907:(Capablanca had the black pieces). The position shown to the right was reached after White's 29th move. Capablanca now played 29...Qb2! The simplest point is that 30.Qxb2 is not possible because of the back-rank mate 30...Rd1#, but there are several related ideas: for example, 30.Qe1, apparently defending the threatened rook, loses to 30...Qxc3 (if 31.Qxc3 then 31...Rd1+ 32.Qe1 Rxe1#); 30.Rc2 fails to 30...Qb1+ 31.Qf1 Qxc2; and 30.Qc2 loses to 30...Qa1+ 31.Qc1 Rd1+ 32.Qxd1 Qxd1#, or 30...Qxc2 31.Rxc2 Rd1#. After 30.Rc8 it looks like white may turn the tables as 30...Rxc8? allows 31.Qxb2 to win a queen for a rook, however Capablanca has 30...Qa1+ (or Qb1+) when instead White loses a rook after 31.Qf1 Qxf1+ 32.Kxf1 Rxc8. Similarly, 30.Qd3 loses to 30...Qa1+ (not 30...Rxd3?? 31.Rc8+) 31.Qf1 Qxc3. So Bernstein had to resign.
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607:). If it were Black to play in the example to the left, he could counter White's threat with, for example, 1...g6, giving the king a square on g7 to which it can safely move. Note, however, that 1...h6 in this example would not do the job, as after the d3-rook moves, the h7-square is covered by the white bishop. Black cannot move the bishop to safety first either, due to a
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Back-rank mates occur quite often in games at fairly low levels. This is because beginners typically fail to anticipate an impending mate on the back rank. At higher levels of play, though the mate itself does not occur very often, play is often affected by the possibility of it—the fact that a
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If 18... Qd8, then 19.Qxc8! wins a rook, since the rook on e8 now cannot move off e8 to recapture and thus cannot add to the defense of e8. Black cannot play 18...Rxe2 because 19.Qxd7 wins the queen for a rook, as the white knight guards the other rook on e1. Neither rook can move to defend the
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As with the previous example, the perpetrator of the back rank mate must be careful to not themselves fall for one: 19.a4?? allows 19...Qxe2! when 20.Rxe2 allows 20...Re1+ 21.Ne1 Rxe1+ 22.Rxe1 Rxe1#. With this and the following move, White obstructs the c-file with
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White must once again be careful with their own back rank: the immediate 21.Qxb7?? loses to 21...Qxe2! since 22.Rxe2 allows 22...Rc1+ 23.Re1 R(either)xe1+ 24.Nxe1 Rxe1#. With this move, White prepares the following move, removing their rook from e2 with tempo.
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It is often not a good idea to play such pawn moves unless there is a pressing need to do so, as they can not only represent a loss of time, but may also allow enemy penetration around the squares weakened by the pawn advance. In many
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for no compensation—and Black has no good continuation because of the threat of Qxa8 or Qxc8, for example, 1...Qa6 2.Qxa8! Rxa8 3.Rd8+ Rxd8 4.Rxd8#. If Black tries to defend the back rank so that White's queen and bishop are
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Note that had
Capablanca played for the back-rank mate more directly with 29...Qb1+ 30.Qf1 Rd1?? (30...Qxa2 would be sensible), he would himself have lost to the back-rank mate 31.Rc8+ Rd8 32.Rxd8#.
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Black's queen has no remaining safe squares from which to defend e8 and is hanging, so Black must either lose at least a queen for a rook or be checkmated on the back rank.
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577:. In the example shown to the left, White can play 1.Qxc6 and black cannot reply 1...Rxc6 because of 2.Rd8+ Rxd8 3.Rxd8# with a back-rank mate. Black therefore loses his
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If 22...Qxe4, then 23.Rxe4 and neither black rook can take either white major piece, as the other black rook then falls with check and subsequently back rank mate.
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Back-rank mates are often guarded against by a friendly rook or queen protecting the back rank. However, it may be possible for the attacking side to
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player has to spend time guarding against the mate may leave them vulnerable to other threats and tactical ideas.
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In high-level games, a deflection is often necessary to force a back rank mate. Below are two famous examples.
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895:'s most famous games featured a variety of back-rank threats at the end. It was an
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because the king is blocked by friendly pieces (usually pawns) on the second rank.
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At no point can Black take the queen with either rook or queen, because of Rxe8+.
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Back-rank threats can be guarded against more permanently by moving one of the
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The United States Chess
Federation - A Common Tactic: The Back Rank Problem
1453:"Edwin Ziegler Adams vs Carlos Torre Repetto (1920) Take my wife. Please!"
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for one of them, or exchange one of them, or the pieces may simply be
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Black's queen has only one remaining safe square to defend e8 from.
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This game was most likely never played, instead being composed by
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590:) 2.Qf6! and Black still cannot take due to the back-rank mate.
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246:(that is, the row closest to them) in which the mated
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Adams vs. Torre
Repetto, 1920 (most likely composed)
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1399:(3rd ed.). Running Press. p. 16.
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1429:Secrets of the Russian Chessmasters
1484:by GM Susan Polgar, August 6, 2008
886:Position after White's 29th move.
25:
1242:and 19.Qxd7 simply wins a queen.
1214:Position after Black's 17th move
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2922:List of strong chess tournaments
1476:How to Play Chess:Back-rank mate
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1900:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1431:. Vol. 2. pp. 67–69.
1223:as a tribute to his instructor
640:Bernstein vs. Capablanca, 1914
1:
3020:Computer chess championships
1328:The Oxford Companion to Chess
560:of white rooks at d1 and d3.
1357:Encyclopedia of Chess Wisdom
2802:Bishop and knight checkmate
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2965:Other world championships
256:
238:along the opponent's back
27:Type of checkmate in chess
3246:
2812:Opposite-coloured bishops
1397:The Mammoth Book of Chess
250:is unable to move up the
2939:World Chess Championship
1905:World Chess Hall of Fame
635:Bernstein vs. Capablanca
263:to describe chess moves.
3233:Simultaneous exhibition
3143:Chess newspaper columns
2832:Rook and bishop vs rook
2822:Queen and pawn vs queen
1333:Oxford University Press
914:Adams vs. Torre Repetto
2688:Richter–Veresov Attack
2676:Queen's Indian Defence
1262:19... Qd7 20.Qc7!! Qb5
2949:Candidates Tournament
2837:Rook and pawn vs rook
2807:King and pawn vs king
2758:List of chess gambits
2661:King's Indian Defence
2339:Isolated Queen's Pawn
1863:List of chess players
1805:Top player comparison
1604:Internet chess server
209:Black is checkmated.
2666:Nimzo-Indian Defence
2562:Scandinavian Defense
2523:Semi-Italian Opening
2428:King's Indian Attack
2317:first-move advantage
1970:Threefold repetition
1895:Bobby Fischer Center
1780:Charlemagne chessmen
1774:Göttingen manuscript
1579:Correspondence chess
1221:Carlos Torre Repetto
893:José Raúl Capablanca
2894:Two knights endgame
2646:Bogo-Indian Defence
2533:Two Knights Defense
2473:Nimzowitsch Defence
2163:Artificial castling
1800:Soviet chess school
1675:Dubrovnik chess set
1225:Edwin Ziegler Adams
220:back-rank checkmate
18:Back rank checkmate
3124:endgame literature
2671:Old Indian Defense
2581:Accelerated Dragon
2453:Alekhine's Defence
2185:Checkmate patterns
2054:symbols in Unicode
2049:annotation symbols
1812:Geography of chess
1680:Staunton chess set
1363:Cardoza Publishing
1283:21... Qxa4 22.Re4!
261:algebraic notation
259:This article uses
3289:Chess terminology
3271:
3270:
3148:Chess periodicals
3077:Chess in the arts
3009:Chess composition
2847:Philidor position
2788:
2787:
2730:Trompowsky Attack
2713:Semi-Slav Defence
2603:Queen's Pawn Game
2483:Four Knights Game
2458:Caro–Kann Defence
2423:Zukertort Opening
2210:Discovered attack
1930:Cheating in chess
1767:Versus de scachis
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571:sacrifice a queen
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222:(also known as a
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16:(Redirected from
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3284:Chess checkmates
3258:Chess portal
3256:
3255:
3199:Leela Chess Zero
3130:Oxford Companion
3082:early literature
3072:Chess aesthetics
2817:Pawnless endgame
2768:Bongcloud Attack
2746:List of openings
2718:Chigorin Defense
2656:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
2567:Sicilian Defence
2513:Ponziani Opening
2508:Philidor Defence
2503:Petrov's Defence
2445:King's Pawn Game
2418:Larsen's Opening
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3138:Chess libraries
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2959:FIDE Grand Prix
2954:Chess World Cup
2908:
2904:Wrong rook pawn
2842:Lucena position
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2651:Catalan Opening
2626:English Defence
2611:Budapest Gambit
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2555:Austrian Attack
2439:
2408:English Opening
2370:
2366:School of chess
2349:Minority attack
2281:
2250:Queen sacrifice
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2006:White and Black
2001:Touch-move rule
1960:Perpetual check
1955:Fifty-move rule
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897:exhibition game
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3179:Chess composer
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2927:Chess Olympiad
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2693:Queen's Gambit
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2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Benoni Defence
2631:Indian Defence
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2574:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2545:Owen's Defence
2542:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2468:Modern Defence
2465:
2463:French Defence
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Bird's Opening
2395:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2329:Pawn structure
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
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2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:Alekhine's gun
2165:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2086:Half-open file
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2029:Chess notation
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1984:Pawn promotion
1981:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1887:
1885:Women in chess
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:Hypermodernism
1792:
1790:Romantic chess
1787:
1785:Lewis chessmen
1782:
1777:
1770:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1726:
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1704:
1699:
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1677:
1672:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1623:world rankings
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1552:Computer chess
1549:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1470:External links
1468:
1465:
1464:
1444:
1438:978-0393324518
1437:
1412:
1405:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1351:Schiller, Eric
1347:
1341:
1323:Whyld, Kenneth
1313:
1310:
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1296:
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680:
678:
674:
673:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
642:
639:
638:
636:
633:
628:
625:
617:chess openings
555:
552:
551:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
518:
514:
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502:
498:
497:
494:
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482:
481:
478:
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466:
465:
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454:
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440:
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419:
412:
405:
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370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
315:
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303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
277:
276:
270:
267:
258:
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239:
208:
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199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
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171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
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150:
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143:
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139:
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131:
127:
126:
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119:
118:
115:
107:
100:
93:
86:
79:
73:
71:
67:
66:
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61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
35:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3306:
3295:
3294:Chess tactics
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3238:Solving chess
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Chess prodigy
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:Chess problem
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:opening books
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3107:short stories
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:Art and media
3058:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
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2970:
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2930:
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2925:
2923:
2920:
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2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:triangulation
2870:
2868:
2867:Tarrasch rule
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Queen vs pawn
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
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2749:
2748:
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2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:London System
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Modern Benoni
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Dutch Defence
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:King's Gambit
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Grob's Attack
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Dunst Opening
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Benko Opening
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2385:Flank opening
2382:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
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2238:
2236:
2233:
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2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
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2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Transposition
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
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2100:
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2094:
2091:
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2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
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2067:
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2059:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:Chess museums
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Notable games
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
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1814:
1813:
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1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
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1778:
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1775:
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1737:
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1713:
1710:
1708:
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1700:
1698:
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1689:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1647:World records
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:Rating system
1616:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
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1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
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1553:
1550:
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1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1406:9780762437269
1402:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1372:0-940685-93-0
1368:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1342:0-19-866164-9
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1319:Hooper, David
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
925:
924:
913:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
813:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
797:
793:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
646:
645:
634:
632:
626:
624:
622:
618:
612:
610:
606:
605:
600:
599:flight square
596:
591:
589:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
559:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
524:
523:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
499:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
475:
471:
468:
467:
463:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
281:
280:
275:
268:
262:
255:
253:
249:
244:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:corridor mate
221:
217:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
148:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
124:
121:
120:
116:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
41:
39:
38:
33:From Burgess
30:
19:
3184:Chess engine
3169:Chess boxing
3129:
2899:Wrong bishop
2751:theory table
2725:Torre Attack
2708:Slav Defence
2616:Colle System
2591:Scheveningen
2550:Pirc Defence
2493:Italian Game
2488:Giuoco Piano
2433:RĂ©ti Opening
2356:Piece values
2344:MarĂłczy Bind
2305:the exchange
2295:Compensation
2225:Interference
2215:Double check
1989:Time control
1976:
1950:by agreement
1878:grandmasters
1822:South Africa
1772:
1765:
1741:Score sheets
1687:Chess pieces
1594:Online chess
1540:Chess titles
1535:Chess theory
1456:. Retrieved
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1303:23.Qxb7! 1–0
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269:Introduction
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3114:Chess books
2914:Tournaments
2773:Fool's mate
2538:Vienna Game
2528:Scotch Game
2361:Prophylaxis
2277:Zwischenzug
2262:Undermining
2230:Overloading
2190:Combination
2039:descriptive
1734:Chess table
1729:Chess clock
1545:Grandmaster
1425:Parr, Larry
1421:Alburt, Lev
1232:18.Qg4! Qb5
3278:Categories
3221:joke chess
3174:Chess club
2862:opposition
2324:Middlegame
2312:Initiative
2235:Pawn storm
2200:Deflection
2071:Key square
2061:Fianchetto
1994:Fast chess
1978:En passant
1670:chessboard
1458:2024-02-12
1312:References
1240:overloaded
899:played in
621:Fianchetto
575:overworked
3204:Stockfish
3194:Deep Blue
3189:AlphaZero
3097:paintings
2889:Tablebase
2853:Strategy
2763:Irregular
2518:Ruy Lopez
2478:Open Game
2245:Sacrifice
2205:Desperado
2108:connected
2081:Open file
2076:King walk
2034:algebraic
1965:Stalemate
1940:Checkmate
1665:Chess set
1657:Equipment
1293:22... Qb5
228:checkmate
3263:Category
3216:glossary
2877:Zugzwang
2857:fortress
2794:Endgames
2703:Declined
2698:Accepted
2376:Openings
2334:Hedgehog
2300:Exchange
2287:Strategy
2267:Windmill
2118:isolated
2103:backward
1925:Castling
1868:amateurs
1761:Timeline
1635:Variants
1589:Glossary
1572:software
1557:glossary
1395:(2009).
1353:(1999).
1325:(1992).
1247:19.Qc4!!
627:Examples
584:skewered
3164:Arbiter
3157:Related
3014:Solving
3004:Amateur
2586:Najdorf
2168:Battery
2155:Tactics
2130:Swindle
2113:doubled
2093:Outpost
2024:Blunder
1839:Armenia
1753:History
1599:Premove
1567:engines
1562:matches
1527:Outline
891:One of
567:deflect
558:battery
226:) is a
3102:poetry
3092:novels
3067:CaĂŻssa
2999:Senior
2989:Junior
2577:Dragon
2572:Alapin
2257:Skewer
2123:passed
2066:Gambit
1873:female
1834:Europe
1817:Africa
1712:Knight
1707:Bishop
1478:audio.
1435:
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1369:
1339:
1272:21.a4!
901:Moscow
579:bishop
3049:WCSCC
2994:Youth
2984:Blitz
2979:Rapid
2969:Women
2932:Women
2884:Study
2739:Other
2272:X-ray
2195:Decoy
2180:Block
2135:Tempo
2098:Pawns
2016:Terms
1935:Check
1917:Rules
1851:India
1844:Spain
1829:China
1722:Fairy
1697:Queen
1628:norms
1519:Chess
1255:tempo
595:pawns
252:board
236:queen
216:chess
3087:film
3044:WCCC
3039:TCEC
3029:CSVN
2974:Team
2944:List
2220:Fork
2145:Trap
1945:Draw
1717:Pawn
1702:Rook
1692:King
1640:List
1609:list
1584:FIDE
1433:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1337:ISBN
604:luft
601:(or
588:luft
248:king
242:rank
232:rook
218:, a
3024:CCC
2240:Pin
2044:PGN
623:).
234:or
214:In
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