606:
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342:, commanded at various times by William Rookings, Arthur Long, Joseph Rogers and John Clements, retained control of the house for over three months while their cause declined. The death of Bacon in October left his forces under the leadership of Joseph Ingram, who proved to be unsuited to the command. Ingram dispersed his army in small garrisons, and as the demoralized troops began to plunder indiscriminately, the condition of the colony soon became deplorable.
489:
500:(formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) in the 1970s and restored. Preservation activities continue while guests visit the Site. Bacon's Castle now operates as a house museum and historic site with 40-acres of outbuildings and dependencies including barns, slave and tenant quarters, smokehouses, and a rare example of a 17th-century English formal garden.
1541:
460:, and insurmountable debt following the Civil War. Financially strapped, Ginna's father John Hankins had mortgaged the property prior to his death in 1870. Unable to raise money to pay the mortgage, Virginia Hankins sold the 1,200 acre estate in 1872 to the mortgage holder to pay off the debt and provide for her brothers' and sisters' education. The family moved to
94:
71:
472:
until their deaths in an automobile accident in 1973. The
Warrens had no children and, the mansion and outbuildings and 40 acres of the plantation were acquired from their estate by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. The remaining 1,130 acres of the plantation were acquired by Virginia State Senator
401:
signal corps. He and his brother
Clifford were devoted friends of the Hankins family, then owners of Bacon's Castle, and the brothers often visited the estate when they were on duty at Burwell's Bay. Virginia Hankins, or Ginna, as she was called, rejected Sidney Lanier's May 1867 proposal of marriage
471:
William Allen Warren, purchased the estate in 1880 and sold it to his son
Charles Allen Warren in 1909. When Charles died in 1931 the estate passed through inheritance to his son Walker Pegram Warren who had been born in the mansion. Walker Warren and his wife used Bacon's Castle as a second home
353:, captured an unidentified "fort" which many historians have identified as Bacon's Castle. After withstanding a brief siege early in January, 1677, the loyalists used the "fort" as a base of operations for the last engagements of the rebellion, which ended before the month was out.
437:
where the families of both parties were prominent and well known, and started a long running feud between the
Hankins and Underwood families. Despite the fact that dueling had been outlawed in Virginia in 1810 following the famous duel between
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to help the group purchase a conservation easement on 1,260 acres of privately owned farmland surrounding Bacon's Castle. The easement ensures the land will be permanently protected from residential and commercial development.
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where she became a schoolteacher, learned in Latin, French, and German. She also wrote poetry and an unpublished novel. She never married. She died
December 24, 1888, and is buried in
446:, and the fact that the so-called "duel" was essentially a shootout, Underwood pleaded not guilty at his murder trial on May 16, 1867. On May 30, the jury unanimously voted to acquit.
372:, about 30 miles upriver on the northern bank of the James River. Many historians believe the name "Bacon's Castle" was not used until many years after Bacon's Rebellion. In 1769, the
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in 1676. However, contrary to popular folklore, Bacon never lived at Bacon's Castle, nor is he even known to have visited it. Bacon was the proprietor of
265:, United States, and is the oldest documented brick dwelling in what is now the United States. Built in 1665, it is noted as an extremely rare example of
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2017:
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Between the mid to late-nineteenth century, Bacon's Castle underwent several modifications. An original one story service wing was replaced by a taller
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Courthouse over insults previously exchanged between the two men while drinking in a tavern. The tragedy created intense excitement throughout the
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began to conquer the isolated posts one by one, some by force and some by persuasion. On
December 29, a loyal force aboard the vessel
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2007:
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solely because of the obligation she felt towards her motherless younger brothers and sisters, but they remained lifelong friends.
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1813:
422:
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The Allen family's brick home became known as "Bacon's Castle" because it was occupied as a fort or "castle" by the followers of
1951:
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in 1676. However, contrary to popular folklore, Bacon never lived at Bacon's Castle, nor is he even known to have visited it.
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At the request of
Virginia Hankins, Sidney Lanier wrote "In Memoriam" for her brother who had been his friend.
369:
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The house became known as "Bacon's Castle" because it was occupied as a fort or "castle" by the followers of
1880:
1836:
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and the only surviving "high-style" house from the 17th century. It is one of only three surviving
Jacobean
453:
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457:
406:
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904:
The Houses We Live In: An
Identification Guide to the History and Style of American Domestic Architecture
1895:
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393:(2nd Battalion, Macon Volunteers), later one of the "Poets of the Confederacy", was stationed at nearby
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996:: 46 photos, 3 color transparencies, 22 measured drawings, 8 data pages, and 2 photo caption pages at
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802:"Bacon's Castle - the Letters of Virginia Hankins and Sidney Lanier » Preservation Virginia"
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261:, also variously known as "Allen's Brick House" or the "Arthur Allen House" is located in
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wing. Around this time, the entrance was moved from the center of the main block to the
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1986:
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421:. Later, he was promoted to Captain of the Surry Light Artillery and served through
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1920:
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413:, a literary society at the university. He was commissioned June 22, 1861 as
327:, inherited the house and property. Major Allen was a member of the Virginia
137:
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and historic site open for guest visitation. Bacon's Castle is an official
1540:
757:
National
Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, Bacon's Castle, p. 2.
382:
used that name when it published several articles about Bacon's Rebellion.
334:
About mid-September, 1676, a number of the rebel followers of frontiersman
1805:
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529:
339:
316:
315:, where he and his wife Alice (née Tucker) Allen lived. He was a wealthy
983:
964:
Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic
70:
638:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Surry County, Virginia
291:
historic site and operates under its 501 (c)(3) not-for-profit status.
845:
587:
surround. All of these changes were maintained in the restoration.
456:, Bacon's Castle faced the problems of loss of manpower due to the
545:
487:
683:
426:
405:
Ginna's brother, James DeWitt Hankins, was a law student at the
1809:
1006:
2048:
National Register of Historic Places in Surry County, Virginia
2003:
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
583:. Moving the door left a scar in the location of the original
785:"Daily Press: Hampton Roads News, Virginia News & Videos"
544:
features include the triple-stacked chimneys, shaped Flemish
338:
seized the brick house of Major Allen and fortified it. The
979:
Bacon's Castle webpage on the Preservation Virginia website
660:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from
796:
794:
575:
between the original house and addition, and diamond-pane
994:
Bacon's Castle, State Route 617, Surry, Surry County, VA
989:
National Park Service, a brief history of Bacon's Castle
556:
in many of the public rooms. The house is listed on the
425:. Captain Hankins was killed by William Underwood in a
323:
in Surry County. Allen died in 1669, but his son, Major
198:
preservationvirginia.org/historic-sites/bacons-castle
409:
at the outbreak of the war. He was a member of the
1934:
1843:
1780:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1749:
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738:
Preserving Virginia 1889-1989: Centennial Pictorial
248:
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901:
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611:Bacon's Castle, perspective showing chimneys. 2014
299:Soon after Surry County was formed in the English
770:Sidney Lanier: A Biographical and Critical Study
476:and later passed through inheritance to his son
633:List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
1998:Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
2058:1665 establishments in the Colony of Virginia
1821:
1018:
753:
751:
749:
747:
520:Bacon's Castle is a rare example of American
8:
867:McAlester, Virginia; Lee McAlester (1984).
740:. Virginia: The Art Band. 1989. p. 12.
623:Old Brick Church (Bacon's Castle, Virginia)
1993:Brick buildings and structures in Virginia
1828:
1814:
1806:
1025:
1011:
1003:
875:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. p.
712:National Historic Landmark summary listing
528:west of the Atlantic—the other two are in
93:
69:
1034:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
967:. New York: New York, C. Scribner's Sons.
40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
16:Historic house in Virginia, United States
628:List of the oldest buildings in Virginia
2028:National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
844:. Preservation Virginia. Archived from
828:"Surry, Sussex projects receive grants"
714:. National Park Service. Archived from
649:
589:
397:from May 1863 to October 1864 with the
684:"National Register Information System"
23:
940:Virginia under the Stuarts, 1607-1688
509:Virginia Land Conservation Foundation
7:
956:. New York: Oxford University Press.
689:National Register of Historic Places
558:National Register of Historic Places
507:received a $ 257,996 grant from the
943:. New Jersey: Princeton University.
908:. London: PRC Publishing. pp.
480:and remain devoted to agriculture.
2013:Historic house museums in Virginia
998:Historic American Buildings Survey
14:
2033:Jacobean architecture in Virginia
2018:Museums in Surry County, Virginia
767:Starke, Aubrey Harrison (1964) .
484:Preservation and later operations
378:newspaper in the capital city of
2043:Houses in Surry County, Virginia
2038:Greek Revival houses in Virginia
1539:
1532:
871:A Field Guide to American Houses
604:
592:
92:
85:
984:Bacon's Castle Facebook webpage
937:Wertenbaker, Thomas J. (1914).
579:were exchanged for double-hung
496:Bacon's Castle was acquired by
417:of artillery, Fourth Regiment,
49:U.S. National Historic Landmark
218:
205:
1:
2053:Plantation houses in Virginia
658:"Virginia Landmarks Register"
538:St. Nicholas Abbey Plantation
311:brick house in 1665 near the
138:37.109027000°N 76.722384000°W
505:Virginia Outdoors Foundation
167:; 359 years ago
21:United States historic place
1762:National Historic Landmarks
952:Early American Architecture
283:Today Bacon's Castle is an
143:37.109027000; -76.722384000
58:Virginia Landmarks Register
2074:
562:National Historic Landmark
1770:
1530:
204:NRHP reference
80:
68:
64:
55:
46:
37:
30:
26:
2008:Houses completed in 1665
429:on October 18, 1866, at
180:Architectural style
2023:James River plantations
1837:James River Plantations
961:Kimball, Fiske (1922).
948:Morrison, Hugh (1952).
560:, and was designated a
536:and the Great House at
454:James River Plantations
1775:Keeper of the Register
1687:Poquoson (no listings)
900:Howe, Jeffery (2002).
493:
458:emancipation of slaves
407:University of Virginia
366:Curles Neck Plantation
263:Surry County, Virginia
111:Surry County, Virginia
75:Bacon's Castle in 2017
1795:Contributing property
694:National Park Service
664:on September 21, 2013
552:decorating the cross
522:Jacobean architecture
498:Preservation Virginia
491:
289:Preservation Virginia
285:historic house museum
267:Jacobean architecture
599:Bacon's Castle, 2014
347:Sir William Berkeley
321:Justice of the Peace
307:built a high style
249:Designated VLR
241:Designated NHL
134: /
494:
466:Hollywood Cemetery
440:Alexander Hamilton
435:Virginia Tidewater
329:House of Burgesses
301:colony of Virginia
269:in the New World.
1980:
1979:
1957:Flowerdew Hundred
1891:Middle Plantation
1803:
1802:
1790:Historic district
808:on March 16, 2016
773:. pp. 48–52.
696:. March 15, 2006.
411:Jefferson Society
362:Bacon's Rebellion
278:Bacon's Rebellion
256:
255:
252:September 9, 1969
228:Significant dates
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1942:Appomattox Manor
1886:Martin's Hundred
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1583:Colonial Heights
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842:"Bacon's Castle"
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534:Drax Hall Estate
419:Virginia Militia
415:first lieutenant
375:Virginia Gazette
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492:The smokehouse.
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358:Nathaniel Bacon
345:Royal Governor
336:Nathaniel Bacon
325:Arthur Allen II
297:
274:Nathaniel Bacon
244:October 9, 1960
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129:76°43′20.5824″W
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1279:Isle Of Wight
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919:1-85648-637-0
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582:
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569:Greek Revival
565:
563:
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550:compass roses
548:, and carved
547:
543:
542:architectural
539:
535:
531:
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513:
510:
506:
503:In 2015, the
501:
499:
490:
483:
481:
479:
478:Elmon T. Gray
475:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
447:
445:
441:
436:
432:
431:Isle of Wight
428:
424:
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408:
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396:
395:Burwell's Bay
392:
391:Sidney Lanier
388:
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233:Added to NRHP
231:
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196:
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189:
188:Greek revival
185:
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178:
164:
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157:Hampton Roads
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119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
88:
79:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
29:
25:
19:
1967:Smith's Fort
1946:
1921:Varina Farms
1881:Green Spring
1736:Williamsburg
1668:Newport News
1663:Martinsville
1633:Harrisonburg
1608:Falls Church
1509:Westmoreland
1474:Spotsylvania
1424:Rappahannock
1394:Pittsylvania
1299:King William
1154:Chesterfield
1144:Charles City
963:
951:
939:
903:
895:
870:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
836:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:the original
779:
769:
762:
737:
732:
720:. Retrieved
716:the original
711:
702:
687:
678:
666:. Retrieved
662:the original
652:
581:sash windows
566:
526:great houses
519:
516:Architecture
502:
495:
474:Garland Gray
470:
451:
448:
404:
384:
380:Williamsburg
373:
355:
351:Young Prince
350:
344:
333:
305:Arthur Allen
298:
282:
271:
258:
257:
18:
1866:Curles Neck
1750:Other lists
1568:Buena Vista
1469:Southampton
1364:Northampton
1339:Mecklenburg
1294:King George
1249:Greensville
532:. They are
452:Like other
399:Confederate
385:During the
313:James River
141: /
117:Coordinates
1987:Categories
1935:South bank
1896:North Bend
1844:North bank
1741:Winchester
1731:Waynesboro
1691:Portsmouth
1683:Petersburg
1578:Chesapeake
1558:Alexandria
1504:Washington
1459:Shenandoah
1444:Rockingham
1439:Rockbridge
1349:Montgomery
1284:James City
1229:Gloucester
1174:Cumberland
1124:Buckingham
1079:Appomattox
931:References
585:pedimented
540:. Notable
444:Aaron Burr
423:Appomattox
389:, Private
1952:Chippokes
1876:Evelynton
1851:Belle Air
1648:Lynchburg
1643:Lexington
1588:Covington
1344:Middlesex
1324:Lunenburg
1304:Lancaster
1234:Goochland
1219:Frederick
1184:Dinwiddie
1179:Dickenson
1149:Charlotte
1114:Brunswick
1109:Botetourt
1084:Arlington
1064:Alleghany
1059:Albemarle
1047:by county
564:in 1960.
387:Civil War
303:in 1652,
217:VLR
1926:Westover
1906:Richneck
1901:Southall
1871:Edgewood
1856:Berkeley
1716:Staunton
1701:Richmond
1653:Manassas
1638:Hopewell
1613:Franklin
1593:Danville
1494:Tazewell
1479:Stafford
1429:Richmond
1399:Powhatan
1374:Nottoway
1359:New Kent
1274:Highland
1214:Franklin
1209:Fluvanna
1199:Fauquier
1169:Culpeper
1134:Caroline
1129:Campbell
1119:Buchanan
1054:Accomack
1038:Virginia
852:July 25,
812:March 6,
722:June 23,
617:See also
530:Barbados
462:Richmond
340:garrison
317:merchant
309:Jacobean
223:090-0001
211:66000849
184:Jacobean
107:Location
1916:Shirley
1757:Bridges
1721:Suffolk
1706:Roanoke
1696:Radford
1673:Norfolk
1628:Hampton
1603:Fairfax
1598:Emporia
1563:Bristol
1551:by city
1449:Russell
1434:Roanoke
1419:Pulaski
1389:Patrick
1334:Mathews
1329:Madison
1314:Loudoun
1264:Henrico
1259:Hanover
1254:Halifax
1239:Grayson
1194:Fairfax
1139:Carroll
1099:Bedford
1089:Augusta
1074:Amherst
668:June 5,
360:during
295:History
276:during
194:Website
170: (
1678:Norton
1499:Warren
1489:Sussex
1379:Orange
1354:Nelson
1319:Louisa
1244:Greene
1159:Clarke
1069:Amelia
916:
910:125–26
883:
573:hyphen
546:gables
319:and a
1711:Salem
1623:Galax
1549:Lists
1519:Wythe
1484:Surry
1464:Smyth
1454:Scott
1269:Henry
1224:Giles
1204:Floyd
1189:Essex
1164:Craig
1104:Bland
1045:Lists
644:Notes
554:beams
162:Built
1524:York
1514:Wise
1384:Page
1094:Bath
914:ISBN
881:ISBN
854:2010
814:2016
724:2008
670:2013
442:and
427:duel
236:1966
186:and
172:1665
165:1665
154:Area
1309:Lee
1036:in
877:110
368:in
219:No.
206:No.
1989::
912:.
879:.
793:^
746:^
710:.
692:.
686:.
468:.
331:.
1829:e
1822:t
1815:v
1026:e
1019:t
1012:v
922:.
889:.
856:.
830:.
816:.
787:.
726:.
672:.
174:)
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