87:
1387:
669:, a low-Earth orbit satellite, circled the Earth's orbit every 96 minutes, passing over Pakistan for 15 minutes three to four times a day. Scientists, engineers, technicians, and designers who developed the satellite watched the launch from range. They waited about 93 minutes to ensure that the satellite had made one orbit and was transmitting, before dr. M. Shafi Ahmad called Prime minister
673:. The downlink telemetry included data on temperatures inside and on the surface of the sphere. The satellite itself, a small but highly polished polyhedron, was barely visible at sixth magnitude, and thus more difficult to follow optically. The satellite completed its designated life successfully. On the first orbit, the SUPARCO globally announced the launch of the satellite, and the
924:
36:
572:
468:
which was launched in 1984. After participating in various projects with
University of Surrey, the team returned to Pakistan in 1986. Munir Ahmad Khan then returned to General Zia-ul-Haq and obtained his approval to begin practical work on Badr-1. The project was started by SUPARCO's Dr. Salim Mehmud
1147:
Headquartered in SUPARCO headquarters, Karachi, it has been responsible directly and indirectly for the fabrication, processing and launch of the Muslim Ummah's first experimental satellite, Badr-1. It was a historical event not only for the people of
Pakistan but also for the entire Muslim Ummah as
459:
addressed Munir Ahmad Khan proposing the development of an Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, the task previously achieved by India. Munir Ahmad Khan took the matter to
General Zia-ul-Haq who gave approval of this project. As part of the development of this project, SUPARCO sent a number of its
620:
in 1986, the United States
Government and NASA had halt all the flights of the rockets carrying spacecraft and satellite payloads until the investigations were thoroughly completed. The satellite was stored at the Instrumentation Laboratories (IL) and SUPARCO began to negotiate with other space
555:, and the downlink was near 145 MHz. The telemetry beacon was near 145 MHz. Data from 32 telemetry channels, including information from 9 temperature sensors, 16 current sensors, and 5 voltage sensors, was stored in an 8k memory bank and transmitted at 1200, 600, 300 and 150
711:
after India, to place a satellite in orbit. The satellite gave
Pakistani scientists an academic, scientific, and an amateur community experience in telemetry, tracking, control and data communications as the satellite successfully completed store and dump message tests for 5 weeks.
469:
as director of the project and was supported by the members of
Pakistan Amateur Radio Society. The SUPARCO began building the satellite at the Instrumentation Laboratories (IL), with Dr. Muhammad Riaz Suddle serving as its project manager. This project was called "
511:
was an indigenously built and developed satellite of
Pakistan. The major contractor was Instrumentation Laboratories and the Pakistan Amateur Radio Society, supported by Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Telecommunications. The satellite shaped as a
559:. Originally designed for a circular orbit at 250–300 miles' altitude, Badr-1 actually was inserted by the Long March rocket into an elliptical orbit of 127–615 miles. The cost of development and preparation of satellite was no more than
715:
Despite the international success gained, the
Pakistan's accomplishments were kept quiet in the homeland to prevent any exploitation of their failures or loss of secrets, which undermined the propaganda opportunity. The
629:
and its facility. SUPARCO did not want to wait any longer, therefore, the satellite was flown to People's
Republic of China in sub-assembled form. SUPARCO official's re-assembled the satellite at the
612:
was selected by NASA's administration as its launch vehicle. Preparation was made and its crew and satellite was stored at the aircraft, however, it was delayed due to unknown reasons. The
735:
satellite. The Badr-B was more sophisticated than Badr-1, with a CCD camera for pictures of Earth and a system that allowed ground stations to change the satellite's direction in space.
1614:
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1740:
1707:
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1702:
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362:
154:
67:
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1207:
947:
501:, Director of SUPARCO and the project was overseen by Dr. Muhammad Riaz Suddle, who served as its project manager. The satellite was slightly bigger than Soviet
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confirmed the launch of the satellite. As the satellite completed its life, a new project was launched, more ambitious, advanced, and difficult than
385:. The launch ushered new military, technological, and scientific developments in Pakistan and also provided data on radio-signal distribution in the
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further delayed the launch of the satellite which changed the plan. After the People's
Republic of China offered Pakistan to use its facility, the
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travelled at 17,500 miles per hour (28,200 km/h), taking 96.3 minutes to complete an orbit, and emitted radio signals at the 145 to 435
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1200:
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1251:
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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1108:
Salim Mehmud, former Chairman of the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission and technical director of the Hatf-I project
717:
662:
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crushed the global perception about the space program, and the space program was only dedicated to its military applications.
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media authority, announced the first launch in televisions never made a headline, and only fewer details were projected. The
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Educating the country's academic, scientific and amateur community in the tracking and use of low-earth-orbiting satellites
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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was never shipped to United States and its launch was delayed for until next four years. As aftermath of the
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641:, a three-stage orbital carrier rocket designed to commercial communications satellites, to launch the
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it was the first satellite built by any Islamic country based on indigenous resources and manpower
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Performing experiments in real-time voice and data communications between two user ground stations
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electricity. The satellite was designed in SUPARCO's Satellite Research and Development Center in
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1986:
1981:
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1899:
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successfully completed its designed life, and a new satellite was proposed to be developed.
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Testing the performance of indigenously developed satellite subsystems in space environment
536:, with a mass of 52 kg. The satellite was powered with solar power panels with a 12.5
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280:
20:
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520:, was about 20 inches in diameter. The polyhedrons, covered with highly polished
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532:. The satellite carried two antennas designed by Instrumentation Laboratories. The
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was launched as a secondary payload on a Long March 2E rocket from Area No. 2 at
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19:
This article is about the Pakistani satellite. For the Yemeni rocket, see
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389:. Originally planned to be launched from the United States in 1986, the
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Creating an infrastructure for future satellite development activities
590:(NASA) for the launch of the satellite and approval required from the
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2017:
1996:
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was completed, the satellite could not be able to launch until 2001.
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offered Government of Pakistan to launch the satellite on one of its
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and an experimental artificial satellite which was launched into
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and gained SUPARCO's status as an executive authority. In 1981,
1722:
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and final preparations were made. The Chinese Government used
1421:
National Centre for Remote Sensing and Geo-informatics (NCRG)
1055:
Salim Mehmud, Former Technical Director of the Hatf-I Project
481:. In short span of time first satellite of the project named
744:
Acquiring know-how for indigenous development of satellites
756:
Demonstrating store-and-forward type message communication
731:
The satellite formed the derivatives and the basis of the
645:
who also took its first maiden flight with the launch of
361:
launched by Pakistan's national space authority — the
1135:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 46.
567:
Launch vehicle preparation and launch site selection
439:(ISRO) successfully launched their first satellite,
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2010:
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695:With the successful development and launch of the
544:. The satellite had one radio channel for digital
443:, in 1975. After four years, on 13 December 1979,
1053:; P. Proctor (1989). "Pakistan Space Programme".
967:
965:
963:
602:decided to fly the satellite by using one of its
373:'s first indigenously developed and manufactured
1404:Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
1024:"BADR-1 Pakistan's First Experimental Satellite"
606:aircraft in 1986 to Florida, United States. The
979:. Aerospace Guide. 10 July 2011. Archived from
381:by Pakistan on 16 July 1990, through a Chinese
1104:"Pakistan and Satellite Communication Systems"
948:Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
2795:History of science and technology in Pakistan
1734:
1416:Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics
1369:
1201:
588:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
8:
28:
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1194:
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27:
1110:. Federation of American Scientists (FAS)
977:Aerospace Guide: Pakistan Space Programme
16:Pakistani digital communication satellite
2800:First artificial satellites of a country
767:
959:
1132:Asian Space Race: Rhetoric or Reality?
2820:Communications satellites of Pakistan
464:to participate in the development of
447:managed a cabinet-level meeting with
7:
621:powers. In 1990, representatives of
578:was launched through Long March 2E.
344:
2785:Satellites formerly orbiting Earth
633:. The satellite was loaded at the
551:A transponder uplink was near 435
473:" and was initially funded by the
437:Indian Space Research Organisation
14:
435:project dated back to 1979, when
1385:
922:
302:984.0 kilometres (611.4 mi)
292:201.0 kilometres (124.9 mi)
631:Xichang Satellite Launch Center
449:Chief Martial Law Administrator
401:Xichang Satellite Launch Center
1102:; P. Proctor (20 March 2000).
1026:. Online Induction. March 2011
863:temperature, current, voltage
475:Ministry of Telecommunications
417:Pakistan Amateur Radio Society
97:
1:
1410:Institute of Space Technology
415:bands which were operated by
2805:Government of Benazir Bhutto
1075:10.1016/0265-9646(89)90088-X
2815:Spacecraft launched in 1990
600:Air Force Strategic Command
2836:
681:. However, even after the
493:The technical director of
399:was finally launched from
164:52 kilograms (115 lb)
18:
2758:
1636:Sonmiani Flight Test Rage
1223:
1169:28 September 2007 at the
815:Average Conditioned Power
330:
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257:
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228:
224:
180:
176:
141:
137:
49:
33:
2810:China–Pakistan relations
1619:University of the Punjab
1615:Astronomical Observatory
1568:Lunar prediction program
1436:Satellite Ground Station
973:"Pakistan Space Program"
592:United States Government
359:communications satellite
1391:Pakistani Space Program
1227:National Space Agency:
869:Data Transmission Rates
764:Technical configuration
507:satellite in size. The
193:12 July 1990, 00:40:00
1605:University Observatory
594:for the launch of the
579:
375:digital communications
357:and the first digital
44:, prior to its launch.
1708:Spin-off technologies
1657:Ishrat Hussain Usmani
1609:University of Karachi
1164:Official SUPARCO site
657:On 16 July 1990, the
574:
267:Reference system
146:Spacecraft properties
1757:Orbital launches in
1573:SUPARCO rocket tests
1217:Pakistani spacecraft
586:negotiated with the
561:Rs. 1.2 million
524:, made of aluminium-
516:with 26 surfaces or
462:University of Surrey
1598:Space observatories
1176:Space Today writeup
1129:Lele, Ajey (2012).
1067:1989SpPol...5..217M
718:Pakistan Television
709:South Asian country
618:Challenger disaster
479:Ministry of Science
453:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
431:The history of the
392:Challenger disaster
30:
1691:History and policy
1672:Wladyslaw Turowicz
1100:Mehmud, PhD, Salim
1051:Mehmud, PhD, Salim
983:on 2 February 2015
930:Spaceflight portal
849:Telemetry Channels
653:Launch and mission
627:Long March Rockets
623:Chinese government
580:
262:Orbital parameters
133:35 days (achieved)
2770:
2769:
1716:
1715:
1698:Space Vision 2040
1667:Abdul Qadeer Khan
1554:
1553:
1452:Earth observation
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1245:Earth observation
1142:978-81-322-0733-7
913:
912:
873:1200,600,300,150
809:17 square facets
703:became the first
649:on 16 July 1990.
546:store-and-forward
427:Before the launch
334:
333:
2827:
2632:Molniya 1T No.70
2492:Molniya-3 No.54L
2404:Molniya-1T No.68
2324:DFS Kopernikus 2
2243:Molniya 3 No.47L
1841:Molniya-3 No.53L
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943:Badr (satellite)
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909:9 December 1990
768:
722:state-controlled
675:Science ministry
548:communications.
445:Munir Ahmad Khan
353:) was the first
348:
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288:Perigee altitude
271:Geocentric orbit
185:Start of mission
130:Mission duration
125:
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2790:Badr satellites
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2637:Gorizont No.33L
2582:Gorizont No.32L
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2482:Resurs-F1 No.51
2457:
2448:Eutelsat II F-1
2414:Resurs-F1 No.49
2343:
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2253:Gorizont No.30L
2204:
2195:Resurs-F1 No.50
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2132:Molniya-1 No.71
2006:
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1939:Nadezhda No.405
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485:was developed.
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379:low Earth orbit
365:— in 1990. The
298:Apogee altitude
281:Low Earth orbit
249:9 December 1990
111:
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40:The display of
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21:Badr-1 (rocket)
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2502:Meteor-2 No.25
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2473:Qiqiuweixing 1
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2710:Gran' No.37L
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2497:Progress M-5
2469:Fengyun I-02
2419:Marco Polo 2
2409:Progress M-4
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1977:Intelsat 603
1961:Progress M-3
1948:
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1921:Gran' No.35L
1904:
1789:
1677:Salim Mehmud
1523:
1495:IST missions
1316:
1288:IST missions
1146:
1131:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1107:
1058:
1054:
1028:. Retrieved
985:. Retrieved
981:the original
976:
905:Reentry Date
904:
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805:Solar Panels
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534:power supply
508:
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499:Salim Mehmud
494:
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471:Project Badr
470:
457:Salim Mehmud
432:
430:
420:
419:(PARS). The
408:
396:
391:
366:
350:
336:
335:
322:96.3 minutes
238:Last contact
151:Manufacturer
54:Mission type
41:
25:
2745:Kosmos 2120
2740:Kosmos 2119
2736:Kosmos 2118
2732:Kosmos 2117
2728:Kosmos 2116
2724:Kosmos 2115
2720:Kosmos 2114
2715:Kosmos 2113
2705:Kosmos 2112
2700:Kosmos 2111
2696:Kosmos 2110
2692:Kosmos 2109
2687:Kosmos 2108
2682:Kosmos 2107
2676:Soyuz TM-11
2647:Kosmos 2106
2618:Kosmos 2105
2613:Kosmos 2104
2592:Kosmos 2103
2561:Kosmos 2102
2518:Kosmos 2101
2487:Kosmos 2100
2453:Kosmos 2099
2439:Kosmos 2098
2429:Kosmos 2097
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2392:Kosmos 2095
2388:Kosmos 2094
2384:Kosmos 2093
2380:Kosmos 2092
2376:Kosmos 2091
2372:Kosmos 2090
2367:Kosmos 2089
2356:Soyuz TM-10
2339:Kosmos 2088
2329:Kosmos 2087
2315:Kosmos 2086
2310:Kosmos 2085
2258:Kosmos 2084
2248:Kosmos 2083
2190:Kosmos 2082
2185:Kosmos 2081
2181:Kosmos 2080
2177:Kosmos 2079
2172:Kosmos 2078
2158:Kosmos 2077
2153:Progress 42
2137:Kosmos 2076
2127:Kosmos 2075
2110:Kosmos 2074
2105:Kosmos 2073
2095:Kosmos 2072
2090:Foton No.6L
2067:Kosmos 2071
2063:Kosmos 2070
2059:Kosmos 2069
2055:Kosmos 2068
2051:Kosmos 2067
2047:Kosmos 2066
2043:Kosmos 2065
2039:Kosmos 2064
2002:Kosmos 2063
1992:Kosmos 2062
1987:Kosmos 2061
1982:Kosmos 2060
1927:Superbird B
1887:Kosmos 2059
1882:Zhongxing 3
1866:Kosmos 2058
1861:Kosmos 2057
1807:Kosmos 2056
1802:Kosmos 2055
1662:Abdul Majid
1652:Abdus Salam
1485:Paksat-MM1R
1278:Paksat-MM1R
895:Launch Date
819:12.5 watts
799:52 kg
691:Achievement
522:heat shield
403:in 1990 on
351:Full Moon-A
308:Inclination
211:Launch site
190:Launch date
161:Launch mass
2779:Categories
2535:FSW-1 No.3
2100:Palapa B2R
1906:Soyuz TM-9
1629:Spaceports
1541:Paksat-MM1
1445:Satellites
1334:Paksat-MM1
1238:Satellites
1061:(3): 217.
954:References
778:polyhedron
609:Delta 3000
514:polyhedron
387:ionosphere
355:artificial
349:, meaning
246:Decay date
172:12.5 watts
58:Technology
2623:Satcom C1
2556:Westar 6S
2462:September
2444:Skynet 4C
2300:Optus-MFS
2072:AsiaSat 1
1781:Skynet 4A
1480:Paksat-1R
1464:PakTES-1A
1406:(SUPARCO)
1273:Paksat-1R
1257:PakTES-1A
1181:ARRL site
1114:15 August
1030:25 August
987:25 August
825:Down Link
776:26-Facet
772:Structure
526:magnesium
504:Sputnik 1
441:Aryabhata
81:1990-059A
75:COSPAR ID
2656:December
2575:November
2238:INSAT-1D
2200:Kristall
2167:MacSat 2
2163:MacSat 1
1875:February
1850:Hagoromo
1832:Webersat
1796:Leasat 5
1536:Paksat-1
1329:Paksat-1
1167:Archived
916:See also
888:kilobyte
789:passive
701:Pakistan
530:titanium
497:was Dr.
451:General
371:Pakistan
64:Operator
2627:GStar 4
2607:Prowler
2546:Ulysses
2529:Unnamed
2511:October
2434:Yuri 3a
2285:Unnamed
2024:Unnamed
1900:Fuju 1b
1896:Orizuru
1892:Momo 1b
1820:UoSAT-4
1816:UoSAT-3
1785:JCSAT-2
1774:January
1546:ICube-1
1512:Retired
1503:ICUBE-Q
1339:ICube-1
1305:Retired
1296:ICUBE-Q
1229:SUPARCO
1063:Bibcode
859:Sensors
837:Up Link
584:SUPARCO
363:SUPARCO
215:Xichang
155:SUPARCO
113:suparco
108:Website
96:SATCAT
68:SUPARCO
2669:STS-35
2663:USA-68
2642:USA-66
2603:USA-67
2598:STS-38
2587:USA-65
2541:STS-41
2523:USA-64
2362:USA-63
2348:August
2296:Badr-1
2233:USA-62
2229:USA-61
2225:USA-60
2221:USA-59
2121:Hubble
2116:STS-31
2085:USA-58
2081:USA-57
2077:USA-56
2034:USA-55
2030:Pegsat
2018:Ofek-2
1997:USA-54
1955:USA-53
1950:STS-36
1916:USA-52
1912:USA-51
1855:USA-50
1824:Pacsat
1812:SPOT-2
1791:STS-32
1766:1991 →
1751:← 1989
1645:People
1529:Badr-B
1524:Badr-1
1459:PRSS-1
1418:(ISPA)
1322:Badr-B
1317:Badr-1
1139:
938:Badr-B
733:Badr-B
726:Badr-1
697:Badr-1
684:Badr-1
679:Badr-1
667:Badr-1
659:Badr-1
647:Badr-1
643:Badr-1
614:Badr-1
598:. The
596:Badr-1
576:Badr-1
542:Lahore
518:facets
509:Badr-1
495:Badr-1
489:Design
483:Badr-1
433:Badr-1
421:Badr-1
409:Badr-1
397:Badr-1
367:Badr-1
337:Badr-1
318:Period
277:Regime
201:Rocket
121:/badr1
119:/pages
42:Badr-1
29:Badr-1
2552:SBS 6
2334:CRRES
2320:TDF 2
2291:Gamma
2216:ROSAT
2011:April
1970:March
1933:BS 2x
1846:Hiten
1836:LUSat
1703:ECSRC
1412:(IST)
604:C-130
466:UO-11
346:بدر-۱
312:28.4°
169:Power
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