Baby hatch - Knowledge (XXG)

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prohibits abandoning any child under 10 "so that its life is or is likely to be endangered." As a result, there is discretion in the law about what is considered a danger, and those who would abandon their child are always at risk of prosecution. There are, however, a few places in the country where children can be left safely and anonymously. Since 2010, three baby hatches have been established — one in Vancouver and two in Edmonton. Because they are clearly identified as safe places, leaving a child in a baby hatch is one way to circumvent potential legal repercussions. In Vancouver, police have agreed not to pursue parents unless there is evidence that the child "was abused or otherwise endangered." To date, three babies have been left in Canadian baby hatches.

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acted differently if there had been an alternative. The church made a hole in their wall and a "baby bin" was installed allowing for mothers to leave their babies any time, day or night. The moment a baby is placed in the "baby bin" care workers on duty receive an electronic signal alerting them. The baby is taken in and the anonymity of the "donor" ensured. Baby M was the first baby that came through the "baby bin", arriving on 3 October 1999. To date (2013), Door of Hope has received over 1300 babies. 148 have come through the "baby bin" but most come from hospitals, police or community members and some babies have even been brought personally by the mothers.

991: 1109:, abandoning a child below the age of two years is a criminal offence punishable by up to five years in prison. In practice, such prosecutions are extremely rare and would only occur if the circumstances of child abandonment showed actual malice, i.e. appeared deliberately intended to result in the death of the child. A mother who wishes to have her newborn baby adopted can do so. Counseling is designed to ensure that giving up the baby is her genuine, irrevocable wish. 589: 44: 418:. In modern times, baby hatches are more often intended to be used by mothers who are unable to cope with looking after their own child and do not wish to divulge their identity. In some countries, it is not legal for mothers to give birth anonymously in a hospital, and the baby hatch is the only way they can safely and secretly leave their child to be cared for by others. In India and Pakistan, the purpose of baby hatches is mainly to provide an alternative to 728: 404: 1122:, the first in 2016. As of April 2023, there were 153 baby hatches installed and in use in eleven states, primarily Indiana, which has nearly 100 hatches in operation. Other states with baby hatches include Ohio, Arkansas, New Mexico, Kentucky, and Florida. As of May 2023, eight additional states have enacted laws authorizing installation of baby hatches, though none have been installed. 297: 125: 204: 373:, Germany on 11 April 2000, after a series of cases in 1999 where children were abandoned and found dead from exposure. It consisted of a warm bed in which the child could be placed from outside the building. After a short delay to allow the person who left the child to leave anonymously, a silent alarm was set off which alerted staff. By 2010, 38 babies had been left in the 55: 2898: 33: 165:. A foundling wheel was a cylinder set upright in the outside wall of the building, rather like a revolving door. Mothers placed the child in the cylinder, turned it around so that the baby was inside the church, and then rang a bell to alert caretakers. One example of this type which can still be seen today is in the 572:, it received almost 80 infants in a month. Child Welfare Centre in Guangzhou, said it had taken in 262 children in less than two months since it opened the baby hatch. All the babies – 67% of whom were less than a year old – had varying degrees of illness. More than 90% survived, 22 babies died. The baby hatch in 855:

February 2007, the state indicated its position is that baby hatches "are not outright illegal." On the same year of April 5, Kumamoto City determined that "there are no reasonable grounds for not allowing modifications in the medical law," and approved changes that allowed establishment of the "Storks' Cradle".

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75 % of the boxes have been used. As of June 2023, there are 85 baby hatches in the country, mostly in major cities and district capitals. So far, they have helped to save 253 children, with the oldest to date being the case of an almost two years old boy in 2019. The one in University Hospital

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In most of Canada, however, abandoning a baby safely and legally is not an option. There are no "safe haven" laws like those in the United States that allow for parents to "safely surrender" their child in a police station, hospital or fire station. Instead, Section 218 of the Criminal Code of Canada

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All baby hatches are located within hospital premises. After a baby is left in a baby hatch, the police and custody court are informed about the case and the baby is given a health evaluation and is inspected for signs of abuse. The police during a two day long process find out if the child has been

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operates a "baby box" in his church in southwest Seoul. Before the Special Adoption Law was passed in August 2012, Lee said that the baby box received an average of about two newborns per month, but that number has risen to about 19 as of 2013. Awareness of baby hatches in South Korea remains high.

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The first baby hatch was launched by a non-profit NGO, OrphanCare Foundation, in 2010. By end of 2016 OrphanCare had saved over 200 babies and has two more baby hatches in the states of Kedah and Johor. In 2015 OrphanCare signed a memorandum of cooperation with KPJ Healthcare to manage the adoption

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If the birth parents want to recover a child, they have the option to do so until the child has been officially adopted. The birth parents must prove their parentage by taking a DNA test, which they must pay for themselves. After that a custody court reviews the parent's reasons for abandonment and

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and other offices before opening a baby hatch. They were told that it would not count as abandonment, as the baby is under the hospital's protection. However, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare would not comment on the issue, apart from saying that there was no precedent. In Japan,

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The hatches are usually in hospitals, social centres, or churches, and consist of a door or flap in an outside wall which opens onto a soft bed, heated or at least insulated. Sensors in modern beds issue an alert when a baby has been placed in it. In Germany, babies are looked after for eight weeks

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Baby hatches in the United States are generally called "newborn safety devices" or "newborn safety incubators." The first known installation of baby hatches in the United States was in Arizona in approximately 2001. Known as "drawers," the devices were installed primarily in Maricopa County, where

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announced it was setting up a "storks' cradle" to try to reduce the number of abandoned babies and abortions. As of November 26, 2009, a total of 51 babies had been accepted, and this system has been under the strict guidance of a special committee which pointed out that the acceptance of

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Normally, a mother or father who abandons their child is considered to be committing a criminal act. However, under German law parents are allowed to leave their child in charge of a third party for up to eight weeks, for example if the parents need to go into hospital. After eight weeks, however,

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The government-run orphanage in eastern China opened its first baby hatch on 1 June 2014, International Children's Day, as a symbolic step to show the country's commitment to improving child welfare. However, it since proved so popular that authorities have had to introduce new rules to limit the

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Those opposed to baby hatches argue that hatches do not save babies lives, that it encourages further abandonment by mothers rather than finding other solutions, and represents a state's dereliction of duty to create social programs which might reduce child abandonment. Several European countries

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in 2008. Between 2005 and 2007, ten infants were given in baby-boxes, seven of them in Prague. Some of them returned to their mothers or were inserted with full documentation. As of December 2011 there were 47, and 62 children had already been left there; one of the baby boxes was used 13 times.

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A baby hatch was installed by Door of Hope Children's Mission (Hole in the Wall) in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1999 after the pastor, Cheryl Allen, learned that a high number of newly born infants were abandoned. Pastor Allen realised that many of those desperate women and girls may well have

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In the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Social Affairs confirmed in 2006 that baby hatches (called Babybox in Czech) are legal under Czech law. In contradiction to this, in March 2006, Colonel Anna Piskova, a police officer, said on Czech television that the police would look for the mothers of

340:"Hu (Boulter) Armach, Primate of All-Ireland, being in the chair, ordered that a turning-wheel, or convenience for taking in children, be provided near the gate of the workhouse; that at any time, by day or by night, a child may be layd in it, to be taken in by the officers of the said house." 2121: 1020:

is the main project organizer. Along with installing and setting up baby hatches, the organization works to prevent infanticide, and helps families cope with crisis situations. The baby hatches are installed in hospitals and run by the wardship and guardianship authority.

438:'s Article 8. Another problem is that the anonymous person who drops off the infant may not have the legal right to do so, perhaps without the permission of the mother. Also, in some places baby hatches may be overwhelmed by the abandonment of sick and disabled children. 825:

There are about 50 hatches, set up by "La culla per la Vita" (The Movement for Life). In December 2006 a modern hatch was installed at the Policlinico Casilino in Rome and in February 2007 it received its first abandoned child. There are also plans to install one at the

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episode "Yessir, That's Our Baby", the doctors eventually leave an abandoned, mixed race infant in the foundling wheel of a Catholic monastery after unsuccessfully attempting to get her taken care of by American agencies, due to the cruelty such children often face in

2803:...there are now 74 boxes in the country and since 2016. Twelve babies have been put in boxes, and 99 were personally handed over to staff at a baby box location. ... Safe Haven Baby Boxes are currently available in Indiana, Ohio, Arkansas, Florida and now Kentucky. 768:

In 2005, Hungary passed a law decriminalizing abandoning a baby in an incubator. The act is considered a declaration of abandonment and consent to adoption if the family does not return within six weeks to claim the child. Dumping a child elsewhere remains a crime.

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within the Children's Clinical University Hospital's territory. Since then, seven more hatches have been set up in Latvia's biggest towns. As of August 2019, 47 children have been left in a baby hatch, of whom five have later been reclaimed by their birth parents.

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German law considers babies in baby hatches to have been left in charge of a third party. However, this loophole is extremely controversial and several attempts have been made to clear up the legal basis. As of yet, the legal situation remains unclear.

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The number of babies with congenital defects has soared over the past decade, with upwards of 900,000 such cases reported each year. In addition, at least 100,000 children are abandoned each year. Most are either disabled or girls.

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six drawers exist at local hospitals as of May 2023. Beginning in 2016, the Indiana-based nonprofit corporation Safe Haven Baby Boxes began installing its own branded "Safe Haven Baby Boxes" in locations throughout

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has opened abandoned children rooms in the cities of Groningen, Middelburg, Oudenbosch, Papendrecht, Rotterdam and Zwolle. Women in need can leave their babies anonymously. In 2017 a room in Amsterdam is planned.

488:, and hatches were used 30 times between 2008 and 2016. Since women have had the right to give birth anonymously in hospitals since 2001, those anonymous births have greatly outnumbered the use of baby hatches. 813:(cradle baby), raised by the state and entitled to free education. In 2002, an "e-cradle" scheme was also introduced in southern India after an abandoned newborn baby was torn apart by dogs in the street near 496:

In Belgium, the legal framework is absent, and abandoning babies is illegal, but in practice the babies are placed in foster care and become available for adoption after a few months. In 2000, the association

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government adopted the Legislative Decree of 2 September 1941 on the Protection of Births allowing children to be born anonymously. This law, somewhat modified, became the modern right to anonymous birth

192:) in an orphanage in 1709. It closed after only five years in 1714 as the number of babies left there was too high for the orphanage to cope with financially. Other wheels are known to have existed in 484:) takes care of the child for the first six months and then it is given up for adoption. The first hatch was introduced in Vienna in 2000. As of 2018, there were 15 hatches in seven of the nine 175:; this wheel was installed in medieval times and used until the 19th century. Another foundling wheel dating to at least 1601 is on display for visitors to Naples' Church of the Annunciata. 3015: 88:. Foundling wheels were abandoned in the late 19th century, but a modern form, the baby hatch, was reintroduced from 1952 and since 2000 has been adopted in many countries, most notably in 2457: 1692: 2166: 2741: 2319: 1028:

proposed a law to ban baby boxes. In September 2016 the ban was approved by the Russian government, stating that special places for anonymous abandonment of newborns violate the

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Canada prohibits abandoning a child "so that its life is or is likely to be endangered." As of 2020, three babies have been left in hatches installed in Canada. One hatch is in

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is a white metal hanging cradle with a mattress, where the baby can be left anonymously outside the centre. A bell can be rung, and staff also check the cradle once an hour.

2143:"Décret du 5 septembre 1946 PROTECTION DE LA NAISSANCE (LOI DU 2 SEPTEMBRE 1941 : ART. 2 ) APPLICATION DANS LES DEPARTEMENTS DU HAUT-RHIN, DU BAS-RHIN ET DE LA MOSELLE" 1010:

Since 2011, ten baby hatches have come into use in Russia. In less than one year of activity, the boxes helped to save three children. The charity fund The Cradle of Hope (

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is a place where people (typically mothers) can leave babies, usually newborn, anonymously in a safe place to be found and cared for. This was common from the

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such as in the US which decriminalize leaving a child with an authority, and so it can be legally risky for a mother to abandon her baby in a baby hatch.

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of babies placed in baby hatches in eight KPJ hospitals in major cities in Peninsular Malaysia. KPJ also has a baby hatch each in Sabah and Sarawak.

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number of babies and children being abandoned. In just 11 days, 106 children, all with disabilities or medical conditions, were dropped off at the

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in 2011. It has by 2014 received 181 children. The estimated number of children, was officially some 1,400 a year in total, in the whole country.

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The foundling wheel in Dublin was taken out of use in 1826 when the Dublin hospital was closed because of the high death rate of children there.

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The law treats babies found in baby boxes as foundlings, who are raised by the state while going through the legal process of adoption. Senator

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Almost 100 babies have been saved due to baby hatches nationwide. The seventh baby hatch was opened at the An-Nur Specialist Hospital in Bangi,

232:. Foundling wheels were legalised in an imperial decree of January 19, 1811, and at their height, there were 251 in France, according to author 1275: 1739: 1718: 1703: 1029: 435: 2564: 2539: 1106: 293:

on July 2, 1825. This was taken out of use on June 5, 1949, declared incompatible with the modern social system after five years' debate.

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during which the parent can return and claim the child without any legal repercussions. If this does not happen, the child is put up for

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Baby hatches have existed in one form or another for centuries. The system was quite common in medieval times. From 1198 the first

1198:, the main characters operate an illegal business where they steal babies left at baby hatches and sell them on the black market. 863:

anonymous babies might reduce the moral philosophy of people. 125 babies had been left at the baby hatch as of March 2017.

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The non-profit organisation Door Of Hope Children's Mission set up a "hole in the wall" in July 1999 at the Mission Church in

711:) set down in the French Social Action and Families Code (Art. 222–6). It covers children up to one year of age. In 2003, the 254:

were officially abolished in law of June 27, 1904. Today in France, women are allowed to give birth anonymously in hospitals (

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Baby hatches were reintroduced in Germany in 2000. As of 2020, there were around 70-100 baby hatches across the country.

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Committee on the Rights of the Child has questioned the legality of baby boxes, criticizing the high number of children's

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decreed that these should be installed in homes for foundlings so that women could leave their child in secret instead of

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installed a foundling wheel in 1730, as this excerpt from the Minute Book of the Court of Governors of that year shows:

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proclaimed on May 24, 1783, that all towns should have a foundling hospital. One example was the wheel installed at the

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Some issues with baby hatches are connected to children's right to know their own identity, as guaranteed by the UN

3010: 1785: 1763: 1189:, instead of being abandoned on an island, is placed in a baby hatch in the fictional American city of New Bohemia. 814: 676: 522: 2844: 1574: 419: 1841: 2710: 990: 208: 97: 778: 668: 2902: 2142: 2458:"Glābējsilītes projektā iesaistītie sabiedrību lūdz nenosodīt mātes, kuras atstāj savu mazuli glābējsilītēs" 1598: 889:

reported as missing, after that the baby is given the status of a foundling and can be put up for adoption.

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Simmonds, Claire (2013). "An Unbalanced Scale: Anonymous Birth and the European Court of Human Rights".

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Baby boxes are becoming more widespread in the United States after the 2022 Supreme Court decision

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Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding Observations: Czech Republic, CRC/C/CZE/CO/3-4,

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In Latvia, unless the baby has been reported as missing, the law treats the babies as foundlings.

843: 588: 43: 2572: 1743: 1723: 1643: 1635: 1502: 1343:"First Hospital in Dublin – Poor Relief in former days – The Foundling Hospital and its Founders" 1193: 1172: 1155: 851: 602: 332: 320: 300: 2936: 1221:, a cardboard box full of all the items needed for a baby's first year, also known as a baby box 2386: 2368: 1909: 1531: 1427: 1218: 1208: 1094: 772:

Hungary had 32 baby hatches as of 2015, all run by hospitals. The first opened in 1996 in the

672: 606: 471: 154: 140: 2657:"Ein wenige Tage alter Junge - Säugling im Babyfenster des Berner Lindenhofspitals abgegeben" 1346: 1144:

This type of abandonment is the main theme of a historical novella set in nineteenth-century

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was "crowded with visitors". Parents were seen to drop babies off at the facility every day.

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Families, Children's Bureau

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There are eight baby hatches in Switzerland, almost all privately operated, at hospitals in

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One reason many babies have been abandoned, especially in the past, was that they were born

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in hospitals, sometimes free of charge, to prevent the risks associated with an unassisted

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In Japan, abandoning a baby is normally punished with up to five years in prison. In 2006

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overturning the ban in 2020, a new mayor of Evere again prohibited its operation in 2021.

475: 450: 383: 366: 278: 225: 2869: 2929: 2381: 2346: 2198: 1526: 1497: 1213: 1025: 613: 442: 308: 101: 48: 2960: 2924: 2705: 1759:"After a newborn was found in a recycling bin, a safe haven baby hatch may save lives" 1368: 403: 2999: 2684: 1811: 1647: 753: 2706:"Title 31, Article 34, Chapter 2.5: Emergency Custody of Certain Abandoned Children" 2266: 1550: 1445: 1390:

Indiana is installing more baby boxes, where newborns can be anonymously surrendered

593: 2620: 1603: 1476: 1141:, the main character is left in the foundling wheel of a convent in northern Italy. 1138: 1086: 1041: 1017: 831: 732: 701: 554: 415: 408: 172: 2026:

Committee on the Rights of the Child, Fifty-seventh session, 30 May – 17 June 2011

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has reported that United Nations wants to ban baby hatches in the Czech Republic.

296: 290: 2793:"Kentucky's first baby box for mothers in crisis to safely leave child installed" 1693:"'Baby box' scheme that lets parents leave children anonymously sees record year" 1655: 1422: 2975:

Histoire et Patrimoine des hôpitaux de l'Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris

2434: 2220: 1963:"Baby Hatch Programs Struggle to Cope With Number of Infants With Birth Defects" 1182: 804: 162: 158: 124: 81: 1902:"Chinese city suspends baby hatch after it is overwhelmed by unwanted children" 1405: 1304: 1631: 1074: 1070: 796: 617: 454: 203: 2372: 1913: 1431: 1105:

In the United Kingdom there are no baby hatches, as, under Section 27 of the

2941: 2797: 924: 681: 625: 569: 534: 161:, a practice clearly evident from the numerous drowned infants found in the 17: 2513: 2390: 2363: 2333: 1535: 1516: 485: 54: 2909: 2897: 1938:"China's 'Baby Hatch' Project Swamped By Abandoned Children - Worldcrunch" 1406:"A Study on the Social Perceptions of the Baby Box and Infant Abandonment" 601:

abandoned children. The head of the Czech baby hatch organization Statim,

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Committee on the Rights of the Child reviews report of the Czech Republic

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baby hatch in Hamburg, 14 of whom were later reclaimed by their mothers.

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In 2011, China opened at least 25 baby hatches, "baby safety island" in

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facility. That is more than the 85 orphans the city accepted in 2013.

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has received 30 babies and the one at Brothers of Charity Hospital in

605:, complained about this statement and was officially supported by the 1241:"First baby drop-off boxes for unwanted infants installed in Indiana" 1145: 995: 975: 685: 640: 632: 328: 324: 264: 193: 105: 59: 2990:

Netherlands Institute for the Documentation of Anonymous Abandonance

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state, a baby hatch was set up in 1994 by the then Chief Minister,

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There is no clear legal basis for operating baby hatches (known as

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Japanese newspaper articles, at Japanese Children's Rights Network

2039:"OSN kritizovala ČR za děti v ústavech, chce zrušit babyboxy" 1786:"A look at China's "baby hatches" for unwanted infants - CBS News" 1090: 1078: 1066: 989: 982:, has a "turning cradle" marked "Abandoned Babies Received Here". 726: 587: 562: 514: 423: 402: 352: 295: 243: 229: 202: 197: 150: 123: 53: 42: 31: 2734:"Indiana Installs 'Safe Haven Baby Boxes' for Abandoned Newborns" 2639:"Change in Korean Adoption Law Followed by More Abandoned Babies" 927:

did not go ahead after heavy protest. State Secretary for Health

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decide whether to allow the parents guardianship of the child.

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to the 18th and 19th centuries, when the device was known as a

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suggested that baby hatches were illegal. In years since, the

2845:"Florida fight over 'baby boxes' part of bigger culture war" 1740:"Baby hatch reinstated in Brussels after three-year dispute" 1719:"Baby hatch reinstated in Brussels after three-year dispute" 1575:"'Another excuse': Evere rejects baby hatch for second time" 2247:(in Hungarian). Pest Megyei Kormányhivatal. 1 February 2015 954:

service which is said to have saved over 16,000 lives; the

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In Austria, the law treats babies found in baby hatches as

315:, foundlings were brought up in orphanages financed by the 1551:"Drop-off baby boxes: Can they help save lives in the US?" 1410:

Journal of the Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health

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where there are more than 300. They can also be found in

1472:"Spread of 'baby boxes' in Europe alarms United Nations" 2989: 2920:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 746–747. 2621:"'Baby bin' to save South Africa's unwanted children" 2430:"Kumamoto baby hatch still delivers hope 10 years on" 2817:"Sunbury drop-box a destination for unwanted babies" 2405:"【魚拓】asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：赤ちゃんポスト、０８年度は２４人熊本・慈恵病院 – 社会" 2345:

Asai, Atsushi; Ishimoto, Hiroko (22 February 2013).

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Asai, Atsushi; Ishimoto, Hiroko (22 February 2013).

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upheld this law, ruling that it did not violate the

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Germany Still Divided over the Idea of Baby Hatches

2203: 2064:V Mělníku začal fungovat jubilejní třicátý babybox 1702: 1097:. From 2001 to 2021, 25 children were left there. 3016:Adoption, fostering, orphan care and displacement 2347:"Should we maintain baby hatches in our society?" 1498:"Should we maintain baby hatches in our society?" 846:and other officials of Jikei Hospital applied to 631:The first baby hatch was set up in July 2005 in 272: 1404:Lee, Seol Ah; Kim, Hee Sook (31 January 2019). 365:Another modern baby hatch was installed in the 337: 2951:German language website of baby hatch producer 2221:"Call for 'baby boxes' for abandoned newborns" 1873:"China's "baby hatch" numbers set to increase" 457:and to provide medical care during the birth. 228:who built the first foundling home in 1638 in 224:, abandonment wheel) were introduced by Saint 2992:– Dutch website on foundlings and neonaticide 1369:"Baby hatches turn 10 amid calls for closure" 1011: 980:Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul 872: 787:and rescued 23 newborns until February 2007. 357:Door of Hope Children's Mission, Johannesburg 144: 8: 743: 706: 479: 392:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 374: 255: 248: 219: 187: 63: 2937:Hospital to bring back abandoned baby wheel 1812:"China expands abandoned baby hatch scheme" 1592: 1590: 1568: 1566: 918: 808: 504: 498: 2323:: Kerala e-cradle gets 100th child, a girl 2194:"Controversy over Baby Hatches in Germany" 1687: 1685: 1683: 956: 949: 2945:newspaper, UK (Article behind a pay-wall) 2481: 2479: 2380: 2362: 2295:"Újabb baba a Schöpf-Merei inkubátorában" 1986: 1984: 1525: 1515: 1421: 877:('saviour manger') was set up in 2009 in 503:('Mothers for mothers') set up the first 2241:"Babamentő inkubátorok országos listája" 2081:Babyboxes – News report 16 December 2020 2180:"Babyklappen und vertrauliche Geburten" 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1231: 27:Device for transfer of unwanted infants 1491: 1489: 1487: 478:office for children and young people ( 281:/rejected ones') were also used after 2761: 2759: 2267:"Kétnapos baba az utcai inkubátorban" 2093: 2091: 2076: 2074: 1932: 1930: 1895: 1893: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1835: 1833: 1780: 1778: 1465: 1463: 1030:Convention on the Rights of the Child 948:has around 300 centres which offer a 568:Since the opening of a baby hatch in 436:Convention on the Rights of the Child 395:allowed states to prohibit abortion. 386:in Pakistan offers a similar system. 242:(Hospital for Foundling Children) in 236:. They were in hospitals such as the 7: 2514:"Glābējsilītes Latvijā – babybox.lv" 1597:Szoboszlay in, Anna (11 June 2012). 1399: 1397: 1107:Offences against the Person Act 1861 1002:In 2022, sixty-nine towns had them. 624:in 2011. Czech internet news server 2955:List of all baby hatches in Germany 1670:"Anonymous births and baby hatches" 1573:Bradshaw, Lisa (24 February 2021). 717:European Convention on Human Rights 186:, a Dutch merchant set up a wheel ( 47:Baby hatch called "BabyBox" in the 1900:Kaiman, Jonathan (17 March 2014). 1871:McKirdy, Euan (17 February 2014). 1274:Hibbert, Katharine (21 May 2006). 25: 2815:Narciso, Dean (10 January 2021). 1446:"Cradles plan for unwanted girls" 978:, founded in 1810 and run by the 2896: 2843:Spencer, Terry (11 April 2023). 2791:Ashley, Phylicia (1 July 2021). 2120:Martin Vokáč (25 January 2019). 1757:Cattapan, Alana (4 March 2020). 1701:. 1 January 2018. Archived from 1549:Baker, Vicky (23 January 2019). 1470:Ramesh, Randeep (10 June 2012). 1305:The 'baby box' returns to Europe 333:Foundling Hospital and Workhouse 2971:L'évolution des modes d'abandon 2744:from the original on 5 May 2016 2301:(in Hungarian). 3 February 2007 2275:(in Hungarian). 11 October 2003 2178:Krell, Claudia (7 April 2020). 2167:odièvre – 42326jnv.gc 13022003e 1738:Hope, Alan (9 September 2020). 1599:"'Baby boxes' polarise Hungary" 663:, and the next were planned in 620:and claiming the boxes violate 2732:Silva, Daniella (5 May 2016). 2202:. 13 July 2012. Archived from 1840:Young, Connie (30 June 2014). 1239:Parco, Nicholas (3 May 2016). 1175:is a modern interpretation of 858:In 2006 the Jikei Hospital in 807:. This kind of baby is called 713:European Court of Human Rights 449:have passed laws allowing for 399:Reasons for using baby hatches 260:) and leave their baby there. 1: 2219:Ailes, Emma (12 April 2013). 2100:"BABYBOX Statistiky babyboxů" 2015:, United Nations, 31 May 2011 1318:"BABYBOX Statistiky babyboxů" 218:In France, foundling wheels ( 2883:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1423:10.21896/jksmch.2019.23.1.13 327:was established in 1741; in 274:roda dos expostos/enjeitados 2911:"Foundling Hospitals" 1181:in which her equivalent of 957: 950: 809: 430:Opposition and legal issues 239:Hôpital des Enfants-Trouvés 3032: 2980:Door Of Hope, South Africa 2961:Retour vers le XIXe siècle 2665:(in German). 4 August 2021 933:Beschermde Wieg Foundation 815:Trivandrum Medical College 756:office must be called in. 287:Santa Casa de Misericordia 1632:10.1017/S0008197313000391 1620:The Cambridge Law Journal 1012: 130:Ospedale di Santo Spirito 2711:Indiana General Assembly 2685:"Infant Safe Haven Laws" 2486:Calis.lv (1 June 2018). 1993:"BABYBOX úvodní stránka" 1307:, BBC News, 26 June 2012 1282:. London. Archived from 917:In 2003 plans to open a 209:Ospedale degli Innocenti 2963:Article in French from 2917:Encyclopædia Britannica 2643:The Wall Street Journal 441:Not all countries have 277:, literally 'wheel for 207:Foundling wheel at the 128:Foundling wheel at the 2364:10.1186/1472-6939-14-9 2147:www.legifrance.gouv.fr 1517:10.1186/1472-6939-14-9 1171:"The Gap of Time", by 999: 919: 873: 744: 736: 707: 692:22 babies since 2005. 597: 596:, Czech Republic, 2020 505: 499: 480: 411: 375: 358: 343: 304: 273: 256: 249: 220: 215: 188: 145: 136: 69: 68:means 'Window of Life' 64: 51: 40: 2822:The Columbus Dispatch 2569:www.beschermdewieg.nl 2098:Ondřej Tůma (McBig). 1991:Ondřej Tůma (McBig). 1151:The Lady of the Wheel 993: 774:Schöpf-Merei Hospital 730: 591: 406: 356: 299: 206: 127: 57: 46: 35: 2905:at Wikimedia Commons 2771:Stop Baby Boxes Now! 2488:"'Baby Box' Latvijā" 2334:La culla per la vita 1707:on 12 November 2020. 1276:"The Child Catchers" 972:Hospicio de San Jose 803:, to prevent female 500:Moeders voor Moeders 271:, foundling wheels ( 146:ruota dei trovatelli 2949:www.babyklappe.info 1727:. 9 September 2020. 1698:The Daily Telegraph 1126:Cultural references 860:Kumamoto Prefecture 848:Kumamoto Prefecture 708:accouchement sous X 682:Královské Vinohrady 321:home for foundlings 257:accouchement sous X 2595:"Babybox в России" 2351:BMC Medical Ethics 1818:. 16 February 2014 1744:The Brussels Times 1724:The Brussels Times 1503:BMC Medical Ethics 1448:. 18 February 2007 1286:on 2 December 2008 1173:Jeanette Winterson 1156:Angelo F. Coniglio 1000: 810:thottil kuzhanthai 737: 598: 420:female infanticide 412: 359: 305: 301:Foundling Hospital 234:Anne Martin-Fugier 216: 137: 70: 52: 41: 3011:Child abandonment 2933:website (English) 2901:Media related to 2870:"The Gap of Time" 2645:. 7 October 2013. 1219:Maternity package 1209:Child abandonment 1178:The Winter's Tale 1016:) established in 622:children's rights 607:Save the Children 155:Pope Innocent III 16:(Redirected from 3023: 2921: 2913: 2900: 2874: 2873: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2763: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2689: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2627:. 16 March 2011. 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2597:. Archived from 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2575:on 20 April 2021 2571:. Archived from 2561: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2483: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2464:. 23 August 2019 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2384: 2366: 2342: 2336: 2331: 2325: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2208:on 14 July 2012. 2207: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2175: 2169: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2095: 2086: 2085: 2078: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2035: 2029: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1969:. 9 January 2015 1959: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1897: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1868: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1837: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1782: 1773: 1772: 1764:The Conversation 1754: 1748: 1747: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1689: 1678: 1677: 1676:. 26 April 2018. 1666: 1660: 1659: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1594: 1585: 1584: 1570: 1561: 1560: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1529: 1519: 1493: 1482: 1481: 1467: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1401: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1345:. Archived from 1339: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1271: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1236: 1015: 1014: 1013:Колыбель надежды 960: 953: 922: 876: 830:hospital at the 812: 782: 747: 710: 637:Babybox – Statim 523:Council of State 508: 502: 483: 378: 276: 259: 252: 223: 191: 171:hospital at the 148: 67: 21: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3020: 2996: 2995: 2939:– Article from 2927:– Article from 2908: 2893: 2888: 2878: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2601:on 9 April 2016 2593: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2438:. 15 April 2017 2428: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2328: 2321:Hindustan Times 2318: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2248: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2083: 2079: 2072: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2028:(4 August 2011) 2023: 2019: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1942:worldcrunch.com 1936: 1935: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1899: 1898: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1870: 1869: 1860: 1850: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1790:www.cbsnews.com 1784: 1783: 1776: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1691: 1690: 1681: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1596: 1595: 1588: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1495: 1494: 1485: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1451: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1303: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1273: 1272: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1245:nydailynews.com 1238: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1205: 1134:Anthony Adverse 1128: 1115: 1103: 1063: 1050: 1038: 1008: 988: 968: 946:Edhi Foundation 942: 915: 899: 869: 840: 823: 801:J. Jayalalithaa 793: 776: 766: 725: 700:In France, the 698: 669:Ústí nad Orlicí 586: 547: 531: 494: 486:Austrian states 481:Jugendwohlfahrt 476:social services 468: 463: 451:anonymous birth 443:safe-haven laws 432: 401: 384:Edhi Foundation 351: 349:Modern examples 250:tours d'abandon 226:Vincent de Paul 221:tours d'abandon 149:) were used in 122: 86:foundling wheel 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3029: 3027: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2968: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2934: 2930:Deutsche Welle 2922: 2906: 2892: 2891:External links 2889: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2861: 2835: 2807: 2783: 2755: 2724: 2697: 2676: 2648: 2630: 2612: 2586: 2556: 2531: 2505: 2475: 2449: 2421: 2396: 2337: 2326: 2312: 2286: 2258: 2245:Kormányhivatal 2232: 2211: 2199:Spiegel Online 2185: 2170: 2159: 2134: 2112: 2087: 2070: 2056: 2045:. 22 June 2011 2030: 2017: 2005: 1980: 1954: 1926: 1889: 1858: 1829: 1803: 1792:. 27 June 2014 1774: 1749: 1730: 1710: 1679: 1661: 1626:(2): 263–266. 1610: 1586: 1562: 1541: 1483: 1459: 1437: 1393: 1382: 1360: 1334: 1322:www.babybox.cz 1309: 1297: 1257: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1216: 1214:Harm reduction 1211: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1190: 1169: 1159: 1142: 1127: 1124: 1114: 1111: 1102: 1101:United Kingdom 1099: 1062: 1059: 1049: 1046: 1037: 1034: 1026:Elena Mizulina 1007: 1004: 998:, Poland, 2018 994:Baby hatch in 987: 984: 967: 964: 941: 938: 914: 911: 898: 895: 868: 865: 839: 836: 822: 819: 792: 789: 765: 762: 748:) in Germany. 731:Baby hatch in 724: 721: 697: 694: 673:Mladá Boleslav 614:United Nations 592:Baby hatch in 585: 584:Czech Republic 582: 546: 543: 530: 527: 493: 490: 467: 464: 462: 459: 431: 428: 416:out of wedlock 407:Baby hatch in 400: 397: 350: 347: 121: 118: 102:Czech Republic 58:Baby hatch in 49:Czech Republic 36:Baby hatch in 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3028: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2967:, Switzerland 2966: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2912: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2836: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2784: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2728: 2725: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2587: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2123: 2116: 2113: 2101: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2006: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1968: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1847: 1843: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1804: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1545: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1371:. Thelocal.de 1370: 1364: 1361: 1349:on 1 May 2006 1348: 1344: 1338: 1335: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1131:In the novel 1130: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1113:United States 1112: 1110: 1108: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1019: 1005: 1003: 997: 992: 985: 983: 981: 977: 973: 965: 963: 961: 959: 952: 947: 939: 937: 934: 930: 929:Clémence Ross 926: 921: 912: 910: 908: 903: 896: 894: 890: 886: 883: 880: 875: 866: 864: 861: 856: 853: 852:Kumamoto city 849: 845: 837: 835: 833: 829: 828:Santo Spirito 820: 818: 816: 811: 806: 802: 798: 790: 788: 786: 780: 775: 770: 763: 761: 757: 755: 754:youth welfare 749: 746: 740: 734: 729: 722: 720: 718: 714: 709: 703: 695: 693: 691: 687: 683: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 595: 590: 583: 581: 577: 575: 571: 566: 564: 558: 556: 552: 544: 542: 540: 536: 528: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 501: 491: 489: 487: 482: 477: 473: 465: 460: 458: 456: 452: 446: 444: 439: 437: 429: 427: 425: 421: 417: 410: 405: 398: 396: 394: 393: 387: 385: 380: 377: 372: 368: 363: 355: 348: 346: 342: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 302: 298: 294: 292: 288: 284: 283:Queen Maria I 280: 275: 270: 266: 261: 258: 253: 251: 245: 241: 240: 235: 231: 227: 222: 214: 210: 205: 201: 199: 195: 190: 185: 181: 176: 174: 170: 169: 168:Santo Spirito 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 142: 135: 131: 126: 119: 117: 115: 109: 107: 103: 99: 98:United States 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 66: 61: 56: 50: 45: 39: 34: 30: 19: 2974: 2964: 2940: 2928: 2915: 2903:Baby hatches 2864: 2852:. 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