244:
inspected, borrowed, and later published finds produced for him by the company, which they had paid the quarry workers to hand in as they came across them in their work. These were finally transferred to the
British Museum in 1914 and then numbered some 750 pieces. The British Museum subsequently distributed small collections of "duplicate" material to any local museum that asked for one, and now holds 299 pieces from the "Smith Collection".
133:
36:
185:
in the 1840s. Quarrying is now finished and most of the site has been back-filled. Locating the precise findspots for the material described as coming from Baker's Hole is somewhat complicated, and the area from which they came is more precisely described as "Southfleet Pit" within the larger quarry;
243:
cutting, and a local amateur archaeologist, James Cross, began collecting finds from
Southfleet Pit from soon after quarrying began in 1909. Finds were published by R.A. Smith, an archaeologist from the British Museum, in 1911, although it appears that he never excavated at the site himself, but
440:
421:
385:
366:
467:
A History of the County of
Middlesex: Volume 1: Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, The Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes to 1870, Private Education from Sixteenth
283:
43:
1130:
540:
157:
just to the west, and
Swanscombe Thameside Community School ("Swan Valley School" in some sources) across Southfleet Road. Baker's Hole is traditionally described as in
439:*Scott, Beccy, "The investigation of Baker's Hole, Northfleet, Kent, 1909â1914; the impact of collection history upon the interpretation of archaeological data",
420:*Scott, Beccy, "The investigation of Baker's Hole, Northfleet, Kent, 1909â1914; the impact of collection history upon the interpretation of archaeological data",
384:*Scott, Beccy, "The investigation of Baker's Hole, Northfleet, Kent, 1909â1914; the impact of collection history upon the interpretation of archaeological data",
365:*Scott, Beccy, "The investigation of Baker's Hole, Northfleet, Kent, 1909â1914; the impact of collection history upon the interpretation of archaeological data",
1135:
305:
96:
445:
426:
390:
371:
1014:
1125:
114:
480:
59:
989:
651:
531:
841:
984:
941:
676:
631:
561:
548:
110:
27:
247:
The implications of this history are that, according to
Rebecca Scott of the British Museum, it cannot safely be assumed that the many
1049:
836:
351:
1140:
876:
771:
581:
1099:
921:
122:
964:
586:
217:. It is described by the Kent County Council archaeological service as a "Mousterian factory", with a sequence through the
906:
731:
1145:
1054:
861:
696:
1084:
856:
756:
866:
726:
229:
166:
1074:
781:
711:
671:
524:
154:
1039:
251:
found on the site are from the same levels as the cores and flakes, as has often been claimed in the past.
979:
871:
766:
174:
974:
901:
621:
611:
576:
999:
195:
1150:
846:
701:
666:
591:
517:
199:
170:
786:
721:
556:
509:
1094:
1019:
994:
736:
661:
656:
566:
327:
83:
1064:
1059:
1034:
949:
891:
821:
776:
706:
681:
636:
471:
1044:
1004:
911:
851:
811:
646:
182:
146:
931:
916:
881:
806:
801:
796:
791:
761:
751:
741:
691:
571:
233:
178:
53:
1119:
1024:
954:
746:
641:
606:
601:
209:", representing the discarded remains of production on a considerable scale of stone
132:
1079:
896:
616:
596:
206:
150:
236:, which in the past distributed small sets of artefacts to several other museums.
194:
The site has been described as "the best known
British Early Middle Paleolithic (
1089:
969:
831:
826:
816:
404:
328:"Northfleet (Ebbsfleet valley): Baker's Hole Complex (Quaternary of the Thames)"
214:
202:
1069:
1029:
1009:
716:
686:
226:
218:
158:
495:
482:
173:. For the main periods of archaeological finds, the site was quarried by the
1104:
926:
886:
626:
222:
162:
126:
35:
248:
210:
136:
Levallois flakes from Baker's Hole at the
British Museum (not on display)
125:
site. It is a nationally significant site for finds during quarrying of
330:. Geological Conservation Review. Joint Nature Conservation Committee
186:"Baker's Hole" proper is to the north, and has produced no finds.
153:
in Kent, an area rich in significant
Paleolithic sites, including
131:
239:
The first finds from the
Ebbsfleet valley were made in 1881 in a
240:
118:
513:
113:, mostly consisting of a back-filled quarry, adjacent to
308:. Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England
286:. Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England
394:, Volume 121, Issue 1, 2010, p 77, quote from abstract
129:tools, which are now dispersed among many museums.
940:
547:
92:
82:
74:
66:
52:
42:
465:, "Archaeology: The Lower Palaeolithic Age", in
259:The site is private land with no public access.
375:, Volume 121, Issue 1, 2010, 2010, pages 77â79
525:
213:tools by a population probably consisting of
8:
1131:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kent
1015:Houlder and Monarch Hill Pits, Upper Halling
541:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kent
175:Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers Ltd
21:
177:â the Swanscombe/Northfleet area was where
532:
518:
510:
446:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
427:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
391:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
372:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
165:but is now described as in the parish of "
34:
20:
405:"Hunting for the first humans in Britain"
449:, Volume 121, Issue 1, 2010, pages 80â81
430:, Volume 121, Issue 1, 2010, pages 79â80
109:is a 6.9 hectares (17 acres) geological
268:
115:Ebbsfleet International railway station
347:
345:
198:9-7) site". It produced "mostly large
284:"Designated Sites View: Baker's Hole"
278:
276:
274:
272:
7:
1136:Geological Conservation Review sites
990:Folkestone to Etchinghill Escarpment
652:Folkestone to Etchinghill Escarpment
985:Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay
677:Halling to Trottiscliffe Escarpment
632:Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay
562:Alkham, Lydden and Swingfield Woods
232:. Many of the finds are now in the
111:Site of Special Scientific Interest
28:Site of Special Scientific Interest
14:
1050:Sandwich Bay to Hacklinge Marshes
842:Scord's Wood and Brockhoult Mount
837:Sandwich Bay to Hacklinge Marshes
474:, Date accessed: 21 October 2011.
877:South Thames Estuary and Marshes
772:One Tree Hill and Bitchet Common
1126:1881 archaeological discoveries
582:Chattenden Woods and Lodge Hill
16:Protected area in Kent, England
1100:Wouldham to Detling Escarpment
922:Wouldham to Detling Escarpment
123:Geological Conservation Review
1:
907:West Blean and Thornden Woods
732:Lydden and Temple Ewell Downs
190:Archaeological investigations
1055:Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore
862:Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore
697:Holborough to Burham Marshes
965:Chequer's Wood and Old Park
587:Chequer's Wood and Old Park
1167:
1085:Tower Hill to Cockham Wood
867:Shorne and Ashenbank Woods
757:Medway Estuary and Marshes
975:Dover to Kingsdown Cliffs
622:Dover to Kingsdown Cliffs
230:archaeological industries
167:Swanscombe and Greenhithe
33:
26:
782:Otford to Shoreham Downs
712:Ileden and Oxenden Woods
672:Great Shuttlesfield Down
470:(1969), pp. 11â21.
155:Swanscombe Heritage Park
1141:Stone Age sites in Kent
1040:Pembury Cutting and Pit
145:Baker's Hole is in the
78:6.9 hectares (17 acres)
1105:Wye and Crundale Downs
927:Wye and Crundale Downs
872:Sissinghurst Park Wood
767:Oldbury and Seal Chart
463:British History Online
137:
1075:Swanscombe Skull Site
902:Trottiscliffe Meadows
857:Sevenoaks Gravel Pits
612:Cowden Pound Pastures
577:Charing Beech Hangers
353:Exploring Kent's Past
306:"Map of Baker's Hole"
135:
1000:Greatness Brickworks
149:valley south of the
1146:Borough of Dartford
702:Hollingbourne Downs
667:Great Crabbles Wood
592:Church Woods, Blean
492: /
409:British Archaeology
171:Kent County Council
23:
787:Park Wood, Chilham
722:Larkey Valley Wood
557:Alex Farm Pastures
411:, Iss 70, May 2003
138:
1113:
1112:
995:Folkestone Warren
737:Lympne Escarpment
727:Lullingstone Park
657:Folkestone Warren
567:Bourne Alder Carr
104:
103:
1158:
1065:Spot Lane Quarry
1060:Southborough Pit
1035:Otterpool Quarry
950:Allington Quarry
892:Tankerton Slopes
822:Queendown Warren
777:Orlestone Forest
707:Hothfield Common
682:Ham Street Woods
637:East Blean Woods
534:
527:
520:
511:
507:
506:
504:
503:
502:
497:
496:51.444°N 0.317°E
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
450:
437:
431:
418:
412:
401:
395:
382:
376:
363:
357:
349:
340:
339:
337:
335:
324:
318:
317:
315:
313:
302:
296:
295:
293:
291:
280:
62:
38:
24:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1045:Rusthall Common
936:
912:Westerham Mines
852:Seabrook Stream
812:Preston Marshes
647:Farningham Wood
543:
538:
500:
498:
494:
491:
486:
483:
481:
479:
478:
459:
454:
453:
438:
434:
419:
415:
402:
398:
383:
379:
364:
360:
350:
343:
333:
331:
326:
325:
321:
311:
309:
304:
303:
299:
289:
287:
282:
281:
270:
265:
257:
192:
183:Portland cement
143:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Hubbard's Hill
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
932:Yockletts Bank
929:
924:
919:
917:Westerham Wood
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
847:Scotney Castle
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
807:Polebrook Farm
804:
799:
797:Parsonage Wood
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:Northward Hill
759:
754:
752:Marden Meadows
749:
744:
742:Lynsore Bottom
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
662:Gibbin's Brook
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
572:Brookland Wood
569:
564:
559:
553:
551:
545:
544:
539:
537:
536:
529:
522:
514:
476:
475:
458:
457:External links
455:
452:
451:
432:
413:
403:Ashton, Nick,
396:
377:
358:
355:- Baker's Hole
341:
319:
297:
267:
266:
264:
261:
256:
253:
234:British Museum
191:
188:
181:had pioneered
179:William Aspdin
142:
139:
102:
101:
94:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
56:
54:Grid reference
50:
49:
46:
40:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1163:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Lenham Quarry
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Aylesford Pit
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:Parkgate Down
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:Magpie Bottom
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
642:Ellenden Wood
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
607:Cowden Meadow
605:
603:
602:Combwell Wood
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
535:
530:
528:
523:
521:
516:
515:
512:
508:
505:
501:51.444; 0.317
473:
469:
464:
461:
460:
456:
448:
447:
442:
436:
433:
429:
428:
423:
417:
414:
410:
406:
400:
397:
393:
392:
387:
381:
378:
374:
373:
368:
362:
359:
356:
354:
348:
346:
342:
329:
323:
320:
307:
301:
298:
285:
279:
277:
275:
273:
269:
262:
260:
254:
252:
250:
245:
242:
237:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
189:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
134:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
99:
95:
91:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
55:
51:
47:
45:
41:
37:
32:
29:
25:
19:
1095:Wateringbury
1080:Thanet Coast
960:Baker's Hole
959:
897:Thanet Coast
617:Darenth Wood
597:Cobham Woods
477:
466:
462:
444:
435:
425:
416:
408:
399:
389:
380:
370:
361:
352:
332:. Retrieved
322:
310:. Retrieved
300:
288:. Retrieved
258:
246:
238:
215:Neanderthals
193:
151:river Thames
144:
107:Baker's Hole
106:
105:
97:
93:Location map
84:Notification
22:Baker's Hole
18:
1090:Wansunt Pit
970:Dalham Farm
832:Robins Wood
827:River Beult
817:Purple Hill
802:Peter's Pit
692:Hoad's Wood
499: /
441:online text
422:online text
386:online text
367:online text
1151:Mousterian
1120:Categories
1070:Sturry Pit
1030:Oaken Wood
1010:High Rocks
942:Geological
717:Knole Park
687:Hatch Park
549:Biological
484:51°26â˛38âłN
334:11 January
312:14 January
290:14 January
263:References
227:Mousterian
219:Clactonian
159:Northfleet
121:. It is a
70:Geological
60:TQ 611 742
1005:Hart Hill
887:The Swale
882:Stodmarsh
627:Down Bank
487:0°19â˛01âłE
249:hand axes
223:Acheulian
200:Levallois
163:Gravesham
147:Ebbsfleet
127:Stone Age
98:Magic Map
211:hand axe
141:Location
67:Interest
44:Location
980:Dryhill
468:Century
241:tramway
472:online
255:Access
207:flakes
203:cores
169:" by
336:2018
314:2018
292:2018
225:and
205:and
119:Kent
88:1989
75:Area
48:Kent
196:MIS
117:in
1122::
443:,
424:,
407:,
388:,
369:,
344:^
271:^
221:,
161:,
533:e
526:t
519:v
338:.
316:.
294:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
