Knowledge (XXG)

Bagyidaw

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37: 642:, taking the Burmese by surprise. Bagyidaw ordered Bandula and most of the troops back home to meet the enemy at Yangon. In December 1824, Bandula's 30,000 strong force tried to retake Yangon but was soundly defeated by the much better armed British forces. The British immediately went on an offensive on all fronts. By April 1825, the British had driven out the Burmese forces from Arakan, Assam, Manipur, Tenasserim, and the Irrawaddy delta where Gen. Bandula died in action. After Bandula's death, the Burmese fought on but their last-ditch effort to retake the delta was repulsed in November 1825. In February 1826, with the British army only 50 miles away from Ava, Bagyidaw agreed to British terms. 1398: 715:
An uninvited British Resident in Ava was a daily reminder of humiliation of defeat. The burden of indemnity would leave the royal treasury bankrupt for years. The indemnity of one million pounds sterling would have been considered a colossal sum even in Europe of that time, and it became frightening when translated to Burmese kyat equivalent of 10 million. The cost of living of the average villager in Upper Burma in 1826 was one kyat per month.
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15,000 had been killed. The cost to the British India's finances had been almost ruinous, amounting to approximately 13 million pounds sterling. The cost of war contributed to a severe economic crisis in India, which by 1833 had bankrupted the Bengal agency houses and cost the British East India Company its remaining privileges, including the monopoly of trade to China.
604:. The British ignored Burmese demands to surrender the fugitive king, and instead sent reinforcement units to frontier forts. Despite their success in the open battlefield, the Burmese continued to have trouble with cross border raids by rebels from British protectorates of Cachar and Jaintia into Manipur and Assam, and those from British Bengal into Arakan. 728:. In February 1837, Bagyidaw's crown prince and brother Tharrawaddy rebelled, and two months later in April, Bagyidaw was forced to abdicate. Tharrawaddy executed Me Nu and her brother, and kept his brother under house arrest. Bagyidaw died on 15 October 1846, at age 62. The former king had 23 queens, five sons and five daughters. 538:
soon after. A year later, Badan Chandra Borphukan was assassinated and the Ahom king Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by rival political faction led by Ruchinath Burhagohain, the son of Purnananda Burhagohain. Chandrakanta Singha and the friends of Badan Chandra Borphukan appeal for help to Bodawpaya.
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to the Burmese. Bagyidaw delivered the balance of the indemnity at great sacrifice in November 1832. But by 1833, it was clear that the British had no intention of returning any of the territories. The king, who used to love theater and boat racing, grew increasingly reclusive, afflicted by bouts of
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The treaty imposed highly severe financial burden to the Burmese kingdom, and effectively left it crippled. The British terms in the negotiations were strongly influenced by the heavy cost in lives and money which the war had entailed. Some 40,000 British and Indians troops had been involved of whom
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Devastated, Bagyidaw held out hope for some years that Tenasserim would be returned to him, and paid the balance of indemnity in 1832 at great sacrifice. The British redrew the border with Manipur in 1830, but by 1833, it was clear the British would not return any of the former territories. The king
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For the Burmese, the treaty was a total humiliation and a long-lasting financial burden. A whole generation of men had been wiped out in battlefield. The world the Burmese knew of conquest and martial pride, built on the back of impressive military success of prior 75 years, had come crashing down.
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The first to test Bagyidaw's rule was the Raja of Manipur, who was put on the Manipuri throne only six years earlier by the Burmese. Raja Marjit Singh failed to attend Bagyidaw's coronation ceremony, or send an embassy bearing tributes, as all vassal kings had an obligation to do. In October 1819,
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At Bagyidaw's court, the war party which included Gen. Bandula, Queen Me Nu and her brother, the lord of Salin, made the case to Bagyidaw that a decisive victory could allow Ava to consolidate its gains in its new western empire in Arakan, Manipur, Assam, Cachar and Jaintia, as well as take over
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and began to strengthen the army. He also began to construct fortification to prevent further Burmese invasion. Bagyidaw again turned to Bandula. It took Bandula's 20,000-strong army about a year a half, until July 1822, to finish off the Assamese army. Bagyidaw now scrapped the six- century-old
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In the beginning of the war, battle-hardened Burmese forces, who were more familiar with the terrain which represented "a formidable obstacle to the march of a European force", were able to push back better armed British forces made up of European and Indian soldiers. By May, Uzana's forces had
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His father Crown Prince Thado Minsaw died on 9 April 1808. Nine days later, the young prince at 23 was suddenly elevated to the position of Crown Prince by his grandfather King Bodawpaya. The prince was also allowed to inherit his father's fiefs of Dabayin and Shwedaung. The Crown Prince was
612:, into Cachar and Jaintia to chase away the rebels. The British sent in their own force to meet the Burmese in Cachar, resulting in the first clashes between the two. The war formally broke out on 5 March 1824, following border clashes in Arakan. 718:
Bagyidaw could not come to terms with the loss of the territories, and the British used Tenasserim as bait for the Burmese to pay the installments of indemnity. In 1830, the British agreed to redraw the Manipuri border with Burma, giving back
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Bagyidaw sent an expeditionary force of 25,000 soldiers and 3,000 cavalry led by his favorite general Maha Bandula to reclaim Manipur. Bandula reconquered Manipur but the raja escaped to neighboring Cachar, which was ruled by his brother
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raised a rebellion in February 1837, and Bagyidaw was forced to abdicate the throne in April 1837. King Tharrawaddy executed Queen Me Nu and her brother but placed his brother under house arrest. Bagyidaw died in October 1846 at age 62.
556:. It was later expanded to Siri Tribhawanaditya Dhipati Pawara Pandita Mahadhammarajadhiraja. Bagyidaw inherited the second largest Burmese empire but also one that shared a long vaguely defined borders with 424:. On 23 June 1793, the young prince, not yet 9, was made a general of the Northern and Southern Corps of Royal Cavalry. On 9 February 1803, the 18-year-old prince married 14-year-old Princess 371:
territories and protectorates. His ill-advised decision to allow the Burmese army to pursue the rebels along the vaguely defined borders led to the war. The longest and most expensive war in
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Master-General of the Ordnance in the Burmese-Siamese War of 1808, which ended in a stalemate. His elevation to crown prince also brought his royal servants, including Maung Yit (later Gen.
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history ended decisively in British favor, and the Burmese had to accept British terms without discussion. Bagyidaw was forced to cede all of his grandfather's western acquisitions, and
560:. The British, disturbed by the Burmese control of Manipur and Assam which threatened their own influence on the eastern borders of British India, supported rebellions in the region. 592:
Assamese monarchy and made Assam a province under a military governor-general. This differs with the Assamese versions of history where it is written that Bagyidaw installed
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princess Hemo Aideo was given for marriage to Burmese King Bodawpaya along with many gifts to strengthen the ties with the Burmese monarch. The Burmese force returned to
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During his stay as crown prince, his grandfather Bodawpaya renewed his expansionism in the west. In February 1814, a Burmese expeditionary force invaded Manipur, placing
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as the new Ahom king of Assam and a military governor-general was appointed to look after the administration. The defeated Assamese king fled to British territory of
998: 510:. The Burmese force entered Assam in January 1817 and defeated the Assamese force in the battle of Ghiladhari. Meanwhile, Purnananda Burhagohain died and Ruchinath 2422: 36: 552:
Bodawpaya died on 5 June 1819, and Bagyidaw ascended to the throne without opposition. On 7 June 1819, he was crowned at Amarapura with the reign name of
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Instead of fighting in harsh terrain, the British took the fight to the Burmese mainland. On 11 May, a British naval force of over 10,000 men, led by
1152: 359:. In the years leading to the war, the king had been forced to suppress British supported rebellions in his grandfather's western acquisitions ( 2427: 1195: 1121: 1102: 1083: 1055: 351:(1824–1826), which marked the beginning of the decline of the Konbaung dynasty. He inherited the largest Burmese empire, second only to King 1337: 635: 270: 1250: 539:
In February 1819, the Burmese forces invaded Assam for second time and reinstalled Chandrakanta Singha on the throne of Assam.
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at Mingun. He took on five more queens as crown prince (of the eventual number of 23 queens). His third and later chief queen
1379: 568:. The Singh brothers continued to raid Manipur using their bases from Cachar and Jaintia, which had been declared as British 990: 412:, Prince of Shwedaung and his half-sister Min Kye, Princess of Taungdwin, on 23 July 1784. The infant prince was granted 2379: 2271: 994: 1069:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2004 ed.). Yangon: Department of Universities History Research, University of Yangon. 1241:
Journal of An Embassy from the Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava in the year 1827 by John Crawfurd, 1829
2407: 1372: 428:, a granddaughter of Bodawpaya. The young prince was fond of shows, theater, elephant catching and boat racing. 1815: 1402: 1305: 963: 506:
in Assam. A strong force of 16,000 under the command of Gen. Maha Minhla Minkhaung was sent with Badan Chandra
274: 47: 1213:(1). Cambridge University Press on behalf of Department of History, National University of Singapore: 48–66. 621: 348: 2330: 1705: 1246:
Journal of An Embassy from the Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava by John Crawfurd, Vol II 1834
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Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland
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and his Burmese allies. He appointed Badan Chandra Borphukan as Mantri Phukan (Prime Minister). An
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visited the court of Bodawpaya to seek help in order to defeat his political rival Purnananda
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in 1808, and became king in 1819 after Bodawpaya's death. Bagyidaw moved the capital from
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Dr. S.K. Bhuyan 1968 Tungkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam(1681–1826) : 197–203
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Yi Yi, Ma (1965). "Burmese Sources for the History of the Konbaung Period 1752–1885".
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Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885
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A British depiction of Bagyidaw purportedly ordering to wrest Bengal from the British
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depression. The palace power devolved to his chief queen Me Nu and her brother
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Allow for an exchange of diplomatic representatives between Ava and Calcutta,
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eastern Bengal. In January 1824, Bandula allowed one of his top lieutenants,
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Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia, 1770–1890
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built the Maha Aungmye Bonzan Monastery in 1818, more commonly known as
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In 1812, his first queen Princess Hsinbyume died of childbirth in
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tried to shake off Burmese influence. He hired mercenaries from
457: 417: 341: 1368: 991:"The Art and Culture of Burma: The Konbaung Period – Amarapura" 1153:"Colonel Sladen's Account of Hsinbyume Pagoda at Mingun, 1868" 1143:
History of Upper Assam, Upper Burmah and northeastern frontier
316:; 23 July 1784 – 15 October 1846) was the seventh king of the 1177:
Steinberg, David Joel (1987). David Joel Steinberg (ed.).
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History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
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to the British, and pay a large indemnity of one million
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Siri Tribhavanaditya Pavarapaṇdita Mahādhammarajadhirāja
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The Emergence of Modern South-East Asia: A New History
355:'s, but also one that shared ill-defined borders with 973:
Tungkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826)
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Tungkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826)
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Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)
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The instabilities spread to Assam in 1821, when the
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His brother Crown Prince 383:, leaving the country crippled for years. 35: 18: 876:Tungkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam 743: 741: 701: 1181:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1131:Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). 737: 693:Sign a commercial treaty in due course. 616:War with the British East India Company 275:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 1140:Shakespear, Leslie Waterfield (1914). 483:, who grew up in Ava, as vassal king. 186: 2423:People of the First Anglo-Burmese War 1135:(1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta. 958:Aung Than Tun (Monywa) (2003-03-26). 311: 301: 7: 1019:. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co. 984:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. 1028:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. 1207:Journal of Southeast Asian History 1001:from the original on 14 March 2007 706:Bagyidaw's tomb in Amarapura, 1907 464:in memory of his first wife named 14: 526:came in terms with Badan Chandra 441:) of Dabayin and Maung Sa (later 1396: 683:Pay an indemnity of one million 627:overrun Cachar and Jaintia, and 255: 178:5 sons, 5 daughters, including 1116:. University of Hawaii Press. 1078:. Cambridge University Press. 1050:. Cambridge University Press. 237:Min Kye, Princess of Taungdwin 1: 2428:19th-century Burmese monarchs 1251:Was "Yadza" Really Ro(d)gers? 1097:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1046:Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). 548:Troubles on the western front 2380:Confederation of Shan States 2272:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1351:17 April 1808 – 5 June 1819 1310:5 June 1819 – 15 April 1837 1179:In Search of South-East Asia 995:Northern Illinois University 980:Charney, Michael W. (2006). 62:5 June 1819 – 15 April 1837 2444: 1338:Heir to the Burmese Throne 1076:The Making of Modern Burma 1067:Konbaung Hset Maha Yazawin 672:Cease all interference in 619: 2369: 1353: 1335: 1327: 1322: 1312: 1303: 1295: 1290: 1263: 1219:10.1017/S0217781100002477 1186:Webster, Anthony (1998). 1033:Htin Aung, Maung (1967). 1013:Gait, Sir Edward (1926). 789:Steinberg et al 1987: 106 638:entered the port city of 404:The future king was born 347:Bagyidaw's reign saw the 294: 199: 194: 185: 109: 34: 27: 1112:Owen, Norman G. (2005). 1065:Maung Maung Tin (1905). 964:The New Light of Myanmar 502:, the Prime Minister of 494:in Assam, Badan Chandra 332:by his grandfather King 2385:Brief revival (1550–52) 1093:Myint-U, Thant (2006). 1074:Myint-U, Thant (2001). 944:Htin Aung 1967: 214–215 780:Htin Aung 1967: 220–221 622:First Anglo-Burmese War 349:First Anglo-Burmese War 1158:. SOAS. Archived from 1024:Harvey, G. E. (1925). 900:Shakespear 1914: 62–63 874:Dr. S. K. Bhuyan 1968 861:Dr. S. K. Bhuyan 1968 707: 313:[zəɡáiɰ̃mɪ́ɰ̃] 263:This article contains 2262:Mahadhammaraza Dipadi 971:Bhuyan, S.K. (1968). 759:Myint-U 2006: 112–113 705: 687:in four installments, 408:Sein to Crown Prince 2376:Mongol vassal (1297) 2284:Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 1768:1287–1539, 1550–1552 935:Webster 1998:142–145 923:Phayre 1883: 236–237 878:(1681–1826): 206–207 852:Phayre 1883: 233–234 653:Cede to the British 2373:Regent or Co-Regent 1764:Hanthawaddy Kingdom 989:Cooler, Richard M. 909:Myint-U 2001: 18–19 585:Chandrakanta Singha 524:Chandrakanta Singha 303:[ba̰dʑídɔ̀] 2028:Muni Thudhammaraza 1696:Kale Kye-Taung Nyo 1644:Minbyauk Thihapate 1448:Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 1037:A History of Burma 1016:A History of Assam 889:A History of Assam 843:Aung Than Tun 2003 708: 636:Archibald Campbell 466:Myatheindan Pagoda 246:Theravada Buddhism 2395: 2394: 2073:Sanda Thuriya III 1826:Binnya Dhammaraza 1503:Naratheinga Uzana 1443:Nyaung-u Sawrahan 1363: 1362: 1354:Succeeded by 1313:Succeeded by 1197:978-1-86064-171-8 1123:978-0-8248-2841-7 1104:978-0-374-16342-6 1085:978-0-521-79914-0 1057:978-0-521-80496-7 647:Treaty of Yandabo 422:Prince of Sagaing 271:rendering support 251: 250: 207: 206: 2435: 2408:Konbaung dynasty 2304: 2299:Konbaung dynasty 2277: 2185: 2148: 2063:Sanda Thuriya II 1891: 1769: 1659: 1607: 1542: 1416: 1403:Burmese monarchs 1401: 1400: 1389: 1382: 1375: 1366: 1328:Preceded by 1296:Preceded by 1286: 1279: 1270:Konbaung Dynasty 1261: 1230: 1201: 1182: 1173: 1171: 1170: 1165:on 28 April 2007 1164: 1157: 1151:Sladen, Edward. 1147: 1136: 1133:History of Burma 1127: 1108: 1089: 1070: 1061: 1042: 1040: 1029: 1020: 1009: 1007: 1006: 985: 976: 967: 945: 942: 936: 933: 924: 921: 910: 907: 901: 898: 892: 887:E. 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Gait 1926 885: 879: 872: 866: 859: 853: 850: 844: 841: 835: 832: 826: 823: 817: 814: 808: 807:Cooler Chapter 4 805: 799: 796: 790: 787: 781: 778: 769: 768:Phayre 1883: 237 766: 760: 757: 748: 747:Owen 2005: 87–88 745: 629:Lord of Myawaddy 443:Lord of Myawaddy 318:Konbaung dynasty 315: 306:; also known as 305: 300: 296: 277: instead of 259: 258: 202: 201: 187: 137: 121: 119: 112: 111: 39: 30: 29: 19: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2365: 2302: 2301: 2293: 2275: 2274: 2266: 2257:Taninganway Min 2183: 2182: 2180:Toungoo dynasty 2174: 2146: 2145: 2137: 2123:Sanda Wimala II 2033:Sanda Thuriya I 2023:Wara Dhammaraza 2013:Sanda Thudhamma 1993:Thiri Thudhamma 1889: 1888: 1886:Mrauk U Kingdom 1880: 1767: 1766: 1758: 1706:Minye Kyawswa I 1657: 1656: 1648: 1605: 1604: 1602:Sagaing Kingdom 1596: 1540: 1539: 1527: 1414: 1413: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1359: 1349: 1341: 1333: 1318: 1309: 1301: 1285:15 October 1846 1280: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1255:Wayback Machine 1237: 1204: 1198: 1185: 1176: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1139: 1130: 1124: 1111: 1105: 1092: 1086: 1073: 1064: 1058: 1045: 1032: 1023: 1012: 1004: 1002: 988: 979: 970: 957: 954: 949: 948: 943: 939: 934: 927: 922: 913: 908: 904: 899: 895: 886: 882: 873: 869: 865: : 204–205 860: 856: 851: 847: 842: 838: 833: 829: 824: 820: 815: 811: 806: 802: 797: 793: 788: 784: 779: 772: 767: 763: 758: 751: 746: 739: 734: 700: 685:pounds sterling 665:coast south of 624: 618: 594:Jogeswar Singha 550: 545: 518:. 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Index


King of Burma
Sagaing
Coronation
Bodawpaya
Tharrawaddy
Maung
Amarapura
Amarapura
Amarapura
Hsinbyume
Nanmadaw Me Nu
Issue
Setkya Mintha
House
Konbaung
Thado Minsaw
Theravada Buddhism
Burmese script
rendering support
question marks, boxes, or other symbols
Burmese script
Burmese
[ba̰dʑídɔ̀]
[zəɡáiɰ̃mɪ́ɰ̃]
Konbaung dynasty
Burma
Sagaing
crown prince
Bodawpaya

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