631:
499:
647:
275:
655:
724:
358:
259:
456:
60:
243:
1888:
507:
251:
762:
267:
918:
1071:
630:
668:, which were territorial divisions like judicial circuits, where the chief men met together at major centers, at fixed times of year, under the eye of the proconsul, to oversee the administration of justice: the
3056:
3051:
498:
769:
Baetica was rich and strongly
Romanized, attracting colonists and merchants from Italy. Since the 1st century BC it produced outstanding figures like the aforementioned Columella, the rhetorician
1930:
712:
is lastly applied to certain bodies of Roman citizens living in a province, forming a sort of enfranchised corporation, and representing the Roman people in their district as a kind of
528:
that were staples of the
Mediterranean diet, and its products formed part of the western Mediterranean trade economy even before it submitted to Rome in 206 BC. After the defeat of
1923:
1627:
1887:
1405:
1916:
1327:
995:
1583:
La ciudad bĂ©tica durante la AntigĂĽedad TardĂa. Persistencias y mutaciones locales en relaciĂłn con la realidad urbana del
Mediterraneo y del Atlántico
646:
93:
3066:
1360:
Arnold
Blumberg, "Great Leaders, Great Tyrants? Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History", 1995, Greenwood Publishing Group, p.315
1620:
754:. It was to keep Roman legions supplied by sea routes that the Empire needed to control the distant coasts of Lusitania and the northern
558:, who became consul in 195 BC and was given the command of the whole peninsula to put down the rebellion in the northeast and the lower
1504:
2436:
720:
put to death a number of leading
Baetians— including women — the elite in Baetica remained a stable class for centuries.
2585:
859:) crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and looted rural towns for months until they were expelled. A century later, in 296–297, Emperor
274:
1600:
847:
for most of imperial history, though it faced a permanent threat stemming from Africa from the 2nd century AD. On 171 groups of
3010:
2261:
1613:
226:
201:
2329:
2253:
2242:
1500:
1994:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
3071:
2396:
2030:
716:; and it was from among these that proconsuls generally took their assistants. So in spite of some social upsets, as when
2833:
1939:
1832:
1261:
654:
585:
In the reorganization of the Empire in 14 BC, Baetica was made a senatorial province, which means it was governed by a
2316:
1710:
1235:
793:. The last three were members of the Annaea family, a prominent Roman gens settled in CĂłrdoba. Facts that the Emperor
723:
1595:
867:
nearby CĂłrdoba from where to command the campaign against piracy in the Strait and Berber incursions in
Mauritania.
562:
valley. He then marched southwards and put down a revolt by the
Turdetani. Cato returned to Rome in 194, leaving two
546:, Hispania was significantly Romanized in the course of the 2nd century BC, following the uprising initiated by the
1817:
1550:
1532:
1032:
357:
1908:
3061:
2513:
2455:
2266:
1740:
1546:
1528:
1248:
1045:
582:(the Guadalquivir region). The battles in Hispania during the 1st century BC were largely confined to the north.
809:) to the inhabitants of Hispania, an honor that secured the loyalty of the Baetian elite and its middle class.
258:
2853:
2838:
2662:
2391:
2338:
2334:
2296:
2228:
2049:
1877:
1867:
1750:
1715:
1695:
1675:
1332:
1200:
1095:
2657:
2604:
2541:
2381:
2371:
2200:
2170:
1822:
1807:
1745:
1660:
1650:
1400:
965:
464:
1285:
2863:
2306:
2190:
1795:
1655:
952:
620:
306:
369:, the mountainous area that was to become Baetica was occupied by several settled Iberian tribal groups.
2878:
2647:
2460:
2386:
1979:
1690:
1108:
615:
786:
455:
425:
2301:
909:
and his nobles. As an administrative unit, Baetica ceased to exist after the
Islamic invasion in 711.
242:
3016:
2533:
2185:
2017:
1987:
1827:
1720:
887:
852:
751:
601:
and a dynamic, upwardly-mobile social and economic middling stratum developed there, which absorbed
3022:
2977:
2795:
2785:
2447:
2276:
2223:
2218:
1991:
1725:
1700:
1008:
883:
705:
664:
59:
816:, the first emperor since Claudius to be of provincial birth, though of Italic stock, was born in
742:
plantations of
Baetica shipped olive oil from the coastal ports by sea to supply Roman legions in
506:
250:
2873:
2848:
2755:
2730:
2619:
2503:
2353:
2165:
1962:
1812:
1770:
1765:
1423:
774:
346:
219:
1458:
1605:
3000:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2596:
2566:
2363:
2213:
2104:
2094:
2069:
2064:
1897:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
1857:
1852:
1780:
1775:
1374:
717:
681:
594:
298:
206:
72:
1564:
2936:
2931:
2888:
2843:
2750:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2423:
2152:
1755:
1442:
825:
821:
770:
533:
441:
420:) was on an island against the coast of Hispania Baetica. Other important Iberians were the
378:
266:
700:). As the towns became the permanent seats of standing courts during the later Empire, the
2916:
2906:
2813:
2765:
2720:
2639:
2561:
2546:
2465:
2208:
2112:
2084:
2059:
2041:
1670:
1418:
833:
761:
484:
136:
864:
917:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2858:
2803:
2614:
2508:
2480:
2470:
2348:
2137:
2132:
2089:
2079:
1760:
1680:
1636:
1575:
Baetica Felix: People and
Prosperity in Southern Spain from Caesar to Septimius Severus
1573:
895:
755:
624:
567:
555:
290:
42:
1440:, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139",
574:
into a "Nearer" and a "Farther" province, as experienced marching overland from Gaul:
3045:
2808:
2760:
2725:
2715:
2624:
2324:
2127:
2122:
2074:
2054:
1983:
1967:
1705:
1685:
1665:
1058:
837:
445:
401:
514:
The south of the Iberian peninsula was agriculturally rich, providing for export of
3006:
2823:
2818:
2770:
2556:
2523:
2518:
2343:
2117:
1995:
1730:
610:
551:
386:
374:
366:
46:
878:
passed through in the 5th century, followed by the more permanent kingdom of the
3029:
2901:
2868:
2780:
2735:
2609:
2551:
1872:
1801:
1735:
1387:
805:
799:
735:
602:
538:
2002:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
901:
of Baetica, solidly backed by their local population, were able to convert the
349:, whose fertile valley formed one of the most important parts of the province.
2896:
2740:
2142:
1971:
1898:
1437:
891:
734:, who wrote a twelve volume treatise on all aspects of Roman farming and knew
593:
appointed by the Senate. Its capital was Colonia Patricia Corduba (modern day
394:
108:
95:
2682:
2571:
2180:
2175:
1790:
926:
794:
782:
731:
639:
586:
547:
519:
421:
390:
382:
314:
310:
302:
836:, though born in Rome, had ancestors born in the town of Ucubi (modern day
449:
278:
Reconstruction of Maximian's Herculean Palace in CĂłrdoba (late-3rd century)
1457:
Unless otherwise noted, the governors from 138 through 180 are taken from
404:, in the hinterland behind the coastal Phoenician trading colonies, whose
2775:
2745:
2667:
2376:
2291:
1999:
906:
902:
879:
860:
743:
689:
673:
543:
529:
433:
294:
1566:
Rome and Baetica: Urbanization in Southern Spain, C. 50 BC – AD 150
2972:
2828:
2687:
2629:
2286:
2281:
2271:
1847:
1436:
Unless otherwise noted, governors from 78/79 to 136/137 are taken from
1369:
1072:
Galeo Tettienus Severus Marcus Eppuleius Proculus Tiberius Caepio Hispo
930:
856:
829:
817:
747:
697:
635:
590:
563:
468:
429:
409:
397:
17:
2982:
1862:
1842:
1837:
1337:
1187:
898:
871:
813:
790:
713:
413:
1479:
Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander
309:. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the
3028: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
2677:
2672:
2652:
916:
875:
778:
760:
739:
722:
653:
645:
629:
606:
524:
505:
497:
454:
417:
405:
356:
326:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
2392:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1401:"Direct Promotions from Proconsul to Consul under the Principate"
597:), founded in 169 BC. Fortune smiled on rich Baetica, which was
571:
559:
515:
432:
regions. Towards the southeast, Punic influence spread from the
370:
2961:
2421:
2015:
1951:
1912:
1609:
1601:
Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
609:. The Senatorial province of Baetica became so secure that no
1446:, 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237.
1986:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
803:
that extended the rights pertaining to Roman citizenship (
3057:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
3052:
States and territories established in the 1st century BC
613:
was required to be permanently stationed there, whereas
27:
Roman province in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula
262:
Statue of Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (CĂłrdoba)
566:
in charge of the two Iberian provinces. In the late
313:. Its territory approximately corresponds to modern
2887:
2794:
2706:
2638:
2595:
2584:
2532:
2494:
2446:
2435:
2362:
2315:
2252:
2241:
2199:
2151:
2103:
2040:
2029:
156:
146:
132:
85:
78:
68:
32:
1585:, Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Granada, Granada.
870:Baetica was Roman until the brief invasion of the
1465:(Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 262f
502:Amphitheatre of Itálica, Seville (2nd century AD)
64:The Roman province of Hispania Baetica, c. 125 AD
765:Bust of Marcus Annaeus Lucanus "Lucan" (CĂłrdoba)
301:) on 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by
1473:
1471:
1463:Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen
750:from Baetica have been found everywhere in the
463:Some of the Iberian cities retained their pre-
3009:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1924:
1621:
1515:Leunissen, "Direct promotions", pp. 249f
820:(Baetica), a colony established in 206 BC by
373:influence was not as strong as it was in the
8:
1569:in the series "Oxford Classical Monographs".
746:and general demand elsewhere in the empire.
658:Mosaic of the Roman villa of Salar (Granada)
3032:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
1541:] (in Spanish). Universidad de Navarra.
1490:Leunissen, "Direct promotions", p. 249
623:, in a camp which later became the city of
619:was permanently stationed to the north, in
467:names in Baetica throughout the Roman era.
459:Roman Sarcophagus (3rd century AD), Cordoba
361:Roman Mausoleum of Cordoba (1st century AD)
339:
331:
2958:
2592:
2443:
2432:
2418:
2249:
2037:
2026:
2012:
1948:
1931:
1917:
1909:
1628:
1614:
1606:
1406:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Papyrologie und Epigraphik
1328:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
650:Venus of Itálica, Seville (2nd century AD)
58:
29:
1966:. Provincial administration reformed and
436:cities on the coast: New Carthage (Roman
1940:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
1224:Publius Statius Paullus Postumus Junior
935:
840:), a Roman colony not far from CĂłrdoba.
727:Roman Theatre of Málaga (1st century AD)
246:Roman Temple of Cordoba (1st century AD)
1596:"Baetica, the great olive oil producer"
1353:
77:
67:
550:in 197. The central and north-eastern
1298:L. Sempronius O Celsus lius Fabianus
812:Baetica also gave Rome two emperors.
270:Roman Aqueduct of Almuñécar (Granada)
173:
169:
155:
145:
141:
127:
84:
7:
1637:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
738:, came from Gades (Cádiz). The vast
522:and the fermented fish sauce called
377:north. According to the geographer
1578:, (excerpt from the Introduction).
1309:Quintus Pomponius Munat Clodianus
882:. The province formed part of the
797:was rewarding when he granted the
381:, the indigenes were the powerful
25:
1581:El Housin Helal Ouriachen, 2009,
1539:Collective Biographies of Baetica
1262:Gaius Memmius Fidus Julius Albius
828:. Trajan's kinsman and successor
773:, his son the estoic philosopher
570:, Hispania remained divided like
2372:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1998:in c. 640–660, although in
1886:
408:inhabitants Ptolemy termed the "
224:
199:
1982:established after the death of
1552:Städte und Personen der Baetica
925:The Province was governed by a
2330:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
2254:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
1559:] (in German). de Gruyter.
662:Baetica was divided into four
495:, still signifies "new town".
1:
2397:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1975:
976:
970:
605:and far outnumbered the rich
53:14 BC – 5th century
894:' reconquest of Africa. The
554:soon followed suit. It took
3005: Re-established after
2317:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
1236:Publius Cornelius Anullinus
542:on the coast of Baetica at
158:• Visigothic conquest
3088:
1230:middle of the 2nd century
1227:middle of the 2nd century
1219:between 138 AD and 161 AD
1216:between 138 AD and 161 AD
1208:between 138 AD and 143 AD
1205:between 138 AD and 143 AD
1160:between 138 AD and 143 AD
1157:between 138 AD and 143 AD
1033:Gaius Cornelius Gallicanus
824:for Roman veterans of the
781:, author of the epic poem
389:in the west, bordering on
305:, and to the northeast by
35:Provincia Hispania Baetica
3067:History of CĂłrdoba, Spain
2995:
2978:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2968:
2957:
2431:
2417:
2025:
2011:
1958:
1947:
1895:
1884:
1646:
1249:Gaius Aufidius Victorinus
1096:Gaius Caecilius Classicus
1046:Lucius Antistius Rusticus
510:Emperor Hadrian (117–138)
345:, the Roman name for the
337:is an adjectival form of
178:
174:
170:
166:
142:
128:
124:
57:
52:
41:
2854:Palaestina III Salutaris
2050:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1676:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1409:, 89 (1991), p. 236
1333:Romanization of Hispania
1201:Gaius Javolenus Calvinus
1165:? Gaius Julius Proculus
1132:? Lustricius Bruttianus
929:who had formerly been a
832:also came from Itálica.
589:who had formerly been a
87: • Coordinates
3021: Placed under the
2382:Mauretania Caesariensis
2201:Diocese of the Britains
1823:Mauretania Caesariensis
1529:GarcĂa, Carmen Castillo
1315:first half 3rd century
1312:first half 3rd century
1304:first half 3rd century
1301:first half 3rd century
1293:first half 3rd century
1290:first half 3rd century
1188:Lucius Flavius Arrianus
966:Gaius Caetronius Miccio
708:, i.40.6) and the term
642:, 1–2nd century AD
578:(the Ebro region), and
385:, in the valley of the
254:Emperor Trajan (98–117)
2864:Phoenice II Libanensis
2567:Macedonia II Salutaris
1980:praetorian prefectures
1942:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1796:Hispania Tarraconensis
1557:Settlements in Baetica
1534:Prosopographia Baetica
1477:Paul M. M. Leunissen,
1176:Publius Tullius Varro
996:Marcus Ulpius Traianus
922:
766:
728:
659:
651:
643:
621:Hispania Tarraconensis
511:
503:
460:
362:
340:
332:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
2586:Praetorian prefecture
2461:Noricum mediterraneum
2437:Praetorian prefecture
2387:Mauretania Sitifensis
2282:Picenum Suburbicarium
2243:Praetorian prefecture
2031:Praetorian prefecture
1978: 293. Permanent
1286:Aulus Caecina Tacitus
1274:Caecilius Aemilianus
1109:Quintus Baebius Macer
921:Baelo Claudia (Cádiz)
920:
855:, roughly modern day
764:
726:
657:
649:
633:
509:
501:
458:
360:
277:
269:
261:
253:
245:
3072:14 BC establishments
3017:Diocese of Illyricum
3011:Prefecture of Africa
2766:Galatia II Salutaris
2534:Diocese of Macedonia
2424:Eastern Roman Empire
2186:Mauretania Tingitana
2018:Western Roman Empire
1828:Mauretania Tingitana
1721:Corsica and Sardinia
1661:Africa proconsularis
953:Gaius Vibius Serenus
888:Mauretania Tingitana
853:Mauretania Tingitana
752:Western Roman empire
285:, often abbreviated
3023:Quaestura exercitus
2796:Diocese of the East
2786:Pontus Polemoniacus
2448:Diocese of Pannonia
2277:Lucania et Bruttium
2224:Maxima Caesariensis
2219:Flavia Caesariensis
1726:Crete and Cyrenaica
1701:Bithynia and Pontus
937:
884:Exarchate of Africa
670:conventus Gaditanus
424:, who occupied the
289:, was one of three
148:• Established
105: /
2874:Syria II Salutaris
2731:Armenian Satrapies
2504:Dacia Mediterranea
2426:(395–c. 640)
2354:Venetia et Histria
2262:Apulia et Calabria
1963:Notitia Dignitatum
1813:Lycia et Pamphylia
1791:Hispania Lusitania
1771:Gallia Narbonensis
1766:Gallia Lugdunensis
1424:Naturalis Historia
1154:Egnatius Taurinus
1021:Sempronius Fuscus
936:
923:
886:and was joined to
787:Caesar's civil war
775:Seneca the Younger
767:
729:
660:
652:
644:
536:, which found its
512:
504:
483:by the Romans; in
461:
363:
347:Guadalquivir River
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
220:Visigothic Kingdom
109:37.5000°N 6.0000°W
3039:
3038:
3001:Septem Provinciae
2991:
2990:
2963:Other territories
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2736:Armenia III (536)
2708:Diocese of Pontus
2698:Phrygia Salutaris
2693:Phrygia Pacatiana
2597:Diocese of Thrace
2580:
2579:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2364:Diocese of Africa
2237:
2236:
2105:Diocese of Vienne
2095:Maxima Sequanorum
2007:
2006:
1906:
1905:
1858:Pannonia Superior
1853:Pannonia Inferior
1781:Germania Superior
1776:Germania Inferior
1640:
1319:
1318:
1213:Aelius Marcianus
718:Septimius Severus
704:were superseded (
696:(of Hispalis, or
576:Hispania Citerior
393:, and the partly
299:Iberian Peninsula
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
212:
211:
207:Hispania Ulterior
162: 5th century
16:(Redirected from
3079:
3062:Hispania Baetica
3015: Later the
2999: Later the
2959:
2937:Thebais Inferior
2932:Thebais Superior
2889:Diocese of Egypt
2879:Theodorias (528)
2741:Armenia IV (536)
2593:
2496:Diocese of Dacia
2486:Valeria ripensis
2444:
2433:
2419:
2302:Tuscia et Umbria
2250:
2153:Diocese of Spain
2038:
2027:
2013:
1977:
1960:As found in the
1949:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1890:
1786:Hispania Baetica
1756:Gallia Aquitania
1638:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1607:
1560:
1547:Castillo, Carmen
1542:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1455:
1449:
1434:
1428:
1416:
1410:
1399:Paul Leunissen,
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1143:Calestrius Tiro
1121:Instanius Rufus
978:
972:
938:
863:built a massive
843:Baetica enjoyed
826:Second Punic War
822:Scipio Africanus
791:Pompey the Great
771:Seneca the Elder
706:Justinian's Code
616:Legio VII Gemina
534:Second Punic War
428:and mountainous
400:with their city
379:Claudius Ptolemy
343:
335:
283:Hispania Baetica
228:
227:
216:
215:
203:
202:
196:
195:
180:
179:
120:
119:
117:
116:
115:
114:37.5000; -6.0000
110:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
88:
62:
37:
30:
21:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
2987:
2964:
2941:
2917:Augustamnica II
2883:
2790:
2702:
2640:Diocese of Asia
2634:
2587:
2576:
2562:Macedonia Prima
2528:
2490:
2466:Noricum ripense
2438:
2427:
2401:
2358:
2311:
2244:
2233:
2195:
2147:
2113:Alpes Maritimae
2099:
2085:Lugdunensis III
2042:Diocese of Gaul
2032:
2021:
2020:(395–476)
2003:
1970:established by
1954:
1943:
1937:
1907:
1902:
1891:
1882:
1843:Moesia Superior
1838:Moesia Inferior
1671:Alpes Maritimae
1642:
1634:
1592:
1545:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1456:
1452:
1435:
1431:
1419:Pliny the Elder
1417:
1413:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1324:
1009:Lucius Lucullus
984:UmbonÄus SilÄo
915:
834:Marcus Aurelius
688:(of Astigi, or
355:
323:
291:Roman provinces
225:
200:
159:
149:
113:
111:
107:
104:
99:
96:
94:
92:
91:
86:
63:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3085:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3013:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:Libya Inferior
2924:
2922:Libya Superior
2919:
2914:
2912:Augustamnica I
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Lycaonia (370)
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Dacia Ripensis
2506:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2171:Carthaginensis
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2138:Novempopulania
2135:
2133:Narbonensis II
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2090:Lugdunensis IV
2087:
2082:
2080:Lugdunensis II
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1761:Gallia Belgica
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Arabia Petraea
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1590:External links
1588:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1543:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1492:
1483:
1467:
1450:
1429:
1411:
1392:
1380:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1195:before 129 AD
1193:
1192:before 129 AD
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1138:Before 107 AD
1136:
1135:Before 107 AD
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
985:
981:
980:
974:
968:
962:
961:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
942:
914:
911:
905:Visigoth king
756:Atlantic coast
672:(of Gades, or
599:Baetica Felix,
568:Roman Republic
556:Cato the Elder
438:Carthago Nova,
412:". Phoenician
354:
351:
322:
319:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
222:
213:
210:
209:
204:
192:
191:
186:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
133:Historical era
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
89:
83:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
55:
54:
50:
49:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3084:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2960:
2956:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Palaestina II
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Cappadocia II
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Armenia Maior
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Alpes Cottiae
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2191:Tarraconensis
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Narbonensis I
2126:
2124:
2123:Aquitanica II
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Lugdunensis I
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:Constantine I
1981:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:Alpes Cottiae
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1481:(1989) p. 297
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:Baebius Massa
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:Before 67 AD
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
989:
986:
983:
982:
975:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
940:
939:
934:
932:
928:
919:
912:
910:
908:
904:
900:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
808:
807:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
763:
759:
758:of Hispania.
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
656:
648:
641:
637:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
617:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
508:
500:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Indo-European
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
359:
352:
350:
348:
344:
342:
336:
334:
328:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
307:Tarraconensis
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
223:
221:
218:
217:
214:
208:
205:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
177:
165:
161:
151:
138:
135:
131:
123:
118:
90:
81:
74:
71:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2983:Spania (552)
2844:Palaestina I
2824:Euphratensis
2771:Helenopontus
2751:Cappadocia I
2658:Hellespontus
2557:Epirus Vetus
2524:Praevalitana
2439:of Illyricum
2229:Valentia (?)
2214:Britannia II
2160:
2118:Aquitanica I
1996:theme system
1961:
1800:
1785:
1582:
1574:
1572:Evan Haley,
1565:
1563:A. T. Fear,
1556:
1551:
1538:
1533:
1522:Bibliography
1511:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1478:
1462:
1459:Géza Alföldy
1453:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1422:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1383:
1373:
1365:
1356:
924:
869:
851:(natives of
848:
844:
842:
811:
804:
798:
768:
730:
709:
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
663:
661:
614:
611:Roman legion
603:freed slaves
598:
584:
579:
575:
552:Celtiberians
537:
523:
513:
492:
488:
480:
476:
472:
462:
448:and Malaca (
437:
434:Carthaginian
387:Guadalquivir
367:Romanization
364:
338:
330:
324:
286:
282:
281:
189:Succeeded by
188:
183:
47:Roman Empire
34:
3030:Justinian I
2902:Aegyptus II
2834:Mesopotamia
2781:Paphlagonia
2610:Haemimontus
2588:of the East
2552:Epirus Nova
2476:Pannonia II
2209:Britannia I
2070:Germania II
1901:'s reforms.
1833:Mesopotamia
1388:Dio Cassius
944:Term Start
941:Proconsuls
736:viticulture
694:Hispalensis
686:Astigitanus
678:Cordubensis
539:casus belli
493:"ili-berri"
489:"iri-berri"
471:was called
375:Celtiberian
293:created in
184:Preceded by
152:14 BC
112: /
3046:Categories
3007:reconquest
2897:Aegyptus I
2859:Phoenice I
2814:Cilicia II
2721:Armenia II
2471:Pannonia I
2143:Viennensis
2065:Germania I
2060:Belgica II
2000:Asia Minor
1972:Diocletian
1899:Diocletian
1711:Cappadocia
1438:Werner Eck
1344:References
913:Proconsuls
892:Belisarius
845:Pax Romana
395:Hellenized
97:37°30′00″N
2809:Cilicia I
2761:Galatia I
2716:Armenia I
2683:Pamphylia
2615:Moesia II
2572:Thessalia
2349:Raetia II
2181:Lusitania
2176:Gallaecia
2166:Balearica
2055:Belgica I
1818:Macedonia
1706:Britannia
1505:VI, 15113
1390:, 60.21.5
1349:Citations
1084:? Gallus
947:Term End
927:proconsul
880:Visigoths
806:latinitas
800:Ius latii
795:Vespasian
783:Pharsalia
732:Columella
710:conventus
702:conventūs
665:conventūs
640:Essaouira
638:found in
587:proconsul
548:Turdetani
520:olive oil
477:Illiberis
442:Cartagena
422:Bastetani
391:Lusitania
383:Turdetani
315:Andalusia
311:Visigoths
303:Lusitania
137:Antiquity
100:6°00′00″W
2776:Honorias
2746:Bithynia
2519:Moesia I
2514:Dardania
2456:Dalmatia
2377:Byzacena
2344:Raetia I
2292:Sardinia
2267:Campania
2245:of Italy
1968:dioceses
1741:Dalmatia
1656:Aegyptus
1639:(117 AD)
1549:(1975).
1531:(1968).
1322:See also
907:Reccared
896:Catholic
861:Maximian
789:against
748:Amphoras
744:Germania
580:Ulterior
564:praetors
544:Saguntum
530:Carthage
473:Eliberri
295:Hispania
43:Province
2973:Taurica
2907:Arcadia
2869:Syria I
2839:Osroene
2829:Isauria
2688:Pisidia
2663:Islands
2630:Thracia
2625:Scythia
2620:Rhodope
2339:Aemilia
2335:Liguria
2307:Valeria
2297:Sicilia
2287:Samnium
2272:Corsica
2161:Baetica
2033:of Gaul
1988:Ravenna
1953:History
1878:Thracia
1868:Sicilia
1848:Noricum
1751:Galatia
1716:Cilicia
1696:Assyria
1686:Armenia
1375:Annales
1370:Tacitus
1280:215 AD
1277:215 AD
1269:183 AD
1266:183 AD
1256:171 AD
1253:171 AD
1243:171 AD
1240:170 AD
1182:124 AD
1179:123 AD
1171:123 AD
1168:122 AD
1149:108 AD
1146:107 AD
1127:102 AD
1124:101 AD
1116:101 AD
1113:100 AD
1016:70s AD
1013:70s AD
931:praetor
899:bishops
872:Vandals
857:Morocco
830:Hadrian
818:Itálica
698:Seville
692:), and
682:Cordoba
636:amphora
634:Betica
595:CĂłrdoba
591:praetor
532:in the
481:Illiber
469:Granada
440:modern
430:Granada
426:AlmerĂa
410:Bastuli
398:Turduli
365:Before
353:History
333:Baetica
287:Baetica
73:Corduba
69:Capital
45:of the
18:Baetica
3025:in 536
2819:Cyprus
2804:Arabia
2605:Europa
2542:Achaea
1992:Africa
1863:Raetia
1808:Iudaea
1802:Italia
1746:Epirus
1731:Cyprus
1651:Achaia
1443:Chiron
1338:Spania
1103:98 AD
1100:97 AD
1090:97 AD
1087:96 AD
1079:96 AD
1076:95 AD
1066:92 AD
1063:91 AD
1053:84 AD
1050:83 AD
1040:80 AD
1037:79 AD
1027:79 AD
1024:78 AD
990:44 AD
987:43 AD
979:38 AD
973:37 AD
960:22 AD
957:20 AD
890:after
865:palace
838:Espejo
814:Trajan
777:, and
714:gentry
485:Basque
450:Málaga
446:Abdera
371:Celtic
341:Baetis
2678:Lydia
2673:Lycia
2653:Caria
2547:Creta
2481:Savia
1873:Syria
1736:Dacia
1555:[
1537:[
1378:iv.13
903:Arian
876:Alans
849:mauri
779:Lucan
740:olive
690:Écija
674:Cádiz
607:elite
525:garum
418:Cadiz
414:Gadir
406:Punic
402:Baelo
327:Latin
297:(the
2648:Asia
1990:and
1691:Asia
1427:9.48
874:and
680:(of
625:LeĂłn
572:Gaul
560:Ebro
516:wine
479:and
321:Name
79:Area
2337:et
1501:CIL
933:.
785:on
684:),
676:),
491:or
452:).
444:),
325:In
3048::
1976:c.
1974:,
1470:^
1461:,
1421:,
1403:,
1372:,
1000:?
977:c.
971:c.
627:.
518:,
487:,
475:,
329:,
317:.
1932:e
1925:t
1918:v
1629:e
1622:t
1615:v
416:(
20:)
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