427:
evidence of irregularities and serious environmental damage, and imposed a fine of R$ 7,510,500. The next month the Region 1 Federal Court (TRF1) suspended IBAMA's injunction, saying it would cause "serious public harm." On 4 April 2016 IBAMA issued a licence for repairs to the middle section, valid for one year from date of issue. DNIT planned to immediately start work on repairing the wooden bridges and bypasses. Work would resume on the road surface within 40 days, when the rainy season had abated. IBAMA reserved the right to suspend the maintenance work if there were any infringements of the rules, failures to provide accurate information or serious environmental or health risks.
367:
not consider the fares the travellers would have paid if they had gone by air or water. It also assumed that goods such as grain, wood and fuel would now be taken via the highway rather than the
Madeira waterway, despite the fact that the waterway provides an extremely cost-effective transport method for bulk cargo. After accounting for distortions in the analysis, the project has estimated direct losses of about $ 162 million, with potential external damage mounting to $ 1.13 billion.
59:
419:
404:(IBAMA) issued a Terms of Reference requesting completion of an Environmental Impact Study / Environmental Impact Report (EIA / RIMA) for the middle section. This section is considered to be a new road, since it had seen no traffic for several years. The south and north sections did not require an EIA, since they were already paved and in use. However, the EIA considered environmental and social impacts for the full length of the road.
336:
444:
260:. Within the ALAP only licensed economic activities and public works are allowed. Any other activity that may affect the environment is prohibited. The area of influence of the highway extends about 100 kilometres (62 mi) beyond the ALAP. It is about 553,000 square kilometres (214,000 sq mi), with a population of about 1.3 million as of 2016, of whom 70% live in urban areas.
411:(UFAM), which was finalised in early 2009. After two versions of the EIA / RIMA had been returned, DNIT prepared a third version in 2009. Almost 80 researchers worked on the EIA over 17 months, at a cost of about US$ 1.5 million. This still did not meet minimum requirements to verify the project's environmental feasibility. The work was then suspended based on impact studies by IBAMA.
384:
36:
1636:
570:. In December 2012 the Amazonas state government allocated more than R$ 6 million to the nine state-level units, covering 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi) and 143 communities, to be coordinated by the State Center for Conservation Units (CEUC). The funding was for development of management plans, creation of management councils,
47:
375:
access to schools in extractive reserves along the route. In 2008 there were plans to replace oil fuelled generators by solar panels to power the computers. The company installed 40 telecommunications towers along the route. The view from a tower in 2009 was a sea of green forest cut by the yellow scar of the highway.
431:
DNIT intended to comply with the IBAMA license. Marilene Ramos, national president of IBAMA, attended. She said IBAMA's main concern was security guarantees to prevent land invasions, deforestation, illegal mining and other problems. BR-319 could not be treated as a conventional paved road, with no controls.
430:
As of April 2016 no date had been set for repaving the highway in the middle section, which would depend on completion of an EIA / RIMA. In May 2016 the
Federal Public Ministry (MPF-AM) met in Manaus with representatives from the IBAMA and DNIT to clarify what actions were being done by DNIT and how
366:
A cost-benefit analysis was undertaken by the
National Department of Transport Infrastructure (DNIT), but it was flawed. It made optimistic estimates of the number of people that would use the road and the amount that the bus companies would receive in fares, using this number as a benefit, but did
350:
Alternatives to BR-319 include developing a railway along the route and improving the waterway. In 2007 the
Amazonas Secretariat for the Environment and Development commissioned a pre-viability study for a railway. A railway would have relatively high construction costs, but would avoid 80% of the
267:
to kilometre 260 is covered in recent sediments between 7,000 and 27,000 years old. Minor variations in elevation of 1 to 3 metres (3 ft 3 in to 9 ft 10 in) cause shallow seasonal lakes to form. In the north and central sections the vegetation is dense lowland rainforest. To the
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opened a fibre-optical link from Porto Velho to Manaus running along the highway. At a cost of R$ 15 million a 935-kilometre (581 mi) cable with 12 fibres was attached to 7,106 poles along the highway. 250 workers were involved, mostly local. The fibre link is being used to provide internet
581:
of federal and state conservation units along the highway has been defined in an effort to better prevent deforestation through more efficient management of the overall area. However, WWF-Brazil has pointed out that it is not enough to simply create the protected areas on paper. They must be
426:
Maintenance was done on the middle section in 2014 and 2015, including removal of quagmires, repair of wooden bridges, replacement of existing culverts, clearing of the road sides and laying the base for the road surface. In
October 2015 IBAMA embargoed work on the middle section after finding
255:
In 2006 the federal government approved a decree that created the Area under
Provisional Administration Limitation (ALAP) on both sides of the road. The ALAP includes almost all the interfluvial region up to Porto Velho, and extends along the west bank of the lower section of the Purus and the
434:
Cyclists who rode the BR-319 in July 2016 reported that the highway had major tourist potential, but was being poorly exploited. In Rondônia the countryside was a mess due to colonisation, with deforested fields and cattle. In
Amazonas it was better, but maintenance had turned the road into a
475:. Many of the conservation units were created recently as part of efforts by the state and federal governments to mitigate the potential negative effects of repaving the highway. A total of 21 conservation units have been established in the ALAP. The minister of the environment,
533:
Six
Amazonas state conservation units totalling 23,000 square kilometres (8,900 sq mi) were created to help meet the requirements for granting an environmental license for reconstruction work on the BR-319 highway. The state-level units in the BR-319 corridor are the
415:, the Minister of Environment, stated that the work will only be allowed to recommence when the environmental requirements are met, including ensuring that future environmental problems will be prevented in the best preserved region of the Amazon rainforest.
283:
genus far outside its previously known range. The highway could affect biodiversity in the interfluvial region. Environmentalists are concerned that BR-319 connects untouched forest to the "arc of deforestation" created when roads like the controversial
1478:
Santos, Marcelo
Augusto Junior dos; Graça, Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro; Rocha, Vinícius Machado; Silva, Rodrigo Marciente Teixeira da; Bobrowiec, Paulo Estefano Dineli; Tavares, Valéria da Cunha; Fearnside, Philip Martin (April 2015),
391:
In 2005 the federal government announced that the highway would be recovered through the Growth
Acceleration Program (PAC). The purpose is to make it easier to ship products made in factories in the Manaus Free Trade Zone to
396:, as an alternative to sending the containers by sea. Three sections were defined for the purpose of roadworks: a northern section from Manaus to kilometre 250 at Igapó-Açú, a middle section from there to kilometre 655.7 at
351:
carbon emitted by construction of the highway, or 760 million tonnes of carbon. Carbon credits could be used to fund construction of the railway and purchase of rolling stock. Another alternative would be to improve the
401:
231:
The 870-kilometre (540 mi) BR-319 highway connects Manaus, Amazonas, to Porto Velho, Rondônia. The highway runs southeast from Manaus to the Ceasa ferry terminal, where ferries carry vehicles across the
614:
If the bus fare was R$ 350 and the boat fare was R$ 450, the social benefit per trip would be R$ 100. The DNIT cost benefit analysis assumed the benefit would be R$ 350, the amount earned by the bus company.
211:. It was opened by the military government in 1973 but soon deteriorated, and by 1988 was impassable. In 2008 work began to repair the highway, which will provide an alternative to boat travel along the
486:
An ordinance of 9 January 2012 provided for a consistent and integrated approach to preparing management plans for the federal conservation units in the BR-319 area of influence. These are the
1257:
1228:
Fearnside, P.M.; de Alencastro Graça, P.M. (November 2006), "BR-319: Brazil's Manaus-Porto Velho highway and the potential impact of linking the arc of deforestation to central amazonia.",
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1083:
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inter-fluvial region. Specifications for the road were weak and it quickly deteriorated due to harsh tropical conditions and lack of maintenance. By 1986 the road was impassible.
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223:. As of mid-2016 paving of the middle section of the highway had yet to be approved. Construction permits will depend on measures to prevent future damage to the forest.
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1161:
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construction site. Four of the bridges they passed were partly submerged, and the streams were being silted. Bus service along the road was taking about 24 hours.
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rivers to Porto Velho. The Purus and Madeira basins together account for about 25% of the Amazon basin. Almost all of the highway runs through the
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The interfluvial terrain has very flat topography, with altitudes ranging from 30 to 50 metres (98 to 164 ft). The northern region from the
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Construction of the 870 kilometres (540 mi) BR-319 to connect Manaus (AM) to Porto Velho was started in 1968 and completed in 1973. The
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Some work was done by the federal government between 2008 and 2009 on the basis of a preliminary EIA prepared by the
1427:
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The highway is surrounded by extensive protected areas, including conservation units – mainly sustainable use – and
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or flying between Manaus and Porto Velho. Protected areas have been created along the route in an effort to prevent
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of Brazil has initiated a 3-year program to monitor mammals along the highway in the section that runs between the
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The mammal fauna of the region have not been well studied. A new primate was discovered recently, as well as a
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terminal on the south shore. From there the highway runs southwest through the interfluvial region between the
1481:"Cenários de desmatamento e avaliação preditiva de perda de habitat na região de influência da rodovia BR-319"
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when BR-319 is reopened, a serious concern given the devastation caused elsewhere by highways such as
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
237:
114:
1383:
567:
1559:
Unidades de Conservação estaduais da BR-319 recebem incentivo de R$ 6 milhões para implementação
356:
727:
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1328:
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208:
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to the east. This should provide baseline data for measuring the impact of the highway.
312:. The road was officially inaugurated in 1976, intended to provide secure access to the
472:
335:
289:
945:
58:
2522:
339:
317:
245:
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212:
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731:
1649:
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412:
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announced a program to rebuild the highway, but it did not get off the ground.
1241:
1162:"Rodovia BR-319, que liga Manaus a Porto Velho, é rota de quem busca aventura"
624:
397:
269:
627:
provided an alternative fibre optical link from the south to Manaus when the
1023:
1021:
276:
1249:
1123:
371:
1444:
1279:
742:
740:
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The highway already provides a corridor for telecommunications. In 2006
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and Porto Velho municipalities, the forest is open lowland rainforest.
35:
17:
782:
360:
352:
285:
220:
192:
151:
132:
128:
118:
102:
910:
1506:"Dnit diz que manutenção na BR-319 será retomada na próxima semana"
819:
817:
815:
1576:
Sustainable Development in Practice: Lessons Learned from Amazonas
1324:
The Globalization of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy
442:
417:
402:
Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources
400:, and a southern section from Humaitá to Porto Velho. In 2007 the
382:
334:
46:
1205:
The Impact of the IIRSA Road Infrastructure Programme on Amazonia
846:
844:
288:
opened up the forest further south to logging and unsustainable
1606:
714:
479:, supported implementation of what he called a "green sheath" (
1367:"Travessia Manaus-Careiro da Várzea espera o verão e a BR-319"
1488:
Anais XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto – SBSR
1084:"Andrade Gutierrez: História de sucesso no Brasil e no mundo"
1055:
Unidades de Conservação estaduais da BR-319 recebem incentivo
191:
is an 870-kilometre (540 mi) federal highway that links
1525:
Six new protected areas created in Brazilian Amazonian state
1461:"Reunião discute realização de obras na BR-319, no Amazonas"
1067:
Six new protected areas created in Brazilian Amazonian state
922:
582:
staffed, delimited, legal owners compensated and so on. The
874:
946:
Reunião discute realização de obras na BR-319 ... G1 Globo
746:
646:
644:
642:
447:
Group of indigenous people on a paved section of the road
1321:
Livermore, Michael A.; Revesz, Richard L. (2013-01-07),
1039:
996:
994:
992:
990:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
698:
696:
694:
692:
304:
consortium undertook construction of the road for the
758:
732:
BR-319 Um eixo sob ameaça – Conservação Internacional
823:
2065:
1904:
1788:
1715:
101 (Translitorânea/Rodovia Governador Mário Covas)
1707:
1647:
1181:"A Fiber Deployment Project the Size of the Amazon"
161:
147:
142:
124:
108:
94:
89:
81:
73:
68:
32:
207:. The highway runs through a pristine part of the
359:, and building a railway from there to ports in
862:
850:
806:
1449:(in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
1284:(in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
1128:Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio)
1027:
1618:
1562:, Amazonas State Government, 26 December 2012
574:, land survey, and production and marketing.
346:, a cost-effective alternative for bulk cargo
8:
1168:, Manaus: Rede Calderaro de Comunicação S.A
1625:
1611:
1603:
1000:
783:Andrade Gutierrez ... Grandes Construções
683:
650:
596:Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve
1298:Fundamentals of World Regional Geography
1132:National Institute of Amazonian Research
1012:
923:Fearnside & de Alencastro Graça 2006
911:Torre da Embratel na BR-319 – BBC Brasil
592:Lago do Capanã Grande Extractive Reserve
2539:Transport in Amazonas (Brazilian state)
1659:010 (Rodovia Engenheiro Bernardo Sayão)
898:
662:
638:
607:
886:
29:
1492:National Institute for Space Research
981:
969:
957:
835:
794:
770:
702:
7:
1504:Severiano, Adneison (8 April 2016),
588:Nascentes do Lago Jari National Park
1347:Miranda, André (11 February 2008),
715:Purus-Madeira moist forests – Myers
1648:Radial highways (originating from
554:sustainable development reserves,
25:
1634:
1349:"The Internet at school's reach"
1259:Caracterização do Empreendimento
1160:Carvalho, Luana (31 July 2016),
57:
45:
34:
1420:Report 2007 – Embratel 42 years
1365:Miranda, Hellen (14 May 2016),
1295:Hobbs, Joseph J. (2016-01-29),
1202:Dijck, Pitou van (2013-03-07),
1090:(in Portuguese), archived from
875:Report 2007 – Embratel 42 years
1730:116 (Rodovia Presidente Dutra)
1267:Federal University of Amazonas
1265:(in Portuguese), vol. 1,
747:Monitoring BR 319 – WCS Brazil
409:Federal University of Amazonas
77:885 km (550 mi)
1:
1755:153 (Rodovia Transbrasiliana)
1540:"Torre da Embratel na BR-319"
1400:"Purus-Madeira moist forests"
1256:Fearnside, Philip M. (2009),
584:Wildlife Conservation Society
355:highway from Manaus north to
306:Brazilian military government
1891:290 (Rodovia Osvaldo Aranha)
1040:RESEX do Lago do Cuniã – ISA
387:Pothole on the paved section
1886:287 (Rodovia da Integração)
1573:Viana, Virgílio M. (2010),
1467:(in Portuguese), 2 May 2016
1327:, Oxford University Press,
1149:, Conservação Internacional
1088:Revista Grandes Construções
863:Livermore & Revesz 2013
851:Livermore & Revesz 2013
807:Livermore & Revesz 2013
556:Canutama Extractive Reserve
250:Purus-Madeira moist forests
2555:
2529:Federal highways in Brazil
1641:Federal highways in Brazil
1426:, Embratel, archived from
514:national forests, and the
488:Abufari Biological Reserve
2037:381 (Rodovia Fernão Dias)
1242:10.1007/s00267-005-0295-y
1179:Clesca, Bertrand (2013),
1146:BR-319 Um eixo sob ameaça
629:Tucuruí transmission line
325:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
308:during the period of the
166:
157:
138:
56:
44:
824:BR 319 – Ecologia e Ação
572:environmental monitoring
492:Cuniã Ecological Station
1446:RESEX do Lago do Cuniã
1417:"Amazon integration",
1406:, Myers Enterprises II
496:Nascentes do Lago Jari
483:) around the highway.
455:of people such as the
453:indigenous territories
448:
423:
388:
347:
2534:Transport in Rondônia
1528:, IUCN, 27 March 2009
1042:, Historico Juridico.
717:, WWF Abstract (map).
579:protected area mosaic
560:Canutama State Forest
530:extractive reserves.
516:Lago do Capanã-Grande
446:
421:
386:
338:
296:Original construction
1708:North-south highways
1301:, Cengage Learning,
590:to the west and the
568:Matupiri State Park
564:Tapauá State Forest
110:Major intersections
1789:East-west highways
1371:portalamazonia.com
1030:, Características.
1028:FES Canutama – ISA
759:Santos et al. 2015
449:
424:
389:
357:Boa Vista, Roraima
348:
323:In 1996 president
171:Highways in Brazil
2516:
2515:
2268:453 (Rota do Sol)
1905:Diagonal highways
1586:978-1-84369-773-2
1546:, 3 November 2009
1385:Monitoring BR 319
1334:978-0-19-993439-3
1308:978-1-305-85495-6
1215:978-0-415-53108-5
302:Andrade Gutierrez
238:Careiro da Várzea
209:Amazon rainforest
186:
185:
69:Route information
27:Highway in Brazil
16:(Redirected from
2546:
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1638:
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1187:, archived from
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1156:
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502:national parks,
310:economic miracle
268:south, near the
111:
63:Bridge on BR-319
61:
49:
38:
30:
21:
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1512:(in Portuguese)
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1112:(in Portuguese)
1110:Ecologia e Ação
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857:
849:
842:
834:
830:
822:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
761:, p. 5694.
757:
753:
745:
738:
730:
721:
713:
709:
701:
690:
682:
669:
661:
657:
649:
640:
636:
635:
631:was completed.
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
441:
381:
333:
298:
229:
109:
90:Major junctions
64:
52:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1570:
1554:
1536:
1520:
1501:
1475:
1457:
1441:
1414:
1404:Global Species
1396:
1380:
1362:
1344:
1333:
1318:
1307:
1292:
1276:
1253:
1230:Environ Manage
1225:
1214:
1199:
1176:
1157:
1141:
1120:
1102:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1059:
1044:
1032:
1017:
1005:
1001:Severiano 2016
986:
984:, p. 196.
974:
972:, p. 201.
962:
960:, p. 194.
950:
927:
925:, p. 705.
915:
903:
891:
879:
867:
865:, p. 231.
855:
853:, p. 225.
840:
838:, p. 190.
828:
811:
809:, p. 224.
799:
787:
775:
773:, p. 485.
763:
751:
736:
719:
707:
705:, p. 197.
688:
667:
655:
651:Fearnside 2009
637:
634:
633:
616:
606:
605:
603:
600:
440:
437:
380:
379:Reconstruction
377:
332:
329:
297:
294:
290:slash-and-burn
228:
225:
184:
183:
182:
181:
175:
174:
164:
163:
162:Highway system
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
112:
106:
105:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2551:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:Link highways
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1433:on 2016-10-11
1429:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:(5): 705–16,
1235:
1231:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1208:, Routledge,
1207:
1206:
1200:
1191:on 2016-10-11
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1094:on 2016-09-21
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:Carvalho 2016
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
954:
951:
947:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
895:
892:
888:
883:
880:
877:, p. 63.
876:
871:
868:
864:
859:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
832:
829:
825:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
803:
800:
797:, p. 20.
796:
791:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
767:
764:
760:
755:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
711:
708:
704:
699:
697:
695:
693:
689:
685:
684:BR-319 – INPA
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
659:
656:
653:, p. 23.
652:
647:
645:
643:
639:
630:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:Piagaçu-Purus
531:
529:
528:Lago do Cuniã
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Balata-Tufari
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
445:
438:
436:
432:
428:
420:
416:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
385:
378:
376:
373:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
345:
341:
340:Madeira River
337:
330:
328:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
293:
291:
287:
282:
278:
273:
271:
266:
261:
259:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
226:
224:
222:
218:
217:deforestation
214:
213:Madeira River
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
167:
165:
160:
156:
153:
150:
146:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
60:
55:
48:
43:
37:
31:
19:
1936:
1599:
1590:, retrieved
1575:
1564:, retrieved
1558:
1548:, retrieved
1543:
1530:, retrieved
1524:
1514:, retrieved
1509:
1495:, retrieved
1487:
1469:, retrieved
1464:
1451:, retrieved
1445:
1435:, retrieved
1428:the original
1419:
1408:, retrieved
1403:
1390:, retrieved
1388:, WCS Brazil
1384:
1374:, retrieved
1370:
1356:, retrieved
1352:
1338:, retrieved
1323:
1312:, retrieved
1297:
1286:, retrieved
1281:FES Canutama
1280:
1270:, retrieved
1258:
1233:
1229:
1219:, retrieved
1204:
1193:, retrieved
1189:the original
1185:OSP Magazine
1184:
1170:, retrieved
1165:
1151:, retrieved
1145:
1135:, retrieved
1127:
1114:, retrieved
1109:
1096:, retrieved
1092:the original
1087:
1062:
1035:
1008:
977:
965:
953:
918:
906:
899:Miranda 2008
894:
882:
870:
858:
831:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
710:
663:Miranda 2016
658:
619:
610:
576:
532:
485:
481:bolsão verde
480:
450:
439:Conservation
433:
429:
425:
406:
390:
369:
365:
349:
331:Alternatives
322:
299:
274:
265:Amazon River
262:
254:
234:Amazon River
230:
188:
187:
169:
85:1976–present
887:Clesca 2013
544:Rio Madeira
524:Médio Purus
477:Carlos Minc
473:Parintintín
422:Road bridge
413:Carlos Minc
344:Porto Velho
281:Bassaricyon
252:ecoregion.
201:Porto Velho
125:NE end
99:Porto Velho
95:SW end
2523:Categories
1592:2016-09-06
1566:2016-09-01
1550:2016-09-08
1544:BBC Brasil
1532:2016-07-14
1516:2016-09-06
1497:2016-09-05
1471:2016-09-06
1453:2016-09-03
1437:2016-09-08
1410:2017-03-16
1392:2016-09-06
1376:2016-09-06
1358:2016-09-08
1340:2016-09-06
1314:2016-09-06
1288:2016-09-02
1272:2016-09-05
1221:2016-09-06
1195:2016-07-27
1172:2016-09-06
1153:2016-09-06
1137:2016-09-06
1116:2016-09-06
1098:2016-09-06
982:Dijck 2013
970:Dijck 2013
958:Dijck 2013
836:Dijck 2013
795:Viana 2010
771:Hobbs 2016
703:Dijck 2013
625:TIM Brasil
500:Mapinguari
51:BR-319 map
1166:A Critica
548:Igapó-Açu
540:Rio Amapá
520:Rio Ituxi
461:Munduruku
394:São Paulo
292:farming.
277:procyonid
1650:Brasília
1579:, IIED,
1510:G1 Globo
1465:G1 Globo
1250:16990982
1130:, INPA:
1124:"BR-319"
1106:"BR 319"
623:In 2013
552:Matupiri
372:Embratel
258:Solimões
227:Location
205:Rondônia
197:Amazonas
143:Location
1353:O Globo
1076:Sources
508:Humaitá
469:Paumarí
465:Apurinã
398:Humaitá
318:Madeira
279:of the
270:Humaitá
246:Madeira
236:to the
179:Federal
148:Country
115:Humaitá
82:Existed
1583:
1331:
1305:
1248:
1212:
512:Iquiri
361:Guyana
353:BR-174
286:BR-364
221:BR-364
193:Manaus
189:BR-319
152:Brazil
133:BR-174
129:Manaus
119:BR-230
103:BR-364
74:Length
40:BR-319
18:BR-319
1484:(PDF)
1431:(PDF)
1424:(PDF)
1263:(PDF)
602:Notes
594:and
342:near
314:Purus
242:Purus
1581:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1246:PMID
1210:ISBN
566:and
550:and
526:and
510:and
498:and
471:and
457:Mura
244:and
2508:610
2503:600
2498:499
2493:498
2488:497
2483:496
2478:495
2473:494
2468:493
2463:492
2458:491
2453:490
2448:489
2443:488
2438:487
2433:486
2428:485
2423:484
2418:483
2413:482
2408:481
2403:480
2398:479
2393:478
2388:477
2383:476
2378:475
2373:474
2368:473
2363:472
2358:471
2353:470
2348:469
2343:468
2338:467
2333:466
2328:465
2323:464
2318:463
2313:462
2308:461
2303:460
2298:459
2293:458
2288:457
2283:456
2278:455
2273:454
2263:452
2258:451
2253:450
2248:448
2243:437
2238:434
2233:433
2228:432
2223:431
2218:430
2213:429
2208:428
2203:427
2198:426
2193:425
2188:424
2183:423
2178:422
2173:421
2168:420
2163:419
2158:418
2153:417
2148:416
2143:415
2138:414
2133:413
2128:412
2123:411
2118:410
2113:409
2108:408
2103:407
2098:406
2093:405
2088:404
2083:403
2078:402
2073:401
2057:393
2052:392
2047:386
2042:383
2032:377
2027:376
2022:374
2017:373
2012:369
2007:367
2002:365
1997:364
1992:363
1987:361
1982:359
1977:356
1972:354
1967:352
1962:349
1957:343
1952:342
1947:330
1942:324
1937:319
1932:317
1927:316
1922:308
1917:307
1912:304
1896:293
1881:285
1876:283
1871:282
1866:280
1861:277
1856:272
1851:267
1846:265
1841:262
1836:259
1831:251
1826:242
1821:235
1816:232
1811:230
1806:226
1801:222
1796:210
1780:174
1775:163
1770:158
1765:156
1760:154
1750:146
1745:135
1740:122
1735:120
1725:110
1720:104
1699:090
1694:080
1689:070
1684:060
1679:050
1674:040
1669:030
1664:020
1238:doi
199:to
2525::
1542:,
1508:,
1490:,
1486:,
1463:,
1402:,
1369:,
1351:,
1244:,
1234:38
1232:,
1183:,
1164:,
1126:,
1108:,
1086:,
1047:^
1020:^
989:^
930:^
843:^
814:^
739:^
722:^
691:^
670:^
641:^
577:A
562:,
558:,
546:,
542:,
538:,
522:,
518:,
506:,
494:,
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