898:, and a survivor. She was one of those ordered to march to the ravine, to be forced to undress and then be shot. Jumping before being shot and falling on other bodies, she played dead in a pile of corpses. She held perfectly still while the Nazis continued to shoot the wounded or gasping victims. Although the SS had covered the mass grave with earth, she eventually climbed through the soil and escaped. Since it was dark, she had to avoid the torches of the Nazis finishing off the remaining victims still alive, wounded, and gasping in the grave. She was one of the very few survivors of the massacre and later related her story to Kuznetsov. At least 29 survivors are known.
1049:
823:. Atop the stones were piled a layer of wood and then a layer of bodies, and so on until the pyre was as high as a two-story house. Vilkis said that approximately 1,500 bodies were burned in each operation of the furnace and each funeral pyre took two nights and one day to burn completely. The cremation went on for 40 days, and then the prisoners, who by this time included 341 men, were ordered to build another furnace. Since this was the last furnace and there were no more bodies, the prisoners it was for them. They made a break but only a dozen out of more than 200 survived the bullets of the Nazi machine guns.
720:
798:
3062:
1004:) were tried in Kyiv over their roles in the massacre and other atrocities. Twelve of them were sentenced to death (Fritz Beckenhof, Karl Burckhardt, Georg Heinisch, Wilhelm Hellerforth, Hans Isenmann, Emil Jogschat, Emil Knoll, Willi Meier, Paul von Scheer, Eckart Hans von Tschammer und Osten, Georg Truckenbrod, and Oskar Walliser). The other three received prison sentences. Those condemned to death were publicly hanged in the town square of Kyiv on 29 January 1946.
870:
1399:
lobby after the meeting I stopped some of these men and demanded, 'How dare you use the word "yid?" Don't you know it's a very offensive term, an insult to the Jewish nation?' 'Here in the
Western Ukraine it's just the opposite,' they explained. 'We call ourselves yids' ... Apparently what they said was true. If you go back to Ukrainian literature ... you'll see that 'yid' isn't used derisively or insultingly."
1057:
49:
595:
951:
1398:
in his memoirs: "I remember that once we invited
Ukrainians, Jews and Poles ... to a meeting at the Lvov opera house. It struck me as very strange to hear the Jewish speakers at the meeting refer to themselves as 'yids.' 'We yids hereby declare ourselves in favour of such-and-such.' Out in the
1065:
Memorials were not explicitly forbidden, but successive Soviet leaders preferred instead to emphasise the wide-ranging origins of those murdered at the site. This meant that both Jewish and Roma peoples were not specifically memorialised at the Babi Yar site until the Soviet Union collapsed. Indeed,
747:
Mass executions at Babi Yar continued until the Nazis evacuated the city of Kyiv. On 10 January 1942 about 100 captured Soviet sailors were executed there after being forced to disinter and cremate the bodies of previous victims. In addition, Babi Yar became a place of execution of residents of five
658:
The difficulties resulting from such a large scale action—in particular concerning the seizure—were overcome in Kiev by requesting the Jewish population through wall posters to move. Although only a participation of approximately 5,000 to 6,000 Jews had been expected at first, more than 30,000 Jews
1151:
Maybe, say, this Babi Yar was also a test for Hitler. If on 29 September and 30 September 1941 Babi Yar may happen and the world did not react seriously, dramatically, abnormally, maybe this was a good test for him. So a few weeks later in
January 1942, near Berlin in Wannsee, a convention can be
859:
In the two years that followed, Ukrainians, Russians, Gypsies and people of all nationalities were murdered in Babi Yar. The belief that Babi Yar is an exclusively Jewish grave is wrong... It is an international grave. Nobody will ever determine how many and what nationalities are buried there,
667:
I watched what happened when the Jews—men, women and children—arrived. The
Ukrainians led them past a number of different places where one after the other they had to give up their luggage, then their coats, shoes and over-garments and also underwear. They also had to leave their valuables in a
1730:"Бабин Яр: масове убивство і пам′ять про нього. Матеріали міжнародної наукової конференції 24–25 жовтня 2011 р., м. Київ / В. Нахманович, А. Подольський, М. Тяглий. Український центр вивчення історії Голокосту; Громадський комітет для вшанування пам'яті жертв Бабиного Яру. – К., 2012. – 256 с."
1064:
After the war, specifically Jewish and Roma commemoration efforts encountered difficulty because of the Soviet Union's emphasis on secular remembrances honoring all nationalities of the Soviet Union, so memorials (including at Babi Yar) would generally refer to "peaceful victims of fascism."
1732:[Babyn Yar: mass murder and memory. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference October 24–25, 2011, Kyiv / V. Nakhmanovych, A. Podolsky, M. Tyagly. Ukrainian Center for Holocaust History Studies; Public Committee to Commemorate the Victims of Babyn Yar. K., 2012. 256 p.]
3153:
1419:. Thus, it is more accurate to describe these people as "Ukrainian speakers". A German policeman who guarded Babi Yar testified in 1965 that "the Jews were guarded by Wehrmacht units and by a Hamburg Police Battalion, which, as far as I can remember, carried the number 303."
580:
All Yids of the city of Kiev and its vicinity must appear on Monday, 29 September, by 8 o'clock in the morning at the corner of Mel'nikova and
Dokterivskaya streets (near the Viis'kove cemetery). Bring documents, money and valuables, and also warm clothing, linen, etc.
1014:
of
Ukraine at the time, was tried and sentenced to death by a Polish court for his atrocities in occupied Poland. However, he was never tried for his crimes in occupied Ukraine. His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and he died in prison in 1986.
1048:
905:
and other Jewish organisations started a project to identify and name the Babi Yar victims. However, so far, only 10% have been identified. Yad Vashem has recorded the names of around 3,000 Jews murdered at Babi Yar, as well as those of some 7,000 Jews from
942:. The bodies were exhumed, burned and the ashes scattered over farmland in the vicinity. Several hundred prisoners of war from the Syrets concentration camp were forced to build funeral pyres out of Jewish gravestones and exhume the bodies for cremation.
707:'s Operational Situation Report, 33,771 Jews from Kyiv and its suburbs were systematically shot dead by machine-gun fire at Babi Yar on 29 and 30 September 1941. The money, valuables, underwear, and clothing of the murdered were turned over to the local
367:, carried out the orders. Sonderkommando 4a and the 45th Battalion of the German Order Police conducted the shootings. Servicemen of the 303rd Battalion of the German Order Police at this time guarded the outer perimeter of the execution site.
1862:
727:
In the months that followed, thousands more were seized and taken to Babi Yar where they were shot. It is estimated that more than 100,000 residents of Kyiv of all ethnic groups, mostly civilians, were murdered by the Nazis there during
813:, who were taken to the ravines. On August 19 these men were ordered to disinter all the bodies in the ravine. The Germans meanwhile took a party to a nearby Jewish cemetery whence marble headstones were brought to Babii Yar [
3583:
3223:"WORLD HOLOCAUST FORUM | Past Events | International Forum 'Let My People Live!', September 27, 2006 | Message of the UN Secretary-General delivered by Mr. Francis O'Donnell, UN Resident Coordinator in Ukraine"
697: ... I saw these marksmen stand on layers of corpses and shoot one after the other ... The marksman would walk across the bodies of the executed Jews to the next Jew, who had meanwhile lain down, and shoot him.
686:
Once undressed, they were led into the ravine which was about 150 metres long and 30 metres wide and a good 15 metres deep ... When they reached the bottom of the ravine they were seized by members of the
636:-SS battalion, and a platoon of the No. 9 police battalion. These units were reinforced by police battalions Nos. 45 and 303, by units of the Ukrainian auxiliary police, and supported by local collaborators.
642:
4a and the 45th
Battalion of the German Order Police conducted the shootings. Servicemen of the 303rd Battalion of the German Order Police at this time guarded the outer perimeter of the execution site.
1711:[The tragedy of Babyn Yar through the prism of archival documents of the Security Service of Ukraine / Т.О. Evstafieva // Archives of Ukraine. 2011. № 5. 137–158. Bibliography: 76 titles. ukr.]
3576:
1851:
498:
C. The mass murder was to be carried out by units under the command of Rasch and Blobel, who were ultimately responsible for many atrocities in Soviet
Ukraine during the summer and autumn of 1941.
1351:
1220:
1147:. Rabbi Lau pointed out that if the world had reacted to the massacre of Babi Yar, perhaps the Holocaust might never have happened. Implying that this impunity emboldened Hitler, Lau speculated:
1574:
4795:
1026:. After a 14 month trial, seven were convicted and sentenced to prison terms ranging between four and fifteen years. In 1971, three more former German police officials were put on trial in
668:
designated place. There was a special pile for each article of clothing. It all happened very quickly and anyone who hesitated was kicked or pushed by the
Ukrainians to keep them moving.
3569:
247:
3592:
5538:
770:
Upon the Soviet liberation of Kyiv in 1943, Soviet officials led
Western journalists to the site of the massacres and allowed them to interview survivors. Among the journalists were
4017:
2808:[From the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission on the Destruction and Atrocities Committed by the German-Fascist Invaders in the City of Kyiv]. Archived from
2433:
1541:
1201:
factories without sufficient drainage over the course of ten years. The dam collapsed after it was hit by a heavy rainstorm, resulting in a mudslide that swept away the low-lying
809:
However, even more incredible was the action taken by the Nazis between August 19 and September 28 last. Vilkis said that in the middle of August the SS mobilized a party of 100
8104:
3463:
370:
The massacre was the largest mass-murder by the Nazi regime during the campaign against the Soviet Union, and it has been called "the largest single massacre in the history of
693:
and made to lie down on top of Jews who had already been shot ... The corpses were literally in layers. A police marksman came along and shot each Jew in the neck with a
584:
Any Yids who do not follow this order and are found elsewhere will be shot. Any civilians who enter the dwellings left by Yids and appropriate the things in them will be shot.
8079:
1152:
held with a decision, a final solution to the Jewish problem ... Maybe if the very action had been a serious one, a dramatic one, in September 1941 here in Ukraine, the
455:, met at Rear Headquarters Army Group South. There, they decided to exterminate the Jews of Kyiv, claiming that it was retaliation for the explosions. Also present were SS-
414:
in origin and means "gully" or "ravine". Over several centuries, the site was used for various purposes, including military camps and at least two cemeteries, including an
436:(the NKVD) caused extensive damage in the city, and on 24 September an explosion rocked Rear Headquarters Army Group South. Two days later, on 26 September, Maj. Gen.
1080:
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, several memorials were erected on the site and elsewhere. The events also formed a part of literature. Babi Yar is located in
5842:
4788:
1346:
4991:
1709:"Трагедія Бабиного Яру крізь призму архівних документів Служби безпеки України / Т.О. Євстаф'єва // Архіви України. 2011. № 5. С. 137–158. Бібліогр.: 76 назв. укр"
6882:
4403:
5725:
400:
The Babi Yar (Babyn Yar) ravine was first mentioned in historical accounts in 1401, in connection to the sale of it by "baba" (an old woman) who was also the
7079:
2264:
8139:
4095:
3423:
885:
3490:
6257:
5057:
4781:
4757:
4010:
3480:
682:
fire, there was no chance to escape. All were driven down a corridor of soldiers, in groups of ten, and then shot. A truck driver described the scene.
4328:
3178:
1582:
1440:
1338:
7126:
4877:
4062:
2895:
2510:
2482:
8074:
2053:
1415:
Ukrainians" there has only been one documented Ukrainian speaker at Babi Yar, and that was Second Lieutenant Joseph Muller, an ethnic German from
876:
on the witness stand, 24 January 1946, at a Kyiv war-crimes trial of fifteen members of the German police responsible for the occupied Kyiv region
3222:
3204:
3127:
2045:
8134:
8099:
7661:
6250:
6128:
2949:
1310:
810:
3101:
678:
The crowd was large enough that most of the victims could not have known what was happening until it was too late; by the time they heard the
8144:
8059:
7832:
7613:
6746:
4003:
3303:
2876:
2806:"Из Сообщения Чрезвычайной Государственной Комиссии о Разрушениях и зверствах, Совершенных Немецко – Фашистскими Захватчиками в Городе Киеве"
1938:
1689:
1524:
7910:
6084:
3266:
3248:
3075:
6898:
6488:
4968:
4026:
2166:
1376:
The order was posted in German, Ukrainian, and in the largest letters, Russian. In only the Russian version is the defamatory word "zhid" (
6819:
3504:
3293:
1069:'s 1961 poem on Babi Yar begins "Nad Babim Yarom pamyatnikov nyet" ("Over Babi Yar there are no monuments"); it is also the first line of
236:
was also located in the area. Massacres occurred at Babi Yar from 29 September 1941 to 6 November 1943, when Soviet forces liberated Kyiv.
4916:
2071:
Prusin, Alexander V. (Spring 2007). "A Community of Violence: The SiPo/SD and Its Role in the Nazi Terror System in Generalbezirk Kiew".
8119:
8109:
7827:
5954:
4633:
3976:
3697:
2707:
2425:
659:
arrived who, until the very moment of their execution, still believed in their resettlement, thanks to an extremely clever organization.
84:
77:
2586:
6591:
5856:
4218:
1551:
1252:
1043:
701:
In the evening, the Germans undermined the wall of the ravine and buried the people under the thick layers of earth. According to the
840:
claimed that approximately 100,000 corpses were lying in Babi Yar; he made this estimate using documents which were published by the
8084:
8049:
6890:
6639:
6632:
6338:
3912:
3468:
3432:
3024:
2983:
2623:
2408:
2298:
2227:
2114:
1977:
1959:
1895:
1767:
340:
175:
6965:
847:
In a recently published letter to the Israeli journalist, writer, and translator Shlomo Even-Shoshan which was dated 17 May 1965,
752:
were gassed and then dumped into the ravine. Thousands of other Ukrainians were murdered at Babi Yar. Ukrainian poet and activist
7057:
6866:
6767:
6689:
6575:
6228:
6221:
5556:
3014:
771:
3331:
8129:
8089:
8008:
6985:
6874:
6135:
4885:
4088:
2361:
1294:
1289:
1278:
1100:
985:
was also indicted in the Einsatzgruppen Trial but his case was discontinued for health reasons, and he died in prison in 1948.
965:
In the aftermath of the war, several SS commanders who had planned and supervised the massacre were arrested and put on trial.
711:
and to the Nazi administration of the city. Wounded victims were buried alive in the ravine along with the rest of the bodies.
5947:
2683:
2455:
2322:
8124:
7774:
6675:
6504:
6472:
6300:
6214:
4686:
1619:
1320:
1267:
1074:
841:
310:. It is estimated that a total of between 100,000 and 150,000 people were murdered at Babi Yar during the German occupation.
2925:
2924:[Reuben Stein, who miraculously escaped from the place of execution: "Probably, I really died there, in Babi Yar"].
1787:
1464:
663:
According to the testimony of a truck driver named Hofer, victims were ordered to undress and were beaten if they resisted:
6922:
6914:
6827:
5341:
5081:
4961:
4577:
4486:
2532:
2504:
1496:
3267:"The Secretary-General message commemorating the 65th anniversary of the tragedy of Babi Yar - United Nations in Ukraine"
3179:"Rabbi Lau's Statement at the International Forum 'Let My People Live!', Kyiv, September 27, 2006; World Holocaust Forum"
7943:
7459:
7119:
6781:
6559:
6480:
6456:
6354:
6107:
5926:
5418:
5166:
5029:
4597:
4541:
3545:
3448:
3364:
1284:
895:
287:
2776:
2758:
2560:
432:
Axis forces, mainly German, occupied Kyiv on 19 September 1941. Between 20 and 28 September, explosives planted by the
7649:
7619:
7505:
7284:
6906:
6322:
6207:
4717:
4607:
4293:
2907:
2805:
1928:
1356:
1226:
1214:
970:
958:
719:
557:
7434:
7199:
4861:
4288:
2922:"Рувим Штейн, чудом спасшийся с места казни: "Наверное, я настоящий умер там, в Бабьем Яре" Янина Соколовская (Киев)"
1168:
1708:
8094:
7867:
7809:
7679:
7665:
7582:
6753:
6703:
6512:
6417:
6330:
6264:
6041:
5297:
4703:
4602:
4475:
4145:
4081:
1304:
358:
171:
797:
7902:
7692:
7653:
7339:
7319:
6938:
6811:
6774:
6696:
6377:
5225:
4834:
4592:
4556:
3205:"Message of Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General, delivered by Francis O'Donnell, UN Resident Coordinator in Ukraine"
2256:
1333:
802:
733:
233:
191:
31:
5650:
2725:
8069:
8054:
8044:
7920:
7748:
7720:
7657:
7189:
6946:
6930:
6661:
6583:
6567:
6034:
5700:
5134:
4983:
4762:
4654:
4628:
4480:
4413:
4160:
4135:
4130:
4104:
1416:
1272:
7379:
3529:
2630:
832:
Estimates of the total number of people who were murdered at Babi Yar during the Nazi occupation vary. At the
1949:
8064:
7879:
7847:
7766:
7536:
7409:
7254:
7112:
6858:
5919:
5784:
4263:
4165:
4155:
4150:
4140:
3892:
3610:
2838:
2459:
1514:
1242:
415:
379:
354:
167:
3182:
2835:
1450:
8039:
8013:
7978:
7399:
7324:
7036:
7001:
6803:
6760:
6739:
6409:
6027:
5755:
5684:
5514:
5458:
5198:
5067:
3721:
1678:
The tragedy of Babi Yar in German documents. – Dnepropetrovsk: Center "Tkuma"; PE "Lira LTD", 2011. 140 p.
1257:
298:. The first and best documented of the massacres took place on 29–30 September 1941, in which some 33,771
7779:
6114:
6077:
5991:
5142:
4057:
2892:
1638:
1205:
neighborhood and several other areas. The death toll was estimated to be between 1,500 and 2,000 people.
7983:
7087:
6973:
6535:
6425:
5645:
5281:
5126:
5045:
4999:
4954:
4932:
4738:
4523:
4465:
4308:
1729:
1670:Трагедия Бабьего Яра в немецких документах. Днепропетровск: Центр «Ткума»; ЧП «Лира ЛТД», 2011. – 140 с.
550:
C and Police Battalion 45, commanded by Major Besser, conducted the massacre, supported by members of a
427:
5721:
5530:
5498:
1665:
5380:
5257:
7993:
7958:
7855:
7799:
7698:
7541:
6433:
6393:
6278:
5940:
5791:
5668:
5660:
5545:
5522:
5358:
5217:
4842:
4676:
4551:
4533:
4460:
4423:
4278:
3931:
3226:
3208:
2057:
1924:
1847:
1299:
1262:
1165:
1096:
974:
749:
570:
566:
452:
443:
375:
324:
5249:
5037:
3295:Куренівська трагедія 13 березня 1961 р. у Києві: причини, обставини, наслідки. Документи і матеріали
2946:
1546:. The Shoah in Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization. Indiana University Press. p. 303.
7887:
7684:
7404:
7239:
7169:
6464:
6401:
6346:
6271:
5884:
5692:
5622:
5466:
5388:
5182:
5158:
5088:
4944:
4660:
4253:
4248:
4228:
4052:
3936:
3554:
1646:
1328:
1324:
1066:
1001:
969:, the overall commander of the SS unit responsible for the massacre, was sentenced to death by the
844:
which the Soviets set up in order to investigate Nazi crimes after the liberation of Kyiv in 1943.
458:
5716:
3561:
7590:
7546:
7344:
7259:
6850:
6717:
6668:
6543:
6496:
6063:
5998:
5482:
5442:
5351:
5190:
4724:
4516:
4506:
4371:
3365:"What Happened at Babi Yar, the Ukrainian Holocaust Site Reportedly Struck by a Russian Missile?"
3336:
3270:
3252:
2096:
1614:(in German) (revised ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. pp. 115–128.
1445:
1247:
1184:
1153:
1039:
939:
922:
Before the Nazis retreated from Kyiv ahead of the Soviet offensive of 1944, they were ordered by
776:
603:
524:
263:
218:
7424:
7384:
6994:
4612:
3653:
3309:
2151:
1759:
1120:
1111:
of Ukraine hosted a major commemoration of the 65th anniversary in 2006, attended by Presidents
763:, were murdered there on 21 February 1942. Also murdered in 1941 were Ukrainian activist writer
3514:
3500:
8034:
7861:
7789:
7784:
7598:
7419:
7389:
7374:
7164:
7029:
7022:
7015:
6682:
6200:
6171:
6070:
5110:
4924:
4893:
4869:
4710:
4648:
4223:
3780:
3519:
3428:
3418:
3299:
3056:
3041:
3020:
2979:
2872:
2619:
2526:
2498:
2404:
2341:
2304:
2294:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2147:
2088:
2021:
2005:
1955:
1934:
1891:
1814:
1802:
1763:
1685:
1615:
1547:
1520:
1395:
1108:
1104:
986:
931:
881:
848:
673:
Michael Berenbaum: "Statement of Truck-Driver Hofer describing the murder of Jews at Babi Yar"
516:
513:
C commanded by Blobel, under the general command of Friedrich Jeckeln. This unit consisted of
448:
348:
328:
138:
2975:
2704:
2400:
614:
On 29 and 30 September 1941, the Nazis and their collaborators murdered approximately 33,771
8114:
7938:
7892:
7794:
7728:
7644:
7526:
7364:
7304:
7299:
7249:
7194:
7064:
6121:
5961:
5891:
5870:
5615:
5289:
5241:
5118:
4582:
4470:
4408:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4318:
4303:
4203:
3705:
3618:
3439:
2582:
2080:
1806:
1144:
1128:
1093:
1019:
978:
930:, who had been in control of the mass murders in Babi Yar two years earlier, supervised the
833:
599:
573:
worked together with the SS and SD to plan and execute the mass-murder of the Jews of Kyiv.
481:
384:
251:
3154:"Babi Yar and the Nazi Genocide of Roma: Memory Narratives and Memory Practices in Ukraine"
2291:
Die Ermordung der europäischen Juden: Eine umfassende Dokumentation der Holocaust 1941–1945
869:
7988:
7837:
7606:
7531:
7464:
7429:
7309:
7204:
7142:
7043:
6385:
5912:
5898:
5676:
5608:
5426:
5313:
5174:
5095:
4731:
4643:
4638:
4366:
4283:
4047:
3533:
3508:
3061:
3046:
2953:
2899:
2842:
2711:
2653:"Next to Babi Yar: The Syrets Concentration Camp and the Evolution of Nazi Terror in Kiev"
2634:
2365:
2286:
1500:
1314:
1030:. The vast majority of the perpetrators were never tried for their roles in the massacre.
1010:
891:
873:
760:
741:
649:
607:
411:
407:
389:
303:
54:
7998:
7219:
4313:
2122:
1981:
860:
because 90% of the corpses were burned, their ashes were scattered in ravines and fields.
8003:
7671:
7510:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7454:
7354:
7329:
7234:
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7008:
6710:
6178:
6005:
5877:
5849:
5820:
5708:
5601:
5490:
5474:
5450:
5365:
5329:
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5273:
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4561:
4455:
4387:
4356:
4336:
4258:
4233:
4208:
2209:
1752:
736:
was also built in the area, which was notorious for its cruelty and execution of three
694:
493:
162:
7104:
1022:. In 1967, 11 men were charged for participating in the massacre in a German court in
8028:
7953:
7933:
7822:
7738:
7574:
7480:
7449:
7369:
7334:
7224:
7209:
6164:
5968:
5863:
5762:
5739:
5265:
4681:
4587:
4528:
4428:
4418:
4268:
4198:
4193:
4120:
3995:
3946:
3341:
2968:
2393:
2100:
1998:
1747:
1607:
1230:
1052:
Ukrainian postage stamp, released on the 70th anniversary of the massacre in Babi Yar
994:
923:
911:
708:
589:
Order posted in Kyiv in Russian, Ukrainian, and German on or around 26 September 1941
437:
402:
371:
319:
307:
229:
150:
4773:
2358:
7948:
7756:
7733:
7626:
7500:
7439:
7414:
7394:
7349:
7289:
6551:
4546:
4298:
4243:
4037:
3437:"Babi Yar in the mirror of science, or the map of Bermuda Triangle", an article in
3102:"Three Ex-nazis, Charged with Organizing Massacre of Jews at Babi Yar, Go on Trial"
2675:
2326:
1229:
the site was struck by Russian forces while they were trying to destroy the nearby
1112:
1070:
820:
753:
729:
315:
295:
291:
283:
3390:
3128:"80 years after Babi Yar, lawyer seeks trial for last living alleged perpetrator"
3076:"7 Ex-nazis, Including Babi Yar Murderers, Sentenced to Prison for 1941 Killings"
2921:
1822:
1468:
17:
7359:
7314:
7294:
7229:
5798:
5233:
4188:
2864:
1783:
1136:
966:
954:
927:
837:
764:
737:
679:
463:
146:
57:
being used by Germany to cover the mass grave after the massacre, 1 October 1941
1493:
997:
was arrested by US authorities but committed suicide while in custody in 1947.
7817:
7244:
7214:
5580:
4273:
4238:
4213:
3822:
3494:
3484:
2615:
2308:
1161:
1124:
1089:
1056:
1027:
1005:
990:
982:
902:
781:
487:
336:
313:
The decision to murder all the Jews in Kyiv was made by the military governor
142:
48:
2092:
1818:
99:
86:
7444:
5637:
5573:
5434:
3785:
3001:
The Nuremberg SS-Einsatzgruppen Trial, 1945–1958: Atrocity, Law, and History
2780:
2762:
2556:
1202:
1085:
1023:
852:
757:
530:
363:
181:
4073:
3016:
Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front: Reassessing the Great Patriotic War
2809:
2546:
Yury Shapoval, "The Defection of Anatoly Kuznetsov", День, 18 January 2005.
2323:"Statement of Truck-Driver Hofer describing the murder of Jews at Babi Yar"
1859:
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
1494:
Life is not to be sold for a few pieces of silver: The life of Olena Teliha
594:
2215:
The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War
630:
C, consisting of SD and SiPo men, the third company of the Special Duties
610:
translation ordering all Kyivan Jews to assemble for supposed resettlement
418:
cemetery and a Jewish cemetery. The latter was officially closed in 1937.
5305:
4804:
3764:
2084:
1190:
1140:
790:
785:
618:
civilians at Babi Yar. The order to murder the Jews of Kyiv was given to
127:
3539:
3050:
2028:, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, this edition 2006, pp. 97–98.
950:
5594:
1810:
1172:
1132:
275:
207:
100,000–150,000 Jews, Soviet prisoners of war and Romani on later dates
302:
were murdered. Other victims of massacres at the site included Soviet
5905:
5587:
5506:
5150:
4808:
2652:
1116:
374:" to that particular date. It is only surpassed overall by the later
271:
2777:"Шоа. Информационно-аналитический портал - Бабий Яр - сентябрь 1941"
2426:"Yad Vashem tries to name Babi Yar victims, but only 10% identified"
3525:
2627:
1788:"From Berlin to Babi Yar. The Nazi War Against the Jews, 1941–1944"
1575:"Holocaust in Kiev and the Tragedy of Babi Yar | www.yadvashem.org"
1000:
In January 1946, 15 former members of the German police (including
3481:
The Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Beginnings of Mass Murder
1394:) in Ukrainian was at the time not defamatory at all, as noted by
1198:
1164:, Secretary-General of the United Nations, by his representative,
1055:
1047:
949:
868:
796:
718:
593:
989:
was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in the
5566:
4812:
3870:
3596:
1194:
1081:
907:
615:
433:
299:
279:
7108:
4777:
4077:
3999:
3565:
1018:
Two additional perpetrators were given prison sentences at the
815:
1930:
War of Annihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front
1171:, who added a Hebrew prayer O'seh Shalom, from the Mourners'
1099:, between Kyrylivska, Melnykov, and Olena Teliha streets and
3207:. Worldholocaustforum.org. 27 September 2006. Archived from
1352:
Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion
1233:. The attack resulted in the death of at least five people.
1221:
Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion
794:
what he had been told by one of the survivors, Efim Vilkis:
3332:"Russians attack Babyn Yar Holocaust massacre site in Kyiv"
2626:. An excerpt of the article is available at Ada Holtzman, "
3391:"Babyn Yar: Anger as Kyiv's Holocaust memorial is damaged"
3298:. Institute of Ukrainian History NAN Ukraine. p. 18.
2956:
Yad Vashem. Shoa Resource Centre. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
2618:, Sifriat Hapoalim, New York: Macmillan, 1990. 4 volumes.
1382:) used for Jews. The respectful Russian word is "yevrey" (
1189:
In the spring of 1961, Babi Yar was the site of a massive
2869:
The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialisation
2456:"Бабин Яр: два дні – два роки – двадцяте століття /ДЕНЬ/"
1465:"Zionism and Israel – Encyclopedic Dictionary: Babi Yar"
3292:
Smoliy, V. A.; Goryak, G. V.; Danilenko, V. M. (2012).
1639:"Military Tribunal Volume IV "The Einsatzgruppen Case""
1612:
Die Wehrmacht: Feindbilder, Vernichtungskrieg, Legenden
576:
On 26 September 1941, the following order was posted:
538:
battalion, and a platoon of the 9th Police Battalion.
993:, sentenced to death, and hanged on 3 February 1946.
204:
33,771 Jews in initial two-day massacre (29 survived)
3464:
Bibliography of the Soviet Union during World War II
2293:(in German). Munich and Zurich: Piper. p. 123.
7971:
7919:
7901:
7878:
7846:
7808:
7765:
7747:
7719:
7712:
7636:
7566:
7559:
7519:
7473:
7268:
7178:
7157:
7150:
6984:
6957:
6842:
6795:
6731:
6653:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6527:
6448:
6369:
6314:
6292:
6242:
6192:
6156:
6149:
6099:
6055:
6019:
5983:
5834:
5812:
5776:
5747:
5738:
5555:
5410:
5403:
5340:
5209:
5056:
5021:
5014:
4943:
4908:
4853:
4826:
4819:
4695:
4669:
4621:
4570:
4499:
4448:
4441:
4396:
4380:
4327:
4181:
4174:
3969:
3924:
3885:
3773:
3603:
2745:Нюрнбергский процесс, т. III. M., 1958. с. 220–221.
1160:In 2006, a message was also delivered on behalf of
224:
214:
197:
187:
157:
134:
123:
115:
72:
62:
41:
5539:Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
3903:Monument to the Crew of Tarashchanets Armour Train
3469:Bibliography of Ukrainian history § Holocaust
2967:
2392:
1997:
1751:
378:of more than 50,000 Jews (committed by German and
2246:, Judgment, at page 426, quoting exhibit NO-3157.
501:The implementation of the order was entrusted to
1193:. An earthen dam in the ravine was used to hold
529:(SiPo), the third company of the Special Duties
322:, the Police Commander for Army Group South, SS-
2847:
2513:. Archived from the original on 12 January 2010
2485:. Archived from the original on 12 January 2010
2115:"The Holocaust Chronicle: Massacre at Babi Yar"
1389:
1347:Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers
1149:
857:
807:
684:
665:
656:
578:
6883:Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
3251:. Un.org.ua. 27 September 2006. Archived from
2424:Barkat, Amiram; et al. (September 2006).
2017:
2015:
1951:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War
1948:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2001).
7120:
4789:
4089:
4011:
3689:Manor House of the Murashko Family of Artists
3577:
3526:Babi Yar: Killing Ravine of Kyiv Jewry – WWII
2743:
2742:Materials of the Nuremberg Trial in Russian:
2628:Babi Yar: Killing Ravine of Kiev Jewry – WWII
2557:"Бабин яр – Бабий яр – Babij jar – Babyn jar"
1703:
1701:
1407:
1405:
1383:
1377:
723:Luftwaffe aerial photograph of Babi Yar, 1943
228:Possibly the largest two-day massacre during
8:
3678:Grave of Cossack Officers Iskra and Kochubei
2920:Соколовская (Sokolovskaya), Янина (Yanina).
2726:"Blood at Babii Yar – Kiev's Atrocity Story"
2348:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 138–139.
1855:(PDF file, direct download 7.91 MB complete)
1519:. University of Toronto Press. p. 633.
1359:(landform and Nazi massacre site in Poland]]
702:
688:
647:
637:
631:
625:
619:
559:
551:
545:
539:
531:
522:
514:
508:
502:
491:
479:
473:
467:
456:
441:
8105:Massacres of Ukrainians during World War II
3424:Babi Yar: A Document in the Form of a Novel
2974:. New York: Saturday Review Press. p.
2399:. New York: Saturday Review Press. p.
2195:. Vol. 1. Macmillan. pp. 133–136.
8080:Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Ukraine
7716:
7563:
7154:
7127:
7113:
7105:
6981:
6792:
6728:
6650:
6621:
6614:
6524:
6445:
6366:
6311:
6289:
6239:
6189:
6153:
6096:
6052:
6016:
5980:
5831:
5809:
5773:
5744:
5552:
5407:
5337:
5058:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
5053:
5018:
4940:
4850:
4823:
4796:
4782:
4774:
4758:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
4445:
4178:
4096:
4082:
4074:
4018:
4004:
3996:
3584:
3570:
3562:
3060:
3003:. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
2606:
2604:
2204:
2202:
1724:
1722:
1197:pulp which had been pumped from the local
1156:would have come to a different end, maybe.
47:
3722:Oleksandr Dovzhenko National Film Studios
3249:"Full text with post-script by O'Donnell"
3181:. Worldholocaustforum.org. Archived from
2663:(3): 431–459 – via Oxford Academic.
1954:. Harvard University Press. p. 141.
1659:
1657:
926:to conceal their atrocities in the East.
748:Gypsy camps. Patients of the Ivan Pavlov
4878:Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
3491:Marking 70 Years to Operation Barbarossa
2871:. Indiana University Press. p. 12.
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
1933:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 95.
1633:
1631:
1488:
1486:
7080:Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus
4687:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
3593:National landmarks of cultural heritage
2822:Нюрнбергский Процесс. Документ СССР-9.
2054:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1431:
1369:
819:] to form the foundation of a huge
282:and a site of massacres carried out by
3796:Church Foundation of Fedoriv Monastery
3702:Mykhailo Hrushevsky House of Residence
2524:
2496:
2218:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p.
2152:"Babi Yar: The tragedy of Kiev's Jews"
1907:"Remembering the Kyiv Inferno, 1941".
1311:In Memoriam to the Martyrs of Babi Yar
38:
7614:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
6747:Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
4404:Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations
3745:Building of the First Private Museum
3152:Kotljarchuk, Andrej (30 April 2022).
2928:from the original on 17 February 2008
2267:from the original on 18 February 2015
2172:from the original on 28 November 2007
1888:"Vulytsi Kyeva" (The Streets of Kyiv)
1886:Anatoliy Kudrytsky, editor-in-chief,
1754:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
1664:Kruglov, Aleksandr Iosifovič (2011).
880:One of the most often-cited parts of
7:
6899:Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
6489:Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack
3756:Taras Shevchenko House of Residence
3753:Kyiv Museum of Russian Arts Building
3661:Taras Shevchenko National University
3637:Taras Shevchenko House of Residence
3389:Wertheimer, Tiffany (3 March 2022).
3363:Veidlinger, Jeffrey (8 March 2022).
2836:"The Defection of Anatoly Kuznetsov"
2686:from the original on 29 October 2013
2589:from the original on 19 January 2012
2359:Operational Situation Report No. 101
1868:from the original on 19 October 2013
1758:. Harvard University Press. p.
1602:
1600:
4634:Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph
3611:Mikhail Bulgakov House of Residence
2904:Heritage: Civilization and the Jews
2893:A Survivor of the Babi Yar Massacre
2511:"«Бабин Яр»: доля тексту та автора"
2483:"'Бабин Яр': доля тексту та автора"
1861:. Penguin Books. pp. 135–142.
740:football players who played in the
569:under the command of Field Marshal
8140:World War II sites of Nazi Germany
4027:National Historic Reserves in Kyiv
3675:Vincent Chvojka House of Residence
3626:Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
3520:The Massacre at Babi Yar Near Kyiv
3019:. Pen and Sword. 19 January 2020.
2614:, Israel Gutman, editor in chief,
2004:. New York: Bantam Books. p.
1253:Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center
1044:Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center
977:. He was hanged on 7 June 1951 at
828:Number of people who were murdered
598:Notice dated 28 September 1941 in
25:
6891:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
6640:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
6633:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
3875:Yurkovytsia Settlement and Burial
3731:Lesya Ukrainka House of Residence
3728:Mykola Lysenko House of Residence
3552:, 15 August 2002 (a reprint from
2714:by Jennifer Rosenberg (about.com)
2563:from the original on 8 March 2012
2480:Юрій Шаповал (27 February 2009),
2462:from the original on 5 April 2005
2458:. day.kyiv.ua. 28 November 2007.
1795:Journal of Religion & Society
788:. Downs described in a report to
6867:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
6768:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
6690:Matza restaurant suicide bombing
2436:from the original on 23 May 2011
1439:Hoffman, Avi (23 October 2011).
556:-SS battalion. Contrary to the "
440:, the military governor, and SS-
27:Ravine and massacre site in Kyiv
8009:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
6986:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
6085:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
4886:Jewish revolt against Heraclius
3897:Monument to Mykhailo Hrushevsky
2724:Downs, Bill (6 December 1943).
1986:The Holocaust Chronicle. p. 270
1503:", Ukrainian Youth Association.
1295:Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs
1290:Mass graves in the Soviet Union
938:was carried out earlier in all
934:in eliminating its traces. The
8075:Holocaust locations in Ukraine
7775:Burning of the Riga synagogues
6676:Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
6505:Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
5515:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
3845:Kyrylivska Archaeological Site
3698:Column of the Magdeburg Rights
3421:), trans. David Floyd (1970),
3340:. 1 March 2022. Archived from
2657:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
2257:"The dark secrets of Babi Yar"
2073:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
1411:While the witness referred to
1327:, which includes a setting of
1268:History of the Jews in Ukraine
842:Extraordinary State Commission
756:and her husband, and renowned
1:
8135:World War II sites in Ukraine
8100:Massacres in the Soviet Union
6923:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
6592:Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
4578:Bogdanovka concentration camp
3909:Monument to Alexander Pushkin
3867:Fine court of Prince Vsevolod
3848:Theotokos Church Foundations
2999:Earl, Hilary Camille (2009).
2970:Six Presidents, Too Many Wars
2759:""Babi Yar – September 1941""
2612:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
2395:Six Presidents, Too Many Wars
2377:Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
2242:Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
2193:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
1513:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996).
767:, his sister, and his staff.
410:Monastery. The word "yar" is
347:C, along with the aid of the
8145:Historic reserves in Ukraine
8060:Eastern Front (World War II)
6875:Jerusalem synagogue massacre
6782:Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
6560:Dizengoff Street bus bombing
4992:Massacres at London and York
4598:Vapniarka concentration camp
3900:Monument to Taras Shevchenko
3859:Foundations of Stone Church
3799:St.George Church Foundations
3793:Foundation and Wall Remnants
3748:Bohdan and Varvara Khanenkos
3654:Building of Pedagogic Museum
3648:National Academy of Sciences
3615:Darnytsia concentration camp
3546:"History. Geography. Memory"
2610:Shmuel Spector, "Babi Yar,"
2368:(einsatzgruppenarchives.com)
1890:, Ukrainska Entsyklopediya,
1285:List of massacres in Ukraine
1225:On 1 March 2022, during the
392:with 42,000–43,000 victims.
376:October 1941 Odessa massacre
7620:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
7285:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
6323:Night of the Murdered Poets
4718:She Paid the Ultimate Price
4608:Janowska concentration camp
4126:Related articles by country
3913:Bohdan Khmelnytsky Monument
3856:Settlement at Shchekavytsia
3842:City of Izyaslav Svyatopolk
3810:St.Irina Church Foundations
2910:). Gilbert (1985): 204–205.
2651:Aristov, Stanislav (2015).
1996:Khrushchev, Nikita (1971).
1579:historical-background3.html
1227:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1215:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1084:at the juncture of today's
971:Subsequent Nuremberg Trials
959:subsequent Nuremberg trials
836:in 1946, Soviet prosecutor
801:A barbed wire fence of the
422:Massacres of September 1941
8161:
8120:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
8110:Nazi war crimes in Ukraine
7680:Lithuanian Security Police
6754:Davidka Square bus bombing
6465:Antwerp summer camp attack
6339:Shafrir synagogue shooting
6042:Operation Harvest Festival
5151:Massacre of the Assumption
4704:Luboml: My Heart Remembers
4603:Pechora concentration camp
4487:Ukrainian People's Militia
4476:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
3977:Cathedral of St. Alexander
3917:Monument to Mykola Shchors
3906:Monument to Lesya Ukrainka
3713:Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
3515:In-depth study on Babi Yar
3511:) (history1900s.about.com)
1540:Karel C. Berkhoff (2008).
1305:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
1218:
1212:
1182:
1037:
851:commented on the Babi Yar
425:
359:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
172:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
29:
7583:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
6820:Tel Aviv shawarma bombing
6775:Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
6697:Hebrew University bombing
6418:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
6378:Avivim school bus bombing
6301:Menarsha synagogue attack
6265:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
4748:
4593:Syrets concentration camp
4557:Pripyat Marshes massacres
4111:
4033:
3893:Prince Volodymyr Monument
3828:Old Ruthenian Settlement
3742:Memorial of Militsiya Men
3634:Konstantin Ushinsky Grave
3631:Kyiv Theological Seminary
3412:General and cited sources
2848:
2841:January 13, 2009, at the
2744:
2531:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2503:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2159:Brandeis Graduate Journal
1390:
1384:
1378:
918:Concealment of the crimes
910:who were murdered during
803:Syrets concentration camp
734:Syrets concentration camp
654:reported two days later:
267:
255:
234:Syrets concentration camp
192:Syrets concentration camp
46:
32:Babi Yar (disambiguation)
8085:Jewish Ukrainian history
8050:1941 in the Soviet Union
7833:Ninth Fort November 1941
7435:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
7190:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
6947:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing
6931:Poway synagogue shooting
6828:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
6662:Ghriba synagogue bombing
6584:Island of Peace massacre
6035:Kielce cemetery massacre
4763:Transnistria Governorate
4655:The Last Jew in Vinnitsa
4481:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
4414:Hermann Friedrich Graebe
4289:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
4105:The Holocaust in Ukraine
3957:Zvirynets Fortifications
3532:30 December 2012 at the
2559:. 1000years.uazone.net.
2346:Witness to the Holocaust
1848:Browning, Christopher R.
1273:The Holocaust in Ukraine
1169:Francis Martin O'Donnell
478:C, and his superior, SS-
7255:Franz Walter Stahlecker
6481:Vienna synagogue attack
6457:Paris synagogue bombing
5701:The Bloody Day in Jaffa
3960:Vasylkiv Fortifications
3947:Hospital Fortifications
3548:by Tatyana Yevstafyeva
2966:Lawrence, Bill (1972).
2952:8 November 2015 at the
2391:Lawrence, Bill (1972).
2364:7 December 2006 at the
2191:Gutman, Israel (1990).
2119:The Holocaust Chronicle
1441:"A Museum for Babi Yar"
1243:Antisemitism in Ukraine
355:Order Police battalions
168:Order Police battalions
8130:World War II massacres
8090:Mass graves in Ukraine
8014:Einsatzgruppen reports
7979:List of Einsatzgruppen
7828:Kaunas 29 October 1941
7325:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
6804:Beersheba bus bombings
6410:Kiryat Shmona massacre
6331:Scorpion Pass massacre
6028:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
5459:Second Kishinev pogrom
5199:Portuguese Inquisition
4843:2nd Alexandrian pogrom
2680:Occupation of the East
2381:, Judgment, at p. 430.
2050:Holocaust Encyclopedia
1258:Consequences of Nazism
1158:
1061:
1053:
962:
877:
862:
825:
805:
724:
703:
699:
689:
676:
661:
648:
638:
632:
626:
620:
611:
592:
560:
552:
546:
540:
532:
523:
515:
509:
503:
492:
480:
474:
468:
457:
442:
343:4a as the sub-unit of
8125:September 1941 events
7911:Kremnička and Nemecká
7380:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
6704:Rishon LeZion bombing
6426:Coastal Road massacre
5427:First Kishinev pogrom
5218:Chmielnicki massacres
5127:Schaffhausen Massacre
5046:Armleder persecutions
5000:Rintfleisch massacres
4739:Word of the Righteous
4524:Bila Tserkva massacre
4466:Police Regiment South
4309:Hans Graf von Sponeck
3951:Citadel with Bastions
3737:Park "Vichnoyi Slavy"
3666:Nikolai Vatutin Grave
3501:Babi Yar: Mass Murder
3427:, Jonathan Cape Ltd.
3132:www.timesofisrael.com
2537:Літакцент, 2007-2009.
1925:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
1801:. The Kripke Center,
1219:Further information:
1101:St. Cyril's Monastery
1059:
1051:
953:
884:'s documentary novel
872:
811:Russian war prisoners
800:
722:
646:The commander of the
597:
428:Battle of Kiev (1941)
396:Historical background
219:On site and elsewhere
100:50.47139°N 30.44889°E
7994:Einsatzgruppen trial
7856:Operation Tannenberg
7537:Antanas Impulevičius
7410:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
6939:Jersey City shooting
6812:Ashdod Port bombings
6394:Lod Airport massacre
6355:Purge of Polish Jews
6279:Kfar Etzion massacre
5785:Częstochowa massacre
5546:1920 Nebi Musa riots
5366:Fourth Odessa pogrom
5322:Second Odessa pogrom
4677:Einsatzgruppen trial
4461:Nachtigall Battalion
4424:Klymentiy Sheptytsky
4279:Walter von Reichenau
4264:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
3932:Andriyivskyy Descent
3672:Monitor Zhelezniakov
3669:Lukianivske Cemetery
3623:Manor House Complex
3507:21 July 2006 at the
3369:Smithsonian Magazine
3312:on 28 September 2017
3161:Nationalities Papers
2783:on 29 September 2007
2765:on 29 September 2007
2757:Kremenetsky, Iosif.
2710:11 June 2007 at the
2639:We Remember! Shalom!
2379:Einsatzgruppen trial
2244:Einsatzgruppen trial
2000:Khrushchev Remembers
1911:. 25 September 2016.
1516:A History of Ukraine
1492:Ludmyla Yurchenko, "
1388:). The word "zhyd" (
1300:Operation Barbarossa
1263:Genocides in history
1209:2022 Russian bombing
1166:Resident Coordinator
975:Einsatzgruppen Trial
894:, an actress of the
890:is the testimony of
750:Psychiatric Hospital
571:Walter von Reichenau
453:SS and Police Leader
434:Soviet secret police
388:of November 1943 in
119:29–30 September 1941
30:For other uses, see
7944:Kamianets-Podilskyi
7888:Gully of Petrushino
7405:Gustav Adolf Nosske
7240:Friedrich Panzinger
7170:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
6761:Café Hillel bombing
6129:Tripolitania pogrom
5927:Kamianets-Podilskyi
5451:Fifth Odessa pogrom
5389:1898 Algerian riots
5330:Third Odessa pogrom
5274:First Odessa pogrom
5159:Spanish Inquisition
5135:Moroccan revolution
5015:14th – 19th century
4945:Rhineland massacres
4661:Deutsche Volksliste
4542:Kamianets-Podilskyi
4254:Hans von Obstfelder
4249:Gustav Adolf Nosske
4229:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
4058:Lukianivka Cemetery
4053:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
3684:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
3645:Presidium Building
3555:The Jewish Observer
2674:ARC (9 July 2006).
2583:"Kiev and Babi Yar"
2046:"Kiev and Babi Yar"
2026:The World Must Know
1984:on 29 October 2013.
1978:"1941: Mass Murder"
1852:"Arrival in Poland"
1647:Library of Congress
1471:on 27 December 2014
1329:Yevgeny Yevtushenko
1325:Dmitri Shostakovich
1067:Yevgeny Yevtushenko
940:extermination camps
896:Kyiv Puppet Theatre
96: /
7591:Sicherheitspolizei
7547:Algirdas Klimaitis
7345:Friedrich Buchardt
7260:Bruno Streckenbach
6859:Burgas bus bombing
6544:Crown Heights riot
6497:Ras Burqa massacre
6208:Haifa Oil Refinery
6064:Ardeatine massacre
5999:Dzyatlava massacre
5419:Częstochowa pogrom
5030:Shepherds' Crusade
4835:Alexandrian pogrom
4820:1st – 13th century
4725:The Lemberg Mosaic
4372:Petro Zakhvalynsky
4269:Paul Otto Radomski
3984:Sahaidachny Street
3981:Residential House
3836:Church Foundations
3813:Kytayiv Settlement
3802:Palace Foundation
3522:(historyplace.com)
3337:The Jerusalem Post
2898:2008-03-14 at the
2853:, 18 January 2005.
2812:on 6 December 2007
2682:. Deathcamps.org.
2676:"The KZ in Syrets"
2633:2012-12-30 at the
2342:Berenbaum, Michael
2263:. 2 October 1998.
2148:Khiterer, Victoria
2128:on 29 October 2013
2085:10.1093/hgs/dcm001
2060:on 3 January 2007.
2022:Berenbaum, Michael
1499:2007-08-14 at the
1446:The Jerusalem Post
1248:Babi Yar in poetry
1185:Kurenivka mudslide
1154:Wannsee Conference
1062:
1060:The ravine in 2003
1054:
1040:Babi Yar memorials
963:
878:
806:
777:The New York Times
725:
612:
558:myth of the clean
525:Sicherheitspolizei
416:Orthodox Christian
105:50.47139; 30.44889
8095:Massacres in 1941
8022:
8021:
7967:
7966:
7862:Intelligenzaktion
7708:
7707:
7699:Ypatingasis būrys
7599:Sicherheitsdienst
7555:
7554:
7420:Martin Sandberger
7390:Walter Kutschmann
7375:Friedrich Jeckeln
7165:Reinhard Heydrich
7102:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7074:
7073:
6915:Halamish stabbing
6907:Tel Aviv shooting
6838:
6837:
6791:
6790:
6727:
6726:
6683:Passover massacre
6649:
6648:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6568:Beit Lid massacre
6523:
6522:
6444:
6443:
6434:Nahariya massacre
6365:
6364:
6310:
6309:
6288:
6287:
6238:
6237:
6201:Fajja bus attacks
6188:
6187:
6145:
6144:
6095:
6094:
6051:
6050:
6015:
6014:
5979:
5978:
5830:
5829:
5808:
5807:
5772:
5771:
5756:Tiberias massacre
5685:Constantine riots
5632:
5631:
5557:Russian Civil War
5399:
5398:
5375:
5374:
5111:Brussels massacre
5105:
5104:
5010:
5009:
4978:
4977:
4904:
4903:
4894:Battle of Khaybar
4870:Bar Kokhba revolt
4771:
4770:
4711:No Place on Earth
4649:Sonderaktion 1005
4535:Durchgangsstrasse
4495:
4494:
4437:
4436:
4224:Friedrich Jeckeln
4071:
4070:
3993:
3992:
3790:City of Volodymyr
3781:Bourgogne Theatre
3734:Memorial Complex
3718:Building Complex
3710:Building Complex
3681:Building Complex
3658:Building Complex
3445:The Mirror Weekly
3419:Anatoly Kuznetsov
3305:978-966-02-6392-5
3082:. 3 December 1968
3042:Babi Yar. Context
2878:978-0-253-35084-8
2705:Babi Yar (Page 2)
1940:978-0-7425-4481-9
1803:Towson University
1691:978-966-383-346-0
1543:Babi Yar Massacre
1526:978-0-8020-7820-9
1396:Nikita Khrushchev
1364:Explanatory notes
1109:Viktor Yushchenko
1105:Orange Revolution
987:Friedrich Jeckeln
932:Sonderaktion 1005
882:Anatoly Kuznetsov
849:Anatoly Kuznetsov
715:Further massacres
517:Sicherheitsdienst
449:Friedrich Jeckeln
444:Obergruppenführer
329:Friedrich Jeckeln
325:Obergruppenführer
306:, communists and
286:'s forces during
240:
239:
139:Friedrich Jeckeln
18:Babi Yar massacre
16:(Redirected from
8152:
7893:Zmievskaya Balka
7823:Kaunas June 1941
7780:Dünamünde Action
7717:
7645:Schutzmannschaft
7564:
7365:Erich Isselhorst
7305:Wolfgang Birkner
7300:Ernst Biberstein
7272:Einsatzkommandos
7250:Heinrich Seetzen
7195:Walther Bierkamp
7155:
7143:Einsatzkommandos
7129:
7122:
7115:
7106:
7091:
7088:Dagestan attacks
7083:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6982:
6977:
6974:Beersheba attack
6969:
6950:
6942:
6934:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6894:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6862:
6854:
6831:
6823:
6815:
6807:
6793:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6729:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6651:
6642:
6635:
6622:
6615:
6595:
6587:
6579:
6571:
6563:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6536:Cairo bus attack
6525:
6516:
6508:
6500:
6492:
6484:
6476:
6468:
6460:
6446:
6437:
6429:
6421:
6413:
6405:
6402:Ma'alot massacre
6397:
6389:
6381:
6367:
6358:
6350:
6342:
6334:
6326:
6312:
6303:
6290:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6240:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6190:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6154:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6115:Topoľčany pogrom
6110:
6108:Deutsch Schützen
6097:
6088:
6080:
6078:Sărmașu massacre
6073:
6066:
6053:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6017:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5992:Dünamünde Action
5981:
5972:
5964:
5957:
5955:Kaunas (October)
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5832:
5823:
5810:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5774:
5765:
5758:
5745:
5731:
5729:
5712:
5704:
5696:
5688:
5680:
5672:
5664:
5656:
5654:
5641:
5638:Zavirtcha pogrom
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5553:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5510:
5502:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5470:
5467:Białystok pogrom
5462:
5454:
5446:
5438:
5430:
5422:
5408:
5392:
5384:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5338:
5333:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5258:Algiers massacre
5253:
5245:
5242:Massacre of Uman
5237:
5229:
5221:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5170:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5114:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5054:
5049:
5041:
5033:
5019:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4941:
4936:
4933:Granada massacre
4928:
4920:
4917:Córdoba massacre
4897:
4889:
4881:
4873:
4865:
4862:The Great Revolt
4851:
4846:
4838:
4824:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4775:
4754:
4629:Graebe affidavit
4583:Drohobycz Ghetto
4471:Schutzmannschaft
4446:
4409:Aleksei Glagolev
4362:Hryhoriy Vasiura
4352:Vladimir Katriuk
4347:Anatoliy Kabayda
4342:Feodor Fedorenko
4319:Dieter Wisliceny
4304:Heinrich Seetzen
4219:Günther Herrmann
4204:Hermann Fegelein
4179:
4127:
4117:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4075:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3997:
3816:City of Yaroslav
3706:Askoldova Mohyla
3640:Vyshhorod Street
3619:Baikove Cemetery
3586:
3579:
3572:
3563:
3551:
3453:
3449:available online
3440:Dzerkalo Tyzhnia
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3308:. Archived from
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3273:on 15 March 2012
3269:. Archived from
3264:
3262:
3260:
3255:on 15 March 2012
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3229:on 11 March 2012
3225:. Archived from
3220:
3218:
3216:
3211:on 11 March 2012
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2973:
2963:
2957:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2917:
2911:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2779:. Archived from
2774:
2772:
2770:
2761:. Archived from
2754:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2721:
2715:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2648:
2642:
2608:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2398:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2325:. Archived from
2319:
2313:
2312:
2287:Longerich, Peter
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2156:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2121:. Archived from
2111:
2105:
2104:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:. Archived from
2042:
2029:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1980:. Archived from
1974:
1968:
1965:
1944:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1856:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1821:. Archived from
1792:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1757:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:on 4 August 2019
1581:. Archived from
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1510:
1504:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1467:. Archived from
1461:
1455:
1454:
1453:on 26 June 2013.
1449:. Archived from
1436:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1342:
1145:Yisrael Meir Lau
1020:Nuremberg Trials
979:Landsberg Prison
834:Nuremberg trials
706:
692:
674:
653:
641:
635:
629:
623:
590:
563:
555:
549:
543:
535:
528:
520:
512:
506:
497:
485:
477:
471:
462:
459:Standartenführer
447:
385:Aktion Erntefest
304:prisoners of war
269:
257:
250:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
65:
51:
39:
21:
8160:
8159:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8150:
8149:
8070:Execution sites
8055:1941 in Ukraine
8045:1941 in Judaism
8025:
8024:
8023:
8018:
7989:Commissar Order
7963:
7915:
7897:
7874:
7842:
7804:
7800:Liepāja (Šķēde)
7761:
7743:
7704:
7632:
7607:Ordnungspolizei
7551:
7532:Herberts Cukurs
7515:
7469:
7465:Udo von Woyrsch
7430:Hermann Schaper
7425:Emanuel Schäfer
7400:Josef Meisinger
7385:Wolfgang Kügler
7310:Helmut Bischoff
7277:Sonderkommandos
7275:
7270:
7264:
7205:Erich Ehrlinger
7180:
7174:
7146:
7133:
7103:
7094:
7086:
7078:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6980:
6972:
6964:
6953:
6945:
6937:
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6897:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6849:
6834:
6826:
6818:
6810:
6802:
6787:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6645:
6638:
6631:
6598:
6590:
6582:
6574:
6566:
6558:
6550:
6542:
6534:
6519:
6511:
6503:
6495:
6487:
6479:
6473:Antwerp bombing
6471:
6463:
6455:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6408:
6400:
6392:
6386:Munich massacre
6384:
6376:
6361:
6353:
6345:
6337:
6329:
6321:
6306:
6299:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6091:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5975:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5826:
5819:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5768:
5761:
5754:
5734:
5719:
5715:
5707:
5699:
5691:
5683:
5677:Campbell pogrom
5675:
5669:Hebron massacre
5667:
5659:
5648:
5644:
5636:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5481:
5473:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5435:Zablotov pogrom
5433:
5425:
5417:
5395:
5387:
5379:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5314:Damascus affair
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5205:
5197:
5189:
5181:
5175:Lisbon massacre
5173:
5165:
5157:
5149:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5052:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4939:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4849:
4841:
4833:
4815:
4802:
4772:
4767:
4752:
4744:
4732:The White Hotel
4691:
4665:
4644:Generalplan Ost
4639:Katzmann Report
4617:
4613:Priest's Grotto
4566:
4552:Odessa massacre
4491:
4433:
4392:
4376:
4367:Petro Voinovsky
4323:
4284:Walter Schimana
4170:
4125:
4115:
4107:
4102:
4072:
4067:
4048:Bykivnia Graves
4029:
4024:
3994:
3989:
3965:
3954:Lysohirsky Fort
3920:
3881:
3819:Zvirynets Caves
3769:
3759:Shevchenko Lane
3599:
3590:
3549:
3542:(berdichev.org)
3534:Wayback Machine
3509:Wayback Machine
3477:
3460:
3458:Further reading
3451:
3414:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3344:on 1 March 2022
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3306:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3185:on 20 June 2013
3177:
3176:
3172:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3047:Sergey Loznitsa
3045:2021, director
3038:
3034:
3027:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2954:Wayback Machine
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2900:Wayback Machine
2890:
2886:
2879:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2843:Wayback Machine
2834:Yury Shapoval,
2833:
2829:
2823:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2737:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2712:Wayback Machine
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2635:Wayback Machine
2609:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2366:Wayback Machine
2357:
2353:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2301:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2210:Gilbert, Martin
2208:
2207:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2020:
2013:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1828:on 5 March 2009
1825:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1681:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1501:Wayback Machine
1491:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1357:Valley of Death
1336:
1321:Symphony No. 13
1315:Dmitri Klebanov
1309:Symphony No. 1
1279:The Kindly Ones
1239:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1187:
1181:
1121:Filip Vujanović
1075:Symphony No. 13
1046:
1038:Main articles:
1036:
1011:Reichskommissar
1008:, who had been
948:
920:
892:Dina Pronicheva
874:Dina Pronicheva
867:
830:
761:Mykhailo Teliha
717:
675:
672:
650:Einsatzkommando
591:
588:
490:, commander of
466:, commander of
430:
424:
398:
390:occupied Poland
380:Romanian troops
246:
210:
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
63:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8158:
8156:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8065:Einsatzgruppen
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8027:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8004:Korherr Report
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7984:The Black Book
7981:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7925:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7884:
7882:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7852:
7850:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7814:
7812:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7771:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7753:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7695:
7690:
7682:
7677:
7669:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7623:
7616:
7611:
7603:
7595:
7587:
7579:
7570:
7568:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7542:Konrāds Kalējs
7539:
7534:
7529:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7511:Albert Widmann
7508:
7506:Heinz Schubert
7503:
7498:
7496:Emil Haussmann
7493:
7491:Joachim Hamann
7488:
7486:Lothar Fendler
7483:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7455:Eduard Strauch
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7355:Gerhard Flesch
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7330:Otto Bradfisch
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7235:Otto Ohlendorf
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7182:Einsatzgruppen
7179:Commanders of
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7159:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7137:Einsatzgruppen
7134:
7132:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7109:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7084:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6990:
6988:
6979:
6978:
6970:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6943:
6935:
6927:
6919:
6911:
6903:
6895:
6887:
6879:
6871:
6863:
6855:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6824:
6816:
6808:
6799:
6797:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6735:
6733:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6714:
6711:Matzuva attack
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6657:
6655:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6636:
6628:
6626:
6619:
6612:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6588:
6580:
6576:Purim massacre
6572:
6564:
6556:
6548:
6540:
6531:
6529:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6513:Purim stabbing
6509:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6452:
6450:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6430:
6422:
6414:
6406:
6398:
6390:
6382:
6373:
6371:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6351:
6347:Tripoli pogrom
6343:
6335:
6327:
6318:
6316:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6296:
6294:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6275:
6272:Cairo bombings
6268:
6261:
6254:
6246:
6244:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6196:
6194:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6160:
6158:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6103:
6101:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6081:
6074:
6071:Luduș massacre
6067:
6059:
6057:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6006:Sarny massacre
6002:
5995:
5987:
5985:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5836:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5821:Dorohoi pogrom
5816:
5814:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5795:
5792:Dynów massacre
5788:
5780:
5778:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5759:
5751:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5713:
5709:Przytyk pogrom
5705:
5697:
5693:Thrace pogroms
5689:
5681:
5673:
5665:
5661:Safed massacre
5657:
5642:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5560:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5475:Siedlce pogrom
5471:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5414:
5412:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5385:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5347:
5345:
5342:Russian Empire
5335:
5334:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5298:Safed massacre
5294:
5286:
5278:
5270:
5262:
5254:
5250:Tétouan pogrom
5246:
5238:
5230:
5226:Safed massacre
5222:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5187:
5179:
5171:
5163:
5155:
5147:
5143:Cordoba pogrom
5139:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5063:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5038:Navarre pogrom
5034:
5025:
5023:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4996:
4988:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4950:
4948:
4938:
4937:
4929:
4921:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4857:
4855:
4854:Jewish revolts
4848:
4847:
4839:
4830:
4828:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4562:Sarny massacre
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4456:Einsatzgruppen
4452:
4450:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4388:Tatiana Markus
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Vasyl Meleshko
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:John Demjanjuk
4333:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Heinz Schubert
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4259:Otto Ohlendorf
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4234:Fritz Katzmann
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Lothar Fendler
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4063:Sophia of Kyiv
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3943:Kyiv Fortress
3941:
3940:
3939:
3928:
3926:
3925:Urban planning
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3886:Monumental art
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:Klov Monastery
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3708:
3703:
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3476:
3475:External links
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:(in Ukrainian)
3447:), July 2005,
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2409:
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2329:on 6 June 2007
2314:
2299:
2289:, ed. (1989).
2278:
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2183:
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2063:
2030:
2011:
1988:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1914:
1899:
1879:
1839:
1775:
1768:
1739:
1718:
1697:
1690:
1653:
1627:
1620:
1608:Wette, Wolfram
1596:
1566:
1553:978-0253001597
1552:
1532:
1525:
1505:
1482:
1456:
1430:
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1238:
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1213:Main article:
1210:
1207:
1183:Main article:
1180:
1177:
1035:
1032:
947:
944:
919:
916:
866:
863:
829:
826:
742:Match of Death
716:
713:
709:ethnic Germans
695:submachine gun
670:
639:Sonderkommando
621:Sonderkommando
586:
541:Sonderkommando
504:Sonderkommando
469:Sonderkommando
423:
420:
397:
394:
361:backed by the
341:Sonderkommando
238:
237:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
205:
201:
199:
195:
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189:
185:
184:
177:Sonderkommando
163:Einsatzgruppen
159:
155:
154:
136:
132:
131:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
80:, Soviet Union
74:
70:
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60:
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52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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8040:1940s in Kyiv
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8030:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
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8000:
7997:
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7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7954:Mizocz Ghetto
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7934:Drobytsky Yar
7932:
7930:
7927:
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7922:
7918:
7912:
7909:
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7904:
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7772:
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7758:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7739:Slutsk Affair
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7729:Łachwa Ghetto
7727:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7718:
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7711:
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7601:
7600:
7596:
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7580:
7577:
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7575:Schutzstaffel
7572:
7571:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7558:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7527:Viktors Arājs
7525:
7524:
7522:
7520:Collaborators
7518:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7481:August Becker
7479:
7478:
7476:
7474:Other members
7472:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7450:Eugen Steimle
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
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7408:
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7398:
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7376:
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7371:
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7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7335:Werner Braune
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7273:
7269:Commanders of
7267:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7225:Erich Naumann
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7210:Wilhelm Fuchs
7208:
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7201:
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7077:
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7059:
7055:
7052:
7048:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7037:Netiv HaAsara
7034:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7006:
7003:
7002:Ein HaShlosha
6999:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6989:
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6892:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6851:Itamar attack
6848:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6829:
6825:
6821:
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6809:
6805:
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6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6719:
6718:Hebron ambush
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6669:Hadera attack
6666:
6663:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6641:
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6634:
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6324:
6320:
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6313:
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6297:
6295:
6291:
6280:
6276:
6273:
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6266:
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6259:
6255:
6252:
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6247:
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6241:
6230:
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6223:
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6212:
6209:
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6198:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6180:
6176:
6173:
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6166:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6122:Kraków pogrom
6119:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6086:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5970:
5969:The Holocaust
5966:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5948:Švenčionėliai
5945:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5864:Kaunas (June)
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5800:
5799:Silc massacre
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5764:
5763:Kristallnacht
5760:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5647:
5646:Oradea pogrom
5643:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5523:Kielce pogrom
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5483:Shiraz pogrom
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5290:Hebron pogrom
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5266:Hep-Hep riots
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5183:Hebron pogrom
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4682:Kharkov Trial
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Mizocz Ghetto
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:Drobytsky Yar
4527:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4442:Organizations
4440:
4430:
4429:Yurii Sokolov
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Omelyan Kovch
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4329:Collaborators
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Kurt Eberhard
4197:
4195:
4194:Werner Braune
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4121:The Holocaust
4119:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:Yurkiv Street
3861:
3860:
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3536:) (zchor.org)
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3167:(3): 452–453.
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2585:. Ushmm.org.
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2018:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1979:
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1961:0-674-00680-1
1957:
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1936:
1932:
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1918:
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1897:
1896:5-88500-070-0
1893:
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1850:(1992–1998).
1849:
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1769:9780674022133
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1748:Wolfram Wette
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1228:
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1126:
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995:Kurt Eberhard
992:
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984:
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976:
972:
968:
960:
956:
952:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
924:Wilhelm Koppe
917:
915:
913:
912:the Holocaust
909:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
888:
883:
875:
871:
864:
861:
856:
854:
850:
845:
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817:
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799:
795:
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792:
787:
783:
779:
778:
773:
772:Bill Lawrence
768:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
721:
714:
712:
710:
705:
704:Einsatzgruppe
698:
696:
691:
690:Schutzpolizei
683:
681:
669:
664:
660:
655:
652:
651:
644:
640:
634:
628:
627:Einsatzgruppe
622:
617:
609:
605:
601:
596:
585:
582:
577:
574:
572:
568:
564:
562:
554:
548:
547:Einsatzgruppe
542:
537:
534:
527:
526:
519:
518:
511:
510:Einsatzgruppe
505:
499:
496:
495:
494:Einsatzgruppe
489:
484:
483:
482:Brigadeführer
476:
475:Einsatzgruppe
470:
465:
461:
460:
454:
450:
446:
445:
439:
438:Kurt Eberhard
435:
429:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:
395:
393:
391:
387:
386:
381:
377:
373:
372:the Holocaust
368:
366:
365:
360:
356:
352:
351:
346:
345:Einsatzgruppe
342:
338:
334:
333:Einsatzgruppe
330:
327:
326:
321:
320:Kurt Eberhard
318:
317:
311:
309:
308:Romani people
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
265:
261:
253:
249:
244:
235:
231:
230:the Holocaust
227:
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206:
203:
202:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
178:
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169:
165:
164:
160:
158:Organizations
156:
152:
151:Kurt Eberhard
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:, mass murder
129:
126:
124:Incident type
122:
118:
114:
109:
79:
78:Ukrainian SSR
75:
71:
67:
64:Also known as
61:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7999:Jäger Report
7949:Lviv pogroms
7928:
7868:
7860:
7757:Kalevi-Liiva
7734:Minsk Ghetto
7697:
7686:Rollkommando
7685:
7673:
7643:
7627:Sonderdienst
7625:
7618:
7605:
7597:
7589:
7586: (RSHA)
7581:
7573:
7501:Felix Landau
7460:Martin Weiss
7440:Erwin Schulz
7415:Walter Rauff
7395:Rudolf Lange
7350:Ernst Damzog
7340:Karl Brunner
7320:Walter Blume
7290:Gerhard Bast
7276:
7271:
7220:Bruno Müller
7181:
7141:
7135:
6966:Israel riots
6958:2020–present
6611:21st century
6552:AMIA bombing
6136:Cairo pogrom
5933:
5717:Brest pogrom
5507:Skver pogrom
5404:20th century
5381:Corfu pogrom
5282:Tzfat pogrom
5191:Safed pogrom
5167:Arles pogrom
5119:1391 pogroms
4984:Ham massacre
4925:Fez massacre
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4696:Books, films
4653:
4547:Lviv pogroms
4534:
4511:
4449:Perpetrators
4314:Otto Wächter
4299:Erwin Schulz
4244:Felix Landau
4182:Perpetrators
4116:Main article
4042:
4038:Ancient Kyiv
3970:Architecture
3937:Zamkova Hora
3805:Irene Street
3692:
3553:
3550:(in Russian)
3444:
3438:
3422:
3417:A. Anatoli (
3400:30 September
3398:. Retrieved
3394:
3384:
3374:30 September
3372:. Retrieved
3368:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:the original
3335:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:the original
3294:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:the original
3257:. Retrieved
3253:the original
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3227:the original
3213:. Retrieved
3209:the original
3199:
3187:. Retrieved
3183:the original
3173:
3164:
3160:
3147:
3135:. Retrieved
3131:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3108:. 7 May 1971
3105:
3096:
3084:. Retrieved
3079:
3070:
3051:
3040:
3039:Documentary
3035:
3015:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2969:
2961:
2947:Aktion 1005.
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2915:
2903:
2887:
2868:
2858:
2846:
2830:
2824:(in Russian)
2814:. Retrieved
2810:the original
2800:
2794:(in Russian)
2785:. Retrieved
2781:the original
2767:. Retrieved
2763:the original
2752:
2738:
2729:
2719:
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2679:
2669:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2638:
2611:
2591:. Retrieved
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2551:
2542:
2515:. Retrieved
2487:. Retrieved
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2429:
2419:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2354:
2345:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:the original
2317:
2290:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2214:
2192:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2162:
2158:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2123:the original
2118:
2109:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2058:the original
2049:
2025:
1999:
1991:
1982:the original
1972:
1950:
1929:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1887:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1858:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1798:
1794:
1784:Lower, Wendy
1778:
1753:
1742:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1645:
1611:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1578:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1542:
1535:
1515:
1508:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:the original
1459:
1451:the original
1444:
1434:
1372:
1332:
1277:
1224:
1188:
1159:
1150:
1113:Moshe Katsav
1107:, President
1103:. After the
1079:
1071:Shostakovich
1063:
1017:
1009:
999:
964:
961:, March 1948
935:
921:
900:
886:
879:
858:
846:
831:
821:funeral pyre
814:
808:
789:
775:
769:
754:Olena Teliha
746:
730:World War II
726:
700:
685:
677:
666:
662:
657:
645:
613:
583:
579:
575:
500:
431:
401:
399:
383:
369:
362:
349:
344:
335:C Commander
332:
323:
316:Generalmajor
314:
312:
296:World War II
292:Soviet Union
290:against the
288:its campaign
284:Nazi Germany
259:
242:
241:
176:
161:
135:Perpetrators
36:
7790:Pogulianski
7360:Ludwig Hahn
7315:Paul Blobel
7295:Rudolf Batz
7230:Arthur Nebe
7200:Horst Böhme
6315:1950s–1960s
6087:(1944–1945)
5971:(1941–1945)
5720: [
5649: [
5559:(1918–1920)
5531:Lwów pogrom
5499:Lwów pogrom
5443:Kiev pogrom
5344:(1881–1884)
5234:Mawza Exile
5220:(1648–1657)
5060:(1348–1350)
5048:(1336–1339)
4994:(1189–1190)
4189:Paul Blobel
3825:Foundations
3774:Archaeology
3316:20 December
3233:15 December
3106:www.jta.org
3080:www.jta.org
2932:17 February
2865:Wendy Lower
2132:17 December
1811:10504/64569
1559:23 February
1475:26 December
1337: [
1137:Chief Rabbi
1034:Remembrance
1002:Paul Scheer
967:Paul Blobel
955:Paul Blobel
928:Paul Blobel
838:Lev Smirnov
765:Ivan Rohach
738:Dynamo Kyiv
680:machine gun
464:Paul Blobel
147:Paul Blobel
103: /
8029:Categories
7818:Ninth Fort
7662:Lithuanian
7650:Belarusian
7637:Non-German
7370:Karl Jäger
7245:Otto Rasch
7215:Heinz Jost
6172:Kunmadaras
5581:Justingrad
5089:Strasbourg
4274:Otto Rasch
4239:Erich Koch
4214:Hans Frank
3823:Lach Gates
3495:Yad Vashem
3485:Yad Vashem
3277:1 December
2690:28 October
2616:Yad Vashem
2309:1198514341
2176:20 January
2126:(web site)
1676:Kruglov A.
1668:Круглов А.
1621:3596156459
1162:Kofi Annan
1125:Montenegro
1090:Lukianivka
1028:Regensburg
1006:Erich Koch
991:Riga Trial
983:Otto Rasch
903:Yad Vashem
782:Bill Downs
567:Sixth Army
488:Otto Rasch
426:See also:
403:cantiniere
382:), and by
337:Otto Rasch
331:, and the
153:and others
143:Otto Rasch
91:30°26′56″E
88:50°28′17″N
7939:Drohobycz
7869:AB-Aktion
7810:Lithuania
7666:Ukrainian
7445:Franz Six
6843:2010–2019
6796:2004–2009
6618:2000–2009
6150:1946–1999
5871:Szczuczyn
5843:Bucharest
5740:1938–1945
5616:Proskurov
5574:Radomyshl
5491:The Tritl
5411:1900–1937
5210:1600–1899
5022:1300–1599
4909:1000–1299
4888:(614–617)
4880:(351–352)
4872:(132–136)
4805:Massacres
4517:memorials
4507:Artemivsk
4146:Lithuania
3839:Berestove
3786:Vydubychi
2816:29 August
2517:28 August
2489:28 August
2339:Cited in
2333:9 January
2261:Kyiv Post
2101:146390847
2093:1476-7937
1909:Kyiv Post
1819:1522-5658
1684:. Ткума.
1427:Citations
1203:Kurenivka
1097:districts
1086:Kurenivka
1024:Darmstadt
901:In 2006,
865:Survivors
758:bandurist
604:Ukrainian
561:Wehrmacht
521:(SD) and
408:Dominican
364:Wehrmacht
357:with the
276:Ukrainian
264:Ukrainian
260:Babyn Yar
248:‹See Tfd›
215:Memorials
182:Wehrmacht
68:Babyn Yar
8035:Babi Yar
7929:Babi Yar
7903:Slovakia
7674:Kommando
7654:Estonian
7158:Director
7030:Nahal Oz
7023:Kissufim
7016:Kfar Aza
6740:Istanbul
5934:Babi Yar
5899:Jedwabne
5306:Allahdad
4896:(628 CE)
4811:against
4753:See also
4622:Evidence
4512:Babi Yar
4397:Rescuers
4043:Babi Yar
3765:Bykivnia
3693:Babi Yar
3540:Babi Yar
3530:Archived
3505:Archived
3395:BBC News
3052:Babi Yar
2950:Archived
2926:Archived
2896:Archived
2867:(2008).
2839:Archived
2730:Newsweek
2708:Archived
2684:Archived
2631:Archived
2587:Archived
2561:Archived
2527:cite web
2499:cite web
2460:Archived
2440:3 August
2434:Archived
2362:Archived
2344:(1997).
2271:14 March
2265:Archived
2212:(1985).
2167:Archived
2165:: 1–16.
2150:(2004).
2079:: 1–30.
1927:(2006).
1863:Archived
1786:(2007).
1750:(2006).
1610:(2005).
1589:1 August
1497:Archived
1334:Babi Yar
1331:'s poem
1237:See also
1191:mudslide
1179:Mudslide
1141:Tel Aviv
887:Babi Yar
853:atrocity
791:Newsweek
671:—
587:—
278:capital
268:Бабин Яр
256:Бабий Яр
243:Babi Yar
128:Genocide
73:Location
42:Babi Yar
8115:Ravines
7972:Records
7921:Ukraine
7795:Rumbula
7785:Jelgava
7749:Estonia
7721:Belarus
7658:Latvian
7065:Yakhini
6933:(2019)
6258:Djerada
6251:Tripoli
6179:Miskolc
5962:Rumbula
5920:Tykocin
5850:Antwerp
5711:(1936)
5595:Zviahel
4864:(66–73)
4809:pogroms
4381:Victims
4161:Romania
4136:Estonia
4131:Belarus
3878:Uhorske
3604:History
3497:website
3493:on the
3487:website
3483:on the
3348:1 March
3259:7 March
3215:7 March
3189:7 March
3137:1 March
3112:1 March
3086:1 March
2593:7 March
2567:7 March
2466:7 March
2430:Haaretz
1417:Galicia
1173:Kaddish
1133:Croatia
973:in the
957:at the
600:Russian
565:", the
406:in the
274:in the
270:) is a
252:Russian
198:Victims
53:Soviet
7880:Russia
7848:Poland
7838:Ponary
7767:Latvia
7713:Crimes
7688:Hamann
7672:Arajs
7610:(Orpo)
7594:(SiPo)
7567:German
7560:Groups
7151:People
7090:(2024)
7082:(2023)
7044:Nir Oz
6995:Be'eri
6976:(2022)
6968:(2021)
6949:(2019)
6941:(2019)
6925:(2018)
6917:(2017)
6909:(2016)
6901:(2015)
6893:(2014)
6885:(2014)
6877:(2014)
6869:(2012)
6861:(2012)
6853:(2011)
6830:(2008)
6822:(2006)
6814:(2004)
6806:(2004)
6594:(1997)
6586:(1997)
6578:(1996)
6570:(1995)
6562:(1994)
6554:(1994)
6546:(1991)
6538:(1990)
6515:(1989)
6507:(1986)
6499:(1985)
6491:(1982)
6483:(1981)
6475:(1981)
6467:(1980)
6459:(1980)
6436:(1979)
6428:(1978)
6420:(1975)
6412:(1974)
6404:(1974)
6396:(1972)
6388:(1972)
6380:(1970)
6357:(1968)
6349:(1967)
6341:(1956)
6333:(1954)
6325:(1952)
6229:Manama
6222:Aleppo
6165:Kielce
5941:Odessa
5913:Ponary
5906:Farhud
5892:Wąsosz
5730:(1937)
5703:(1936)
5695:(1934)
5687:(1934)
5679:(1931)
5671:(1929)
5663:(1929)
5655:(1927)
5640:(1921)
5609:Fastov
5533:(1918)
5525:(1918)
5517:(1917)
5509:(1917)
5501:(1914)
5493:(1912)
5485:(1910)
5477:(1906)
5469:(1906)
5461:(1905)
5453:(1905)
5445:(1905)
5437:(1903)
5429:(1903)
5421:(1902)
5391:(1898)
5383:(1891)
5359:Warsaw
5332:(1871)
5324:(1859)
5316:(1840)
5308:(1839)
5300:(1838)
5292:(1834)
5284:(1834)
5276:(1821)
5268:(1819)
5260:(1805)
5252:(1790)
5244:(1768)
5236:(1679)
5228:(1660)
5201:(1536)
5193:(1517)
5185:(1517)
5177:(1506)
5169:(1484)
5161:(1478)
5153:(1474)
5145:(1473)
5137:(1465)
5129:(1401)
5121:(1391)
5113:(1370)
5096:Zurich
5082:Speyer
5068:Erfurt
5040:(1328)
5032:(1320)
5002:(1298)
4986:(1143)
4969:Mainz
4962:Speyer
4947:(1096)
4935:(1066)
4927:(1033)
4919:(1013)
4670:Trials
4571:Places
4500:Events
4175:People
4166:Russia
4156:Poland
4151:Norway
4141:Latvia
3431:
3302:
3059:
3023:
2982:
2875:
2787:16 May
2769:16 May
2622:
2407:
2307:
2297:
2226:
2099:
2091:
1958:
1937:
1894:
1872:24 May
1832:24 May
1817:
1766:
1688:
1680:]
1618:
1550:
1523:
1317:(1945)
1143:Rabbi
1117:Israel
1094:Syrets
946:Trials
936:Aktion
732:. The
633:Waffen
624:4a of
616:Jewish
608:German
553:Waffen
544:4a of
533:Waffen
507:4a of
472:4a of
451:, the
412:Turkic
272:ravine
76:Kyiv,
7959:Odesa
7058:Re'im
7051:Nirim
7009:Holit
6528:1990s
6449:1980s
6370:1970s
5857:Gabès
5728:]
5653:]
5602:Pinsk
5588:Skver
5075:Basel
4955:Worms
4827:1–999
4483:(UPA)
3831:Nyvky
3157:(PDF)
2732:: 22.
2170:(PDF)
2155:(PDF)
2097:S2CID
1866:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1791:(PDF)
1734:(PDF)
1713:(PDF)
1682:(PDF)
1673:[
1642:(PDF)
1385:еврей
1341:]
1199:brick
606:with
258:) or
225:Notes
7602:(SD)
7578:(SS)
7140:and
6732:2003
6654:2002
6625:2001
6293:1949
6243:1948
6215:Aden
6193:1947
6157:1946
6100:1945
6056:1944
6020:1943
5984:1942
5885:Lviv
5878:Iași
5835:1941
5813:1940
5777:1939
5748:1938
5623:Kiev
5567:Lida
5352:Kiev
4845:(66)
4837:(38)
4813:Jews
3871:Klov
3597:Kyiv
3429:ISBN
3402:2022
3376:2022
3350:2022
3318:2017
3300:ISBN
3279:2010
3261:2012
3235:2010
3217:2012
3191:2012
3139:2022
3114:2022
3088:2022
3057:IMDb
3021:ISBN
2980:ISBN
2934:2008
2873:ISBN
2849:День
2818:2007
2789:2007
2771:2007
2692:2013
2620:ISBN
2595:2012
2569:2012
2533:link
2519:2010
2505:link
2491:2010
2468:2012
2442:2010
2405:ISBN
2335:2006
2305:OCLC
2295:ISBN
2273:2018
2224:ISBN
2178:2008
2134:2007
2089:ISSN
1956:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1874:2013
1834:2013
1815:ISSN
1764:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1591:2019
1561:2013
1548:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1477:2014
1195:loam
1135:and
1092:and
1082:Kyiv
1042:and
908:Kyiv
780:and
486:Dr.
353:and
300:Jews
280:Kyiv
188:Camp
180:4a,
116:Date
55:POWs
7693:TDA
4807:or
3595:in
3055:at
2908:PBS
2902:,"
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2220:202
2081:doi
2006:145
1807:hdl
1760:112
1413:"he
1391:жид
1379:жид
1323:by
1313:by
1139:of
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1123:of
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816:sic
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774:of
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7660:,
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