Baháʼí Faith in Africa - Knowledge (XXG)

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opposition to the previous Government for involvement in partisan politics and opposition to government are explicitly prohibited by the sacred Texts of our Faith.... During the time when the previous Government prohibited integration within our communities, rather than divide into separate administrative structures for each population group, we opted to limit membership of the Baháʼí Administration to the black adherents who were and remain in the majority of our membership and thereby placed the entire Baháʼí community under the stewardship of its black membership.... The pursuit of our objectives of unity and equality has not been without costs. The "white" Baháʼís were often ostracized by their white neighbours for their association with "non-whites". The Black Baháʼís were subjected to scorn by their black compatriots for their lack of political action and their complete integration with their white Baháʼí brethren.

511:"This was principally the result of a campaign by a number of Arab countries. Since these countries were also by this time providers of development aid, this overt attack on the Baha'is was supported by covert moves such as linking the aid money to a particular country to the action that it took against the Baha'is. This was partially successful and a number of countries did ban the Baha'is for a time. However, the Baha'is were able to demonstrate to these governments that they were not agents of 423: 113: 844:. The third came twenty-one years after the first and marked the arrival of the Baháʼí Faith in Kenya. In 1945 Mrs. Marguerite Preston (née Wellby) arrived in Kenya. She had been a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United Kingdom from 1939 through 1945 when she married a Kenyan tea grower and moved to Kenya where the couple had three children within two years and she was the only Baháʼí in the nation. The 259:

travel through all the continents and islands of the globe" and " …the anthem of the oneness of the world of humanity may confer a new life upon all the children of men, and the tabernacle of universal peace be pitched on the apex of America; thus Europe and Africa may become vivified with the breaths of the Holy Spirit, this world may become another world, the body politic may attain to a new exhilaration…."

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Africans in bringing the religion and then the Africans who understand their new religion were to be given freedom to rise up and spread the religion according to their own sensibilities and the pioneers to disperse or step into the background. Among the figures of the religion in Africa the most senior African historically would be

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population of Zambia has been estimated at over 162,443, or 1.70% of the population. Based on that data, Adherents.com ranks this as the sixteenth-highest national proportion of Baháʼís in the world. It also ranks Zambia's as the tenth-largest national Baháʼí community in the world in absolute terms,

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laments the decline of Islam and attacks the Baháʼís. During the year, Baháʼí homes are entered by police and literature of the religion is confiscated. On 12 April, four Baháʼís are arrested in Nador. A regional National Spiritual Assembly of North West Africa was organized which included Morocco in

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in Uganda was laid in January 1958, and it was dedicated on January 13, 1961. The building is more than 130 feet (39 m) high, and over 100 meters in diameter at the base. The green dome is made of fixed mosaic tiles from Italy, and the lower roof tiles are from Belgium. The walls of the temple are of

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which specified a minimum sentence of six months' imprisonment or a fine for any organized activities of the Baháʼís. All Baháʼí community properties, including Baháʼí centers, libraries, and cemeteries, were confiscated by the government except the cemetery Al-Rawda Al-Abadeyya. In obedience to the

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magazine on 12 December 1919. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mentions Baháʼís traveling "…especially from America to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, and travel through Japan and China. Likewise, from Germany teachers and believers may travel to the continents of America, Africa, Japan and China; in brief, they may

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and would echo in analyses of politics of Morocco for years to come. All Baháʼí meetings were prohibited in 1983 followed by arrests. This time, the response emphasized the non-partisan and obedience to government principles of the religion. 1992 estimates by the US Department of State counted some

1044:

The Baháʼí Faith in Algeria dates from 1952. Though the religion achieved some growth and organization through 1967 including converts, the period of the independence of Algeria when the country adopted Islamic practices in rejection of colonial influences, subsequently, the religion was effectively

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in Burundi-Ruanda. Through succeeding organizations of the countries in the region, the National Spiritual Assembly of Burundi was first formed in 1969 but was successively dissolved and reformed a number of times - most recently reforming in 2011. Even though the religion was banned for a time, and

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and the fourth-largest in Africa. The William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation, an organization founded in 1995 and run by the Zambian Baháʼí community, is particularly active in areas such as literacy and primary health care. The Maseltha Institute, its parent organization, was founded earlier in 1983.

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was assassinated in Iran, an enemy of the Baháʼís, Zaʻimu'd-Dawlih, used the rumour that the assassination had been performed by Baháʼís, to cause a massacre of the Baháʼís in Egypt. When Abu'l-Faḍl stood up in defense for the Baháʼís and stated that he himself was a Baháʼí, his allegiance became

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to various parts of Africa following the requests of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. It was emphasized that western pioneers be self-effacing and focus their efforts not on the colonial leadership but on the native Africans - and that the pioneers must show by actions the sincerity of their sense of service to the

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declared independence in 1965, succeeding political developments and wars changed the status of the country and the National Assembly was reformed and has continued since 1970 while Zimbabwe regained independence in 1980. By 2003, the 50th anniversary of the Baháʼís in Zimbabwe, a year of events

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and then chairman of the central regional National Assembly Ali Nakhjavani embarked on 15 days of visiting Baháʼís through Uganda and Kenya including seeing three regional conferences on the progress of the religion, staying in homes of fellow believers, and other events. She talked to audiences

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precast stone quarried in Uganda. The colored glass in the wall panels was brought from Germany. The timber used for making the doors and benches was from Uganda. The 50-acre (200,000 m) property includes the House of Worship, extensive gardens, a guest house, and an administrative center.

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going on. While there he intervened in a case of a colonial officer against a Kikuyu worker - taking a blow aimed at the worker. The struggle would eventually alienate him from the service. He developed a plan for re-forestation where food crops were planted between rows of young native trees.

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in 1975. Following a period of oppression, making the institutions of the religion illegal in the late 1970s and 80's, the National Assembly was re-elected starting in 1992. The Baháʼí community in Niger has grown mostly in the south-west of the country where they number in the low thousands.

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on unity and the oneness of humankind to prominent individuals in politics, commerce and academia and leaders of thought including State Presidents.... oth individual Baháʼís and our administrative institutions were continually watched by the security police.... Our activities did not include

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was in Egypt circa 1880s and published a number of books -later he converted to the religion. In 1892 two converts in Egypt embarked to the West intending to spread the religion and were the first Baháʼís to enter the United States where the first converts followed in 1894. The first Egyptian

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with some refugees going to Côte d'Ivoire in 1990 and the re-establishment of the National Spiritual Assembly in 1998. Third parties invited the modern Baháʼí community into their dialogues in the country while Baháʼís have continued their work supporting a private

1020:

and his family, the community continues to grow though estimates of the population range widely from 19,000 to 105,000 and the community's involvements have included diverse efforts to promote the welfare of the Ugandan people. There is a Baháʼí House of Worship in

480:. In the half hour interview she communicated how she had long admired him because of the way he had conducted himself in the face of the many trials and hardships of his life, and by the way he had overcome them. Selassie gave her a gold medal from his Coronation. 5624:"Tunisia: Treatment of Bahai's (or Baha'is) by non-Bahai's and Tunisian authorities; whether they have been targets of threats and/or violence; police attitude towards Bahai's, police response to complaints lodged by Bahai's and police protection available" 1398:

reuniting with South Africa, the Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of South Africa was formed. Following the end of Apartheid the South African Baháʼí community continued to grow; currently there are around of 250,000 Baháʼís in South Africa.

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came through on the way to what was then Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. The Mozambique Baháʼí community participated in successive stages of regional organization across southern Africa from 1956 through the election of its first Mozambique's Baháʼí

831:

took a constructive engagement with the indigenous religion of Kenyans to a United Kingdom conference on religions, where, in sympathy with his efforts, he was presented with the Baháʼí Faith and became a convert. The second individual was

398:- the other Baháʼís were dropped along the way in other countries. As the number of Baháʼís grew in Cameroon new Baháʼís left the immediate region to pioneer in other surrounding areas, each becoming a Knight of Baháʼu'lláh including 560:, (planned for 200 or 300 people but realized early on that they might get double or triple that number. The revised estimates turned out to be correct – when the Bahaʼis arrived, the conference hall was overflowing with 831 people.) 177: 434:

Troubles characterize the experience of the Baháʼís across the Saharan countries. In 1960 with a regime change in Egypt, the Baháʼís lost all rights as an organized religious community by Law 263 at the decree of then-President

1129:. By spring 1958, the Baháʼí population may have been 100 and there were six assemblies and a regional committee coordinated activities promulgating the religion. In 1960, the first all-Moroccan local assembly was elected in 680:

of the country was elected in 1957. By 1963 there were 143 local assemblies in Congo. Even though the religion was banned, and the country torn by wars, the religion grew so that in 2003 there were some 541 assemblies. The

1189:

In 1963 a survey of the community counted 1 assembly and 18 organized groups (between 1 and 9 adults) of Baháʼís in Tunisia. US State Department 2001 estimates mention the Baháʼí community at about 150 persons. However

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in Burundi-Ruanda. Through succeeding organizations of the countries in the region, the National Spiritual Assembly of Rwanda was formed in 1972. Baháʼís, perhaps in the thousands, were among those who perished in the

590:, (about 950 participants were from Ghana itself, joined by 156 Bahaʼis from Benin, 140 from Burkina Faso, four from Cape Verde, three from Guinea Bissau, 106 from Niger, 137 from Nigeria and about 200 from Togo.) 657:

in 1971. Through succeeding decades Baháʼís have been active in a number of ways and by some counts have become the third largest international religion in Chad with over 80300 members by 2000 and 96800 in 2005.

578:, (some 1,200 participants included 90 from Chad, 45 from Congo, 18 from Equatorial Guinea, 20 from Gabon, and 10 from São Tomé and Príncipe, with a high percentage of those attending were youth, ages 12 to 22. ) 530:

from 2006 through 2009. Since then there have been homes burned down and families driven out of towns. On the other hand, Sub-Saharan Baháʼís were able to mobilize for regional conferences called for by the

341:, the Baháʼí Faith was introduced on a one to one basis and the community quietly grew during the apartheid years, without publicity. Despite the nature of the politics of that time, we presented our 1185:, a marked holy day of the religion and a day on which major elections are held, three new Regional Spiritual Assemblies were established including that of North-West Africa with the chairmanship of 758:, then head of the religion, that Baháʼís should take the religion to the regions of Africa. The first specific mention of Burundi (Urundi) was in May 1953 suggesting the expanding community of the 321:

in South Africa. The Baháʼí community decided that instead of dividing the South African Baháʼí community into two population groups, one black and one white, they instead limited membership in the

7377: 500: 302:, the High God, that they would protect the native forest, plant ten native trees each year, and take care of trees everywhere. Immediately then leaving Kenya, St. Barbe offered a paper at a 916:, then head of the religion, that Baháʼís should take the religion to the regions of Africa. The first specific mention of Rwanda was in May 1953 suggesting the expanding community of the 1570:

was elected in 1956. As the community multiplied across cities and became diverse in its engagements it elected its own National Spiritual Assembly by 1979 and had 1,000 Baháʼís in 2001.

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The Baháʼí Faith in South Africa began with the holding of Baháʼí meetings in the country in 1911. A small population of Baháʼís remained until 1950 when large numbers of international

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Though the Baháʼí Faith in Chad began after its independence in 1960 members of the religion were present in associated territories since 1953. The Baháʼís of Chad elected their first

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to Botswana about October 1954 where they befriended many Africans. By 1963 there were two assemblies; seven groups, and one isolated member. The first election of Botswana's Baháʼí

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20 October 2008 to celebrate recent achievements in grassroots community-building and to plan their next steps in organizing in their home areas. Resulting conferences were held in:

6700:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 6479:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 6107:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 6019:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 5891:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963" 5742:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 5559:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963" 5153:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 4911:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 4458:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 4189:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 4095:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 3962:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 3865:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963" 3651:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 766:

to neighboring areas like Burundi(Urundi) as part of a specific plan of action. The first settlers of the religion arrived in the region by June. By 1963 there were three Baháʼí

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The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963, Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963

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1962. In 1963, a survey of the community counted 10 Assemblies, 12 organized groups (between 1 and 9 adults) of Baháʼís. In 1963, the arrests in Morocco had got attention from

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and forming a National Assembly, in 1960, following a regime change, the Baháʼís lost all rights as an organised religious community by Law 263 at the decree of then-President

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the national assembly was reformed in 1997. The Baháʼís of Rwanda have continued to strive for inter-racial harmony, a teaching which Denyse Umutoni, an assistant director of

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Chiefs and Elders, and together they arranged for three thousand tribal warriors to come to his camp and with the assistance of the Chiefs fifty were selected to be the first

325:

to black adherents, and placed the entire Baháʼí community under the leadership of its black population. In 1997 the National Spiritual Assembly presented a Statement to the

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religion following which he was introduced to the Baháʼí Faith because of "his genuine interest in another's religion struck a sympathetic chord with the Baháʼí principles."

2606: 406:. Because of the successive waves of people becoming Knights of Baháʼu'lláh, Enoch Olinga was entitled "Abd'l-Futuh", a Persian name meaning "the father of victories" by 326: 1588:, the son of the founder of the religion, mentioned Africa as a place the religion should be more broadly visited by Baháʼís. The first to set foot in the territory of 983:

and Tanganyika, with Zanzibar, formed its own in 1964 and it and the country was renamed Tanzania. Since 1986 the Baháʼís have operated the Ruaha Secondary School as a

1436:, then head of the religion, asked the followers of the religion to take the religion to regions of Africa; these letters were compiled together in the book titled 628: 6967: 6962: 5276: 208: 6326: 5645: 5439: 476:

about the future of African Baháʼís and their role in the religion. She visited Africa again on several trips from 1969 to 1973. In Ethiopia she was received by

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across the country culminated with a conference of Baháʼís from all provinces of Zimbabwe and nine countries. There were 43 local spiritual assemblies in 2003.

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world. Abu'l-Faḍl also became friends with writers and magazine publishers, and many articles that he authored appeared in the Egyptian press. In 1896, when

240:

and were written on 19 April 1916 and 15 February 1917, respectively. Publication however was delayed in the United States until 1919—after the end of the

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wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. It is not known who the first Baháʼí was to settle in the country, but the first Baháʼí

453: 7397: 4978: 3161: 1083:. However, in 1963, there were still seven organized communities in Egypt. More recently, the roughly 2,000 Baháʼís of Egypt have been embroiled in the 698: 211:

taking an ocean liner for the first one on August 11, 1911. He left on the next trip left March 25, 1912. One of the earliest Baháʼís of the west and a

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wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first Baháʼí to settle in the country came in 1953 from Uganda. The first Baháʼí

7166: 6890: 7706: 1084: 527: 7230: 5352: 3080: 6772: 6361: 5992: 4202: 3878: 3624: 2888: 924:

to neighboring areas like Ruanda. The first settlers of the religion arrived in the region by July 1953 when Baháʼís from the United States and

7299: 942: 128:, was the first prominent Baháʼí to live in Africa and made some of the first big changes to the community in Egypt. Abdu'l-Fadl first came to 6847: 6812: 5505: 4822: 4689: 4625: 3826: 2932: 2035: 1839: 1770: 1605: 1357: 1268: 1234: 1191: 1160: 1046: 895: 882:

was elected in 1955. By 1963 in addition to the one assembly there were groups of Baháʼís living in four other locations. In late July 1967

852:) estimated about 429,000 Baháʼís in Kenya in 2005. A local Bahá'í House of Worship was opened on Sunday, 23 May 2021 in Matunda Soy, Kenya. 845: 810: 772: 732: 682: 33: 7547: 1373: 314: 141: 6602:

Author: Kurt John Hein Published by: George Ronald, 1988; Review by Des O'Shea, published in CADE: Journal of Distance Education 4,1 (1989)

6236: 4423: 3723: 3561: 3531: 3019: 1306: 548:, (700 Kenyans, 200 Baháʼís from Uganda, 100 from Tanzania, and 42 from Ethiopia, four came from Mozambique and three from Southern Sudan.) 7607: 7078: 6943: 1622: 1460:. By the end of 1963 there were 9 assemblies. While still a colony of the United Kingdom, the Baháʼís nevertheless organized a separate 7497: 7467: 7119: 7047: 6977: 1326: 1001:

The Baháʼí Faith in Uganda started to grow in 1951 and in four years time there were 500 Baháʼís in 80 localities, including 13 Baháʼí

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The Baháʼí Faith in Malawi begins before the country achieved independence. Before World War I the area of modern Malawi was part of

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which included South Africa was elected. Later each of the constituent countries successively formed their own independent Baháʼí

636: 5930: 4730: 4336: 3591: 3051: 1695: 557: 519:

and succeeded in having the ban reversed in all of these countries except Niger." (Niger lifted their restrictions in the 1990s.)

47: 7572: 7527: 7512: 7492: 7457: 7347: 7322: 7250: 7162: 6957: 5326: 4952: 3136: 2614: 1617: 1608:

in a 2005 report details the population of Senegalese Baháʼís at 22,000. Baháʼís claimed there are 34 local assemblies in 2003.

1579: 1549: 1483: 1176: 1096: 1039: 979:

which included Tanganyika was elected. Later each of the constituent countries successively formed their own independent Baháʼí

945:, mentions as among the reasons for her conversion to the religion. Recent estimates place the Baháʼí population around 15,000. 749: 464: 351: 63: 7382: 4608:

Hassall, Graham (2012). "The Bahá'í House of Worship: Localisation and Universal Form". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).

270:, who was appointed the leader of the religion after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's death, travelled through Africa in 1929 and again in 1940. 7582: 7577: 7517: 7472: 7327: 7093: 6863: 2021: 1408: 1284: 1208: 996: 925: 917: 907: 759: 496: 6437: 5594: 5222: 566:, (with a war close at hand 776 people from attending with 13 people were able to make it from Burundi and four from Rwanda.) 7507: 7447: 7392: 7267: 7052: 6552: 1518: 1383: 1110: 1062: 976: 822: 504: 414:, the highest appointed position in the religion. A biography published in 1984 examined his impact in Cameroon and beyond. 322: 137: 84: 7522: 1566:

who directly and indirectly affected the growth of the religion in Nigeria. Following growth across West Africa a regional

125: 117: 6283: 6262: 6223: 6058: 1657: 7367: 6883: 648: 285:

served in the country in 1920 under the Colonial Office as Assistant Conservator of Forests. There he saw the wide scale

7633: 6493: 5280: 4109:"'Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhiyyih Khánum Visits Sikkim, India, and Indian Ocean Islands; Mauritius, Reunion, Island of Madagascar" 1361: 1272: 1238: 849: 841: 776: 686: 477: 318: 38: 7194: 6334: 5653: 5447: 1555: 1449: 1379: 1260: 1218: 1106: 1006: 960: 921: 875: 763: 708: 581: 375: 366: 7680: 7676: 6386: 4925: 4277: 3110: 1601: 1567: 1536: 1497: 1488:

The Baháʼí Faith in Liberia begins with the entrance of the first member of the religion in 1952 and the first Baháʼí

1461: 1444:, then head of the religion, was the first Baháʼí to visit the area. In 1953 several Baháʼís settled in what was then 1387: 1353: 1339:

suggested it as a place to take the religion to in 1916. The first known Baháʼí to enter the region was in 1951–2 at

1314: 1264: 1230: 980: 891: 806: 728: 654: 187:, head of the religion after Baháʼu'lláh, lived in Egypt for several years and several people came to meet him there: 7255: 4679: 1509:, the Baháʼí Academy and a private radio station. Almost 9,500 Baháʼís are believed to have been in Liberia in 2006. 716: 627:, who had left his homeland of Uganda to bring the religion to British Cameroon in 1953. Meherangiz Munsiff, a young 70:, Kenya, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A plan for a House of Worship in Zambia was announced in 2023. 440:

government is a core principal of the religion. In 1963 the arrests of Baháʼís in Morocco had gotten attention from

7437: 7292: 7057: 6638: 6522: 6052: 5755: 4246: 1437: 929: 767: 551: 532: 232: 7672: 7537: 7342: 7245: 7199: 7031: 4534: 3990: 1332: 483:

These two regions - north and central Africa - interacted closely in the 1970s. As part of a sweep across several

303: 7552: 7442: 7372: 7612: 7532: 7482: 7422: 7357: 7235: 6952: 6142: 6032: 2282: 342: 7487: 1593: 1501: 1453: 1349: 1222: 1159:

150–200 Baháʼís. while 2001 through 2009 estimates mention the Baháʼí community at 350 to 400 persons. However

1118: 1076: 1002: 968: 798: 720: 677: 584:, (1,200 participants including people from Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone attended.) 7407: 7387: 7124: 7083: 6982: 6876: 3257: 7663: 7659: 7650: 7641: 7542: 7502: 7452: 7402: 6776: 4982: 3165: 1181:

The Baháʼí Faith in Tunisia begins circa 1910 when the first Baháʼí arrives, possibly from Egypt. In 1956 at

554:, (expecting a maximum of 850 people, but more than 1,000 came the first day and about 1,150 the second day.) 7432: 7025: 3332: 2772:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 301, 304–5, 306, 308, 328, 329, 331, 354–359, 375, 400, 435, 440–441. 2477:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 301, 304–5, 306, 308, 328, 329, 331, 354–359, 375, 400, 435, 440–441. 1535:. The first Baháʼís arrived in Niger in 1966 and the growth of the religion reached a point of electing its 828: 712: 282: 7637: 7557: 7462: 7427: 7417: 7332: 7240: 6913: 6586: 1068: 88: 21: 7567: 7477: 6699: 6106: 6018: 5170: 5152: 4910: 4094: 3504: 2999:

Synopsis of References to the Baháʼí Faith, in the US State Department's Reports on Human Rights 1991-2000

2955: 1642: 1532: 964: 3382: 3357: 1506: 984: 7285: 7134: 3282: 3232: 3207: 2413: 7011: 6923: 6899: 6478: 6298: 6072: 5959: 5890: 5785: 5741: 5674: 5360: 5166: 4457: 4188: 4126: 4029: 3961: 3927: 3780: 3664: 3650: 3407: 3307: 3088: 2735: 2711: 2105: 2075: 1585: 1524: 1433: 1414: 1344: 1336: 1298: 1294: 1256: 1214: 913: 883: 871: 867: 794: 755: 704: 673: 472: 422: 184: 133: 25: 2173: 2052: 1067:

The Baháʼí Faith in Egypt has a history over a century old. Perhaps the first Baháʼís arrive in 1863.

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settled in South Africa. In 1956, after members of various tribes in South Africa became Baháʼís, a

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estimated some 27,000 Baháʼís in 2005. The community celebrated its diamond jubilee in January 2009.

575: 441: 200: 196: 192: 132:

in 1894 where he settled for several years. He was the foremost Baháʼí scholar and helped spread the

6972: 4431: 3731: 3539: 689:) estimated some 252,000 Baháʼís in 2005. A Baháʼí House of Worship was opened in Kinshasa in 2023. 6199:"Social/economic development – Number of projects growing rapidly; (section mentioning Mozambique)" 5963: 5122: 4839: 4157: 4130: 4033: 3784: 1861: 1500:

in 1975. Hosting various conferences through the '70's the community was somewhat disrupted by the

1071:, founder of the religion, was himself briefly in Egypt in 1868 when on his way to imprisonment in 542:

was first (among the 750 participants, 550 were from Zambia, 80 from Zimbabwe and 120 from Malawi.)

361:

Africa was observed to begin in the 1950s and extend in the 1960s. In 1953 the Baháʼís initiated a

223: 149: 91:, founder of the religion, was himself briefly in Egypt in 1868 when on his way to imprisonment in 7189: 5041: 4785: 3816: 2533:

Baháʼí Journal of the Baháʼí Community of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2439: 2315: 2250: 1734: 207:

of African descent, visited ʻAbdu'l-Bahá at Ramleh in 1911. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá then embarked on several

96: 7114: 7062: 6987: 6695: 6474: 6102: 6014: 5886: 5737: 5554: 5148: 4906: 4453: 4184: 4090: 3957: 3860: 3646: 3477: 2202: 1647: 1637: 1627: 1589: 1528: 1489: 1310: 1229:

and smaller groups of Baháʼís in other cities. In 1992 the Baháʼís of Angola elected their first

1151: 1147: 1114: 1080: 879: 449: 445: 436: 338: 249: 157: 6714: 6242: 5868: 3975: 3569: 3027: 2565:

Lee, Anthony A. (2005). "Enoch Olinga". In Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates Jr, Henry Louis (eds.).

615:

The Baháʼí Faith in Cameroon was established when the country was separated into two colonies –

281:

The history of the religion in Kenya has an interesting precursor. Before joining the religion,

5469: 4650: 2109: 1890: 1882: 635:, arrived in French Cameroon April 1954 – both Olinga and Munsiff were honoured with the title 463:

Africa was observed to begin in the 1950s and extend in the 1960s. The foundation stone of the

6843: 6808: 6277: 6206: 6180: 6082: 5969: 5968:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 40–2, 57 86. 5912: 5823: 5795: 5789: 5714: 5684: 5678: 5501: 5495: 5245: 5176: 4818: 4710: 4685: 4631: 4621: 4163: 4136: 4039: 3937: 3822: 3790: 3674: 3668: 3463: 2963: 2928: 2892: 2773: 2745: 2585: 2478: 2228: 2182: 2181:. Vol. XVIII. Baháʼí World Centre. 1986. pp. 619, 632, 802–4 and Table of Contents. 2115: 2085: 2079: 2031: 1894: 1835: 1794: 1766: 1340: 1014: 938: 887: 469: 411: 204: 5529: 5197: 3186: 2794: 2535:. Vol. 20, no. 5. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United Kingdom. 1829: 7004: 6835: 5623: 5409: 5257: 4613: 2975: 2835: 1963: 1786: 1102: 1087:

from 2006 through 2009. There have been homes burned down and families driven out of towns.

934: 616: 379: 362: 295: 216: 6198: 6172: 6120: 5103: 5085: 5067: 5022: 5004: 4861: 4516: 4498: 4404: 4366: 4108: 2639: 2251:"Regional Profile: Eastern Cape and Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape" 2220: 112: 6823: 5708: 5573: 5303: 4884: 4612:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill. pp. 599–632. 3489: 2922: 2661: 1813: 1652: 1301:

to travel to the regions of Africa. As part of a wide scale growth in the religion across

620: 523:

The Baháʼí Faith is currently the third largest international religion in Chad and Kenya.

290:

Because of lack of funds St. Barbe consulted with the Kenyans themselves, approaching the

7139: 6743: 6612: 6417: 5558: 4565: 4306: 3864: 2417: 2344: 1496:. By the end of 1963 there were five assemblies and Liberian Baháʼís elected their first 1356:

was elected in 1987. Since 1984 the Baháʼís have begun to hold development projects. The

1313:. By 1970, now in the country of Malawi, there were 12 Local Spiritual Assemblies and a 1305:

Africa the religion was introduced into this region the same year it became known as the

809:. By 1963 there were seven localities with smaller groups of Baháʼís in the country. The 6669: 4472: 4135:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 40–42. 4038:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 41–42. 3842: 3789:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 40–42. 3754: 2696: 7109: 5904: 5815: 5704: 4675: 4384: 2501: 1445: 1441: 1130: 539: 459:

South of the Sahara it was a different story. Wide-scale growth in the religion across

407: 391: 267: 29: 5938: 5330: 5215:"The other 'Commander of the faithful': Morocco's King Mohammed VI's religious policy" 4738: 4344: 3599: 3059: 2812:"The other 'Commander of the faithful': Morocco's King Mohammed VI's religious policy" 1703: 1554:

After an isolated presence in the late 1920s, the Baháʼí Faith in Nigeria begins with

1167:

estimated 30,000 Baháʼís in 2005 and 2010, the third largest religion in the country.

7700: 6822:

Stockman, Robert; van den Hoonaard, Will C. (2022). "Ch. 51: Sub-Saharan Africa". In

6721:. Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies 5261: 4956: 3140: 2994: 2979: 1951: 1164: 1134: 1050: 972: 307: 291: 286: 227: 188: 145: 100: 6599: 6081:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 43. 6076: 4592: 4388: 2325:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa. paragraphs 6, 27, 75, 84, 102 99:

made several journeys on behalf of Baháʼu'lláh and was imprisoned in Egypt in 1868.

7209: 7018: 6456: 6143:"Baháʼís in South Africa – Progress of the Baháʼí Faith in South Africa since 1911" 5683:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–59. 3931: 2959: 2863: 1563: 1259:

wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first Baháʼís

1186: 1017: 833: 624: 587: 516: 371: 169:

were published in 1897-1900 the al-Azhar University decreed that Abu'l-Faḍl was an

51: 6556: 5497:

The Establishment of the Baha'i Faith in West Africa: The First Decade, 1952--1962

5214: 2811: 2005: 1217:

wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first Baháʼí

1053:

estimated the population of Baháʼís at 3.3–3.8 thousand Baháʼís in 2005 and 2010.

715:, Spanish Guinea (as it was called then), on 17 May 1954, and was recognized as a 6802: 5602: 4812: 2025: 1968: 1760: 1559: 1452:. Along with indigenous conversions in 1955 the Baháʼís formed the first Baháʼí 1317:. Between 2000 and 2003 there were estimates of 15 to 24,500 Baháʼís in Malawi. 802: 484: 394:, and his wife along with Olinga and two other Baháʼís travelled from Uganda to 245: 241: 153: 5329:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair. Archived from 5279:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair. Archived from 1101:

The Baháʼí Faith in Morocco began about 1946. In 1953, the Baháʼís initiated a

890:

to visit the country. In 1972 the Malagasy Baháʼís gathered to elect the first

7144: 6807:. Studies of Religion in Africa. Vol. 39 (illustrated ed.). Brilll. 4617: 4206: 2260:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report. pp. 32, 146 1302: 569: 460: 358: 273: 6839: 6501: 6210: 6184: 5916: 5827: 5794:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–59. 4635: 3673:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–59. 3457: 2589: 2232: 2114:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 82–89. 2084:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–59. 1075:. The first Egyptians were converts by 1896. Despite forming an early Baháʼí 894:

of the Baháʼís of Madagascar. By 2003 there were 33 local assemblies and the

878:

to Madagascar arrived in 1953 and following native converts the first Baháʼí

58:

among the top ten numerical populations of Baháʼís in the world in 2005, and

6831: 6804:

The Baha'i Faith in Africa: Establishing a New Religious Movement, 1952-1962

6149:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa. Archived from 4071:. Antananarivo, Madagascar: Baháʼí International Community. 21 December 2003 2569:. Vol. 1 (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 278–279. 2289:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa. Archived from 1527:

in Niger began during a period of large-scale growth in the religion across

1395: 1391: 1290: 707:

wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first

334: 59: 7129: 7088: 6642: 6526: 6394: 5759: 4929: 4542: 4285: 4250: 3700:. Malabo, Equatorial Guinea: Baháʼí International Community. 21 August 2004 3114: 2924:

The Great African Safari - The travels of RúhíyyihKhánum in Africa, 1969-73

1182: 967:. With the first Tanganyikan to join the religion in 1952 the first Baháʼí 711:

to Spanish Guinea was Elise Lynelle (then Elise Schreiber,) who arrived in

526:

More recently the roughly 2000 Baháʼís of Egypt have been embroiled in the

148:. In Egypt, he was successful in converting some thirty of the students of 20:

dates back to the lifetimes of the three individual heads of the religion,

2136: 1390:. Then in 1995, after a prolonged period of growth and oppression during 487:

countries, the Baháʼí Faith was banned in the 1970s in several countries:

7277: 6302: 2893:"Madame Rúhíyyih Rabbáni, leading Baháʼí dignitary, passes away in Haifa" 2613:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Australia. Archived from 2567:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience

2281:

National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa (1997-11-19).

2258:

Volume Three - Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report

2249:

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report (1998-10-29).

1930: 1493: 1465: 1125:

was elected. By January 1958, the first Baháʼí summer school was held in

1010: 507:

1978. Uganda had had the largest Baháʼí community in Africa at the time.

395: 6784: 6241:. Republic of South Africa: Religious Intelligence. 2008. Archived from 4393:(1981 ed.). Haifa, Israel: UK Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 266. 2323:

Volume Four - Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report

277:

Shoghi Effendi at the time of becoming Guardian in 1921. Taken in Haifa.

6933: 6864:

Category:Heroes and Heroines of the Ten Year Crusade in Southern Africa

1138: 1022: 639:. Currently there are 40,000 adherents of the religion in the country. 512: 488: 427: 170: 3187:"Regional Conferences of the Five Year Plan; November 2008–March 2009" 1952:"Notes on the Babi and Baha'i Religions in Russia and its territories" 1834:. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 16. 317:

struggled with issues under the segregated social pattern and laws of

176: 7177: 6150: 4004: 2290: 1457: 1331:

The Baháʼí Faith in Mozambique begins after the mention of Africa in

1226: 1194:

and several other sources point to over 1000 Baháʼís in the country.

731:

since 1984. The community celebrated its golden jubilee in 2004. The

724: 545: 456:

and would echo in analyses of politics of Morocco for years to come.

383: 237: 67: 62:

highest in terms of percentage of the national population. There are

55: 6918: 5626:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 17 April 2003. TUN41362.E 1989:"International Council Reviews Progress in Baha'i World Community". 6422:. Israel: Peli – P.E.C. Printing World LTD. Ramat Gan. p. 114. 6141:

National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa (1997).

5246:"The Baháʼí Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments" 4430:. Association for Baháʼí Studies in Southern Africa. Archived from 3730:. Association For Baháʼí Studies in Southern Africa. Archived from 3538:. Association For Baháʼí Studies in Southern Africa. Archived from 2964:"The Baha'i Faith 1957-1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments" 7204: 6365: 5996: 5841: 4681:

Freedom of religion: UN and European human rights law and practice

4064: 3882: 3697: 3628: 3433: 2547: 2314:

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (1998-10-29).

1597: 1126: 1122: 898:

in 2005 estimated there were about 17,900 Baháʼís in the country.

837: 672:

The Baháʼí Faith in Democratic Republic of the Congo begins after

563: 399: 219:, died in 1916 and she was buried in Egypt near Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl. 175: 129: 111: 43: 5937:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 5601:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Archived from 5389:. Vol. Online. Wolfram – Alpha (curated data). 13 March 2010 5359:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 4737:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 4162:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 162. 3598:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 3058:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 1702:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 723:

of Equatorial Guinea was elected in Santa Isabel, (later renamed

83:

Among its earliest contacts with the religion came in Egypt. The

5713:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 27. 5123:"This note concerns references to Africa in the Baháʼí Writings" 4766:. Vol. Online. Wolfram Alpha (curated data). March 13, 2010 1072: 771:

the country torn by wars, the religion grew so that in 2005 the

754:

The Baháʼí Faith in Burundi begins after 1916 with a mention by

492: 403: 299: 92: 7281: 6872: 6868: 6555:(Press release). U.S. Department of State. 2005. Archived from 5576:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair 5306:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair 4709:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 309, 316, 330, 373, 380. 912:

The Baháʼí Faith in Rwanda begins after 1916 with a mention by

827:

The Baháʼí Faith in Kenya began with three individuals. First,

230:

in 1916–1917; these letters were compiled together in the book

6393:. National Assembly of the Baháʼís of Zimbabwe. Archived from 2502:"United States Africa Teaching Committee; Goals for this year" 2383:"Legal Recognition, Increase in Centers Reported in Morocco". 2203:"Ancient Coral Reef Tells The History Of Kenya's Soil Erosion" 3087:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Archived from 1562:

West Africa in the 1950s especially following the efforts of

987:. In 2005 Baháʼís were estimated at about 163,800 adherents. 6235:"Country Profile: South Africa (Republic of South Africa)". 5023:"Legal Recognition, Increase in Centers Reported in Morocco" 4924:

Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (16 December 2006).

4428:

homepage for an online course on the book "Century of Light"

4005:"Kenya: First Local Bahá'í temple in Africa opens its doors" 3085:

National Profiles > > Regions > Eastern Africa >

1592:

that would become Senegal arrived in 1953. The first Baháʼí

870:, then head of the religion, who asked the followers of the 4594:

Enoch Olinga -Hand of the Cause of God, Father of Victories

42:) lists many larger and smaller populations in Africa with 5474: