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is too high. The reduction is smaller for large s because deleterious mutations are removed more quickly from the population. For linked sites, diversity is reduced by exp(-u/r), where u/r is the ratio of deleterious mutation to recombination within a genomic window surrounding the neutral allele of
153:, the accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations. Background selection reduces the effective population size down to represent only those individuals with the fewest mutations, and sometimes this size stochastically falls to zero, producing one click of the ratchet.
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across the genome. In areas of high recombination, new mutations are more likely to ‘escape' the effects of nearby selection and be retained in the population. The same correlation is also produced by
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Charlesworth, D., B. Charlesworth, and M. T. Morgan. 1995. The pattern of neutral molecular variation under the background selection model. Genetics. 141: 1619-1632.
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from nearby deleterious alleles. Background selection at linked sites dominates when U<1, while background selection at unlinked sites dominates when U>1.
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Charlesworth, B., M. T. Morgan, and D. Charlesworth. 1993. The effect of deleterious mutations on neutral molecular variation. Genetics. 134: 1289-1303.
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has a significant impact on whether it will be preserved versus lost from a population. Background selection contradicts the assumption of the
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Ewing, Gregory B.; Jensen, Jeffrey D. (January 2016). "The consequences of not accounting for background selection in demographic inference".
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coefficient. This corresponds to the probability that an individual cannot appreciably contribute to the next generation because its
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Innan, Hideki and
Wolfgang Stephan. 2003. Distinguishing the hitchhiking and background selection models. Genetics. 165: 2307-2312.
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Hudson, Richard R. and Norman L. Kaplan. 1995. Deleterious background selection with recombination. Genetics. 141: 1605-1617.
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326:"Background selection and biased gene conversion affect more than 95% of the human genome and bias demographic inferences"
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Johri, Parul; Riall, Kellen; Becher, Hannes; Excoffier, Laurent; Charlesworth, Brian; Jensen, Jeffrey D. (25 June 2021).
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Charlesworth, Brian. 2012. The effects of deleterious mutations on evolution at linked sites. Genetics. 190: 5-22.
369:"The Impact of Purifying and Background Selection on the Inference of Population History: Problems and Prospects"
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to deleterious sites. For unlinked sites, it is reduced by exp(-8Ush), where U is the genome-wide deleterious
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Lewontin, R. C. 1974. The genetic basis for evolutionary change. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, NY.
186:"Background Selection From Unlinked Sites Causes Nonindependent Evolution of Deleterious Mutations"
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Pouyet, Fanny; Aeschbacher, Simon; Thiéry, Alexandre; Excoffier, Laurent (23 August 2018).
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of beneficial mutations, and increases the fixation probability of deleterious mutations.
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Failing to account for background selection can lead to errors in the inference of the
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interest. This corresponds to the probability that a gene copy is able to escape via
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130:. The two theories are easiest to distinguish in regions of low recombination.
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Background selection contributes to a selective explanation of the positive
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that the fixation or loss of a neutral allele can be described by one-locus
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62:from other loci. As well as reducing neutral
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98:of deleterious mutations, and h is the
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141:Implications for asexual populations
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373:Molecular Biology and Evolution
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190:Genome Biology and Evolution
78:The degree to which neutral
74:Effect on neutral diversity
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84:effective population size
145:Background selection in
118:between local rates of
385:10.1093/molbev/msab050
40:linkage disequilibrium
22:describes the loss of
96:selection coefficient
80:nucleotide diversity
68:fixation probability
64:nucleotide diversity
38:with which it is in
34:against deleterious
20:Background selection
343:10.7554/eLife.36317
295:2016MolEc..25..135E
202:10.1093/gbe/evae050
147:asexual populations
135:demographic history
128:genetic hitchhiking
32:negative selection
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283:Molecular Ecology
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