692:, and in 1995, in cooperation with the Syrian government, it started a project to rehabilitate over a million hectares of degraded land in the Syrian Badia. In some areas, when grazing was restricted, there was a spontaneous return of many of the native plants. In other areas which were more heavily degraded, grazing restrictions were supplemented by reseeding and the planting of fodder species. By the time the project ended in 2010, nearly a quarter of a million hectares had been reseeded, and nearly a hundred thousand hectares had been planted with native fodder shrubs. The result has been a great success, with some herdsmen reporting tenfold increases in the productivity of their livestock.
486:
728:
704:
752:
740:
716:
764:
497:
102:
3482:
3492:
1800:
3936:
90:
114:
2362:
78:
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49:
3512:
527:, and its people were renowned merchants who took advantage of its strategic position on the silk road linking the far east to the mediterranean, by taxing caravans that were passing by, establishing colonies on the silk road, and trading in the rare commodities from the far east, thus bringing enormous wealth to their city.
629:
presence in the Desert. As the resistance began to gain control of the surrounding areas, coalition spokesmen began to downplay the importance of the Syrian Desert as a center of operations; nevertheless the Syrian Desert remained one of the primary routes for smuggling equipment and insurgents due
634:. By September 2006, the resistance had gained control of virtually all of the Anbar Governorate and had moved most of their forces, equipment and leaders further east to resistance-controlled cities near the Euphrates river.
508:
tribes, and many tribes still remain in the region, their members living mainly in towns and settlements built near oases. Some
Bedouin still maintain their traditional way of life in the desert.
2744:
1580:
1006:
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658:
133:
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4228:
2657:
685:
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4204:
2168:
4224:
516:
texts written by literate
Bedouin, are found throughout the Syrian Desert. These date approximately from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.
566:
to the
Mediterranean, thus playing a huge part in both the commercial and military connections between the two regions. It was, however, raided by the
2661:
3033:
2224:
1573:
4244:
1785:
1494:
715:
657:. Starting in December 2016 and throughout 2017, several campaigns successfully retook the entire region from the terrorist group, leaving only
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2349:
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927:
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703:
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is under threat from drought, over-grazing, hunting and other human activities. Some native animals no longer inhabit this area, and many
281:. The eastern section of the Syrian Desert, that within borders of Iraq, can be referred to (within Iraqi context) as the Western Desert.
1915:
1566:
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2642:
5173:
4309:
4237:
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589:, large numbers of victims were deported across the Euphrates River into the desert to die. The Syrian desert was first traversed by
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1407:
1347:
1313:
1279:
1165:
1131:
962:
2751:
2739:
1188:
626:
5493:
5413:
4475:
4134:
3170:
3155:
2306:
763:
5594:
2766:
610:
4601:
4360:
3561:
3028:
3014:
2416:
3895:
2632:
650:
622:
598:
485:
5640:
4165:
2219:
2203:
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1445:
304:
The 700–900-metre high (2,300–3,000 ft) region in the middle of the desert is the Hamad
Plateau, a rather flat, stony
262:
to the east. In the north, the desert gives way to the more fertile areas and to the south it runs into the deserts of the
3884:
3758:
2245:
3505:
2778:
4373:
4199:
4124:
2255:
1990:
654:
226:. It accounts for approx. 85% of the land area of Jordan and 55% of Syria. To the south, it borders and merges into the
126:
2756:
642:
4404:
4397:
4252:
4112:
3327:
3092:
3055:
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2193:
2188:
2123:
1469:
1100:
The
Western Desert. The western reaches of Iraq form part of the "Badiyat al-Sham" or "al-Shamiya", the Syrian Desert.
2672:
1520:
5630:
4985:
4350:
4148:
3985:
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3180:
3160:
3002:
2992:
2982:
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2451:
2316:
1925:
1799:
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4428:
3960:
3901:
3132:
2977:
2547:
2342:
2000:
1815:
618:
5193:
5635:
5316:
4518:
4490:
4297:
3219:
3190:
2834:
1955:
1597:
4684:
4129:
4119:
3980:
3965:
3865:
3819:
3447:
3195:
2859:
2592:
2265:
2198:
2092:
1945:
1863:
1858:
790:
5276:
5266:
5221:
4942:
4864:
4006:
4001:
3915:
3670:
3586:
3150:
3009:
2879:
2854:
2724:
2476:
2296:
2148:
1907:
353:
4767:
1537:
1036:
631:
371:
5565:
5398:
5346:
5306:
4636:
4523:
4445:
4345:
4187:
4170:
4097:
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3534:
3254:
3122:
2734:
2607:
2586:
2506:
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1965:
2173:
573:
in the 250s, most of its citizens fled, and under
Sasanian rule, the city was subsequently abandoned.
5351:
5321:
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2717:
2335:
2183:
2143:
1622:
606:
365:
649:
managed to occupy most of the desert region in both Iraq and Syria between 2013 and 2015 during the
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5241:
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4897:
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4440:
4102:
3710:
3705:
3291:
3249:
3175:
3050:
2972:
2501:
2471:
2456:
2270:
2178:
2153:
1960:
1935:
321:
3491:
325:
5577:
5433:
5393:
5331:
5296:
5286:
5271:
4689:
4500:
4450:
4409:
4269:
4257:
4182:
4143:
4107:
3970:
3944:
3602:
3422:
3417:
3402:
3364:
3339:
3276:
3137:
3072:
2707:
2516:
2431:
2260:
2229:
2128:
1975:
1892:
2697:
5503:
5488:
5428:
5291:
5261:
5246:
5226:
5146:
5027:
4831:
4787:
4570:
4355:
4279:
4085:
3889:
3824:
3779:
3632:
3442:
3407:
3244:
3185:
3087:
2997:
2967:
2962:
2829:
2824:
2808:
2637:
2557:
2552:
2461:
2250:
2107:
2102:
2087:
2022:
1940:
1897:
1617:
1612:
1403:
1378:
1368:
1343:
1309:
1275:
1248:
1161:
1127:
1020:
1000:
958:
923:
850:
586:
336:
263:
199:
3515:
1242:
1077:
The western desert of Iraq forms the eastern half of the
Badiyat ash-Sham (The Syrian Desert)
917:
5599:
5256:
5050:
4869:
4629:
4594:
4575:
4510:
4392:
4328:
4292:
4062:
3921:
3814:
3794:
3789:
3735:
3607:
3569:
3334:
3269:
3259:
2933:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2844:
2819:
2163:
2158:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2042:
2037:
2027:
1843:
1700:
1685:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1637:
846:
785:
638:
255:
1213:
523:; first mentioned in the second millennium BC, the city was an important trading center in
496:
5557:
5532:
5523:
5475:
5453:
5408:
5380:
5371:
5251:
5231:
5216:
5203:
5188:
5178:
5168:
5160:
5128:
5085:
4957:
4932:
4927:
4839:
4822:
4757:
4707:
4699:
4679:
4669:
4495:
4470:
4460:
4455:
3809:
3774:
3740:
3655:
3432:
3397:
3286:
3281:
3200:
3111:
2849:
2702:
2614:
2602:
2526:
2521:
2511:
2446:
2421:
2406:
2393:
2381:
2097:
2072:
2067:
2047:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1950:
1920:
1872:
1868:
1838:
681:, graze about twelve million sheep and goats here, as well as a smaller number of camels.
567:
539:
469:
380:
231:
172:
4807:
4217:
1116:
5513:
5508:
5483:
5461:
5423:
5418:
5341:
5336:
5138:
5118:
5060:
5032:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4902:
4854:
4849:
4812:
4752:
4742:
4732:
4610:
4565:
4528:
4483:
4262:
4158:
4057:
4052:
3804:
3784:
3750:
3725:
3412:
3387:
2667:
2597:
2077:
780:
602:
582:
551:
391:
348:
251:
227:
288:
has also been used for the Syrian Desert. The name has been translated in the past as
5619:
5443:
5438:
5388:
5326:
5311:
5301:
5236:
5211:
5183:
5123:
5113:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5065:
5010:
5000:
4777:
4762:
4737:
4727:
4712:
4543:
4153:
4031:
4016:
3854:
3831:
3799:
3764:
3700:
3642:
3612:
3485:
3437:
3427:
3392:
3344:
3321:
3296:
3264:
3060:
2884:
2761:
2562:
2411:
1877:
1725:
689:
590:
413:
359:
247:
894:
339:, the Hamad Desert has been described as one of the most arid deserts of the world.
5545:
5498:
5022:
5015:
5005:
4889:
4879:
4792:
4782:
4747:
4674:
4365:
4026:
3837:
3311:
3077:
2874:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2401:
1882:
1695:
1627:
948:
531:
524:
513:
416:
visit the seasonal lakes. Small rodents are common, as are their predators such as
405:
211:
107:
840:
669:
With low rainfall and poor quality soils, today the region is principally used as
320:. The highest peaks of the Plateau are those of the 1,000 m (3,300 ft)+
1397:
1303:
1269:
1155:
1093:
1064:
952:
812:
5361:
5356:
5108:
5075:
5070:
4990:
4980:
4912:
4722:
4532:
4304:
4287:
3730:
3690:
3622:
3617:
3495:
3457:
3306:
3142:
3067:
2864:
2426:
2301:
2291:
2082:
2014:
1887:
1775:
1589:
954:
The Harra and the Hamad : excavations and surveys in
Eastern Jordan, vol. 1
563:
305:
269:
Several parts of the Syrian Desert have been referred to separately such as the
1340:
The
Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria
5540:
5042:
4995:
4937:
4802:
3665:
3627:
2572:
1833:
1828:
461:
17:
1382:
148:
135:
5570:
4967:
4011:
3720:
3382:
3354:
3301:
2839:
2531:
2491:
2138:
1823:
1710:
1647:
670:
559:
535:
425:
409:
376:
309:
259:
207:
1092:
Studies, Johns
Hopkins University School of Advanced International (1956).
601:, with the Iraq portion of the desert becoming a primary stronghold of the
48:
1423:
870:
558:
is a modern invention. The city prospered, mainly for its location on the
4844:
3660:
3650:
2899:
2729:
2712:
2486:
2481:
2275:
1930:
1853:
1848:
1755:
1740:
1735:
1690:
1473:
1123:
614:
594:
570:
509:
421:
329:
4947:
4465:
3359:
3316:
2496:
2441:
2032:
1760:
1750:
1715:
1705:
674:
520:
505:
489:
457:
453:
449:
429:
274:
206:, covering approx. 500,000 square kilometers (200,000 square miles) of
1558:
519:
One of the most important ancient settlements in the Syrian desert is
4952:
4797:
4664:
4653:
4067:
4021:
3695:
3680:
3239:
2894:
1780:
1730:
1652:
1220:
465:
437:
317:
215:
203:
195:
95:
871:"Jordan Badia | The Hashemite Fund for Development of jordan Badia"
4859:
4772:
3935:
3685:
3557:
3452:
2436:
2133:
1770:
1765:
1745:
678:
495:
484:
417:
401:
397:
384:
313:
219:
119:
3526:
316:
gravel. What little rain arrives on the plateau flows into local
4621:
3675:
2647:
2624:
2367:
2361:
1720:
646:
433:
387:
with a lower nutritional value to livestock have replaced them.
235:
223:
83:
4625:
3530:
3217:
3109:
2931:
2806:
2379:
2331:
1562:
1041:. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1973. p. 476
839:
Suttie, J.M.; Reynolds, Stephen G.; Batello, Caterina (2005).
445:
441:
492:
was an important trading center located in the Syrian desert
1399:
The Syrian desert : caravans, travel and exploration
324:
in Saudi Arabia, and the 960-metre high (3,150 ft)
1538:"The grass is greener: rehabilitating the Syrian Badia"
1214:"Transboundary Aquifers, Challenges and New Directions"
530:
Another important ancient settlement is the city of
5556:
5531:
5522:
5474:
5452:
5379:
5370:
5202:
5159:
5137:
5084:
5041:
4966:
4888:
4830:
4821:
4698:
4509:
4427:
4385:
4327:
4278:
4084:
4045:
3994:
3943:
3864:
3847:
3749:
3641:
3595:
3568:
3375:
3230:
2623:
2540:
2392:
2284:
2238:
2212:
2116:
2013:
1906:
1814:
1807:
1678:
1605:
1596:
1244:
GEF Country Portfolio Evaluation: Syria (1994–2008)
1087:
1085:
597:, the desert served as a major supply line for the
538:. Originally a fortress, it was founded during the
125:
71:
66:
58:
32:
757:Resafa ruins southwest of Raqqa and the Euphrates.
1098:. Pr. by Human Relations Area Files. p. 34.
1521:"The Regrouping of ISIS in the Deserts of Syria"
1063:Mudīrīyat al-Āthār al-Qadīmah al-ʻĀmmah (1964).
1005:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
988:. Archived from the original on January 13, 2008
686:International Fund for Agricultural Development
1058:
1056:
813:"Syrian Desert | Map & Facts | Britannica"
4637:
3542:
2343:
1574:
8:
1402:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 273.
895:"The rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic"
807:
805:
625:were relatively ineffective at removing the
38:
2169:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
1470:"WP: U.S. to reinforce troops in west Iraq"
1110:
1108:
1075:. Directorate General of Antiquities.: 10.
5528:
5376:
4827:
4644:
4630:
4622:
4433:
4333:
4090:
3953:
3949:
3574:
3549:
3535:
3527:
3227:
3214:
3106:
2928:
2803:
2389:
2376:
2350:
2336:
2328:
1811:
1602:
1581:
1567:
1559:
957:. England: Collis Publication. p. 1.
29:
2658:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
1446:"U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq"
1367:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
916:Harris, Nathaniel; Parker, Steve (2003).
546:, which means "Fortress", but was called
504:The desert was historically inhabited by
62:500,000 km (190,000 sq mi)
2482:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1274:. Orlando: Academic Press. p. 216.
4245:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
1532:
1530:
943:
941:
939:
801:
699:
623:series of Coalition military operations
390:The Syrian Desert is the origin of the
335:Together with the other deserts of the
332:between Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
1424:"U.S. diplomat apologizes for remarks"
1305:The Great Empires of the Ancient World
998:
230:. The land is open, rocky or gravelly
4253:Political status of the Golan Heights
1247:. GEF Evaluation Office. p. 17.
1119:Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives
7:
3511:
3453:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
1495:"Situation Called Dire in West Iraq"
922:. Taylor & Francis. p. 49.
834:
832:
3501:
1472:. MSNBC. 2006-05-30. Archived from
1160:. New York: Springer. p. 141.
1157:Groundwater in the Arab Middle East
176:
39:
25:
1519:Khani, Shoresh (12 August 2021).
677:herdsmen, many of whom are still
3934:
3510:
3500:
3490:
3481:
3480:
2786:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
2360:
2307:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
1798:
1444:Knickmeyer, Ellen (2006-05-29).
1396:Grant, Christina Phelps (2003).
1025:. Dodd, Mead. 1914. p. 795.
762:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
112:
100:
88:
76:
47:
3265:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
2688:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
2678:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
2417:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
745:Camels in the desert near Raqqa
721:Road in the desert near Palmyra
2548:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
1864:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
1859:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
1268:McPherson, Charles W. (1987).
1117:"Shamiyah+desert"&pg=PA11
1022:New International Encyclopedia
210:, including parts of northern
1:
2246:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
1643:Tigris–Euphrates river system
1189:"Jebel 'Aneiza, Saudi Arabia"
542:and initially given the name
246:The desert is bounded by the
4393:Energy and mineral resources
4193:Supreme Constitutional Court
3044:in ISIL-controlled territory
919:Atlas of the World's Deserts
769:Rocks, unidentified location
468:. The large mammals are now
383:species have died out while
4415:Water supply and sanitation
4315:Weapons of mass destruction
4218:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
2955:Council of Representatives
2693:Weapons of mass destruction
2312:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
2194:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2189:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1523:. The Washington Institute.
1363:Naimark, Norman M. (2017).
611:Multi-National Force – Iraq
5657:
4310:Chief of the General Staff
4238:National Progressive Front
3910:independent First Republic
2683:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
2317:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
1223:. December 2010. p. 4
5590:
4660:
4588:
4436:
4336:
4093:
3956:
3952:
3932:
3577:
3476:
3226:
3213:
3118:
3105:
2940:
2927:
2815:
2802:
2388:
2375:
1796:
1365:Genocide: A World History
1302:Harrison, Thomas (2009).
1154:Wagner, Wolfgang (2011).
630:to its location near the
619:Second Battle of Fallujah
609:, particularly after the
500:View of the Syrian Desert
428:; previously common were
53:Composite satellite image
46:
37:
3034:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
2945:Administrative divisions
1338:Dirven, Lucinda (1999).
351:in the Syrian Badia are
258:to the west, and by the
4685:List of deserts by area
3820:Principality of Antioch
2593:Mandate for Mesopotamia
2467:First Babylonian Empire
1115:McIntosh, Jane (2005).
1038:Annual Review, Volume 2
842:Grasslands of the World
791:List of deserts by area
665:Economy and agriculture
655:Eastern Syria offensive
5267:Gran Desierto de Altar
4361:International rankings
4007:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
3671:Middle Assyrian Empire
2752:Insurgency (2011–2013)
2673:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
2477:Middle Assyrian Empire
2149:Babylonian mathematics
1426:. NBC News. 2006-10-22
562:, importantly linking
501:
493:
354:Caroxylon vermiculatum
234:, cut with occasional
5641:Eastern Mediterranean
5566:North American Arctic
5307:North American Arctic
4166:Government ministries
3716:Neo-Babylonian Empire
3039:in post-invasion Iraq
2745:U.S. troop withdrawal
2507:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1095:Area Handbook on Iraq
733:Oasis near Al-Sukhnah
709:Desert around Palmyra
499:
488:
312:bedrock covered with
182:), also known as the
4478:(2011–present)
4374:Securities Exchange
4125:Council of Ministers
3880:Haj Fadel Government
2988:Council of Ministers
2870:Mesopotamian Marshes
2144:Babylonian astronomy
1623:Mesopotamian Marshes
1542:Rural Poverty Portal
875:www.badiafund.gov.jo
607:Al Anbar Governorate
593:in 1919. During the
366:Artemisia herba-alba
184:North Arabian Desert
5494:Los Médanos de Coro
5242:Channeled scablands
4865:Ramlat al-Sab'atayn
4154:Golan Heights claim
3711:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3706:Syro-Hittite states
3596:Prehistorical Syria
3250:Mesopotamian Arabic
3056:Freedom of religion
2502:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2472:Old Assyrian Period
2457:Neo-Sumerian Empire
2225:Destruction by ISIL
2179:Sumerian literature
2154:Akkadian literature
1590:Ancient Mesopotamia
1271:Laboratory hamsters
659:sporadic skirmishes
372:Atriplex leucoclada
149:33.3333°N 38.8333°E
145: /
27:Desert in West Asia
5287:Jornada del Muerto
4690:Desert exploration
4405:Telecommunications
4398:Petroleum industry
3902:Mandatory Republic
3848:Early modern Syria
3603:Levantine corridor
3181:Telecommunications
3156:Foreign Investment
3093:Wars and conflicts
3029:in pre-Saddam Iraq
2993:Presidency Council
2779:2019–2021 protests
2708:Invasion of Kuwait
2532:Sassanid Asorestan
2527:Parthian Babylonia
2522:Seleucid Babylonia
2517:Achaemenid Assyria
2432:Jemdet Nasr period
2261:Mesopotamian myths
1450:Washingtonpost.com
817:www.britannica.com
688:aims to alleviate
554:. The combination
502:
494:
5631:Deserts of Jordan
5613:
5612:
5586:
5585:
5470:
5469:
5155:
5154:
4832:Arabian Peninsula
4788:Plaine des Sables
4619:
4618:
4584:
4583:
4423:
4422:
4323:
4322:
4212:Political parties
4149:Foreign relations
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
3930:
3929:
3890:Syrian Federation
3825:County of Tripoli
3780:Ikhshidid dynasty
3633:Yarmukian culture
3524:
3523:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3458:Mandaean New Year
3209:
3208:
3101:
3100:
3083:Political parties
2978:Foreign relations
2923:
2922:
2830:Lower Mesopotamia
2825:Upper Mesopotamia
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2558:Abbasid Caliphate
2553:Umayyad Caliphate
2462:Isin-Larsa period
2325:
2324:
2276:Ziggurat (Temple)
2251:Sumerian religion
2009:
2008:
1956:Middle Babylonian
1898:Kish civilization
1794:
1793:
1618:Lower Mesopotamia
1613:Upper Mesopotamia
1374:978-0-19-063771-2
1254:978-1-933992-24-2
1122:. Santa Barbara:
929:978-1-57958-310-1
856:978-92-5-105337-9
605:operating in the
587:Armenian genocide
337:Arabian Peninsula
264:Arabian Peninsula
242:Location and name
194:, is a region of
165:
164:
16:(Redirected from
5648:
5626:Deserts of Syria
5529:
5377:
4828:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4623:
4604:
4597:
4479:
4434:
4377:
4376:(stock exchange)
4369:
4334:
4247:
4240:
4231:
4229:regional command
4220:
4091:
4063:Fertile Crescent
3954:
3950:
3938:
3815:County of Edessa
3795:Mirdasid dynasty
3790:Hamdanid dynasty
3769:
3736:Palmyrene Empire
3721:Achaemenid Syria
3608:Natufian culture
3575:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3528:
3514:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3494:
3484:
3483:
3228:
3215:
3146:
3107:
2958:
2929:
2915:Sinjar Mountains
2905:Zagros Mountains
2845:Hamrin Mountains
2804:
2767:Mosul liberation
2740:Iraqi insurgency
2662:National Command
2651:
2487:Simurrum culture
2390:
2377:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2174:Sumerian cuisine
2164:Warfare in Sumer
2159:Economy of Sumer
1812:
1802:
1686:Fertile Crescent
1670:Sinjar Mountains
1665:Hamrin Mountains
1660:Zagros Mountains
1638:Taurus Mountains
1603:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1335:
1320:
1319:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1004:
996:
994:
993:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
945:
934:
933:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
867:
861:
860:
836:
827:
826:
824:
823:
809:
786:Fertile Crescent
766:
754:
742:
730:
718:
706:
639:Syrian civil war
603:Sunni resistance
599:Iraqi resistance
568:Sasanian emperor
408:, small waders,
328:, at the border
294:Badiyat ash-Sham
271:Palmyrene desert
256:Harrat al-Shamah
188:Jordanian steppe
180:Bādiyat Ash-Shām
178:
160:
159:
157:
156:
155:
154:33.3333; 38.8333
150:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
118:
116:
115:
106:
104:
103:
94:
92:
91:
82:
80:
79:
51:
42:
41:
30:
21:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5636:Deserts of Iraq
5616:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5582:
5552:
5518:
5466:
5448:
5409:Nullarbor Plain
5366:
5277:Great Salt Lake
5222:Baja California
5198:
5169:Bardenas Reales
5151:
5133:
5086:Iranian Plateau
5080:
5037:
4962:
4943:Saryesik-Atyrau
4884:
4817:
4753:Farafra (White)
4694:
4680:List of deserts
4670:Desertification
4656:
4650:
4620:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4580:
4505:
4491:Public holidays
4477:
4419:
4381:
4375:
4367:
4319:
4274:
4243:
4236:
4223:
4216:
4072:
4041:
3990:
3939:
3926:
3916:Second Republic
3860:
3843:
3810:Crusader states
3775:Tulunid dynasty
3768:(Bilad al-Sham)
3767:
3765:Caliphal Syria
3759:Muslim conquest
3745:
3741:Byzantine Syria
3656:Akkadian Empire
3637:
3591:
3564:
3555:
3525:
3520:
3464:
3448:Public holidays
3371:
3222:
3205:
3144:
3114:
3097:
2956:
2936:
2919:
2850:Iraqi Kurdistan
2840:Euphrates river
2811:
2790:
2757:War (2014–2017)
2703:Operation Opera
2649:
2619:
2615:Arab Federation
2603:Kingdom of Iraq
2536:
2512:Fall of Babylon
2447:Akkadian Empire
2422:Samarra culture
2407:Hassuna culture
2384:
2371:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2326:
2321:
2280:
2234:
2208:
2117:Culture/society
2112:
2005:
2001:Muslim conquest
1971:Fall of Babylon
1902:
1803:
1790:
1674:
1592:
1587:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1499:Washington Post
1493:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1323:
1316:
1308:. p. 180.
1301:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1019:
1018:
1014:
997:
991:
989:
986:"Syrian Desert"
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
965:
947:
946:
937:
930:
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
893:
892:
888:
879:
877:
869:
868:
864:
857:
845:. FAO. p.
838:
837:
830:
821:
819:
811:
810:
803:
799:
777:
770:
767:
758:
755:
746:
743:
734:
731:
722:
719:
710:
707:
698:
673:for livestock.
667:
641:and concurrent
579:
540:Seleucid Empire
483:
478:
470:locally extinct
345:
302:
290:Badiyat al-Sham
244:
232:desert pavement
153:
151:
147:
144:
139:
136:
134:
132:
131:
113:
111:
110:
101:
99:
98:
89:
87:
86:
77:
75:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5654:
5652:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5578:Russian Arctic
5575:
5574:
5573:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5537:
5535:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5480:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5399:Great Victoria
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5347:Tule (Arizona)
5344:
5342:Tonopah Desert
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5317:Painted Desert
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5139:Southeast Asia
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4918:Dasht-e Naomid
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4598:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4389:
4387:
4386:Infrastructure
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4263:Syria (region)
4255:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4130:Prime Minister
4122:
4120:Vice President
4117:
4116:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4058:Southern Syria
4055:
4053:Syria (region)
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3899:
3896:State of Syria
3893:
3885:French Mandate
3882:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3807:
3805:Saljuqid Syria
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3785:Zangid dynasty
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3755:
3753:
3751:Medieval Syria
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:Seleucid Syria
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3587:Years in Syria
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3498:
3488:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:Transportation
3183:
3178:
3176:Stock Exchange
3173:
3171:Reconstruction
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Infrastructure
3148:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3031:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3010:Prime Minister
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2718:1991 uprisings
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Saddam Hussein
2665:
2654:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2598:Mandatory Iraq
2595:
2590:
2587:Mamluk dynasty
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Gutian dynasty
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Assyriologists
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2204:List of rulers
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Proto-Armenian
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:Middle Persian
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:Neo-Babylonian
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Old Babylonian
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Early Dynastic
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1526:
1511:
1486:
1461:
1436:
1415:
1408:
1388:
1373:
1355:
1348:
1321:
1314:
1294:
1280:
1260:
1253:
1234:
1205:
1193:geographic.org
1180:
1166:
1146:
1132:
1126:. p. 11.
1104:
1081:
1052:
1028:
1012:
977:
963:
935:
928:
908:
886:
862:
855:
828:
800:
798:
795:
794:
793:
788:
783:
781:Arabian Desert
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
761:
759:
756:
749:
747:
744:
737:
735:
732:
725:
723:
720:
713:
711:
708:
701:
697:
694:
666:
663:
651:Anbar campaign
583:Ottoman Empire
578:
575:
512:inscriptions,
482:
479:
477:
474:
392:golden hamster
375:. This desert
344:
341:
308:consisting of
301:
298:
252:volcanic field
248:Orontes Valley
243:
240:
228:Arabian Desert
222:, and western
163:
162:
129:
123:
122:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
18:Badia (region)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5653:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:Polar regions
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5476:South America
5473:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5352:Tule (Nevada)
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5204:North America
5201:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4986:Gurbantünggüt
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:Rub' al Khali
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4037:Syrian Desert
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4017:Golan Heights
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3855:Ottoman Syria
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3832:Ayyubid Syria
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Fatimid Syria
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:Aram-Damascus
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3643:Ancient Syria
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:Halaf culture
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3517:
3509:
3507:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3322:Iraqi Turkmen
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2957:(legislative)
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Syrian Desert
2888:
2886:
2885:Shatt al-Arab
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Faw peninsula
2818:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:Fall of Mosul
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:U.S. invasion
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Iran–Iraq War
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Buyid dynasty
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Halaf culture
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
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690:rural poverty
687:
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632:Syrian border
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426:camel spiders
423:
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388:
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382:
378:
374:
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368:
367:
362:
361:
360:Stipa barbata
356:
355:
350:
349:climax plants
342:
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322:Khawr um Wual
319:
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169:Syrian Desert
158:
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124:
121:
109:
97:
85:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
36:
33:Syrian Desert
31:
19:
5546:Meyer Desert
5404:Little Sandy
5174:Cabo de Gata
5056:Indus Valley
4976:Badain Jaran
4898:Aral Karakum
4890:Central Asia
4880:Wahiba Sands
4874:
4793:Richtersveld
4718:Black Desert
4675:Polar desert
4524:Coat of arms
4446:Demographics
4346:Central Bank
4227: /
4188:High council
4171:Human rights
4098:Constitution
4036:
3976:Governorates
3874:Arab kingdom
3866:Modern Syria
3838:Mamluk Syria
3766:
3350:Christianity
3232:Demographics
3166:Oil reserves
3161:Oil Industry
3128:Central Bank
3024:Human rights
2950:Constitution
2895:Tigris river
2889:
2875:Persian Gulf
2583:Ottoman Iraq
2568:Qara Qoyunlu
2402:Ubaid period
2199:Royal titles
2124:Architecture
1961:Neo-Assyrian
1808:(Pre)history
1632:
1628:Persian Gulf
1546:. Retrieved
1541:
1514:
1503:. Retrieved
1501:. 2006-09-10
1498:
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:the original
1464:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1418:
1398:
1391:
1364:
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1285:. Retrieved
1270:
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1192:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
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1118:
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1037:
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1021:
1015:
990:. Retrieved
980:
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889:
878:. Retrieved
874:
865:
841:
820:. Retrieved
816:
683:
668:
636:
580:
556:Dura-Europos
555:
547:
543:
532:Dura-Europos
529:
518:
514:proto-Arabic
503:
396:
389:
370:
364:
358:
352:
347:Some of the
346:
334:
326:Jebel Aneiza
303:
293:
289:
285:
283:
278:
270:
268:
245:
212:Saudi Arabia
191:
187:
183:
179:
168:
166:
108:Saudi Arabia
5454:New Zealand
5434:Sturt Stony
5394:Great Sandy
5332:Smoke Creek
5297:Lechuguilla
5282:Great Sandy
5272:Great Basin
4913:Betpak-Dala
4341:Agriculture
4298:air defense
4258:Nationalism
3918:(1950–1963)
3857:(1516–1918)
3840:(1260–1516)
3834:(1174–1260)
3731:Roman Syria
3623:Abu Hureyra
3618:Uruk period
3506:WikiProject
3307:Marsh Arabs
3292:Circassians
2973:Foreign aid
2865:Mesopotamia
2427:Uruk period
2302:Hittitology
2292:Assyriology
2213:Archaeology
2083:Old Persian
1893:Jemdet Nasr
1548:26 December
901:26 December
643:War in Iraq
637:During the
617:during the
613:capture of
581:During the
564:Mesopotamia
525:Roman times
412:, and also
306:semi-desert
279:Homs desert
218:, southern
200:semi-desert
177:بادية الشام
152: /
127:Coordinates
40:بادية الشام
5620:Categories
5541:Antarctica
5504:Patagonian
5489:La Guajira
5429:Strzelecki
5322:Red Desert
5262:Forty Mile
5247:Chihuahuan
5227:Black Rock
5043:South Asia
5028:Taklamakan
4803:Tanezrouft
4559:television
4441:Censorship
4368:(currency)
4200:Parliament
4159:Iskandaron
4103:Corruption
3666:Canaanites
3423:Television
3403:Literature
3365:Irreligion
3340:Secularism
3277:Minorities
3145:(currency)
3138:Corruption
2983:Government
2774:Insurgency
2573:Aq Qoyunlu
2394:Chronology
2266:Divination
1976:Achaemenid
1941:Isin-Larsa
1834:Trialetian
1829:Mousterian
1816:Prehistory
1505:2011-02-02
1480:2011-02-02
1455:2011-02-02
1430:2011-02-02
1287:2 February
1227:2 February
1198:2 February
1173:2 February
1139:3 February
1045:3 February
992:2008-01-13
970:2 February
880:2016-07-27
822:2022-11-07
797:References
627:insurgency
462:hartebeest
318:salt flats
277:, and the
214:, eastern
140:38°50′00″E
137:33°20′00″N
5571:Greenland
5533:Antarctic
5381:Australia
5257:Escalante
5194:Deliblato
5051:Cholistan
4968:East Asia
4768:Moçâmedes
4501:Squatting
4476:refugees
4451:Education
4410:Transport
4351:Companies
4293:Air force
4270:Terrorism
4183:Judiciary
4144:Elections
4108:President
4012:Euphrates
4002:Al-Jazira
3986:Volcanoes
3971:Districts
3945:Geography
3922:Civil war
3912:(1946–50)
3904:(1930–46)
3898:(1925–30)
3892:(1922–25)
3443:Squatting
3408:Education
3355:Mandaeism
3324:/Turkoman
3302:Mandaeans
3287:Assyrians
3282:Armenians
3245:Languages
3133:Companies
3088:Judiciary
2998:President
2968:Elections
2963:Democracy
2809:Geography
2725:Sanctions
2643:2003–2011
2638:1968–2003
2633:1958–1968
2492:Babylonia
2139:Cuneiform
2015:Languages
1824:Acheulean
1711:Babylonia
1648:Euphrates
1598:Geography
1383:960210099
1219:. Paris:
671:rangeland
560:Euphrates
536:Euphrates
422:scorpions
410:waterfowl
377:ecosystem
310:limestone
300:Geography
284:The name
260:Euphrates
208:West Asia
190:, or the
72:Countries
67:Geography
5600:Category
5252:Colorado
5232:Carcross
5217:Amargosa
5189:Tabernas
5179:Monegros
5129:Registan
4933:Moiynkum
4928:Kyzylkum
4840:Ad-Dahna
4758:Kalahari
4708:Algerian
4611:Category
4571:Religion
4496:Scouting
4471:diaspora
4356:Industry
4280:Military
4225:national
4205:Speakers
4086:Politics
3995:Features
3661:Arameans
3651:Amorites
3582:Timeline
3562:articles
3486:Category
3335:Religion
3312:Persians
3196:Railways
3191:Airlines
3073:Military
2934:Politics
2910:Wildlife
2900:Umm Qasr
2730:Iraq War
2713:Gulf War
2625:Republic
2578:Safavids
2541:638–1958
2285:Academia
2239:Religion
2108:Urartian
2103:Sumerian
2088:Parthian
2023:Akkadian
1996:Sasanian
1986:Parthian
1981:Seleucid
1931:Simurrum
1921:Akkadian
1854:Khiamian
1844:Natufian
1756:Simurrum
1741:Kassites
1736:Hittites
1691:Adiabene
1124:ABC-CLIO
1001:cite web
951:(1996).
775:See also
615:Fallujah
595:Iraq War
571:Shapur I
510:Safaitic
343:Wildlife
330:tripoint
286:Shamiyah
250:and the
5605:Commons
5595:Project
5514:Tatacoa
5509:Sechura
5484:Atacama
5462:Rangipo
5424:Simpson
5419:Pedirka
5414:Painted
5372:Oceania
5337:Sonoran
5184:Oleshky
5061:Katpana
5033:Tengger
4958:Ustyurt
4948:Sarykum
4923:Karakum
4908:Barsuki
4903:Aralkum
4855:Judaean
4850:Arabian
4813:Western
4743:Eastern
4733:Danakil
4654:deserts
4595:Outline
4576:Smoking
4529:Cuisine
4511:Culture
4429:Society
4329:Economy
4046:Related
4032:Orontes
3961:Borders
3570:History
3516:Commons
3433:Smoking
3398:Culture
3393:Cuisine
3376:General
3360:Yazidis
3317:Solluba
3270:Persian
3260:Kurdish
3255:Aramaic
3220:Society
3201:Tourism
3112:Economy
2860:Islands
2835:Borders
2660: (
2650:present
2585:(incl.
2497:Assyria
2442:Subartu
2382:History
2271:Prayers
2256:Deities
2220:Looting
2063:Kassite
2058:Hurrian
2053:Hittite
2043:Elamite
2038:Eblaite
2033:Aramaic
2028:Amorite
1951:Kassite
1926:Gutians
1908:History
1873:Samarra
1869:Hassuna
1839:Zarzian
1761:Subartu
1751:Mitanni
1716:Chaldea
1706:Assyria
1679:Ancient
1065:"Sumer"
696:Gallery
679:nomadic
675:Bedouin
550:by the
548:Europos
534:on the
521:Palmyra
506:Bedouin
490:Palmyra
481:Ancient
476:History
458:cheetah
454:ostrich
452:, also
450:caracal
430:gazelle
414:raptors
385:grasses
275:Palmyra
273:around
161:
5558:Arctic
5444:Tirari
5439:Tanami
5389:Gibson
5327:Sevier
5312:Owyhee
5302:Mojave
5237:Carson
5212:Alvord
5161:Europe
5147:La Paz
5124:Polond
5119:Naomid
5066:Kharan
5023:Qaidam
5011:Kubuqi
5001:Kumtag
4953:Taukum
4875:Syrian
4808:Ténéré
4798:Sahara
4778:Nubian
4763:Libyan
4738:Djurab
4728:Chalbi
4713:Bayuda
4700:Africa
4665:Desert
4652:World
4519:Anthem
4466:People
4461:Hunger
4456:Health
4366:Pound
4068:Levant
4027:Hermon
4022:Hauran
3981:Rivers
3966:Cities
3876:(1920)
3696:Ugarit
3681:Yamhad
3560:
3496:Portal
3438:Sports
3413:Health
3388:Cinema
3240:Iraqis
3143:Dinar
3078:Police
2880:Places
2370:topics
2098:Sutean
2073:Median
2068:Luwian
2048:Gutian
1936:Ur III
1849:Nemrik
1786:Cities
1781:Urartu
1731:Hamazi
1726:Gutium
1701:Armani
1653:Tigris
1606:Modern
1544:. IFAD
1406:
1381:
1371:
1346:
1312:
1278:
1251:
1221:UNESCO
1164:
1130:
961:
926:
853:
577:Modern
552:Greeks
466:onager
438:jackal
418:snakes
406:cranes
402:herons
398:Storks
216:Jordan
204:steppe
202:, and
196:desert
192:Badiya
186:, the
173:Arabic
117:
105:
96:Jordan
93:
81:
5499:Monte
5114:Margo
5104:Leili
5099:Khash
5094:Kavir
5016:Mu Us
5006:Ordos
4860:Negev
4845:Nefud
4783:Nyiri
4773:Namib
4748:Ferlo
4602:Index
4566:Music
4554:State
4549:Media
4539:Films
4484:women
3761:(636)
3686:Qatna
3628:Aswad
3558:Syria
3428:Music
3418:Media
3345:Islam
3297:Kurds
3123:Banks
3061:Women
2855:Lakes
2648:2011–
2608:Kings
2437:Sumer
2184:Music
2134:Akitu
1991:Roman
1883:Ubaid
1878:Halaf
1776:Tukri
1771:Sumer
1766:Suhum
1746:Media
1696:Akkad
1217:(PDF)
897:. FAO
381:plant
314:chert
236:wadis
220:Syria
120:Syria
5362:Yuma
5357:Yuha
5292:Kaʻū
5076:Thar
5071:Thal
4991:Hami
4981:Gobi
4823:Asia
4723:Blue
4544:Flag
4533:wine
4305:Navy
4288:Army
4176:LGBT
4135:list
4113:list
3691:Mari
3676:Ebla
3328:Jews
3051:LGBT
3015:List
3003:List
2368:Iraq
2230:Tell
1888:Uruk
1721:Elam
1550:2015
1404:ISBN
1379:OCLC
1369:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1289:2017
1276:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1229:2017
1200:2017
1175:2017
1162:ISBN
1141:2017
1128:ISBN
1069:سومر
1047:2017
1007:link
972:2017
959:ISBN
924:ISBN
903:2015
851:ISBN
684:The
653:and
647:ISIS
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544:Dura
464:and
448:and
434:wolf
424:and
369:and
292:(or
224:Iraq
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3068:Law
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