31:
135:
A provision which escheats property to tribe upon owner's death any fractional interest in allotment which constitutes less than two percent of the allotment and has not produced $ 100 in income over the past five years, unless it is devised or descends to owner of another fractional interest in the
263:
property to tribe upon owner's death any fractional interest in allotment which constitutes less than two percent of the allotment and has not produced $ 100 in income over the past five years, unless it is devised or descends to owner of another fractional interest in the allotment, works an
374:
dissented. He believed that Youpee had sufficient notice to prevent the loss of his interest in the property, and that the government had an interest in reducing the problems inherent in fractionalized ownership. He would have held the statute valid.
286:) tribal land to individual members of the tribes. Over the ensuing years, the ownership of the land became increasingly fractionalized as the original owners passed their interests onto multiple heirs. About 100 years later, Congress passed the
2040:
2208:
1751:
2168:
362:, nothing in the statute address the base value of the land itself. Since the statute authorized a taking of property without compensation to the property owner, it violated the Fifth Amendment and was invalid.
327:, which stated it did not have jurisdiction to determine the constitutional claim. The devisees then brought suit seeking relief, which the U.S. District Court granted. The suit claimed that § 207 violated the
290:
in 1983 to deal with the problem. Section 207 of the act provided that the land would pass, or escheat, to the tribe when the interest was 2 percent or less and earned less than $ 100 in the preceding year.
2333:
2072:
1848:
502:
72:
2232:
2216:
2056:
611:
570:
332:
295:
1984:
602:
1423:
614:
2016:
352:
delivered the opinion of the court. Ginsburg noted that
Congress had changed the statute, but ended up not addressing any of the constitutional concerns of
2338:
1912:
2328:
2272:
2256:
2136:
561:
320:
2323:
2112:
2080:
2192:
1431:
1687:
1083:
283:
1936:
595:
294:
The Act did not provide those whose land went to the tribe with any compensation. A previous version of the Act was invalidated under the
2024:
1479:
2240:
2224:
2048:
2008:
1832:
256:
238:
35:
628:
2096:
1407:
1232:
828:
319:
devised his fractional interests in several parcels of land to several other tribal members. An administrative law judge of the
1888:
1767:
1679:
1008:
588:
2176:
2144:
1896:
1880:
1759:
1920:
1840:
2288:
2264:
2184:
895:
2152:
1032:
965:
729:
554:
312:
2032:
772:
304:. While the case was still ongoing, Congress made changes to the statute to try and address the issues identified in
1944:
1719:
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1992:
1976:
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1816:
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1471:
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1968:
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1904:
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946:
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1224:
1216:
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1379:
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1160:
1107:
1091:
681:
316:
1711:
1487:
1447:
1439:
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1000:
938:
820:
328:
159:
151:
1952:
1663:
1455:
1344:
1200:
1067:
1016:
323:
found that the land should escheat to the tribal government. It was first appealed to the
2064:
1631:
1336:
871:
804:
737:
371:
300:
191:
179:
539:
1872:
1788:
1583:
1328:
665:
522:
203:
171:
2317:
1703:
1352:
649:
1735:
183:
242:
67:
54:
Bruce
Babbitt, Secretary of the Interior, et al. v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr., et al.
220:
Ginsburg, joined by
Rehnquist, O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Breyer
2041:
Williamson County
Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
2209:
Stop the Beach
Renourishment v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection
358:
273:
83:
1752:
Department of
Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California
531:
2169:
Tahoe-Sierra
Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
446:
424:
122:
111:
104:
260:
79:
356:. She further noted that while the income from the land might be
1849:
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago
115:
2073:
First
English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Los Angeles County
1786:
1377:
1130:
708:
626:
584:
543:
30:
2193:
San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City & County of San
Francisco
2334:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
2217:
Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. United States
259:
case in which the Court held that a provision which
2233:
Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District
1059:
976:
957:
906:
847:
764:
721:
232:
224:
216:
211:
140:
129:
96:
91:
59:
49:
42:
23:
1985:Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City
1424:Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
2057:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
596:
555:
311:William Youpee was an enrolled member of the
8:
2017:Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.
2009:Webb's Fabulous Pharmacies, Inc. v. Beckwith
2097:Preseault v. Interstate Commerce Commission
1913:Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
136:allotment, works an unconstitutional taking
2273:Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco
1889:Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. United States
1783:
1374:
1127:
718:
705:
623:
603:
589:
581:
562:
548:
540:
20:
2257:Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania
2137:Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
2177:Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington
2145:Phillips v. Washington Legal Foundation
2113:Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
2081:Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
1897:Rindge Company v. County of Los Angeles
383:
1432:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
2241:Horne v. Department of Agriculture II
1921:United States v. General Motors Corp.
1841:Monongahela Nav. Co. v. United States
1084:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber
282:initiated a program to allot Indian (
18:1997 United States Supreme Court case
7:
2225:Horne v. Department of Agriculture I
1937:Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States
2025:Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
1480:Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
2339:Native American history of Montana
2049:United States v. Riverside Bayview
1833:Head v. Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.
1688:Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2329:United States Supreme Court cases
509:234 (1997) is available from:
2033:Ruckelshaus v. Montanato Company
829:Bravo-Fernandez v. United States
29:
1945:United States v. Pewee Coal Co.
1680:Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC
2324:1997 in United States case law
1881:Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
1760:United States v. Vaello Madero
1720:Flores-Villar v. United States
393:, 519 U.S. 234, 237-39 (1997).
335:. The Ninth Circuit affirmed.
1:
2289:Sheetz v. County of El Dorado
2265:Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid
2185:Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
1993:Kaiser Aetna v. United States
1408:Adkins v. Children's Hospital
612:United States Fifth Amendment
571:United States Fifth Amendment
288:Indian Land Consolidation Act
255:, 519 U.S. 234 (1997), was a
2153:Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel
1768:Department of State v. Muñoz
1033:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
966:Blockburger v. United States
730:Blockburger v. United States
313:Sioux and Assiniboine Tribes
2089:Pennell v. City of San Jose
1744:Sessions v. Morales-Santana
773:United States v. Randenbush
257:United States Supreme Court
2355:
2201:Kelo v. City of New London
1977:Armstrong v. United States
1961:Nelson v. City of New York
1321:J. D. B. v. North Carolina
1249:Dickerson v. United States
658:Wong Wing v. United States
532:Oyez (oral argument audio)
321:Department of the Interior
271:
2161:Palazzolo v. Rhode Island
1825:Cole v. City of La Grange
1795:
1782:
1576:United States v. Antelope
1386:
1373:
1233:Mitchell v. United States
1139:
1133:Self-Incrimination Clause
1126:
977:Dual sovereignty doctrine
797:Fong Foo v. United States
722:Meaning of "same offense"
717:
704:
674:United States v. Moreland
636:
622:
578:
264:unconstitutional taking.
237:
145:
134:
28:
2281:Tyler v. Hennepin County
2105:Yee v. City of Escondido
2001:Agins v. City of Tiburon
1857:Peabody v. United States
1728:United States v. Windsor
1504:Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld
1241:United States v. Hubbell
1100:North Carolina v. Pearce
1049:Denezpi v. United States
1009:United States v. Wheeler
421:857 F. Supp. 760
329:Just Compensation Clause
45:Decided January 21, 1997
2121:Dolan v. City of Tigard
1929:United States v. Causby
1817:United States v. Lawton
1536:Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong
1472:Frontiero v. Richardson
1289:Corley v. United States
1281:United States v. Patane
1145:Curcio v. United States
1041:Gamble v. United States
931:United States v. Dinitz
864:Ludwig v. Massachusetts
856:United States v. Wilson
789:Burton v. United States
690:United States v. Cotton
325:Board of Indian Appeals
43:Argued December 6, 1996
1865:United States v. Cress
1640:Fullilove v. Klutznick
1496:Schlesinger v. Ballard
1400:Adair v. United States
1392:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1265:Yarborough v. Alvarado
985:United States v. Lanza
915:United States v. Perez
896:Smith v. United States
888:United States v. Dixon
880:United States v. Felix
813:Burks v. United States
754:United States v. Dixon
746:United States v. Felix
711:Double Jeopardy Clause
280:United States Congress
1809:Kohl v. United States
1313:Berghuis v. Thompkins
1153:Griffin v. California
1025:United States v. Lara
923:United States v. Jorn
781:Ball v. United States
642:Hurtado v. California
485:, 519 U.S. at 245-47.
473:, 519 U.S. at 243-45.
461:, 519 U.S. at 240-42.
405:, 519 U.S. at 239-40.
1969:United States v. Dow
1616:Califano v. Westcott
1560:Califano v. Goldfarb
1209:Doe v. United States
1076:Palko v. Connecticut
947:Blueford v. Arkansas
344:Opinion of the Court
1801:Barron v. Baltimore
1648:Rostker v. Goldberg
1568:Califano v. Webster
1544:Washington v. Davis
1512:Mathews v. Eldridge
1464:Richardson v. Davis
1416:Nichols v. Coolidge
1305:Maryland v. Shatzer
1273:Missouri v. Seibert
1225:McNeil v. Wisconsin
1217:Illinois v. Perkins
1177:Williams v. Florida
993:Bartkus v. Illinois
958:Multiple punishment
837:McElrath v. Georgia
443:67 F.3d 194
350:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
278:In the late 1800s,
196:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
168:Sandra Day O'Connor
2297:DeVillier v. Texas
1696:Miller v. Albright
1656:Heckler v. Mathews
1592:Califano v. Torres
1520:Hills v. Gautreaux
1380:Due Process Clause
1257:Chavez v. Martinez
1193:Edwards v. Arizona
1185:Michigan v. Tucker
1161:Miranda v. Arizona
1108:Benton v. Maryland
1092:Baxstrom v. Herold
682:Beck v. Washington
615:criminal procedure
156:Associate Justices
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2249:Murr v. Wisconsin
2129:Babbitt v. Youpee
1778:
1777:
1712:Zadvydas v. Davis
1672:Bowen v. Gilliard
1624:Harris v. Rosario
1488:Morton v. Mancari
1448:Schneider v. Rusk
1440:Bolling v. Sharpe
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1297:Florida v. Powell
1169:Boulden v. Holman
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1001:Waller v. Florida
939:Oregon v. Kennedy
821:Evans v. Michigan
700:
699:
499:Babbitt v. Youpee
438:Youpee v. Babbitt
416:Youpee v. Babbitt
391:Babbitt v. Youpee
252:Babbitt v. Youpee
248:
247:
152:William Rehnquist
101:Youpee v. Babbitt
24:Babbitt v. Youpee
2346:
1953:Berman v. Parker
1905:Leonard v. Earle
1784:
1664:Lyng v. Castillo
1608:Davis v. Passman
1600:Vance v. Bradley
1552:Mathews v. Lucas
1456:Rogers v. Bellei
1375:
1345:Salinas v. Texas
1201:Oregon v. Elstad
1128:
1068:Ex parte Bigelow
1017:Heath v. Alabama
848:After conviction
719:
706:
624:
605:
598:
591:
582:
564:
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550:
541:
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394:
388:
141:Court membership
114:1994) aff'd, 67
33:
32:
21:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2065:Hodel v. Irving
1791:
1774:
1632:Harris v. McRae
1528:Mathews v. Diaz
1382:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1337:Howes v. Fields
1135:
1114:
1055:
972:
953:
902:
872:Grady v. Corbin
843:
805:Ashe v. Swenson
765:After acquittal
760:
738:Grady v. Corbin
713:
696:
632:
618:
609:
574:
568:
534:
528:
525:
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510:
494:
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477:
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436:
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431:
414:
413:
409:
401:
397:
389:
385:
381:
372:John P. Stevens
368:
346:
341:
333:Fifth Amendment
301:Hodel v. Irving
296:Fifth Amendment
284:Native American
276:
270:
194:
192:Clarence Thomas
182:
180:Anthony Kennedy
170:
160:John P. Stevens
87:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2352:
2350:
2342:
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2336:
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2301:
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2253:
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2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1873:Block v. Hirsh
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:Takings Clause
1787:
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1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
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1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
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1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1584:Fiallo v. Bell
1580:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
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1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
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1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1329:Bobby v. Dixon
1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
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1269:
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1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
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1120:
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1037:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1005:
997:
989:
980:
978:
974:
973:
971:
970:
961:
959:
955:
954:
952:
951:
943:
935:
927:
919:
910:
908:
907:After mistrial
904:
903:
901:
900:
892:
884:
876:
868:
860:
851:
849:
845:
844:
842:
841:
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809:
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793:
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742:
734:
725:
723:
715:
714:
709:
702:
701:
698:
697:
695:
694:
686:
678:
670:
666:Maxwell v. Dow
662:
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637:
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633:
627:
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610:
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593:
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566:
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552:
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514:Google Scholar
493:
492:External links
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239:25 U.S.C.
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208:
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204:Stephen Breyer
172:Antonin Scalia
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132:
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50:Full case name
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2134:
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2130:
2126:
2123:
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2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
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2091:
2090:
2086:
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2082:
2078:
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2002:
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1914:
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1902:
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1814:
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1798:
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1770:
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1704:Nguyen v. INS
1701:
1698:
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1677:
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1397:
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1376:
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1355:
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1353:Vega v. Tekoh
1350:
1347:
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986:
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650:Ex parte Bain
647:
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639:
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621:
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339:Supreme Court
338:
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275:
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212:Case opinions
210:
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197:
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177:
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155:
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148:Chief Justice
147:
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139:
133:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
90:
85:
81:
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69:
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62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1736:Kerry v. Din
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
991:
983:
964:
945:
937:
929:
921:
913:
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
854:
835:
827:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
752:
744:
736:
728:
688:
680:
672:
664:
656:
648:
640:
498:
482:
478:
470:
466:
458:
454:
437:
432:
415:
410:
402:
398:
390:
386:
369:
357:
353:
347:
310:
305:
299:
293:
277:
251:
250:
249:
233:Laws applied
199:
187:
184:David Souter
175:
163:
100:
92:Case history
71:
53:
15:
449: 1995).
427: 1994).
243:§ 2206
2318:Categories
629:Grand Jury
379:References
359:de minimis
272:See also:
268:Background
274:Dawes Act
84:L. Ed. 2d
82:727; 136
60:Citations
617:case law
573:case law
497:Text of
447:9th Cir.
425:D. Mont.
370:Justice
348:Justice
261:escheats
217:Majority
123:9th Cir.
112:D. Mont.
105:F. Supp.
366:Dissent
331:of the
315:. His
228:Stevens
225:Dissent
130:Holding
2300:(2024)
2292:(2024)
2284:(2023)
2276:(2021)
2268:(2021)
2260:(2019)
2252:(2017)
2244:(2015)
2236:(2013)
2228:(2013)
2220:(2012)
2212:(2010)
2204:(2005)
2196:(2005)
2188:(2005)
2180:(2003)
2172:(2002)
2164:(2001)
2156:(1998)
2148:(1998)
2140:(1997)
2132:(1997)
2124:(1994)
2116:(1992)
2108:(1992)
2100:(1990)
2092:(1988)
2084:(1987)
2076:(1987)
2068:(1987)
2060:(1987)
2052:(1985)
2044:(1985)
2036:(1984)
2028:(1984)
2020:(1982)
2012:(1980)
2004:(1980)
1996:(1979)
1988:(1978)
1980:(1960)
1972:(1958)
1964:(1956)
1956:(1954)
1948:(1951)
1940:(1949)
1932:(1946)
1924:(1945)
1916:(1935)
1908:(1929)
1900:(1923)
1892:(1923)
1884:(1922)
1876:(1921)
1868:(1917)
1860:(1913)
1852:(1897)
1844:(1893)
1836:(1885)
1828:(1885)
1820:(1884)
1812:(1875)
1804:(1833)
1771:(2024)
1763:(2022)
1755:(2020)
1747:(2017)
1739:(2015)
1731:(2013)
1723:(2011)
1715:(2001)
1707:(2001)
1699:(1998)
1691:(1995)
1683:(1990)
1675:(1987)
1667:(1986)
1659:(1984)
1651:(1981)
1643:(1980)
1635:(1980)
1627:(1980)
1619:(1979)
1611:(1979)
1603:(1979)
1595:(1978)
1587:(1977)
1579:(1977)
1571:(1977)
1563:(1977)
1555:(1976)
1547:(1976)
1539:(1976)
1531:(1976)
1523:(1976)
1515:(1976)
1507:(1975)
1499:(1975)
1491:(1974)
1483:(1973)
1475:(1973)
1467:(1972)
1459:(1971)
1451:(1964)
1443:(1954)
1435:(1938)
1427:(1935)
1419:(1927)
1411:(1923)
1403:(1908)
1395:(1857)
1356:(2022)
1348:(2013)
1340:(2012)
1332:(2011)
1324:(2011)
1316:(2010)
1308:(2010)
1300:(2010)
1292:(2009)
1284:(2004)
1276:(2004)
1268:(2004)
1260:(2003)
1252:(2000)
1244:(2000)
1236:(1999)
1228:(1991)
1220:(1990)
1212:(1988)
1204:(1985)
1196:(1981)
1188:(1974)
1180:(1970)
1172:(1969)
1164:(1966)
1156:(1965)
1148:(1957)
1111:(1969)
1103:(1969)
1095:(1966)
1087:(1947)
1079:(1937)
1071:(1885)
1052:(2022)
1044:(2019)
1036:(2016)
1028:(2004)
1020:(1985)
1012:(1978)
1004:(1970)
996:(1959)
988:(1922)
969:(1932)
950:(2012)
942:(1982)
934:(1976)
926:(1971)
918:(1824)
899:(2023)
891:(1993)
883:(1992)
875:(1990)
867:(1976)
859:(1833)
840:(2024)
832:(2016)
824:(2013)
816:(1978)
808:(1970)
800:(1962)
792:(1906)
784:(1896)
776:(1834)
757:(1993)
749:(1992)
741:(1990)
733:(1932)
693:(2002)
685:(1962)
677:(1922)
669:(1900)
661:(1896)
653:(1887)
645:(1884)
631:Clause
535:
529:
526:
523:Justia
520:
517:
511:
483:Youpee
471:Youpee
459:Youpee
445: (
441:,
423: (
419:,
403:Youpee
241:
202:
200:·
198:
190:
188:·
186:
178:
176:·
174:
166:
164:·
162:
103:, 857
80:S. Ct.
1060:Other
505:
354:Hodel
306:Hodel
125:1995)
97:Prior
507:U.S.
317:will
116:F.3d
78:117
73:more
65:U.S.
63:519
503:519
298:in
119:194
108:760
86:696
68:234
2320::
501:,
308:.
604:e
597:t
590:v
563:e
556:t
549:v
121:(
110:(
76:)
70:(
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