691:
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1565:, the Magnificent. That was the only major project during 400 years of Ottoman Rule. Later governors brought further modifications to the original Crusader structure used as garrison center and prison. Khan al-Saboun (originally a military barrack) was constructed in the center of the city to control any uprising. Ottoman Tripoli also witnessed the development of the southern entrance of the city and many buildings, such as the al-Muallaq or "hanging" Mosque (1559), al-Tahhan Mosque (early 17th century), and al-Tawbah mosque (Mamluk construction, destroyed by 1612 flood and restored during early Ottoman Period). It also included several secular buildings, such as Khan al-Saboun (early 17th century) and Hammam al-Jadid (1740).
1500:
74:
1237:
1858:) with mild wet winters and very dry, hot summers. Temperatures are moderated throughout the year due to the warm Mediterranean current coming from Western Europe. Therefore, temperatures are warmer in the winter by around 10 °C (18 °F) and cooler in the summer by around 7 °C (13 °F) compared to the interior of Lebanon. Although snow is an extremely rare event that only occurs around once every ten years, hail is common and occurs fairly regularly in the winter. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter months, with the summer typically being very dry.
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2735:"More recent years have seen the fairground undermined by a mixture of periodic instability and nonsensical administrative procedures that make it virtually impossible to put the facility to use. If the city needed any more physical metaphors for decay, the fairground is flanked by a Quality Inn that is literally falling apart, and whose ownership is years overdue on payment to the site’s administrators."
1090:
1587:, whose borders forcibly separated Tripoli from Syria, a decision that was contested by Tripolitans. Tripoli's population - mostly Sunni Muslims - found itself isolated in this state dominated by Christians, and so Tripoli developed a strong identity as a bastion for Muslim Arab nationalism and anti-imperialism. During this period, protests demanding reunification with Syria were backed by the
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1373:, the Islamic schools. It is the madrassas which most attract attention, for they include highly original structures as well as decoration: here a honeycombed ceiling, there a curiously shaped corniche, doorway or moulded window frame. Among the finest is the madrassa al-Burtasiyah, with an elegant façade picked out in black and white stones and a highly decorated lintel over the main door.
317:
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1469:), and two mosques that were built on empty land (al-Burtasi and al-Uwaysiyat). Other mosques incorporated earlier structures (churches, khans, and shops). Mamluk Tripoli also included 16 madrasas of which four no longer exist (al-Zurayqiyat, al-Aattar, al-Rifaiyah, and al-Umariyat). Six of the madrasas concentrated around the Grand Mosque. Tripoli also included a
2463:, or the Rabbits' Island, is the largest of the islands with an area of 20 ha (49 acres). The name "Araneb" or Rabbits comes from the great numbers of rabbits that were grown on the island during the time of the French mandate early in the 20th century. It is now a nature reserve for green turtles, rare birds and rabbits. Declared as a protected area by
790:
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1550:. Until 1612, Tripoli was considered as the port of Aleppo. It also depended on Syrian interior trade and tax collection from mountainous hinterland. Tripoli witnessed a strong presence of French merchants during the 17th and 18th centuries and became under intense inter-European competition for trade. Tripoli was reduced to a sanjak centre in the
2820:
2573:
1361:. During the period the castle of Saint-Gilles was expanded as the Citadel of Mamluk Tripoli. The "Aqueduct of the Prince" was reused to bring water from the Rash'in spring. Several bridges were constructed and the surrounding orchards expanded through marsh drainage. Fresh water was supplied to houses from their roofs.
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in 1992, camping, fire building or other depredation is forbidden. In addition to its scenic landscape, the Palm Island is also a cultural heritage site. Evidence for human occupation, dated back to the
Crusader period, was uncovered during 1973 excavations by the General Directorate of Antiquities.
1364:
The urban form of Mamluk
Tripoli was dictated mainly by climate, site configuration, defense, and urban aesthetics. The layout of major thoroughfares was set according to prevailing winds and topography. The city had no fortifications, but heavy building construction characterized by compact urban
3011:
Recently, a
Tripoli development plan called "Tripoli Vision 2020" has been formulated and supported by a number of advisory councils including influential key government officials and prominent businessmen in the city. The goal of the project is to provides a comprehensive framework consisting of
506:
With the formation of
Lebanon and the 1948 breakup of the Syrian–Lebanese customs union, Tripoli, once on par in economic and commercial importance to Beirut, was cut off from its traditional trade relations with the Syrian hinterland and therefore declined in relative prosperity. The city faces
3003:
Tripoli, while once economically comparable to Beirut, has declined in recent decades. Organizations such as the
Business Incubation Association in Tripoli (BIAT) are currently trying to revive traditional export businesses such as furniture production, artisanal copper goods, soaps, as well as
2994:
Tripoli stands out as one of
Lebanon's economically poorest cities, marked by a substantial divide between the affluent and poor residents. The city grapples with elevated unemployment rates, and certain impoverished neighborhoods have become strongholds for Islamist and other radical factions.
2610:
When
Tripoli was visited by Ibn Batutah in 1355, he described the newly founded Mamluk city. "Traversed by water-channels and full of’ gardens", he writes, "the houses are newly built. The sea lies two leagues distant, and the ruins of the old town are seen on the sea-shore. It was taken by the
1389:
technique of alternating light and dark stone courses). Bearing walls were used as vertical supports. Cross vaults covered most spaces from prayer halls to closed rectangular rooms, to galleries around courtyards. Domes were constructed over conspicuous and important spaces like tomb chambers,
1599:
Since
Lebanese independence was achieved, Tripoli has been mired in a period of extended economic and political decline. Beirut's rise as Lebanon's dominant port deprived Tripoli of its former preeminence as a trade hub, and globalization eroded the city's ability to compete in manufacturing.
2730:
who was commissioned for the project in 1962. The site was built for a World's Fair event to be held in the city, but construction was halted in 1975 due to the outbreak of the
Lebanese civil war, and never resumed. The site contains 15 semi-completed Niemeyer buildings within an approximate
1317:
Tripoli became a major trading port of Syria supplying Europe with candy, loaf and powdered sugar (especially during the latter part of the 14th century). The main products from agriculture and small industry included citrus fruits, olive oil, soap, and textiles (cotton and silk, especially
1329:
formed the ruling class holding main political, military and administrative functions. Arabs formed the population base (religious, industrial, and commercial functions) and the general population included the original inhabitants of the city, immigrants from different parts of the Levant,
1368:
The religious and secular buildings of Mamluk
Tripoli comprise a fine example of the architecture of that time. The oldest among them were built with stones taken from 12th and 13th-century churches; the characteristics of the architecture of the period are best seen in the mosques and
3007:
The Tripoli Special Economic Zone (TSEZ) was established in 2008 to provide exemptions from many taxes and duties for investment projects that have more than $ 300,000 of capital and more than half their workers from Lebanon. It is a 55-hectare site adjacent to the Port of Tripoli.
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About 35 monuments from the Mamluk city have survived to the present day, including mosques, madrasas, khanqahs, hammams, and caravanserais, many of them built by local Mamluk amirs. Major buildings in Mamluk Tripoli included six congregational mosques (the Mansouri Great Mosque,
687:) which is used to indicate the diffusion of a scent or smell. Tripoli was once known for its vast orange orchards. During the season of blooming, the pollen of orange flowers was said to be carried on the air, creating a splendid perfume that filled the city and suburbs.
3496:
A Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine: Including an Account of the Geography, History, Antiquities, and Inhabitants of These Countries, the Peninsula of Sinai, Edom, and the Syrian Desert; with Detailed Descriptions of Jerusalem, Petra, Damascus, and
1384:
Public buildings in Mamluk Tripoli were emphasized through sitting, façade treatment, and street alignment. Well-cut and well-dressed stones (local sandstone) were used as media of construction and for decorative effects on elevations and around openings (the
1457:(r. 1290–93) founded the city's first congregational mosque in memory of his father (Qalawun), in either late 1293 or 1294 (693 AH). Six madrasas were later built around the mosque. The Mamluks did not fortify the city with walls but restored and reused a
690:
3510:
Tripoli, according to ancient writers (Diodorus Siculus, Pliny, and Strabo), originally consisted of three quarters, a stadium distant from each other, and founded respectively by colonies from Aradus, Sidon, and Tyre – hence its name, "the Triple
73:
2468:
The Bakar Islands, also known as Abdulwahab Island, were leased to Adel and Khiereddine Abdulwahab as a shipyard, since the Ottoman rule and until this day a ship and marine contractor. It was also known as St Thomas Island during the Crusades.
1409:
wall, and floor on the inside. Decorations at the time may be subdivided into structural decoration (found outside the buildings and incorporate the medium of construction itself such as ablaq walls, plain or zigzag moldings, fish scale motifs,
1394:, and covered courtyards. Typical construction details in Mamluk Tripoli included cross vaults with concave grooves meeting in octagonal openings or concave rosettes as well as simple cupolas or ribbed domes. The use of double drums and corner
2545:, who dominated the city in 1102 and commanded a fortress to be built in which he named Mont Pèlerin (Mount Pilgrim). The original castle was burnt down in 1289, and rebuilt again on numerous occasions and was rebuilt in 1307–08 by Emir
1365:
forms, narrow and winding streets for difficult city penetration. Residential areas were bridged over streets at strategic points for surveillance and defense. The city also included many loopholes and narrow slits at street junctions.
3024:
Tripoli embodies Lebanon's extreme wealth inequality: Although it is one of the country's most concentrated centers of poverty, it is also the hometown of several extravagantly wealthy politicians, notably including Najib Mikati,
1178:) into a built-up suburb including the main religious monuments of the city such as: The "Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Pilgrim's Mountain" (incorporating the Shiite shrine), the Church of Saint Mary of the Tower, and the
884:
civilization in Tripoli before the 8th (or sometimes 4th) century BCE. Others argue that the north–south gradient of Phoenician port establishments on the Lebanese coast indicates an earlier age for the Phoenician Tripoli.
2827:
Tripoli is a very rich city containing many mosques that are spread all over the city. In every district of the city there is a mosque. During the Mamluk era, a lot of mosques were built and many still remain until today.
3053:
established Khan Al Saboun (the hotel of soap traders). This market was finished at the beginning of the 16th century, the last days of the Mamluk rule. The raw material used for these kinds of soap is olive oil.
1248:
from the Crusaders in 1289. The Mamluks destroyed the old city and built a new city 4 km inland from it. About 35 monuments from the Mamluk city have survived to the present day, including mosques, madrasas,
1837:, beginning in 2011, has extended into Tripoli, where local Alawites align with the Assad regime, while Lebanese Sunnis support the opposition, resulting in frequent and intense clashes between the two groups.
973:
period, Tripoli witnessed the construction of important public buildings including a municipal stadium or gymnasium due to the strategic position of the city midway on the imperial coastal highway leading from
1429:(public baths) were carefully located to serve major population concentrations: one next to the Grand Mosque, the other in the center of the commercial district, and the third in the right-bank settlement.
1639:
diplomatic intervention, Tahweed agreed to surrender their heavy weapons and Syrian troops, on 6 October, were deployed throughout the city. A further 350 people had been killed and hundreds more wounded.
1135:. Tripoli was home to a busy port and was a major center of silk weaving, with as many as 4,000 looms. Important products of the time included lemons, oranges, and sugar cane. For 180 years, during the
1627:
Red Knights as well as Syrian special forces. After a week of fighting which saw around 150 killed, 4500 wounded and 200,000 people leaving their homes, the Syrians brokered a truce which involved the
6396:
958:, Tripoli gained the right to mint its own coins (112 BCE); it was granted autonomy between 104 and 105, which it retained until 64 BCE. At the time, Tripoli was a center of shipbuilding and
6381:
3012:
promoting investment, investing, training, re-skilling, talent placement and output promotion to reinvigorate the city's economy. The Tripoli Vision 2020 was sponsored by the Prime Minister
852:
laid siege to the city at the beginning of the 12th century and were able finally to enter it in 1109. This caused extensive destruction, including the burning of Tripoli's famous library,
4877:
6351:
1353:
Mamluk Tripoli witnessed a high rate of urban growth and a fast city development (according to traveler's accounts). It also had poles of growth including the fortress, the
6366:
2726:
The International Fair of Tripoli site, formally known as the Rachid Karami International Exhibition Center, is a complex of buildings designed by the Brazilian architect
6015:
2932:
Tripoli has a large number of schools of all levels, public and private. It is also served by several universities within the city limits as well as in its metro area.
951:
Tripoli became a financial center and main port of northern Phoenicia with sea trade (East Mediterranean and the West), and caravan trade (North Syria and hinterland).
2614:
Indeed, the hammams built in Tripoli by the early Mamluk governors were splendid edifices and many of them are still present until today. Some of the more known are:
3049:
The khan, built around a square courtyard decorated with a fountain, houses soap making workshops and shops. At the end of the 15th century, the governor of Tripoli
2486:
1666:
Wartime violence and instability triggered waves of emigration and capital flight. It also left Tripoli increasingly isolated, not least due to the dismantling of
1477:) that are noted for their cupolas. Hammams were luxuriously decorated and the light streaming down from their domes enhances the inner atmosphere of the place.
2660:
1719:) vie for influence through competing networks of patronage: "No single leader has been able to assert dominance, leaving city politics to devolve into chaos."
797:
Evidence of settlement in Tripoli dates back as early as 1400 BCE. Tripoli was originally established as a Phoenician colony in the 8th century BC. There, the
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Franks, but al-Malik ath-Tháhir (Qala’un) retook it from them, and then laid the place in ruins and built the present town. There are fine baths here.’’
1693:
1631:
occupying five key positions and the removal of heavy weapons. The truce broke down on 27 September and Tahweed al-Islami positions where bombarded from
3923:
1830:
3438:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 317.
3371:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 317.
1499:
1703:
Tripoli's stagnation is attributable, in part, to the city's dysfunctional politics, in which a fragmented array of Sunni political figures (such as
1261:, many of them built by local Mamluk amirs (princes). The Mamluks did not fortify the city with walls but restored and reused Saint-Gille's citadel.
2779:
1339:
6391:
4863:
3070:
Unlike other khans built around a square courtyard, el-Khayyatin, built in the 14th century, is a 60 meter long passage with arches on each side.
3087:
1357:, and the river banks. The city had seven guard towers on the harbor site to defend the inland city, including what still stands today as the
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4682:
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3443:
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The Clock Tower is one of the most iconic monuments in Tripoli. The tower is located in Al-Tell square, and was gifted to the city by the
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who had ordered the restoration. In the early 19th century, the Citadel was extensively restored by the Ottoman Governor of Tripoli
1574:
776:
758:
1143:
was among the languages spoken in Tripoli and neighboring villages. At that time, Tripoli had a heterogeneous population including
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remains. At the Abou Halka area (at the southern entrance of Tripoli) refuges dating to the early (30,000 years old) and middle
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1418:) and applied decoration (found inside the buildings and include the use of marble marquetry, stucco, and glass mosaic).
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The helicopter landing apron (left) and the gateway arch to the open-air theatre at the Rashid Karami International Fair
1819:
1605:
388:
4395:
1350:. The population size of Mamluk Tripoli is estimated at 20,000–40,000; against 100,000 in each of Damascus and Aleppo.
503:, the port of the Tripoli District, which it is geographically conjoined with to form the greater Tripoli conurbation.
6386:
4855:
4753:
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2460:
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estimated that 58% of Tripoli's Lebanese residents lived in poverty. That already high figure preceded Lebanon's 2019
1659:
723:
484:
4752:. Istanbul: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from
2557:
4773:
1055:(644–655), the governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, settled Jews in Tripoli, fostering amicable relations with the majority
982:. In addition, Tripoli retained the same configuration of three distinct and administratively independent quarters (
6401:
2650:
1814:
constitute today less than 5 percent of the population of the city. The Christian population in the city comprises
868:
rule from 1516 to 1918, it retained its prosperity and commercial importance. Tripoli and all of Lebanon was under
856:(House of Knowledge), with its thousands of volumes. During the Crusaders' rule the city became the capital of the
1174:
During that time, Tripoli witnessed the growth of the inland settlement surrounding the "Pilgrim's Mountain" (the
892:. However, a few accidental finds are now in museums. Excavations in El Mina revealed skeletal remains of ancient
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291:
174:
28:
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Many churches in Tripoli are a reminder of the history of the city. These churches also show the diversity of
864:
and the old port part of the city was destroyed. A new inland city was then built near the old castle. During
3738:
Tripoli the Old City: Monument Survey – Mosques and Madrasas; A Sourcebook of Maps and Architectural Drawings
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Office and the Tripoli MPs Joint Office with the comprehensive study conducted by Samir Chreim of SCAS Inc.
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1811:
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1671:
1411:
1112:
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194:
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Tripoli gained in importance as a trading centre for the whole Mediterranean after it was inhabited by the
888:
Tripoli has not been extensively excavated because the ancient site lies buried beneath the modern city of
5584:
3308:
2964:
2434:
1803:
1295:
638:, meaning 'triple city', influenced by the earlier phonetically similar but etymologically unrelated name
376:
91:
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1208:
The mid-twelfth century earthquake led to the death of many Jews in Tripoli, as noted by Jewish explorer
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4905:
3273:
2858:
1588:
1354:
1225:
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83:
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An-Nouri, built 1333 by the Mamluk governor Nur El-Din, is located in the vicinity of the Grand Mosque.
4805:
2546:
1264:
During the Mamluk period, Tripoli became a central city and provincial capital of the six kingdoms in
6240:
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2587:. It was erected in 1906 to celebrate the 30th year of Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire, like the
1823:
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392:
279:
206:
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rule, Tripoli was used as a naval shipyard and the city enjoyed a period of autonomy. It came under
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87:
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The Jewish community of Tripoli traces its roots back to the seventh century, as recounted by the
355:
and the second-largest city in the country. Situated 81 km (50 mi) north of the capital
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Mosques evenly spread with major concentration of madrasas around the Mansouri Great Mosque. All
1209:
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1093:
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913:
694:
468:
79:
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Luz, Nimrod (2002). "Tripoli Reinvented: A Case of Mamluk Urbanization". In Lev, Yaacov (ed.).
1604:, from 1975 to 1990, hit Tripoli hard. On 15 September 1985 intense fighting broke out between
1376:
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rule, Tripoli became a commercial and shipbuilding center. It achieved semi-independence under
398:
The history of Tripoli dates back at least to the 14th century BCE. It was called Athar by the
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The Clock Tower underwent a renovation in 1992, and now the clock tower is again operational.
2588:
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until the French cut off their support, resulting in a massive 33 day general strike in 1936.
1551:
1527:
1245:
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1060:
1040:
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508:
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recurrent sectarian clashes, high unemployment, economic disparities, and the infiltration of
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1674:. The city, moreover, saw little of the post-war reconstruction funding that Prime Minister
1454:
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invasion in the 1070s, Tripoli served as a refuge for Jews from Palestine, as documented in
970:
600:
595:
are mentioned (14th century BCE). In an engraving concerning the invasion of Tripoli by the
520:
2556:
which can be seen today, with its massive Ottoman gateway, over which is an engraving from
1554:
in 19th century and retained her status until 1918 when it was captured by British forces.
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3030:
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Université de Technologie et de Sciences Appliquées Libano-Française (chamber of commerce)
2836:
2534:
2523:
1654:, Tripoli suffered some of the Syrians’ cruelest predations at a time when then-President
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were located in the northern part of the city for easy accessibility from roads to Syria.
1343:
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3778:(13–132 H/ 634–750 CE): Silsilat Dirasat fi Tarih AlSahel AlShami, Tripoli, 1990. Arabic.
1692:
In the years since, living conditions in Tripoli have continued to decline. In 2016, the
1401:
Decorations in Mamluk buildings concentrated on the most conspicuous areas of buildings:
701:
The city of Tripoli is also given the title of "City of Knowledge and Scholars" (Arabic:
697:
representation of the nickname of Tripoli: "Tripoli, The City of Knowledge and Scholars"
6230:
5951:
5633:
5569:
5519:
5483:
5429:
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4765:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, US: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from
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3303:
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3041:
2727:
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1523:
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853:
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35:
531:, the city was founded by combining colonies from three different Phoenician cities –
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Mahamid, Hatim (2009). "Mosques as higher educational institutions in Mamluk Syria".
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world heritage site). The state ceased to exist in 1289, when it was captured by the
1068:
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905:
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rule, the city became the center of a confederation of the Phoenician city-states of
532:
352:
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and Syrian artillery positions in the surrounding hills. On 1 October, following an
1014:; a prosperous commercial and shipbuilding center; a wealthy principality under the
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Schulze, Kirsten (October 2010). "Tripoli, Lebanon". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).
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321:
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1228:(late 13th century). The arches and courtyard date from the Mamluk period but the
1089:
4448:
3394:"Salafism in Lebanon: the significance of Fathi Yakan and Al-Jamaʿa Al-Islamiyya"
554:) apart from each other, and the combined city became known as 'Triple City', or
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798:
399:
316:
4697:
3939:
3057:
17:
6280:
5861:
5825:
5820:
5558:
5163:
5015:
3808:
The Counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the Twelfth Century: Sons of Saint-Gilles
3580:
3247:
3004:
expand new industries such as ICT offshoring and new technological invention.
1806:
population in neighborhoods such as Bab al-Tabbaneh, right next to the small
1446:
1358:
1067:(996–1021), the synagogue faced conversion into a mosque. Notably, during the
1022:
1011:
943:
909:
415:
4637:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 291–292.
4216:
3976:
3708:
The Mamluk City in the Middle East: History, Culture, and the Urban Landscape
3417:
3033:
who are accused of accumulating their wealth by embezzling government funds.
157:
144:
6290:
6174:
5982:
5977:
5967:
5876:
5774:
5753:
5604:
5564:
5509:
5289:
5117:
4975:
4945:
4910:
4576:
4492:"Lebanon's former finance minister hails special economic zone achievements"
3259:
3210:
1450:
1434:
1370:
1156:
1152:
1028:. Legally, Tripoli was part of the jurisdiction of the military province of
955:
937:
929:
893:
881:
849:
830:
623:
572:
267:
5759:
5718:
5214:
4727:
3955:"The Mamluk City in the Middle East: History, Culture, and Urban Landscape"
3467:
2970:
Notre Dame University (Barsa, in the Koura district, just outside the city)
2449:
1829:
Tripoli stands as one of Lebanon's less stable cities, marked by recurrent
1398:
was commonly used to make the transition from square rooms to round domes.
5993:
4150:"The city that didn't know where to start – Tripoli's revolving stalemate"
2819:
994:). The territory outside the city was divided between the three quarters.
6161:
6125:
5941:
5744:
5709:
5689:
5683:
5679:
5579:
5539:
5504:
5452:
5435:
5253:
5244:
5035:
5024:
4994:
4985:
4935:
4546:"Billionaires and bankrupts: Lebanon's second city highlights inequality"
4203:
4182:
4050:
3967:
3218:
2498:
1807:
1651:
1648:
1643:
The Syrian army remained in the city for almost three decades until 2005:
1273:
1182:. The state was a major base of operations for the military order of the
1029:
1007:
983:
921:
901:
3924:"Tripoli City in the East Mediterranean in the Fight of Mamluk-Crusader"
3788:
Schulze, Kirsten (October 2010). "Sidon". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).
3626:"طرابلس الفيحاء مدينة العلم والعلماء والآثار... تمتاز بقلعتها وحلوياتها"
2973:
Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon-North Lebanon Branch
6324:
6274:
6254:
6244:
6220:
6214:
6155:
6148:
6109:
6069:
6055:
6049:
5945:
5936:
5921:
5911:
5871:
5846:
5800:
5738:
5734:
5594:
5574:
5548:
5534:
5528:
5380:
5360:
5350:
5345:
5309:
5304:
5259:
5223:
5219:
5158:
5090:
5045:
4990:
4954:
4950:
4929:
4925:
3293:
3283:
3197:
2676:
1741:
1617:
1470:
1415:
1402:
1395:
1335:
1326:
1291:
1278:
1250:
1229:
1202:
1132:
1120:
1100:
1018:
991:
975:
933:
889:
845:
841:
789:
596:
500:
372:
257:
187:
4622:
2950:
Lebanese International University (Dahr el Ein, Just outside the city)
2696:
491:
because of their status as a haven for endangered loggerhead turtles (
6314:
6304:
6210:
6135:
6099:
6089:
6075:
6065:
5972:
5926:
5916:
5900:
5865:
5830:
5815:
5810:
5724:
5642:
5628:
5589:
5544:
5478:
5365:
5354:
5325:
5148:
5127:
5086:
5065:
5049:
5030:
5010:
4970:
4116:
Sunni City: Tripoli from Islamist Utopia to the Lebanese 'Revolution'
3278:
3254:
3230:
3205:
3192:
3184:
2464:
2437:(precipitation 1951-1980, precip days 1931-1964, humidity 1959-1967)
1504:
1406:
1391:
1319:
1299:
1283:
1269:
1254:
1198:
1191:
1148:
1136:
1116:
1052:
1015:
528:
407:
356:
341:
2979:
Universite Saint Espirt de Kaslik – Chekka ( Just Outside The City )
2739:
In 2023, the Rashid Karami International Fair was added to both the
2572:
2471:
The opposite of Palms Island, which is a large flat sandy beach, is
1526:
period, Tripoli became the provincial capital and chief town of the
4717:
4373:
6300:
6284:
6270:
6264:
6260:
6234:
6204:
6200:
6194:
6168:
6129:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6095:
6045:
6039:
6035:
5930:
5906:
5795:
5790:
5703:
5673:
5669:
5462:
5385:
5330:
5294:
5279:
5264:
5233:
5182:
5168:
5132:
4960:
4939:
4243:"Portrait of poverty in Lebanon as UN visits poorest place on Med"
3179:
3040:
2818:
2601:
2571:
2448:
1799:
1680:
1609:
1498:
1490:
1386:
1375:
1303:
1235:
1219:
1195:
1124:
1088:
1003:
987:
942:
814:
806:
788:
754:
with the newly created history article, this should be simplified.
540:
536:
483:. Tripoli also holds a string of four small islands offshore, the
480:
315:
4067:
Review of the Development and Change of Tripoli Bazaar in Lebanon
4009:
3849:
3367:
Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad; Najem, Tom (2021).
1678:
ushered into Lebanon, with an overwhelming focus on the capital.
6250:
6224:
6187:
6142:
5554:
5468:
5394:
5375:
5335:
5122:
4173:
Middle East International No 259, 27 September 1985, Publishers
1636:
1632:
1557:
Public works in Ottoman Tripoli included the restoration of the
1539:
1535:
1287:
1025:
897:
643:
5997:
4859:
4777:
4696:* For further readings about the Fairground of Oscar Niemeyer:
2731:
75.6 ha (187-acre) area near Tripoli's southern entrance.
1833:, notably the Sunni and Alawite populations. The impact of the
833:
city of Tripoli along with other Mediterranean coastal cities.
27:
This article is about the city in Lebanon. For other uses, see
5425:
4425:
4194:
Middle East International No 260, 11 October 1985, Publishers
3776:
Lubnan min al-fath al-islami hatta sukut al-dawla al-'umawiyya
3102:
2806:
Our Lady oof the Annunciation Melkite Greek Catholic Cathedral
2803:
St. John of the Pilgrims Mount church Maronite Catholic Church
727:
583:, possibly a Semitic cognate of the city's modern Arabic name
305:
4722:
4709:
4421:"Three sites 'in danger' added to UNESCO World Heritage List"
3754:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 49.
1647:
As a majority Sunni city with a growing strain of indigenous
559:
475:
in Lebanon. The city has the second highest concentration of
4740:
Tripoli fortress and Panorama of the city at 360 on May 2012
3740:, Beirut: American University of Beirut Publications, 1995.
1736:
1059:. However, during the persecution of dhimmis by the Shi'ite
3392:
Battat, Zach; Cohen, Ronen A.; Naor, Dan (2 January 2024).
1612:
militia which controlled the harbour and was backed by the
571:
Tripoli had a number of different names as far back as the
1461:
on the site. In addition, there were two quarter mosques (
3565:
by Peter Roop, Sam Schultz, Margaret J. Goldstein. p. 17.
872:
from 1920 until 1943 when Lebanon achieved independence.
4674:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture
4073:. Bursa Uludağ University (Master's thesis). p. 81.
4649:
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Tripoli, in Lebanon".
1810:
that is concentrated in the Jabal Mohsen neighborhood.
1010:; the second military port of the Arab Navy, following
848:
rule, when it developed into a center of learning. The
3881:
Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East
2967:(Qelhat, in the Koura district, just outside the city)
2475:. This island is largely made up of cliffs and rocks.
1700:, which has ratcheted up poverty and food insecurity.
6397:
Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller
3434:
Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).
1865:
Climate data for Tripoli, Lebanon (elevation: 6m, at
1658:
was engaged in the brutal suppression of Syria’s own
1473:, many secular buildings, five Khans, three hammams (
4664:
Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture
2935:
The universities in Tripoli and its metro area are:
1530:, encompassing the coastal territory from Byblos to
709:
5960:
5839:
5783:
5652:
5613:
5497:
5444:
5408:
5318:
5197:
5141:
5110:
5074:
4898:
4832:
4820:
3994:
Tarikh Tarablus al-siyasi wa'-hadari Aabr al-'usour
3988:
3986:
3653:"طرابلس، مدينة العلم والعلماء والإنتفاضات والثورات"
3078:Tripoli is regionally known for its Arabic sweets.
2714:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2670:
2649:
2501:
view of modern Tripoli with its distinctive skyline
916:. A sounding made in the Crusader castle uncovered
375:in Lebanon. The city is predominantly inhabited by
300:
290:
276:
266:
256:
248:
243:
235:
230:
222:
217:
205:
193:
173:
48:
4544:
3732:
3730:
3728:
908:, different types of columns, wheels, bows, and a
6382:Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon
4396:"International Fair of Tripoli by Oscar Niemeyer"
3547:History of Syria, Including Lebanon and Palestine
3523:Les peuples et les civilisations du Proche Orient
2591:in Israel and many others throughout the Empire.
1232:is believed to be an earlier Christian structure.
1405:, portals, windows, on the outside, and mihrab,
677:), which is a term derived from the Arabic verb
801:established a trading station and later, under
6352:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Lebanon
4118:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–37.
2944:The Lebanese University – North Lebanon Branch
1103:period, the city became the chief town of the
6009:
4871:
4789:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
2976:Beirut Arab University – North Lebanon Branch
2552:Later the citadel was rebuilt in part by the
2522:is also known as the Castle of Saint-Gilles (
962:timber trade (like other Phoenician cities).
8:
2797:St. Georges Melkite Greek Catholic Cathedral
2642:
1727:
682:
672:
351:) is the largest and most important city in
53:
3137:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
880:Many historians reject the presence of any
793:Overview of historical districts in Tripoli
455:
430:
6016:
6002:
5994:
4878:
4864:
4856:
4796:
4782:
4774:
4671:Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009).
4312:"Klimatafel von Tripoli el-Mina / Libanon"
3906:
2800:Saint Hokekalousd Armenian Orthodox Church
2641:
1861:
1726:
1338:'s army during the liberation of Tripoli,
904:, part of the ancient southern port quay,
45:
6367:Populated places in the North Governorate
3966:
3835:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World
3791:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World
3493:John Murray (Firm); Porter, J.L. (1868).
3157:Learn how and when to remove this message
2635:Oscar Niemeyer's Rachid Karame Fairground
1694:United Nation's Human Settlements Program
777:Learn how and when to remove this message
418:, Tripoli has been historically known as
4577:"Tripoli-Lebanon.com Tourism-Khans Page"
4267:Parreira, Christiana (23 October 2019).
3736:Saliba, R., Jeblawi, S., and Ajami, G.,
3056:
2770:in Lebanon and particularly in Tripoli:
2634:
1831:sectarian tensions among its communities
1414:lintels or voussoirs, inscriptions, and
689:
410:settlers, whence the modern Arabic name
3603:"President's Message – City University"
3575:Ghazi Omar Tadmouri (30 October 2009).
3325:
1623:’s militia. The ADP were backed by the
630:was used to refer to Tripoli. When the
299:
289:
265:
255:
242:
229:
216:
172:
137:
106:
98:
70:
3577:"Names of Tripoli through the history"
3429:
3427:
1583:, the French created the territory of
1276:. The kingdom was subdivided into six
711:Ṭarābulus madīnat al-ʿilm wa-l-ʿulamāʾ
439:Tripoli'), to distinguish it from
4557:from the original on 10 December 2022
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4032:
4030:
3953:Demir, Beyza Topuz (1 January 2020).
3902:
3900:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
2713:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2669:
587:, was mentioned, and in other places
275:
247:
239:27.39 km (10.58 sq mi)
234:
221:
204:
192:
7:
4651:Historic Cities of the Islamic World
3805:Lewis, Kevin James (21 April 2017).
3135:adding citations to reliable sources
2947:Universite St Joseph – North Lebanon
998:Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid periods
6372:Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon
6362:Populated coastal places in Lebanon
4217:"Tripoli City Profile | UN-Habitat"
3088:Oil pollution from ships in Tripoli
3066:Khan el-Khayyatin–the Tailors' Khan
2527:
2459:Tripoli has many offshore islands.
702:
683:
673:
634:settled in the city they called it
450:
425:
336:
54:
6377:Shia Muslim communities in Lebanon
4750:Islamic Cultural Heritage Database
4596:Published in the 19th–20th century
4394:McManus, Manus (3 November 2016).
3535:Wanderings −2: History of the Jews
43:City in North Governorate, Lebanon
25:
4543:Cornish, Chloe (5 October 2020).
4085:"Qantara – Madrasa al-Qartâwîyya"
3466:Gary C. Gambill (December 2004).
1575:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
1186:, who occupied the famous castle
1131:. Tripoli was also the seat of a
463:Landmarks of Tripoli include the
4886:
4804:
4666:. Oxford University Press. 2009.
3678:Abdo, Ibrahim (23 August 2022).
3436:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
3369:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3178:
3107:
3045:The Soap Khan of Tripoli Lebanon
2831:Some of the more known mosques:
2809:Then National Evangelical Church
2794:St Francis Roman Catholic Church
2745:List of World Heritage in Danger
2659:
2485:
1852:hot-summer Mediterranean climate
1822:and Greek Catholics, along with
1511:(1270–1300), and Tripoli silver
838:conquered by an Arab Muslim army
732:
667:Once, Tripoli was also known as
511:groups in poorer neighborhoods.
460:'Tripoli of the West').
367:. Tripoli overlooks the eastern
180:
119:
112:
72:
5520:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)
4374:"International Fair of Tripoli"
4148:Simon, Alex (30 January 2017).
4114:Gade, Tina (24 November 2022).
3750:William Harris (19 July 2012).
3680:"طرابلس، مدينة العلم والعلماء!"
3099:Twin towns – Sister cities
2461:The Palm Islands Nature Reserve
1581:partition of the Ottoman Empire
1534:and the inland Syrian towns of
1282:or provinces and extended from
1006:. Tripoli was the port city of
519:According to classical writers
120:
6392:Tourist attractions in Lebanon
4892:Phoenician cities and colonies
3711:. Cambridge University Press.
3579:. Tripoli City. Archived from
2956:(changed to "City University")
2954:Al-Manar University of Tripoli
2784:St. Elie Greek Orthodox Church
2606:Hammam an-Nuri Tripoli Lebanon
662:Libyan city with the same name
499:. Tripoli borders the city of
379:, with smaller populations of
102:City of Knowledge and Scholars
1:
4643:Published in the 21st century
4498:. 5 July 2018. Archived from
4471:Tripoli Special Economic Zone
3705:Luz, Nimrod (28 April 2014).
3410:10.1080/00263206.2023.2172405
2940:University of Tripoli Lebanon
2780:Maronite Catholic Archeparchy
1542:; the two other eyalets were
1268:. Tripoli ranked third after
660:, to distinguish it from the
548:
543:. These colonies were each a
371:, and it is the northernmost
4323:German Meteorological Office
4301:. Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2008
4287:Return of the Pink Panthers?
3752:Lebanon: A History, 600–2011
3468:"Islamist Groups in Lebanon"
2924:is located within the city.
1346:families, and a minority of
603:(888–859 BCE), it is called
4710:Official website of Tripoli
4677:. Oxford University Press.
4514:"Robert Fadel – روبير فاضل"
4010:"Jami' al-Mansuri al-Kabir"
3959:İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi
3850:"Jami' al-Mansuri al-Kabir"
2643:Rachid Karami International
2454:Palm Islands Nature Reserve
2338:Average precipitation days
2128:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1988:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1670:and the abandonment of the
1340:Eastern Orthodox Christians
1240:Downtown historical Tripoli
1123:and including the plain of
752:. The specific problem is:
724:History of Tripoli, Lebanon
710:
703:طرابلس مدينة العلم والعلماء
445:
420:
359:, it is the capital of the
347:
6423:
5872:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
4269:"The art of not governing"
4247:Thomson Reuters Foundation
4039:Journal of Islamic Studies
3940:10.26650/iuturkiyat.793525
3474:. Vol. 11, no. 4
2863:Omar Ibn El-Khattab Mosque
2754:
2652:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2639:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2511:
2432:
1864:
1808:Lebanese-Alawite community
1572:
1484:
1082:
1047:. During the caliphate of
860:. In 1289, it fell to the
829:and tsunami destroyed the
721:
560:
33:
26:
6031:
5625:Portus Magonis (Portimão)
5189:Strato's Tower (Caesarea)
3883:. Brill. pp. 53–71.
3838:. Brill Reference Online.
3794:. Brill Reference Online.
2658:
2384:
2337:
2267:
2197:
2127:
2057:
1987:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1816:Greek Orthodox Christians
1791:
1754:—
138:
107:
99:
78:Clockwise from top left:
71:
62:
5371:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)
3811:. Taylor & Francis.
2558:Süleyman the Magnificent
1298:north. It also included
1246:Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun
1244:Tripoli was captured by
825:rule around 64 BCE. The
487:, which were declared a
34:Not to be confused with
29:Tripoli (disambiguation)
6025:Arab Capital of Culture
4634:Encyclopædia Britannica
4624:"Tripoli (Syria)"
4581:www.tripoli-lebanon.com
4449:"Projects :: BIAT"
4064:Mohamad, Danah (2020).
3624:admin (14 March 2015).
3537:by Chaim Potok. p. 169.
3525:by Jawād Būlus. p. 308.
3094:International relations
2855:Mahmoud Beik the Sanjak
2757:Tripoli railway station
2751:Tripoli Railway Station
2576:The Al-Tell Clock Tower
2543:Raymond de Saint-Gilles
1798:Tripoli has a majority
1687:Tripoli railway station
1672:Tripoli railway station
1113:Raymond of Saint-Gilles
495:), rare monk seals and
471:, which is the largest
3907:Bloom & Blair 2009
3398:Middle Eastern Studies
3309:Raymond IV of Toulouse
3062:
3046:
2965:University of Balamand
2824:
2791:Syriac Orthodox Church
2737:
2607:
2577:
2538:
2456:
2435:Deutscher Wetterdienst
1689:
1668:Lebanon's rail network
1664:
1519:
1496:
1381:
1296:al Alawiyyin mountains
1241:
1233:
1096:
948:
794:
698:
441:its Libyan counterpart
325:
5215:Cape Melqart (Cefalù)
4619:Hogarth, David George
3922:Altan, Çetin (2021).
3334:"طَرَابُلُس: Lebanon"
3274:2019 Tripoli shooting
3060:
3044:
2859:Mansouri Great Mosque
2822:
2733:
2605:
2575:
2452:
1728:Historical population
1684:
1645:
1621:Arab Democratic Party
1502:
1494:
1379:
1239:
1226:Mansouri Great Mosque
1223:
1092:
946:
827:551 Beirut earthquake
792:
693:
465:Mansouri Great Mosque
319:
278: • Summer (
158:34.43667°N 35.83444°E
84:Mansouri Great Mosque
6407:Ottoman clock towers
6060:United Arab Emirates
5892:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)
5730:Carthage (Cartagena)
5118:Callista (Santorini)
5056:Tipasa in Mauretania
5016:Rusippisir (Taksebt)
4611:The Modern Traveller
3968:10.26570/isad.650332
3928:Journal of Turkology
3131:improve this section
3082:Environmental issues
2841:Abou Bakr Al Siddeeq
2539:Château Saint-Gilles
1918:Record high °C (°F)
1589:Syrian National Bloc
1290:mountains south, to
912:from the end of the
759:improve this section
748:to meet Knowledge's
6357:Phoenician colonies
5629:Olissipona (Lisbon)
4769:on 24 October 2012.
4728:Tripoli-Lebanon.com
4723:tripoli-lebanon.org
4524:on 17 November 2015
4518:www.robertfadel.com
4354:on 12 November 2020
4348:Tripoli-Lebanon.com
4089:www.qantara-med.org
3563:Lebanon in Pictures
3299:Krak des Chevaliers
3065:
2922:Al-Ghuraba cemetery
2909:Al-Uwaysiyat Mosque
2902:Zafer Bellah Mosque
2741:World Heritage List
2646:
2562:Mustafa Agha Barbar
2541:), in reference to
2198:Record low °C (°F)
2058:Daily mean °C (°F)
1729:
1685:Rusted cars at the
1602:Lebanon's civil war
1595:Independent Lebanon
1312:Krak des Chevaliers
1188:Krak Des Chevaliers
1184:Knights Hospitaller
1129:Krak des Chevaliers
695:Arabic calligraphic
477:Mamluk architecture
154: /
88:Mamluk architecture
6387:Tourism in Lebanon
6295:State of Palestine
6182:State of Palestine
5801:Balanaea (Baniyas)
5031:Rusuccuru (Dellys)
4833:Towns and villages
4733:2009-09-13 at the
4718:Tripoli on Twitter
4613:, London: J.Duncan
4293:2012-02-19 at the
4051:10.1093/jis/etp002
3992:Tadmouri, O. AS.,
3774:Tadmouri, O. AS.,
3551:Philip Khuri Hitti
3338:Geographical Names
3063:
3047:
2896:Al Ghandour Mosque
2825:
2608:
2578:
2520:Citadel of Tripoli
2514:Citadel of Tripoli
2508:Citadel of Tripoli
2457:
1690:
1660:Muslim Brotherhood
1559:Citadel of Tripoli
1520:
1497:
1382:
1257:(bathhouses), and
1242:
1234:
1210:Benjamin of Tudela
1176:Citadel of Tripoli
1097:
1094:Citadel of Tripoli
949:
914:Hellenistic period
795:
699:
469:Citadel of Tripoli
446:Ṭarābulus al-Gharb
421:Ṭarābulus ash-Shām
326:
249: • Total
236: • Total
226:Ahmed Qamar Al-Din
223: • Mayor
163:34.43667; 35.83444
100:Nickname(s):
90:, bay view, and a
80:Citadel of Tripoli
6402:Phoenician cities
6334:
6333:
5991:
5990:
5621:Portus Hannibalis
5510:Arambys (Mogador)
5395:Ushu (Palaetyrus)
5376:Porphyreon (Jieh)
5245:Kapara (Soluntum)
5061:Tipasa in Numidia
5011:Rusicade (Skikda)
4853:
4852:
4814:North Governorate
4756:on 15 April 2013.
4684:978-0-19-530991-1
4655:Koninklijke Brill
4429:. 25 January 2023
4344:"Hammam Al-Nouri"
4200:Dennis Walters MP
4179:Dennis Walters MP
3996:, Tripoli, 1984.
3818:978-1-317-05260-9
3718:978-1-107-04884-3
3583:on 8 October 2014
3445:978-1-5381-2043-9
3378:978-1-5381-2043-9
3289:County of Tripoli
3167:
3166:
3159:
3061:The Tailors’ Khan
3051:Yusuf Sayfa Pasha
2848:Al-Burtasi Mosque
2778:Cathedral of the
2724:
2723:
2589:Jaffa Clock Tower
2441:
2440:
2387:relative humidity
1796:
1795:
1606:Tawheed al-Islami
1552:Vilayet of Beirut
1528:Eyalet of Tripoli
1453:Mosques). Sultan
1145:Western Europeans
1115:) extending from
1105:County of Tripoli
1085:County of Tripoli
924:, in addition to
858:County of Tripoli
787:
786:
779:
750:quality standards
741:This section may
708:
459:
434:
369:Mediterranean Sea
361:North Governorate
314:
313:
200:North Governorate
16:(Redirected from
6414:
6347:Tripoli, Lebanon
6018:
6011:
6004:
5995:
5760:Tagilit (Tíjola)
5535:Shalat (Chellah)
5505:Azama (Azemmour)
4890:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4857:
4810:Tripoli District
4808:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4775:
4770:
4757:
4714:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4667:
4658:
4638:
4626:
4614:
4585:
4584:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4548:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4520:. Archived from
4510:
4504:
4503:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4350:. Archived from
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4316:
4308:
4302:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4213:
4207:
4192:
4186:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4145:
4130:
4129:
4111:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3919:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3876:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3785:
3779:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3747:
3741:
3734:
3723:
3722:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3463:
3450:
3449:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3364:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3330:
3314:Siege of Tripoli
3258:
3257:
3246:
3245:
3236:Toulouse, France
3234:
3233:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3162:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3111:
3103:
2960:Jinan University
2905:Al Wafaa’ Mosque
2884:Al Bachir Mosque
2867:Sidi Abdel Wahed
2688:Cultural: ii, iv
2663:
2653:
2647:
2547:Essendemir Kurgi
2529:
2489:
2445:Offshore islands
2341:
1862:
1835:Syrian civil war
1743:
1738:
1730:
1698:financial crisis
1459:Crusader citadel
1455:al-Ashraf Khalil
1334:who accompanied
1180:Carmelite Church
1127:with the famous
947:Ruins in Tripoli
940:were uncovered.
782:
775:
771:
768:
762:
736:
735:
728:
713:
707:romanized:
706:
704:
686:
685:
676:
675:
652:Ṭarābulus al-Šām
601:Ashurnasirpal II
563:
562:
553:
550:
521:Diodorus Siculus
509:radical Islamist
457:
454:
452:
448:
432:
429:
427:
423:
414:derives. In the
365:Tripoli District
353:northern Lebanon
350:
345:
338:
310:
307:
283:
212:Tripoli District
186:
184:
183:
169:
168:
166:
165:
164:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
123:
122:
116:
76:
57:
56:
46:
21:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6027:
6022:
5992:
5987:
5956:
5847:Aspis (Kelibia)
5835:
5779:
5648:
5634:Ossonoba (Faro)
5609:
5493:
5440:
5404:
5341:Athar (Tripoli)
5314:
5193:
5137:
5106:
5070:
4946:Iol (Cherchell)
4894:
4884:
4854:
4849:
4828:
4816:
4802:
4760:
4744:
4735:Wayback Machine
4712:
4706:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4670:
4661:
4648:
4617:
4601:
4593:
4591:Further reading
4588:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4551:Financial Times
4542:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4525:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4502:on 4 July 2018.
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4430:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4327:
4325:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4299:Mideast Monitor
4295:Wayback Machine
4285:Riad Yazbeck. "
4284:
4280:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4241:Gebeily, Maya.
4240:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4193:
4189:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4147:
4146:
4133:
4126:
4113:
4112:
4103:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3984:
3961:(43): 198–203.
3952:
3951:
3947:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3878:
3877:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3719:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3651:اللواء, جريدة.
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3465:
3464:
3453:
3446:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3366:
3365:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3269:
3252:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3203:
3190:
3177:
3163:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3128:
3112:
3101:
3096:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3039:
3031:Mohammad Safadi
3022:
3001:
2992:
2930:
2918:
2914:Mu'allaq Mosque
2899:Al Shokr Mosque
2893:Al Salam Mosque
2890:Al Rahma Mosque
2837:Al-Attar Mosque
2817:
2812:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2666:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2600:
2570:
2516:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2447:
2442:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1848:
1843:
1725:
1597:
1585:Greater Lebanon
1577:
1571:
1495:Tripoli in 1690
1489:
1483:
1302:, the plain of
1218:
1087:
1081:
1079:Crusader period
1043:-era historian
1000:
918:Late Bronze Age
878:
840:in 635. During
783:
772:
766:
763:
756:
737:
733:
726:
720:
551:
525:Pliny the Elder
517:
497:migratory birds
493:Caretta caretta
473:crusader castle
340:
306:tripoli-lebanon
304:
277:
181:
179:
162:
160:
156:
153:
148:
145:
143:
141:
140:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
124:
103:
95:
92:Syriac Catholic
67:
58:
51:
44:
39:
32:
23:
22:
18:Bab al-Tabbaneh
15:
12:
11:
5:
6420:
6418:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6339:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6318:
6308:
6298:
6288:
6278:
6268:
6258:
6248:
6238:
6228:
6218:
6208:
6198:
6185:
6172:
6159:
6146:
6133:
6123:
6113:
6103:
6093:
6083:
6073:
6063:
6053:
6043:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5998:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5939:
5934:
5924:
5919:
5917:Sicca (El Kef)
5914:
5909:
5904:
5894:
5889:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5747:
5742:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5712:
5707:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5677:
5667:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5552:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5484:Ras il-Wardija
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5456:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5423:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5366:Gebal (Byblos)
5363:
5361:Botrys (Teros)
5358:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5247:
5242:
5240:Heraclea Minoa
5237:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5043:
5033:
5028:
5018:
5013:
5008:
4998:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4971:Kissi (Djinet)
4968:
4958:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4758:
4742:
4737:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4705:
4704:External links
4702:
4701:
4700:
4683:
4668:
4659:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4629:Chisholm, Hugh
4615:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4568:
4535:
4505:
4483:
4458:
4453:biatcenter.org
4440:
4412:
4386:
4365:
4335:
4303:
4278:
4259:
4233:
4208:
4187:
4166:
4154:synaps.network
4131:
4124:
4101:
4076:
4056:
4045:(2): 188–212.
4026:
4001:
3982:
3945:
3934:(1): 185–197.
3914:
3896:
3889:
3866:
3841:
3824:
3817:
3797:
3780:
3767:
3760:
3742:
3724:
3717:
3697:
3670:
3643:
3616:
3594:
3567:
3555:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3485:
3451:
3444:
3423:
3404:(1): 126–138.
3384:
3377:
3350:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Market (place)
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3224:Faro, Portugal
3214:
3201:
3188:
3165:
3164:
3115:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3038:
3035:
3021:
3018:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:Azm university
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2833:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2772:
2763:
2760:
2755:Main article:
2752:
2749:
2728:Oscar Niemeyer
2722:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2599:
2596:
2585:Abdul Hamid II
2582:Ottoman Sultan
2569:
2566:
2554:Ottoman Empire
2531:Qalʻat Sān Jīl
2512:Main article:
2509:
2506:
2496:
2492:
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2159:
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2064:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2049:
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2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
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1934:
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1911:
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1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1850:Tripoli has a
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:
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1756:
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1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1656:Hafez al-Assad
1596:
1593:
1573:Main article:
1570:
1569:French Mandate
1567:
1517:British Museum
1487:Tripoli Eyalet
1485:Main article:
1482:
1481:Ottoman period
1479:
1332:North Africans
1217:
1214:
1109:Crusader state
1083:Main article:
1080:
1077:
999:
996:
906:grinding mills
877:
876:Ancient period
874:
870:French mandate
817:Island. Under
785:
784:
740:
738:
731:
722:Main article:
719:
716:
654:(referring to
632:Ancient Greeks
577:Amarna letters
516:
513:
489:protected area
395:among others.
312:
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36:Tripoli, Libya
24:
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5809:
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5796:Marat (Amrit)
5794:
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5690:Gadir (Cadiz)
5688:
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5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
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5515:Caricus Murus
5513:
5511:
5508:
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5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5469:Gaulos (Gozo)
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
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5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5310:Ṣiṣ (Palermo)
5308:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
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4807:
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4780:
4779:
4776:
4768:
4764:
4761:ArchNet.org.
4759:
4755:
4751:
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4608:
4604:
4603:Josiah Conder
4600:
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4397:
4390:
4387:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4324:
4321:(in German).
4320:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4260:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4234:
4222:
4221:unhabitat.org
4218:
4212:
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4176:
4170:
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4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4125:9781009222754
4121:
4117:
4110:
4108:
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4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4069:
4068:
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4015:
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3995:
3989:
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3918:
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3897:
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3814:
3810:
3809:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3761:9780195181111
3757:
3753:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3733:
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3725:
3720:
3714:
3710:
3709:
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3685:
3681:
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3671:
3658:
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3647:
3644:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3617:
3605:. 24 May 2021
3604:
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3571:
3568:
3564:
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3556:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3540:
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3531:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3500:. p. 549
3499:
3498:
3489:
3486:
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3469:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3441:
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3415:
3411:
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3403:
3399:
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3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3161:
3158:
3150:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3116:This section
3114:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3079:
3074:Arabic sweets
3073:
3071:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3043:
3037:The Soap Khan
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
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2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:Taynal Mosque
2878:
2876:Tawjih Mosque
2875:
2873:
2872:Tawbah Mosque
2870:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2852:Kabir al Aali
2851:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2823:Taynal Mosque
2821:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:Saint Michael
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2758:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2695:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
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2615:
2612:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2473:Ramkin Island
2469:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2376:
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2370:
2367:
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2355:
2352:
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2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2270:precipitation
2266:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:Faisal Karami
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1644:
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1638:
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1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Aleppo Eyalet
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1515:(1275–1287),
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:Tripoli gold
1501:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:Turkish baths
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:Hosn al-Akrad
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1259:caravanserais
1256:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1216:Mamluk period
1215:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
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1154:
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1130:
1126:
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1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:Sunni Muslims
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
997:
995:
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989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
952:
945:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
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911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
791:
781:
778:
770:
760:
755:
751:
747:
746:
739:
730:
729:
725:
717:
715:
712:
696:
692:
688:
680:
670:
665:
663:
659:
658:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
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598:
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582:
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569:
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522:
514:
512:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
451:طرابلس الغرب
447:
442:
438:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:Sunni Muslims
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
343:
334:
330:
323:
318:
309:
303:
295:
293:
285:
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271:
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261:
259:
251:
238:
225:
213:
210:
208:
201:
198:
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189:
178:
176:
167:
139:Coordinates:
115:
93:
89:
85:
81:
75:
66:
61:
47:
41:
37:
30:
19:
6320:
6080:Saudi Arabia
5600:Thymiaterium
5474:Għajn Qajjet
5340:
5299:Sant'Antioco
4921:Hippo Regius
4825:
4767:the original
4754:the original
4749:
4688:. Retrieved
4673:
4663:
4650:
4632:
4610:
4580:
4571:
4559:. Retrieved
4550:
4538:
4526:. Retrieved
4522:the original
4517:
4508:
4500:the original
4495:
4486:
4474:. Retrieved
4470:
4461:
4452:
4443:
4431:. Retrieved
4424:
4415:
4403:. Retrieved
4399:
4389:
4377:. Retrieved
4368:
4356:. Retrieved
4352:the original
4347:
4338:
4326:. Retrieved
4318:
4306:
4298:
4281:
4272:
4262:
4250:. Retrieved
4246:
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4220:
4211:
4190:
4169:
4157:. Retrieved
4153:
4115:
4092:. Retrieved
4088:
4079:
4066:
4059:
4042:
4038:
4017:. Retrieved
4013:
4004:
3993:
3958:
3948:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3910:
3880:
3857:. Retrieved
3853:
3844:
3834:
3827:
3807:
3800:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3770:
3751:
3745:
3737:
3707:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3683:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3657:جريدة اللواء
3656:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3630:القدس العربي
3629:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:the original
3570:
3562:
3558:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3522:
3518:
3509:
3502:. Retrieved
3495:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3471:
3435:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3368:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:
3328:
3168:
3153:
3144:
3129:Please help
3117:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3048:
3023:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2993:
2934:
2931:
2919:
2887:Hamza Mosque
2844:Arghoun Shah
2830:
2826:
2765:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2720:2022–present
2645:Fair-Tripoli
2613:
2609:
2593:
2579:
2551:
2530:
2528:قلعة سان جيل
2517:
2479:Architecture
2470:
2458:
2272:mm (inches)
1855:
1849:
1828:
1804:Sunni Muslim
1797:
1723:Demographics
1709:Najib Mikati
1702:
1691:
1676:Rafic Hariri
1665:
1646:
1642:
1598:
1578:
1556:
1521:
1467:Arghoun Shah
1463:Abd al-Wahed
1443:al-Uwaysiyat
1431:
1420:
1400:
1383:
1380:East Tripoli
1367:
1363:
1355:Great Mosque
1352:
1324:
1316:
1307:
1277:
1266:Mamluk Syria
1263:
1243:
1207:
1173:
1098:
1073:Cairo Geniza
1045:al-Baladhuri
1038:
1034:Jund Dimashq
1001:
964:
953:
950:
887:
879:
836:Tripoli was
835:
796:
773:
767:October 2022
764:
757:Please help
753:
742:
700:
678:
668:
666:
657:bilād al-Šām
656:
651:
647:
639:
635:
627:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:age. In the
570:
555:
552: 180 m
518:
505:
492:
485:Palm Islands
462:
426:طرابلس الشام
411:
403:
402:, and later
397:
387:, including
328:
327:
322:Nahr Abu Ali
40:
6311:Kuwait City
6241:Constantine
6086:Kuwait City
5852:Bulla Regia
5400:Umm al-Amad
5285:Pantelleria
5154:Akka (Acre)
5040:Aïn Oulmene
5021:Rusubbicari
5005:Tamentfoust
4965:Constantine
4840:Al-Qalamoun
4713:(in Arabic)
4698:ZAATAR, JOE
4662:"Tripoli".
4607:"(Tripoli)"
4561:22 November
4405:26 November
4400:e-architect
4252:22 November
4226:22 November
4196:Lord Mayhew
4175:Lord Mayhew
4159:16 November
3998:(in Arabic)
3911:Tripoli (i)
3690:20 November
3686:(in Arabic)
3663:20 November
3659:(in Arabic)
3636:20 November
3632:(in Arabic)
3609:20 November
3587:14 November
3343:13 December
3169:Tripoli is
3027:Taha Mikati
3014:Saad Hariri
2706:2022 (45th
2703:Inscription
2568:Clock Tower
1717:Ashraf Rifi
1705:Saad Hariri
1629:Syrian army
1522:During the
1111:founded by
1099:During the
965:During the
854:Dar al-'Ilm
819:Hellenistic
799:Phoenicians
761:if you can.
626:, the name
624:Phoenicians
443:, known as
400:Phoenicians
320:The walled
195:Governorate
161: /
6341:Categories
6281:Port Sudan
5862:Hadrumetum
5680:Akra Leuka
5559:Casablanca
5391:Sur (Tyre)
4653:. Leiden:
4528:16 October
4496:Xinhua Net
4467:"About us"
4358:29 January
3890:9004125434
3684:SQM Market
3321:References
3248:Miami, USA
3020:Inequality
2768:Christians
2716:Endangered
2621:Izz El-Din
2340:(≥ 0.1 mm)
1812:Christians
1616:, and the
1579:After the
1563:Suleiman I
1548:Şam Eyalet
1447:al-Burtasi
1359:Lion Tower
1161:Nestorians
1023:Banu Ammar
1012:Alexandria
954:Under the
910:necropolis
882:Phoenician
646:called it
622:Under the
573:Phoenician
416:Arab world
385:Christians
337:طَرَابُلُس
324:at Tripoli
262:Tripolitan
244:Population
218:Government
149:35°50′04″E
146:34°26′12″N
6291:Bethlehem
6175:Jerusalem
5983:Tahpanhes
5978:Gibraltar
5973:Phoenicus
5968:Myriandus
5877:Kerkouane
5754:Almunecar
5565:Volubilis
5436:Tsabratan
5290:Selinunte
5260:Lilybaeum
5027:El Bahri)
5001:Rusguniae
4976:Macomades
4911:Cartennae
4763:"Tripoli"
4746:"Tripoli"
4379:5 January
4328:27 August
3977:1301-3289
3553:. p. 225.
3504:4 October
3478:5 January
3418:0026-3206
3260:Ayia Napa
3211:Gaziantep
3147:July 2019
3118:does not
2928:Education
2693:Reference
2499:panoramic
1841:Geography
1824:Armenians
1820:Maronites
1652:militancy
1625:communist
1451:al-Tawbat
1435:al-Aattar
1396:squinches
1371:madrassas
1190:(today a
1157:Maronites
1153:Armenians
1133:bishopric
1075:records.
988:Sidonians
980:Ptolemais
971:Byzantine
956:Seleucids
938:Stone Age
930:Byzantine
850:Crusaders
831:Byzantine
669:al-Fayḥāʾ
648:Ṭarābulus
605:Mahallata
585:Ṭarābulus
579:the name
449:(Arabic:
437:Levantine
424:(Arabic:
412:Ṭarābulus
393:Armenians
389:Maronites
348:Ṭarābulus
292:Area code
268:Time zone
86:minaret,
6162:Damascus
6126:Khartoum
5942:Thysdrus
5886:Monastir
5857:Carthage
5765:Toscanos
5745:Saguntum
5735:Rushadir
5684:Alicante
5614:Portugal
5580:Oualidia
5540:Tamusida
5489:Tas-Silġ
5453:Cospicua
5451:Maleth (
5270:Neapolis
5254:Cagliari
5220:Drepanum
5179:Shikmona
5097:Lapathus
5025:Zemmouri
4995:Azeffoun
4986:Rachgoun
4936:Igilgili
4906:Camarata
4731:Archived
4690:15 March
4621:(1911).
4605:(1830),
4555:Archived
4433:26 March
4291:Archived
4206:pp.10,11
4204:Jim Muir
4183:Jim Muir
3267:See also
3262:, Cyprus
3213:, Turkey
3200:, Cyprus
2999:Commerce
2762:Churches
2743:and the
2684:Criteria
2672:Location
2433:Source:
2385:Average
2268:Average
1792:Source:
1649:Islamist
1416:muqarnas
1403:minarets
1279:wilayahs
1274:Damascus
1251:khanqahs
1196:Egyptian
1137:Frankish
1065:al-Hakim
1049:Rashidun
1030:Damascus
1008:Damascus
984:Aradians
922:Iron Age
902:gazelles
743:require
636:Trípolis
597:Assyrian
561:Τρίπολις
556:Trípolis
467:and the
404:Tripolis
381:Alawites
363:and the
207:District
6325:Lebanon
6321:Tripoli
6275:Morocco
6255:Tunisia
6245:Algeria
6231:Tripoli
6221:Baghdad
6215:Bahrain
6156:Algeria
6149:Algiers
6110:Morocco
6070:Lebanon
6056:Sharjah
6050:Tunisia
5946:El Djem
5937:Thapsus
5927:Tayinat
5922:Tabarka
5912:Ruspina
5840:Tunisia
5775:Tyreche
5739:Melilla
5700:Iboshim
5605:Rusibis
5575:Rusadir
5570:Mogador
5549:Tangier
5529:Larache
5498:Morocco
5430:Tripoli
5381:Sarepta
5346:Baalbek
5319:Lebanon
5305:Tharros
5224:Trapani
5091:Larnaca
5046:Thagora
4991:Rusazus
4955:Tigzirt
4951:Iomnium
4930:Algiers
4926:Icosium
4899:Algeria
4845:el-Mina
4826:Tripoli
4821:Capital
4631:(ed.).
4476:16 July
4094:13 June
4019:13 June
4014:Archnet
3859:14 June
3854:Archnet
3497:Palmyra
3294:El Mina
3284:Bazaari
3198:Larnaca
3187:, Italy
3171:twinned
3139:removed
3124:sources
2990:Economy
2815:Mosques
2708:Session
2677:Lebanon
2598:Hammams
2333:(33.5)
2263:(30.6)
2258:(38.1)
2253:(46.4)
2248:(52.2)
2243:(62.6)
2238:(69.1)
2233:(66.2)
2228:(60.1)
2223:(52.5)
2218:(48.6)
2213:(41.0)
2208:(37.8)
2203:(30.6)
2193:(60.9)
2188:(51.6)
2183:(59.7)
2178:(65.8)
2173:(70.7)
2168:(73.4)
2163:(71.8)
2158:(67.6)
2153:(62.8)
2148:(56.7)
2143:(52.0)
2138:(49.6)
2133:(49.1)
2123:(67.9)
2118:(58.3)
2113:(66.2)
2108:(73.0)
2103:(78.3)
2098:(80.8)
2093:(79.2)
2088:(75.2)
2083:(70.3)
2078:(63.5)
2073:(58.8)
2068:(55.9)
2063:(55.0)
2053:(74.5)
2048:(66.0)
2043:(74.8)
2038:(80.8)
2033:(85.1)
2028:(86.4)
2023:(84.7)
2018:(80.8)
2013:(76.3)
2008:(70.0)
2003:(65.5)
1998:(62.4)
1993:(61.7)
1983:(95.4)
1978:(77.7)
1973:(88.5)
1968:(88.5)
1963:(89.2)
1958:(91.8)
1953:(92.3)
1948:(95.4)
1943:(93.0)
1938:(90.0)
1933:(86.4)
1928:(72.7)
1923:(72.7)
1867:El Mina
1846:Climate
1784:282,315
1773:217,614
1762:210,574
1751:217,936
1742:±% p.a.
1637:Iranian
1618:Alawite
1524:Ottoman
1471:Khanqah
1427:Hammams
1412:joggled
1344:Western
1342:, some
1336:Qalawun
1327:Mamluks
1292:Latakia
1255:hammams
1230:minaret
1203:Qalawun
1201:sultan
1169:Muslims
1141:Occitan
1121:Latakia
1101:Crusade
1063:caliph
1061:Fatimid
1051:caliph
1041:Abbasid
1019:Ismaili
992:Tyrians
976:Antioch
934:Fatimid
890:El Mina
866:Ottoman
862:Mamluks
846:Fatimid
842:Umayyad
803:Persian
745:cleanup
718:History
674:الفيحاء
609:Mahlata
545:stadion
501:El Mina
458:
433:
406:by the
373:seaport
329:Tripoli
301:Website
258:Demonym
252:243,800
188:Lebanon
175:Country
127:Tripoli
50:Tripoli
6323:2023 (
6315:Kuwait
6313:2022 (
6305:Jordan
6303:2021 (
6293:2020 (
6283:2019 (
6273:2018 (
6263:2017 (
6253:2016 (
6243:2015 (
6233:2014 (
6223:2013 (
6213:2012 (
6211:Manama
6203:2011 (
6136:Muscat
6128:2005 (
6118:2004 (
6116:Sanaʽa
6108:2003 (
6100:Jordan
6098:2002 (
6090:Kuwait
6088:2001 (
6078:2000 (
6076:Riyadh
6068:1999 (
6066:Beirut
6058:1998 (
6048:1997 (
6038:1996 (
5901:Djerba
5897:Meninx
5882:Lepcis
5866:Sousse
5831:Ugarit
5821:Shuksi
5816:Safita
5811:Paltus
5719:Málaga
5715:Malake
5660:Abdera
5643:Tavira
5525:Likush
5479:Mtarfa
5416:Lepcis
5355:Beirut
5250:Karaly
5174:Reshef
5164:Michal
5149:Achzib
5142:Israel
5128:Rhodes
5111:Greece
5102:Marion
5087:Kition
5075:Cyprus
5066:Timici
5050:Taoura
4981:Malaca
4681:
4319:dwd.de
4273:Synaps
4185:pp.7,8
4122:
3975:
3887:
3815:
3758:
3715:
3511:City."
3442:
3416:
3375:
3279:Bazaar
3185:Naples
3173:with:
2789:Ephrem
2535:French
2524:Arabic
2465:UNESCO
2359:trace
2328:(6.9)
2323:(4.3)
2318:(2.2)
2313:(0.5)
2308:trace
2305:trace
2302:(0.0)
2297:(0.6)
2292:(2.1)
2287:(4.5)
2282:(4.7)
2277:(7.7)
1874:Month
1787:+1.75%
1776:+0.33%
1765:−0.23%
1715:, and
1546:, and
1532:Tarsus
1509:Arabic
1505:bezant
1449:, and
1439:Taynal
1407:qiblah
1392:mihrab
1320:velvet
1306:, and
1300:Hermel
1284:Byblos
1270:Aleppo
1199:Mamluk
1192:UNESCO
1167:, and
1149:Greeks
1139:rule,
1117:Byblos
1069:Seljuk
1053:Uthman
1016:Kutama
990:, and
932:, and
900:, and
894:wolves
815:Arados
813:, and
642:. The
640:Derbly
615:, and
593:Wahlia
581:Derbly
529:Strabo
527:, and
515:Names
479:after
357:Beirut
342:ALA-LC
333:Arabic
185:
94:church
55:طرابلس
6301:Irbid
6285:Sudan
6271:Oujda
6265:Egypt
6261:Luxor
6235:Libya
6205:Libya
6201:Sirte
6195:Qatar
6169:Syria
6130:Sudan
6120:Yemen
6106:Rabat
6096:Amman
6046:Tunis
6040:Egypt
6036:Cairo
5961:Other
5952:Utica
5931:Thyna
5907:Ruspe
5826:Sumur
5806:Carne
5791:Arwad
5784:Syria
5769:Velez
5725:Onoba
5710:Mahón
5704:Ibiza
5695:Herna
5674:Ceuta
5670:Abyla
5653:Spain
5639:Balsa
5590:Gadir
5585:Zilil
5545:Tinga
5463:Mdina
5445:Malta
5420:Khoms
5409:Libya
5386:Sidon
5351:Birut
5295:Sulci
5280:Olbia
5265:Motya
5234:Erice
5205:Bitan
5198:Italy
5183:Haifa
5169:Jaffa
5133:Delos
5082:Dhali
5036:Sarai
4961:Cirta
4940:Jijel
4915:Tenes
4627:. In
4315:(PDF)
4071:(PDF)
3472:MERIA
2627:Jadid
2624:Hajeb
1913:Year
1610:Sunni
1423:khans
1387:ablaq
1304:Akkar
1125:Akkar
1026:emirs
1021:Shia
1004:Arabs
967:Roman
960:cedar
926:Roman
823:Roman
807:Sidon
644:Arabs
628:Athar
617:Kayza
613:Mayza
599:King
589:Ahlia
566:Greek
564:) in
541:Arwad
537:Sidon
481:Cairo
435:'
408:Greek
6251:Sfax
6225:Iraq
6191:2010
6188:Doha
6178:2009
6165:2008
6152:2007
6143:Oman
6139:2006
5750:Sexi
5664:Adra
5595:Sala
5555:Anfa
5426:Oyat
5336:Arqa
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