956:
2942:
2928:
2914:
2900:
2886:
2872:
2855:
2841:
2827:
2813:
2799:
2365:Underwater charge (for BM-21PD)
1624:aruncător de proiectile reactive
782:– 'airborne') (NATO designation
455:Effective firing range
277:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
42:
4639:Levy, Elior (29 October 2011).
4524:(in Chinese). 7 September 2022.
4372:Prenatt, Jamie (16 June 2016).
2837:: 100 in 1980 and 50 as of 2016
2747:A fired 122 mm projectile of a
1846:: A modernization based on the
1836:: A modernization based on the
1300:produces the rockets while the
383:3 m (9 ft 10 in)
252:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
6470:The Military Balance 1980–1981
5911:The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com
4343:, Jane's Armour and Artillery.
3629:), 6 BM-21 on boats as of 2016
3450:: 36 in 1980 and 35 as of 2016
2823:: 85 in 1980 and 48 as of 2020
2749:RM-70 multiple rocket launcher
450:690 m/s (2,264 ft/s)
334:
89:
1:
1569:, displayed at the MSPO 2007.
1482:Produced a limited number of
926:A Belarusian BM-21A "BelGrad"
349:
222:Cambodian–Thai border dispute
212:Ethiopian invasion of Somalia
7148:152 mm air defense gun KM-52
7143:130 mm air defense gun KS-30
7138:100 mm air defense gun KS-19
6538:. Vol. 121. Routledge.
6516:. Vol. 120. Routledge.
6494:. Vol. 116. Routledge.
6099:. Janes.com. 11 April 2017.
5162:21st Century Asian Arms Race
5058:. Defence View. 15 May 2022.
4362:, Jane's Ammunition Handbook
3837:: 36 as of 2016. Used 9P138.
2783:A BM-21 on display near the
1534:Kahuta Research Laboratories
162:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
7233:152 mm howitzer 2A65 Msta-B
7228:152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)
7223:122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
6756:Armoured personnel carriers
6018:"Drgnęło w eksporcie broni"
4164:(2 ed.). p. 988.
1550:Pakistan Ordnance Factories
582:
558:Sino-Soviet border conflict
262:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
187:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
102:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7644:
7182:125 mm anti-tank gun Sprut
7177:100 mm anti-tank gun MT-12
6883:Infantry fighting vehicles
6667:armoured fighting vehicles
5125:"9N510 (ML-5) Submunition"
4783:Khan, Bilal (4 May 2017).
4188:Zaloga, Steven J. (2003).
3319:: Paraded in January 2019.
2672:
2629:
2592:
2555:
2518:
2477:
2436:
2399:
2358:
2321:
2284:
2245:
2205:
2168:
2131:
2091:
2050:
2014:
1971:
1780:using 127 mm rockets.
1250:: BM-21 launch vehicle on
1240:: RM 70 modern version on
652:can be used for sighting.
177:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
7301:Multiple rocket launchers
7172:100 mm anti-tank gun T-12
7034:
7021:
6969:
6956:
6889:
6876:
6762:
6749:
6687:
6674:
6536:The Military Balance 2021
6514:The Military Balance 2020
6492:The Military Balance 2016
6073:The Military Balance 2023
5883:The Military Balance 2023
5740:The Military Balance 2021
5510:The Military Balance 2021
5486:The Military Balance 2021
5474:The Military Balance 2021
5388:The Military Balance 2021
5376:The Military Balance 2021
5364:The Military Balance 2021
5352:The Military Balance 2021
5340:The Military Balance 2021
5316:The Military Balance 2021
5304:The Military Balance 2021
5280:The Military Balance 2021
5089:"122mm Grad 9M22S Rocket"
4272:Human Rights Watch Report
2601:
2564:
2527:
2426:
2330:
2293:
2256:
2217:
2177:
2140:
2103:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
809:: 50-round launcher on a
573:
530:
470:
466:PG-1M panoramic telescope
411:
227:Bombardment of Yeonpyeong
167:Second Sudanese Civil War
64:Place of origin
41:
7167:85 mm anti-tank gun D-48
5106:
4996:. EDePro. Archived from
3928:: 40 in service in 1980.
2785:Karen Demirchyan Complex
1751:128 mm rockets too.
1602:multiple rocket launcher
1567:Jelcz P662D.35 6x6 truck
971:Shaanxi Automobile Works
550:multiple rocket launcher
364:13.71 tonnes (30,225 lb)
142:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
132:South African Border War
58:Multiple rocket launcher
4616:22 January 2009 at the
4408:Australian War Memorial
4239:Isby, David C. (1990).
3955:: 65+, supplied in 1979
2896:: 20 APRA-40 as of 2021
2882:: 1 (BM-21) 36 (APR-40)
2751:stuck in muddy land in
2175:Anti-tank submunitions
1596:6×6 truck, produced by
1455:self-propelled howitzer
1204:122 mm RAKETOMET vz. 70
1175:): Modified version of
1163:A LRSV-122 M-96 "Tajfun
1143:): Modified version of
672:A BM-21 launch vehicle.
5801:"SIPRI Trade Register"
5691:Guilloteau, Christophe
4490:www.military-today.com
3577:People's Defense Units
3532:: 25 APR-21 as of 2016
3175:under the designation
2880:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2788:
2776:
2764:
2740:
2697:7 ft 7.3 in
2576:10 ft 10 in
2539:9 ft 4.7 in
2502:6 ft 3.9 in
1819:
1734:
1733:A Serbian LRSVM Morava
1623:
1570:
1503:2.5 ton truck chassis.
1383:
1193:
1169:LRSV-122 M-92 "Vulkan"
1164:
1137:LRSV-122 M-96 "Tajfun"
1105:
927:
914:, Poland and Romania.
854:Donbas War (2014–2022)
826:
788:Soviet Airborne Forces
693:
681:
673:
618:
436:Rate of fire
282:2023 Las Anod conflict
242:Northern Mali conflict
232:First Libyan Civil War
7392:B-11 recoilless rifle
7387:B-10 recoilless rifle
7200:D-74 122 mm field gun
6355:Military Balance 1981
6343:Military Balance 1981
6331:Military Balance 2016
6319:Military Balance 1981
6307:Military Balance 2016
6276:Military Balance 2016
6264:Military Balance 2016
6252:Military Balance 2016
6240:Military Balance 2016
6228:Military Balance 2016
6216:Military Balance 2016
6204:Military Balance 2016
6192:Military Balance 2016
6180:Military Balance 2016
6168:Military Balance 2016
6156:Military Balance 2016
6122:Military Balance 2016
6056:Military Balance 2016
6005:Military Balance 2016
5993:Military Balance 1981
5981:Military Balance 2016
5866:Military Balance 2016
5854:Military Balance 1981
5842:Military Balance 2016
5830:Military Balance 2016
5818:Military Balance 2016
5788:Military Balance 2016
5776:Military Balance 2016
5764:Military Balance 1981
5752:Military Balance 2016
5728:Military Balance 2016
5701:(in French). France:
5678:Military Balance 2016
5666:Military Balance 2016
5654:Military Balance 1981
5642:Military Balance 2016
5599:Military Balance 2016
5587:Military Balance 2016
5575:Military Balance 2016
5563:Military Balance 2016
5546:Military Balance 2016
5534:Military Balance 1981
5522:Military Balance 2016
5498:Military Balance 2016
5462:Military Balance 2016
5424:Military Balance 2016
5412:Military Balance 2016
5400:Military Balance 2016
5328:Military Balance 2016
5292:Military Balance 2016
5247:Military Balance 2016
5235:Military Balance 2016
5223:Military Balance 2016
5211:Military Balance 2016
5199:Military Balance 1981
5187:Military Balance 2020
5175:Military Balance 1981
5144:"'A Rain of Fire'..."
4278:(4): 24. August 1998.
4006:Tigray Defense Forces
2924:: 5 APR-40 as of 2021
2782:
2775:Army Rocket Launcher.
2770:
2746:
2726:
2562:AT / AP submunitions
2342:10 ft 0 in
2268:10 ft 0 in
2229:10 ft 0 in
2189:10 ft 0 in
2115:10 ft 0 in
1813:
1732:
1564:
1513:MRL 122 mm M1985
1507:MRL 122 mm M1977
1381:
1191:
1162:
1100:A WS-22 SPMRL of the
1099:
925:
824:
687:
679:
671:
616:
515:75 km/h (47 mph)
356:Specifications (9K51)
6071:(15 February 2023).
5939:. 19 November 2010.
5881:(15 February 2023).
4953:"R122 mm G-2000/G-M"
4805:. 9 September 2009.
4724:1 April 2012 at the
4705:29 June 2015 at the
4563:8 March 2016 at the
4358:23 June 2010 at the
4215:Batailles et Blindés
2761:Sri Lankan Civil War
2656:9 ft 9 in
2613:9 ft 6 in
2461:9 ft 5 in
2424:9 ft 0 in
2383:9 ft 0 in
2305:9 ft 5 in
2152:9 ft 8 in
2075:7 ft 5 in
1998:9 ft 5 in
1280:(copy of BM-11) and
580:), and the nickname
505:405 km (251 mi)
446:Muzzle velocity
6570:13 May 2008 at the
6058:, pp. 132–133.
4933:on 22 February 2012
4536:"Postroj topništva"
3235:: BM-21 and 9P138.
1590:wyrzutnia rakietowa
1441:Toyota Land Cruiser
961:Sino-Vietnamese War
868:Protivodiversionnyi
247:2014 War in Donbass
147:Sino-Vietnamese War
137:Uganda–Tanzania War
7618:NPO Splav products
7511:2S35 Koalitsiya-SV
7476:2A3 Kondensator 2P
7286:240 mm mortar M240
6669:after World War II
5619:. London, Moscow.
4859:"Jelcz-Komponenty"
4744:The New York Times
4463:Tsargrad Institute
4296:Human Rights Watch
2789:
2787:, Yerevan, Armenia
2777:
2765:
2741:
1820:
1735:
1594:Jelcz P662D.35G-27
1571:
1384:
1194:
1165:
1106:
928:
827:
780:Vozdushnodesantniy
733:Motovilikha Plants
694:
682:
674:
619:
295:Production history
217:Russo-Georgian War
202:Second Chechen War
117:Western Sahara War
112:Lebanese Civil War
7623:Cluster munitions
7580:
7579:
7374:Recoilless rifles
7066:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7017:
7016:
6952:
6951:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6745:
6744:
6545:978-1-032-01227-8
6534:(February 2021).
6523:978-0-367-46639-8
6512:(February 2020).
6501:978-1-85743-835-2
6490:(February 2016).
6457:978-1-4728-1086-1
6082:978-1-032-50895-5
5892:978-1-032-50895-5
5703:National Assembly
4927:"Brigada 8 LAROM"
4385:978-1-4728-1087-8
4250:978-962-361-009-4
4171:978-1-85109-960-3
3009:Congo-Brazzaville
2792:Current operators
2713:
2712:
2599:Fragmentation-HE
2525:Fragmentation-HE
2484:Fragmentation-HE
2443:Fragmentation-HE
2406:Fragmentation-HE
2328:Fragmentation-HE
2291:Fragmentation-HE
2057:Fragmentation-HE
1776:truck chassis by
1457:of the same name.
1208:Czechoslovak Army
896:9K51M "Tornado-G"
786:): Developed for
539:
519:
518:
192:First Chechen War
157:Soviet–Afghan War
122:Angolan Civil War
16:(Redirected from
7635:
7419:ZSU-37-2 Yenisei
7093:
7086:
7079:
7070:
7023:
6958:
6878:
6764:
6751:
6676:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6630:
6604:
6596:
6587:RM-70 at Army.cz
6582:BM-11 at FAS.org
6549:
6527:
6505:
6483:
6461:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6392:Voice of America
6383:
6377:
6376:
6364:
6358:
6352:
6346:
6340:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6310:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6285:
6279:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6243:
6237:
6231:
6225:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6201:
6195:
6189:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5697:(18 July 2013).
5695:Nauche, Philippe
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5439:. 9 March 2019.
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5052:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5002:
4995:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4929:. Archived from
4923:
4917:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4865:. Archived from
4855:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4735:
4729:
4716:
4710:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4677:. 7 April 2011.
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4621:
4620:", 16 June 2008.
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4577:
4568:
4555:
4544:
4543:
4542:. 1 August 2015.
4532:
4526:
4525:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4369:
4363:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4269:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3898:Former operators
3889:
3887:
3886:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3865:: 350 as of 2016
3861:
3859:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3726:: 120 as of 2016
3722:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3436:: 130 as of 2016
3432:
3430:
3429:
3420:: 20+ as of 2021
3416:
3414:
3413:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3391:Military Balance
3385:
3383:
3382:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:: 11 as of 2016
3329:
3327:
3326:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2737:
2731:
2519:Edepro G2000/52
1979:Fragmentation-HE
1916:Ammunition type
1908:
1900:, filled with a
1661:is based on the
1647:
1646:
1626:
1619:
1618:
1598:Jelcz Komponenty
1576:WR-40 "Langusta"
1115:
1114:
1089:
1088:
1072:
1071:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1023:
1022:
997:
996:
985:
984:
956:
955:
933:BM-21A "BelGrad"
644:6x6 army truck.
585:
575:
566:boyevaya mashina
552:designed in the
534:
532:
512:
336:
287:Israel–Hamas war
237:Syrian civil war
46:
37:
32:
21:
7643:
7642:
7638:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7525:
7459:
7433:
7414:ZSU-23-4 Shilka
7396:
7368:
7344:9К512 Uragan-1M
7295:
7252:
7248:180 mm gun S-23
7243:2A36 Giatsint-B
7209:
7186:
7152:
7113:
7097:
7067:
7058:
7030:
7028:Armoured trains
7013:
6965:
6948:
6885:
6864:
6803:
6758:
6741:
6683:
6670:
6657:
6602:
6594:
6572:Wayback Machine
6565:Enemyforces.com
6556:
6546:
6530:
6524:
6508:
6502:
6486:
6480:
6464:
6458:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6436:
6426:
6424:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6396:
6394:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6353:
6349:
6341:
6337:
6329:
6325:
6317:
6313:
6305:
6301:
6287:
6286:
6282:
6274:
6270:
6262:
6258:
6250:
6246:
6238:
6234:
6226:
6222:
6214:
6210:
6202:
6198:
6190:
6186:
6178:
6174:
6166:
6162:
6154:
6150:
6140:
6138:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6120:
6116:
6106:
6104:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6083:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6003:
5999:
5991:
5987:
5979:
5975:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5946:
5944:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5893:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5864:
5860:
5852:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5828:
5824:
5816:
5812:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5786:
5782:
5774:
5770:
5762:
5758:
5750:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5664:
5660:
5652:
5648:
5640:
5636:
5626:
5624:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5585:
5581:
5573:
5569:
5561:
5552:
5544:
5540:
5532:
5528:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5444:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5382:
5374:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5350:
5346:
5338:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5266:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5185:
5181:
5173:
5169:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5004:
5003:on 5 March 2016
5000:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4978:Royal Thai Army
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4934:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4872:
4870:
4869:on 3 April 2007
4857:
4856:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4726:Wayback Machine
4717:
4713:
4707:Wayback Machine
4698:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4618:Wayback Machine
4608:
4604:
4594:
4592:
4585:. World tribune
4579:
4578:
4571:
4565:Wayback Machine
4556:
4547:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4360:Wayback Machine
4351:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4146:
4135:
4130:
4054:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:Evaluation only
4017:
4015:
4000:
3998:
3986:
3984:
3973:
3971:
3960:
3958:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3931:
3919:
3917:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3884:
3882:
3870:
3868:
3856:
3854:
3851:: 24 as of 2016
3842:
3840:
3828:
3826:
3823:: 6+ as of 2016
3814:
3812:
3800:
3798:
3786:
3784:
3772:
3770:
3767:: 58 as of 2016
3758:
3756:
3744:
3742:
3731:
3729:
3717:
3715:
3704:
3702:
3689:
3687:
3676:
3674:
3662:
3660:
3648:
3646:
3634:
3632:
3616:
3614:
3598:
3596:
3593:: 22 as of 2016
3584:
3582:
3564:
3562:
3550:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3523:
3521:
3509:
3507:
3495:
3493:
3469:
3467:
3464:: 12 as of 2016
3455:
3453:
3441:
3439:
3427:
3425:
3411:
3409:
3397:
3395:
3380:
3378:
3373:North Macedonia
3366:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3338:
3336:
3324:
3322:
3310:
3308:
3305:: 15 as of 2016
3296:
3294:
3282:
3280:
3268:
3266:
3263:: 58 as of 2016
3254:
3252:
3246:Iraqi Kurdistan
3238:
3226:
3224:
3212:
3210:
3198:
3196:
3193:: 13 as of 2016
3184:
3182:
3155:
3153:
3150:: 50 as of 2021
3141:
3139:
3136:: 35 as of 2021
3127:
3125:
3113:
3111:
3099:
3097:
3086:
3084:
3072:
3070:
3058:
3056:
3044:
3042:
3030:
3028:
3025:: 24 as of 2021
3016:
3014:
3011:: 10 as of 2021
3002:
3000:
2989:
2987:
2971:
2969:
2966:: 20 as of 2021
2957:
2955:
2952:: 80 as of 2016
2943:
2941:
2938:: 12 as of 2021
2929:
2927:
2915:
2913:
2910:: 24 as of 2016
2901:
2899:
2887:
2885:
2873:
2871:
2865:: 43 as of 2016
2856:
2854:
2851:: 47 as of 2016
2842:
2840:
2828:
2826:
2814:
2812:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2721:
1972:9M22U (M-21OF)
1932:
1874:
1854:BM-21 UM Berest
1808:
1795:
1764:
1727:
1659:40 APRA 122 FMC
1644:
1643:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1559:
1522:
1493:
1480:
1464:
1405:
1376:
1310:
1294:
1261:
1248:BM-21 MT STRIGA
1234:
1206:): In 1972 the
1186:
1133:
1112:
1111:
1102:Bangladesh Army
1086:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1040:
1020:
1019:
994:
993:
982:
981:
953:
952:
947:
920:
864:BM-21PD "Damba"
776:BM-21V "Grad-V"
711:truck chassis.
699:
666:
634:gasoline engine
611:
502:
500:
485:180 hp (130 kW)
484:
471:
458:0.5–52 km
412:
197:1995 Cenepa War
77:In service
72:Service history
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7641:
7639:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7585:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7538:
7536:
7531:Self-propelled
7527:
7526:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7496:2S5 Giatsint-S
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7472:
7470:
7465:Self-propelled
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7446:
7444:
7439:Self-propelled
7435:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7402:Self-propelled
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7378:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7262:
7260:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7219:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7163:
7161:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7115:
7114:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7088:
7081:
7073:
7064:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6860:SBA-60K2 Bulat
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6770:
6768:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6679:
6672:
6671:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6597:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6562:
6555:
6554:External links
6552:
6551:
6550:
6544:
6528:
6522:
6506:
6500:
6484:
6478:
6462:
6456:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6404:
6378:
6359:
6347:
6345:, p. 105.
6335:
6333:, p. 492.
6323:
6311:
6309:, p. 476.
6299:
6280:
6278:, p. 297.
6268:
6266:, p. 416.
6256:
6254:, p. 208.
6244:
6242:, p. 475.
6232:
6230:, p. 205.
6220:
6218:, p. 203.
6208:
6206:, p. 473.
6196:
6194:, p. 202.
6184:
6182:, p. 354.
6172:
6170:, p. 471.
6160:
6158:, p. 469.
6148:
6126:
6124:, p. 466.
6114:
6088:
6081:
6060:
6048:
6036:www.unroca.org
6023:
6009:
6007:, p. 127.
5997:
5985:
5983:, p. 410.
5973:
5954:
5928:
5898:
5891:
5870:
5868:, p. 265.
5858:
5846:
5844:, p. 461.
5834:
5832:, p. 406.
5822:
5820:, p. 459.
5810:
5792:
5790:, p. 458.
5780:
5778:, p. 345.
5768:
5756:
5754:, p. 275.
5744:
5742:, p. 241.
5732:
5730:, p. 455.
5720:
5705:. p. 22.
5682:
5680:, p. 119.
5670:
5668:, p. 342.
5658:
5646:
5644:, p. 340.
5634:
5603:
5601:, p. 187.
5591:
5589:, p. 185.
5579:
5577:, p. 334.
5567:
5565:, p. 491.
5550:
5548:, p. 332.
5538:
5526:
5524:, p. 328.
5514:
5512:, p. 251.
5502:
5500:, p. 184.
5490:
5488:, p. 465.
5478:
5476:, p. 464.
5466:
5464:, p. 324.
5454:
5428:
5426:, p. 396.
5416:
5404:
5402:, p. 393.
5392:
5390:, p. 459.
5380:
5378:, p. 461.
5368:
5366:, p. 458.
5356:
5354:, p. 457.
5344:
5342:, p. 454.
5332:
5330:, p. 239.
5320:
5318:, p. 453.
5308:
5306:, p. 452.
5296:
5284:
5282:, p. 451.
5272:
5251:
5249:, p. 182.
5239:
5237:, p. 180.
5227:
5225:, p. 178.
5215:
5213:, p. 429.
5203:
5191:
5189:, p. 340.
5179:
5167:
5149:
5134:
5116:
5098:
5080:
5061:
5044:
5027:www.novosti.rs
5014:
4982:
4970:
4944:
4918:
4906:
4880:
4850:
4820:
4790:
4775:
4761:
4730:
4711:
4692:
4662:
4631:
4622:
4602:
4569:
4545:
4527:
4507:
4476:
4465:. 5 March 2021
4450:
4438:www.unian.info
4425:
4391:
4384:
4364:
4345:
4333:
4314:
4302:
4281:
4256:
4249:
4228:
4205:
4198:
4180:
4170:
4152:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4058:9A52-4 Tornado
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4013:
3996:
3982:
3969:
3956:
3942:
3929:
3915:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3880:
3866:
3852:
3838:
3824:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3782:
3768:
3754:
3753:: 3 as of 2016
3740:
3727:
3713:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3672:
3658:
3644:
3630:
3612:
3594:
3580:
3574:
3560:
3546:
3533:
3519:
3505:
3504:: 5 as of 2016
3491:
3480:9P138 "Grad-1"
3465:
3451:
3437:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3393:
3376:
3375:: 6 as of 2016
3362:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3320:
3306:
3292:
3278:
3264:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3222:
3208:
3194:
3180:
3151:
3137:
3123:
3109:
3095:
3082:
3081:: 4 as of 2016
3068:
3054:
3040:
3039:: 6 as of 2021
3026:
3023:Congo-Kinshasa
3012:
2998:
2985:
2967:
2953:
2939:
2925:
2911:
2897:
2883:
2869:
2866:
2852:
2838:
2824:
2810:
2793:
2790:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:Maximum range
1920:
1919:Minimum range
1917:
1914:
1911:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1640:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1492:
1489:
1479:
1476:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1444:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1375:
1372:
1359:Kiryat Malachi
1321:or Katyushas.
1309:
1306:
1293:
1290:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1233:
1232:Czech Republic
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1185:
1184:Czechoslovakia
1182:
1181:
1180:
1157:
1156:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1064:
1048:
1036:
1015:
989:
977:
946:
943:
942:
941:
919:
916:
904:Czechoslovakia
900:
899:
890:
889:
886:A-215 "Grad-M"
880:
879:
858:
857:
819:
818:
801:
800:
770:
769:
750:9P138 "Grad-1"
744:
743:
742:
741:
722:
721:truck chassis.
698:
695:
665:
662:
610:
607:
603:9A52-4 Tornado
578:combat vehicle
546:self-propelled
517:
516:
513:
511:Maximum speed
507:
506:
503:
498:
495:
494:
491:
487:
486:
477:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
452:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
432:
431:
428:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
409:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
389:
385:
384:
381:
374:
373:
370:
366:
365:
362:
358:
357:
353:
352:
346:
342:
341:
338:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
97:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7640:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7557:2S39 Magnolia
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7462:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7436:
7430:
7429:2K22 Tunguska
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7405:anti-aircraft
7403:
7399:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7298:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7119:Anti-aircraft
7116:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7089:
7087:
7082:
7080:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7024:
7020:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6999:VPK-3927 Volk
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6964:
6959:
6955:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6879:
6875:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6752:
6748:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6677:
6673:
6668:
6665:
6661:
6654:
6649:
6647:
6642:
6640:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6601:
6598:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6479:0-85368-197-X
6475:
6472:. Routledge.
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6453:
6449:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6393:
6389:
6382:
6379:
6374:
6370:
6363:
6360:
6357:, p. 50.
6356:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6324:
6321:, p. 16.
6320:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6303:
6300:
6295:
6291:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6233:
6229:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6149:
6136:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6115:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6052:
6049:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6001:
5998:
5995:, p. 17.
5994:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5958:
5955:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5859:
5856:, p. 70.
5855:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5811:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5769:
5766:, p. 46.
5765:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5662:
5659:
5656:, p. 45.
5655:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5638:
5635:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5539:
5536:, p. 42.
5535:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5455:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5417:
5414:, p. 85.
5413:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5297:
5294:, p. 82.
5293:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5273:
5270:, p. 32.
5269:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5204:
5201:, p. 52.
5200:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5180:
5177:, p. 40.
5176:
5171:
5168:
5164:. 1 May 2023.
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5145:
5138:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5112:
5102:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
4999:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4971:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4916:. aerostar.ro
4915:
4910:
4907:
4895:. 10 May 2023
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4851:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4779:
4776:
4772:. 3 May 2021.
4771:
4765:
4762:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4693:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4477:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4285:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4199:962-361-613-9
4195:
4191:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4153:
4150:, p. 30.
4149:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4115:T-122 Sakarya
4113:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4045:United States
4035:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4014:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3994:
3983:
3981:
3970:
3968:
3957:
3954:
3943:
3941:
3940:Islamic State
3930:
3927:
3916:
3913:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3881:
3878:
3867:
3864:
3853:
3850:
3839:
3836:
3825:
3822:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3783:
3780:
3769:
3766:
3755:
3752:
3741:
3739:
3728:
3725:
3714:
3712:
3701:
3697:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3673:
3670:
3659:
3656:
3645:
3642:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3595:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3561:
3558:
3547:
3545:
3534:
3531:
3520:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3466:
3463:
3452:
3449:
3438:
3435:
3424:
3419:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3363:
3361:
3350:
3346:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3321:
3318:
3307:
3304:
3293:
3290:
3279:
3276:
3265:
3262:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3223:
3220:
3209:
3206:
3195:
3192:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3152:
3149:
3138:
3135:
3124:
3121:
3110:
3107:
3096:
3094:
3083:
3080:
3069:
3066:
3055:
3052:
3041:
3038:
3037:Côte d'Ivoire
3027:
3024:
3013:
3010:
2999:
2997:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2968:
2965:
2954:
2951:
2940:
2937:
2926:
2923:
2912:
2909:
2898:
2895:
2884:
2881:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2853:
2850:
2839:
2836:
2825:
2822:
2811:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2732: Current
2725:
2718:
2716:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2215:submunitions
2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:submunitions
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:spiny lobster
1582:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1548:developed by
1547:
1546:Yarmuk Rocket
1543:
1539:
1538:Reo M35 truck
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1238:RM 70 Vampire
1236:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
995:Type 89 TSPRL
990:
987:
986:
978:
975:
972:
968:
967:
962:
958:
957:
949:
948:
944:
939:
935:
934:
930:
929:
924:
917:
915:
913:
909:
905:
897:
894:
893:
892:
887:
884:
883:
882:
877:
876:DP-62 "Damba"
873:
869:
865:
862:
861:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
823:
816:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
774:
773:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:
747:
746:
739:
734:
730:
726:
723:
720:
716:
713:
712:
710:
706:
703:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
678:
670:
663:
661:
657:
653:
651:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
615:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
584:
579:
574:боевая машина
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
537:
528:
524:
514:
508:
504:
496:
492:
488:
482:
478:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
293:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
182:Yugoslav Wars
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
152:Iran–Iraq War
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
45:
40:
36:BM-21 "Grad"
33:
30:
19:
7491:2S3 Akatsiya
7486:2S1 Gvozdika
7442:assault guns
7339:BM-30 Smerch
7334:BM-27 Uragan
7318:
7276:M-160 mortar
7111:World War II
6963:Armored cars
6944:Kurganets-25
6850:BTR Bumerang
6799:Kurganets-25
6535:
6513:
6491:
6469:
6447:
6440:Bibliography
6425:. Retrieved
6416:
6407:
6395:. Retrieved
6391:
6381:
6372:
6362:
6350:
6338:
6326:
6314:
6302:
6293:
6283:
6271:
6259:
6247:
6235:
6223:
6211:
6199:
6187:
6175:
6163:
6151:
6139:. Retrieved
6129:
6117:
6105:. Retrieved
6091:
6072:
6063:
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6035:
6026:
6012:
6000:
5988:
5976:
5967:
5957:
5945:. Retrieved
5931:
5919:. Retrieved
5910:
5901:
5882:
5873:
5861:
5849:
5837:
5825:
5813:
5795:
5783:
5771:
5759:
5747:
5735:
5723:
5713:25 September
5711:. Retrieved
5685:
5673:
5661:
5649:
5637:
5625:. Retrieved
5616:
5606:
5594:
5582:
5570:
5541:
5529:
5517:
5505:
5493:
5481:
5469:
5457:
5445:. Retrieved
5431:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5383:
5371:
5359:
5347:
5335:
5323:
5311:
5299:
5287:
5275:
5268:Prenatt 2016
5242:
5230:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5113:]. 1981.
5110:
5101:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5064:
5035:. Retrieved
5026:
5017:
5005:. Retrieved
4998:the original
4985:
4973:
4961:. Retrieved
4947:
4935:. Retrieved
4931:the original
4921:
4914:Galerie Foto
4909:
4897:. Retrieved
4892:
4883:
4871:. Retrieved
4867:the original
4862:
4853:
4841:. Retrieved
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4793:
4778:
4764:
4752:. Retrieved
4743:
4733:
4714:
4695:
4683:. Retrieved
4674:
4665:
4653:. Retrieved
4644:
4634:
4625:
4605:
4593:. Retrieved
4584:
4539:
4530:
4519:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4489:
4479:
4467:. Retrieved
4462:
4453:
4441:. Retrieved
4437:
4428:
4416:. Retrieved
4403:
4394:
4374:
4367:
4348:
4336:
4327:
4317:
4305:
4294:
4284:
4275:
4271:
4259:
4240:
4214:
4208:
4189:
4183:
4175:
4161:
4155:
4148:Prenatt 2016
4082:BM-30 Smerch
4076:BM-27 Uragan
3993:Soviet Union
3912:East Germany
3779:Turkmenistan
3418:Transnistria
3176:
3165:
2922:Burkina Faso
2738: Former
2714:
2676:USSR/Russia
2633:USSR/Russia
2446:5,000–6,000
2362:USSR/Russia
2325:USSR/Russia
2288:USSR/Russia
2249:USSR/Russia
2209:USSR/Russia
2172:USSR/Russia
2135:USSR/Russia
2095:USSR/Russia
2054:USSR/Russia
2020:USSR/Russia
1975:USSR/Russia
1879:
1875:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1798:
1783:
1767:
1762:South Africa
1754:
1740:LRSVM Morava
1738:
1710:
1704:
1658:
1654:
1642:
1614:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1541:
1529:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1501:Isuzu HTS12G
1496:
1481:
1468:nerve agents
1465:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1406:
1387:
1323:
1311:
1295:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1237:
1218:
1203:
1197:
1172:
1168:
1140:
1136:
1123:CTL-181A MRL
1121:
1109:
1083:
1066:
1050:
1038:
1033:Tiema XC2200
1021:Type 90 SPRL
1017:
1009:
991:
983:Type 83 SPRL
979:
964:
954:Type 81 SPRL
950:
931:
901:
895:
891:
885:
881:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
846:paramilitary
841:
840:designation
832:
828:
814:
807:9А51 "Prima"
806:
802:
796:
783:
779:
775:
771:
765:
761:
757:
749:
745:
728:
724:
714:
704:
700:
658:
654:
646:
631:
620:
598:
592:
565:
561:
554:Soviet Union
548:122 mm
544:') is a
531:БМ-21 "Град"
523:BM-21 "Grad"
522:
520:
479:V8 gasoline
380: length
329:1963–present
318:Manufacturer
85:Used by
80:1963–present
67:Soviet Union
29:
7542:2S4 Tyulpan
7521:A-222 Bereg
7506:2S19 Msta-S
7364:Zemledeliye
7281:2B9 Vasilek
7271:2B14 Podnos
7004:T-98 Kombat
6939:T-15 Armata
6737:T-14 Armata
6603:(in German)
6595:(in Polish)
6141:11 December
5947:23 December
5921:23 December
5146:VICE MEDIA.
5037:12 December
4963:23 December
4937:23 December
4873:12 December
4685:23 December
4655:23 December
4595:23 December
4322:Noir, War.
3980:South Yemen
3953:North Yemen
3711:South Sudan
3544:North Korea
3490:in service.
3177:122 RakH 89
3166:122 RakH 76
2807:Afghanistan
2759:during the
2679:Incendiary
1884:during the
1872:Projectiles
1749:M-63 Plamen
1491:North Korea
1312:Since 2006
1113:WS-22 SPMRL
1080:40 km.
1006:metric tons
912:North Korea
790:in 1969. A
609:Description
564:stands for
499:Operational
493:6×6 wheeled
337: built
107:Vietnam War
7587:Categories
7572:2S42 Lotos
7562:2S40 Floks
7516:2S43 Malva
7319:BM-21 Grad
7192:Field guns
6994:GAZ Vodnik
6855:BTR Krymsk
6600:Iraq BM-21
6397:11 January
5627:24 January
5617:Jane's 360
4893:Yahoo News
4500:24 January
4418:4 February
4404:awm.gov.au
4128:References
4024:Yugoslavia
4010:Tigray War
3835:Uzbekistan
3751:Tajikistan
3696:Somaliland
3657:: 8 Grad-U
3579:(YPG): one
3462:Mozambique
3303:Kyrgyzstan
3275:Kazakhstan
3067:as of 2016
2984:as of 2021
2980:: 6 and 5
2863:Azerbaijan
2773:Djiboutian
2757:Batticaloa
2727:Operators
2637:Incendiary
2437:M21-OF-FP
2098:Anti-tank
1886:Soviet era
1745:M-77 Oganj
1343:Kiryat Gat
1331:Beer-Sheva
1318:Gaza Strip
1308:Gaza Strip
1177:M-77 Oganj
1153:M-77 Oganj
1149:Tatra T813
1145:M-77 Oganj
1087:WS-6 SPMRL
1070:PR50 SPMRL
1028:M-77 Oganj
1002:short tons
650:collimator
638:GRAU index
490:Suspension
440:2 rounds/s
267:Tigray War
127:Ogaden War
7567:2S41 Drok
7552:2S31 Vena
7468:howitzers
7291:2S12 Sani
7215:Howitzers
7158:Anti-tank
7107:artillery
6707:T-54/T-55
6373:Oryx Blog
5968:Oryx Blog
4223:1765-0828
4121:Mini-Grad
4064:ASTROS II
3967:Sri Lanka
3849:Venezuela
3571:Palestine
3516:Nicaragua
3345:Hezbollah
3173:RM-70/85s
2719:Operators
2593:Sakr-45B
2556:Sakr-45A
2478:M21-OF-S
2400:Type 90A
2253:RF jammer
1882:NPO Splav
1865:KrAZ-6322
1844:Bastion-2
1834:Bastion-1
1711:LAROM 160
1419:Heidar-44
1367:Iron Dome
1363:Gan Yavne
1252:Tatra 817
1242:Tatra 817
1223:Tatra 815
1212:Tatra 813
906:, Egypt,
850:guerrilla
811:Ural-4320
738:Ural-4320
719:Ural-4320
709:Ural-375D
688:A BM-21V
642:Ural-4320
627:Ural-375D
542:hailstorm
90:operators
7547:2S9 Nona
7501:2S7 Pion
7424:ZSU-57-2
7133:AZP S-60
6989:GAZ Tigr
6568:Archived
6468:(1980).
6421:Archived
6101:Archived
5941:Archived
5915:Archived
5707:Archived
5621:Archived
5447:22 March
5441:Archived
5031:Archived
4957:Archived
4837:Archived
4807:Archived
4754:18 April
4748:Archived
4722:Archived
4703:Archived
4679:Archived
4649:Archived
4614:Archived
4589:Archived
4561:Archived
4494:Archived
4469:22 April
4443:22 April
4412:Archived
4356:Archived
4117:(Turkey)
4094:Katyusha
4066:(Brazil)
4052:See also
3765:Tanzania
3557:Pakistan
3488:Type-90B
3434:Mongolia
3148:Ethiopia
3093:Djibouti
2964:Cameroon
2950:Cambodia
2908:Bulgaria
2894:Botswana
2481:Romania
2449:3.1–3.7
2440:Romania
1902:thermite
1848:KrAZ-260
1840:chassis.
1838:KrAZ-260
1828:KrAZ-260
1816:KrAZ-260
1793:Thailand
1785:Bateleur
1675:Cameroon
1667:Botswana
1520:Pakistan
1347:Ashqelon
1292:Ethiopia
1286:RAAD 200
1219:RM-70/85
1054:Type 90B
1042:Type 90A
727:or also
692:variant.
664:Variants
350:Variants
345:Variants
326:Produced
310:Designed
300:Designer
172:Gulf War
7534:mortars
7481:2B1 Oka
7349:Tornado
7258:Mortars
7128:ZU-23-2
7104:Russian
7039:Yenisei
7009:Typhoon
6845:BTR-152
6808:Wheeled
6767:Tracked
6664:Russian
6620:YouTube
5129:CAT-UXO
5093:CAT-UXO
4675:Haaretz
3926:Hungary
3863:Vietnam
3793:Ukraine
3683:Somalia
3655:Senegal
3623:Romania
3611:system.
3609:Homar-K
3530:Nigeria
3502:Namibia
3486:and 90
3484:Type-81
3476:Myanmar
3448:Morocco
3404:Moldova
3331:Lebanon
3191:Georgia
3162:Finland
3134:Eritrea
3106:Ecuador
3051:Croatia
2982:Type-81
2936:Burundi
2849:Armenia
2821:Algeria
2763:(2007).
2753:Vakarai
2688:15,070
2647:19,890
2604:45,000
2567:42,000
2530:52,000
2522:Serbia
2493:12,700
2452:20,400
2415:32,700
2409:12,700
2359:PRC-60
2333:37,500
2296:40,000
2259:18,500
2220:30,000
2180:30,000
2143:20,000
2106:13,400
2066:15,000
1989:20,380
1933:weight
1931:Warhead
1928:Weight
1925:Length
1913:Origin
1818:chassis
1806:Ukraine
1769:Valkiri
1699:Ukraine
1695:Nigeria
1691:Liberia
1679:Croatia
1655:APRA-40
1637:Morocco
1633:Croatia
1629:Nigeria
1609:Romania
1530:KRL 122
1391:Magaria
1374:Georgia
1355:Rehovot
1273:Sakr-45
1269:Sakr-36
1265:Sakr-18
1131:Croatia
918:Belarus
754:ZIL-131
729:BM-21-1
715:BM-21-1
586:means "
570:Russian
538:
527:Russian
427:Barrels
418:Caliber
340:8000 +
7455:ASU-85
7450:ASU-57
7314:BMD-20
7109:after
7100:Soviet
7054:Baikal
6984:GAZ-46
6979:BRDM-2
6974:BRDM-1
6840:BPM-97
6835:BTR-90
6830:BTR-80
6825:BTR-70
6820:BTR-60
6815:BTR-40
6774:BTR-50
6660:Soviet
6542:
6520:
6498:
6476:
6454:
6427:1 July
6417:Deagel
6413:"Grad"
6107:1 June
6079:
6041:3 June
5889:
5075:Forbes
4899:20 May
4843:2 July
4813:27 May
4803:AAJ TV
4382:
4247:
4221:
4196:
4168:
4090:(Iran)
4088:Fajr-5
4042:
4021:
3990:
3977:
3964:
3950:
3938:
3923:
3909:
3891:Zambia
3888:
3874:
3860:
3846:
3832:
3821:Uganda
3818:
3790:
3776:
3762:
3748:
3735:
3721:
3708:
3693:
3680:
3669:Serbia
3666:
3652:
3641:Russia
3638:
3620:
3605:Poland
3602:
3588:
3568:
3554:
3541:
3527:
3513:
3499:
3478:: 230
3473:
3459:
3445:
3431:
3415:
3401:
3384:
3370:
3357:
3342:
3328:
3314:
3300:
3286:
3272:
3261:Israel
3259:
3230:
3216:
3202:
3188:
3170:Ex-GDR
3159:
3145:
3131:
3117:
3103:
3090:
3079:Cyprus
3076:
3062:
3048:
3034:
3021:
3006:
2993:
2975:
2961:
2947:
2933:
2919:
2905:
2891:
2877:
2860:
2846:
2835:Angola
2832:
2818:
2804:
2736:
2730:
2694:2.318
2682:1,650
2673:9M28S
2650:12.36
2641:1,500
2630:9M22S
2596:Egypt
2559:Egypt
2536:2.862
2499:1.927
2487:1,000
2403:China
2374:5,000
2322:9M522
2285:9M521
2246:9M519
2206:9M218
2169:9M217
2138:Smoke
2092:9M28K
2060:1,500
2051:9M28F
1992:12.66
1983:5,000
1950:metres
1944:metres
1938:metres
1824:BM-21K
1774:Unimog
1755:G-2000
1725:Serbia
1671:Bosnia
1645:APR-40
1617:APR-21
1557:Poland
1443:truck.
1408:D.I.O.
1395:STANAG
1389:RS-122
1351:Sderot
1339:Gedera
1335:Ofakim
1327:Ashdod
1225:truck.
1004:(27.1
974:Yan'an
792:GAZ-66
762:BM-21b
697:Russia
476:Engine
463:Sights
422:122 mm
396:Height
378:Barrel
369:Length
7382:SPG-9
7359:TOS-2
7354:TOS-1
7329:BM-25
7324:BM-24
7309:BM-14
7044:Volga
6929:BTR-T
6924:BMD-4
6919:BMD-3
6914:BMD-2
6909:BMD-1
6904:BMP-3
6899:BMP-2
6894:BMP-1
6789:GT-MU
6784:BTR-D
6779:MT-LB
6697:PT-76
6681:Tanks
5109:[
5007:1 May
5001:(PDF)
4994:(PDF)
4980:DTI-2
4863:xo.pl
4484:ARG.
4328:x.com
4268:(PDF)
4070:BM-14
3879:: 280
3877:Yemen
3738:Syria
3724:Sudan
3627:LAROM
3406:: 14
3360:Libya
3289:Kenya
3205:India
3120:Egypt
2996:China
2706:17.8
2691:9.36
2685:1.03
2665:17.8
2653:2.97
2644:0.93
2622:20.5
2616:63.5
2585:24.5
2579:67.5
2573:3.31
2551:41.9
2548:19.0
2542:64.4
2514:14.0
2511:6.35
2505:46.6
2490:0.62
2473:14.0
2470:6.35
2464:65.4
2458:2.87
2455:12.7
2429:18.3
2421:2.75
2418:20.3
2386:75.3
2380:2.75
2371:0.19
2339:3.04
2336:23.3
2302:2.87
2277:18.4
2265:3.04
2262:11.5
2226:3.04
2186:3.04
2161:20.2
2149:2.95
2132:9M43
2124:22.8
2118:57.7
2112:3.04
2100:mines
2087:46.3
2084:21.0
2078:56.5
2072:2.27
2063:0.93
2024:POM-2
2007:18.4
2001:66.6
1995:2.87
1953:ft in
1947:miles
1941:miles
1890:9N510
1860:Verba
1799:DTI-2
1778:Denel
1718:2002.
1706:LAROM
1542:Gadab
1497:BM-11
1484:FIROS
1478:Italy
1474:gas.
1472:sarin
1453:or a
1412:Arash
1314:Hamas
1282:RC-21
1278:RL-21
1259:Egypt
1199:RM-70
1061:WZ551
1011:PHZ89
966:PHZ81
945:China
842:DKZ-B
837:9P132
797:9P125
784:M1975
766:M1976
705:BM-21
623:BM-14
599:M1964
540:'
501:range
388:Width
7407:guns
7266:2B11
7160:guns
7121:guns
7102:and
7049:Amur
6934:BMPT
6732:T-90
6727:T-80
6722:T-72
6717:T-64
6712:T-62
6702:T-44
6692:T-10
6662:and
6540:ISBN
6518:ISBN
6496:ISBN
6474:ISBN
6452:ISBN
6429:2015
6399:2024
6294:Oryx
6143:2021
6109:2017
6077:ISBN
6043:2020
5949:2014
5923:2014
5887:ISBN
5715:2018
5629:2019
5449:2019
5039:2017
5009:2015
4965:2014
4939:2014
4901:2023
4875:2017
4845:2013
4833:GIDS
4815:2013
4756:2016
4687:2014
4657:2014
4645:ynet
4597:2014
4540:MORH
4521:Sohu
4502:2017
4471:2023
4445:2023
4420:2019
4380:ISBN
4245:ISBN
4219:ISSN
4194:ISBN
4166:ISBN
4100:M270
4047:: 75
3671:: 60
3591:Peru
3387:Mali
3317:Laos
3233:Iraq
3219:Iran
3065:Cuba
2978:Chad
2703:117
2662:146
2619:140
2610:2.9
2582:149
2545:142
2508:103
2496:7.9
2467:144
2412:7.9
2389:166
2377:3.1
2368:300
2348:150
2311:146
2274:146
2235:150
2213:HEAT
2195:150
2158:146
2121:127
2109:8.3
2081:125
2069:9.3
2016:9M18
2004:147
1986:3.1
1898:ML-5
1894:GOST
1747:and
1697:and
1687:Iraq
1683:Iran
1631:and
1581:eng.
1462:Iraq
1451:ATGM
1447:Raad
1437:HM27
1431:HM23
1425:HM20
1403:Iran
1361:and
1296:The
1267:and
908:Iran
848:and
815:9K59
758:9K55
725:2B17
595:NATO
588:hail
583:grad
536:lit.
521:The
483:-375
404:Crew
361:Mass
348:See
313:1963
96:Wars
88:See
54:Type
18:BM21
6794:PTS
4104:USA
3291:: 5
2709:39
2700:53
2668:39
2659:66
2625:45
2607:28
2588:54
2570:26
2533:32
2432:40
2395:44
2392:20
2354:55
2351:25
2345:70
2317:46
2314:21
2308:66
2299:25
2280:41
2271:66
2241:55
2238:25
2232:70
2223:19
2201:55
2198:25
2192:70
2183:19
2164:45
2155:66
2146:12
2127:50
2010:41
1967:lb
1896:as
1715:DAC
1709:or
1663:DAC
1657:or
1651:DAC
1588:) (
938:MAZ
764:or
690:VDV
593:In
481:ZiL
335:No.
7589::
6419:.
6415:.
6390:.
6371:.
6292:.
6034:.
5966:.
5913:.
5909:.
5803:.
5693:;
5615:.
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5254:^
5160:.
5127:.
5091:.
5073:.
5047:^
5029:.
5025:.
4955:.
4891:.
4861:.
4835:.
4831:.
4801:.
4746:.
4742:.
4673:.
4647:.
4643:.
4587:.
4583:.
4572:^
4548:^
4538:.
4518:.
4492:.
4488:.
4461:.
4436:.
4410:.
4406:.
4402:.
4326:.
4293:.
4276:10
4274:.
4270:.
4231:^
4174:.
4136:^
2771:A
2755:,
1964:kg
1960:lb
1956:kg
1701:.
1693:,
1689:,
1685:,
1681:,
1677:,
1673:,
1669:,
1635:.
1532::
1357:,
1353:,
1349:,
1345:,
1341:,
1337:,
1333:,
1329:,
910:,
740:1.
576:–
572::
562:BM
560:.
533:,
529::
430:40
7092:e
7085:t
7078:v
6652:e
6645:t
6638:v
6548:.
6526:.
6504:.
6482:.
6460:.
6431:.
6401:.
6375:.
6296:.
6145:.
6111:.
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6020:.
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