Baháʼí Faith in Europe

824:"In brief, this world-consuming war has set such a conflagration to the hearts that no word can describe it. In all the countries of the world the longing for universal peace is taking possession of the consciousness of men. There is not a soul who does not yearn for concord and peace. A most wonderful state of receptivity is being realized.… Therefore, O ye believers of God! Show ye an effort and after this war spread ye the synopsis of the divine teachings in the British Isles, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Balearic Isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides and Orkney Islands." 960:. Because of the religious dimension of the situation the court requested three experts in comparative religion to give their opinion: two of the three experts supported viewing the Baháʼí Faith as an independent religion, and one claimed that it was a sect of Islam. After this report, the court appointed three respected religious scholars to review all aspects of the question and advise the court of their views. All three of these scholars agreed that the religion was independent on 17 January 1961. However the judges chose to disregard these findings and on 15 July 1961 declared that the Baháʼí Faith was a forbidden sect. 563:

Paris to Dutch newspapers. When Baháʼu'lláh was jailed by the Shah, his family went to Mírzá Majid Ahi who was married to a sister of Baháʼu'lláh, and was working as the secretary to the Russian Legation in Tehran. Baháʼu'lláh's family asked Mírzá Majid to go to Dolgorukov and ask him to intercede on behalf of Baháʼu'lláh, and Dolgorukov agreed however this assistance was short lived. In addition, Baháʼu'lláh refused the offer of exile in Russia. Similarly the British consul-general of Baghdad offered him British citizenship and offered to arrange for a residence for him in

971:"Islam…is attacked by the communists because it is 'reactionary', encourages nationalist narrowmindness and obstructs the education and emancipation of women. Baha'iism(sic) has incurred communist displeasure for exactly the opposite reasons. It is dangerous to Communism because of its broadmindness, its tolerance, its international outlook, the attention it pays to women's education and its insistence on equality of the sexes. All this contradicts the communist thesis about the backwardness of all religions." 1512:

embraced this new religion. Abdu'l-Bahá visited Switzerland in 1911. At present, there are about 1,100 Baháʼís residing in Switzerland. This number has not increased in the past four decades. Currently, there are Baháʼí communities established in Aarau, Ayer, Basel, Bern, Biel, Carouge, Cologny, Delémont, Fribourg, Geneva, Grand-Lancy, Heiden, Lausanne, Le Lignon, Locarno, Lugano, Luzern, Meilen, Neuchatel Nyon, Olten, Pully, Reinach, Romanshorn, Schaffhausen, St-Gall, Thun, Zug and Zurich.

1271:"In reality, their only 'crime', which the current regime finds intolerable, is that they hold a religious belief that is different from the majority…. We register our solidarity with all those in Iran who are being persecuted for promoting the best development of society …(and) with the governments, human rights organisations and people of goodwill throughout the world who have so far raised their voices calling for a fair trial, if not the complete release of the Bahaʼi leaders in Iran." 1153:, praised the contributions of German Baháʼís to the social stability of the country, noting "It is not enough to make a declaration of belief. It is important to live according to the basic values of our constitutional state, to defend them and make them secure in the face of all opposition. The members of the Baháʼí Faith do this because of their faith and the way they see themselves." However the Baháʼís have been excluded from other dialogues on religious issues. 1411:, so the Baháʼís, strictly adhering to their principle of obedience to legal government, abandoned its administration and properties. An analysis of publications before and during this period finds coverage by Soviet-based sources basically hostile to the religion while native Polish coverage was neutral or positive. By 1963 only Warsaw was recognized as having a community. Following the fall of communism in Poland because of the 1481: 19: 2329: 1088: 51: 423: 1108:, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979, there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482. In the 1990s British Baháʼís began involvement in 2359:. The first Baháʼís to settle in the Netherlands were a couple of families – the Tijssens and Greevens, both of whom left Germany for the Netherlands in 1937. Following World War II the Baháʼís established a committee to oversee introducing the religion across Europe and so the permanent growth of the community in the Netherlands begins with Baháʼí 852:, the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Germany and Austria was first elected in that year. A 1925 list of "leading local Baháʼí Centres" of Europe listed organized communities of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK - the largest being in Germany. However much of the organization of the Baháʼís was lost in 2181:, then head of the religion, of Austria-Hungary which Bosnia and Herzegovina were part of at the time. Between the World Wars when Bosnia and Herzegovina were part of Yugoslavia, several members of Yugoslavian royalty had contact with prominent members of the religion. During the period of Communism in Yugoslavia, the first member of the 2278:

took place. Succeeding that period we have the history of the spread of the community through a history of trials adjudicating the legal standing of the religion in the country as progressively wider scales of organization of the religion are attempted. In the new millennium many of the obstacles to

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loosened controls on religions and re-elected its own National Spiritual Assembly in 1992. The modern Baháʼí population of Azerbaijan, centered in Baku, may have regained its peak from the oppression of the Soviet period of about 2,000 people, today with more than 80% converts although the community

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In 1852, after a failed assassination attempt against the Shah of Persia for which the entire Bábí community was blamed, many Bábís, including Baháʼu'lláh, who had no role in the attempt and later severely condemned it, were arrested in a sweep. News coverage of the events reached beyond London and

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of religion was established. Baháʼís, strictly adhering to their principle of obedience to legal government, abandoned its administration and properties but Baháʼís across the Soviet Union were sent to prisons and camps or sent as refugees to other countries anyway. Baháʼí communities in 38 cities

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was allowed to defend the character of the religion but the Baháʼís were instead heavily fined and its institutions continued to be disbanded. However, for this service and others, Grossmann was ranked as the third of the three believers who decisively influenced the German Baháʼís. To the east in

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as far back as 1847. In 1974 the first Baháʼí arrived in Moldova. and following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991, communities of Baháʼís, and respective National Spiritual Assemblies, developed across the nations of the former Soviet Union. In 1996 Moldova elected its own National

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The Baháʼí Faith in Switzerland has a history that goes back more than a hundred years. The first settlement of a resident Baháʼí in Switzerland occurred in 1903, when Edith MacKaye, a French-American, moved from Paris to Sion in the Rhone Valley, marrying Dr Joseph de Bons, a local dentist, who

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was formed. Separate national assemblies for Czechia and Slovakia were formed in 1998. While registration with the national government of Slovakia is not required it is required for many religious activities as well as owning property. In 2007 representatives of the Baháʼí Faith submitted 28,000

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by 1963. As the period of communism was ending, there is comment of activity in Slovakia starting around 1989. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991, Baháʼí communities and their administrative bodies started to develop across the nations of the former Soviet Union including

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The developing portrait of the Babis/Baháʼís from accounts of businessmen and travelers communicated to the Dutch public, for example, was different than the early reports of isolationist rebels with poor morals, and was of being prone to engage with foreigners, being monogamous, and seeking out

1369:'s trip to Hungary in 1913 when Hungary's first Baháʼí joined the religion. The community suffered from WWII and communist rule until the 1980s. The National Assembly was elected in 1992 and growth since then places 2002 estimates by Baháʼís at between 1100 and 1200 Baháʼís in Hungary, many are 1192:

In February 2009 two open letters were published with lists including British citizens registering their opposition to the trial of Baháʼí leaders in Iran. The first was when some British were among the two hundred and sixty seven non-Baháʼí Iranian academics, writers, artists, journalists and

2112:

was elected in 1962. Following the election the breadth of initiatives of the community increased privately until 1968 when the national assembly was able to register as a Non-Catholic Religious Association in the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Information and Tourism allowing public

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remembered in an interview that it was worth raising up his voice in the European Parliament for the human rights of the Baháʼís in Iran. There were two speeches in the Hungarian Parliament - one in 2009 and one in 2010. In a campaign to show support for victims of human rights abuses in Iran

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beginning by giving greater freedom to women, promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern, and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics. The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the

746:, an American Baháʼí who had also come to visit ʻAbdu'l-Bahá while still in this early phase of his journeys, recorded comments of Dreyfus who heard Soltan's stammering apology for past wrongs. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá embraced him and invited his sons to lunch. Thus Bahram Mírzá Sardar Mass'oud and 2371:

was elected in 1948. In 1957, with 110 Baháʼís and nine spiritual assemblies, the Baháʼí community in the Netherlands first elected its own National Spiritual Assembly. In 2005 the Netherlands had 34 local spiritual assemblies. In 1997 there were about 1500 Baháʼís in The Netherlands.

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was able to return in 1990 as the guest of honor at the election of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the Soviet Union. From 1990 to 1997 Baháʼís had operated in some freedom, growing to 20 groups of Baháʼís registered with the federal government, but the

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signed an order disbanding the Baháʼí Faith's institutions in Germany because of its 'international and pacifist tendencies'. In 1939 and in 1942 there were sweeping arrests of former members of the National Spiritual Assembly. In May 1944 there was a public trial in

1550:

had facilitated the favorable attention of local and regional, and international leaders of thought as well as long standing leading figures in the religion. However under Soviet rule the Baháʼí community was almost ended though it was immediately reactivated as

2398:. Through the 1930s, the number of Baháʼí in the United Kingdom grew, leading to a pioneer movement beginning after the Second World War with sixty percent of the British Baháʼí community eventually relocating. In 2004 there were about 5,000 Baháʼís in the UK. 2162:

politician. In 1967 along with the other religions the Baháʼí Faith was banned, however, after the collapse of the Communist regime in 1992 the Baháʼí community was re-established. Over the recent years several Baháʼí education centres have also been founded.

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Though mentioned in the Baháʼí literature in the 19th century, the Baháʼí Faith in Germany begins in the early 20th century when two emigrants to the United States returned on prolonged visits to Germany bringing their newfound religion. The first

555:, be moved elsewhere; he also condemned the massacres of Iranian religionists. Dolgorukov wrote some memoirs later in life but much of it has been shown to be a forgery. But his dispatches show that he was afraid of the movement spreading into the 1141: 1144:

titled "Orientation dialogue of religions represented in Germany on environmental politics with reference to the climate issue" for the interfaith community including the Baháʼís. In 2004 the Swedish Baháʼí community began to support the

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In 1879, on the developing trade relations initiated by some Dutch businessmen, Dutchman Johan Colligan entered into partnership with two Baháʼís, Haji Siyyid Muhammad-Hasan and Haji Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn, who were known later as the

1706:, so the Baháʼís, strictly adhering to their principle of obedience to legal government, abandoned its administration and properties but in addition Baháʼís across the Soviet Union were sent to prisons and camps or abroad. Before the 625:

at the time owed them a large sum of money for business relations and instead of paying them raised up a mob that would confiscate their property. Their execution was committed despite Johan Colligan's testifying to their innocence.

1078:

passed in 1997 is generally seen as unfriendly to minority religions though it hasn't frozen further registrations. Conditions are generally similar or worse in other Russian block countries. See their respective entries below.

1748:, succeeding generations of ethnic Ukrainians became Baháʼís and some have interacted with Ukraine previous to development of the religion in the country. There are currently around 1,000 Baháʼís in Ukraine in 13 communities. 586:

in the British Empire. She, in response to the tablet, is reported to have said, though the original record is lost, that "If this is of God, it will endure; if not, it can do no harm." Though in no way espousing his beliefs,

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for a play on the theme of this historic tragedy." The French writer A. de Saint-Quentin also mentioned the religion in a book published in 1891. For all the attention, little penetrated to understanding the religion itself.

1427:

was re-elected in Warsaw. Poland's National Spiritual Assembly was elected in 1992. There were about three hundred Baháʼís in Poland in 2006 and there have been several articles in polish publications in 2008 covering the

956:— an individual considered to have achieved a distinguished rank in service to the religion. However repeating the pattern of arrests in the 20s and 30s, in 1959 there was a mass arrest of the local assembly of 2310:'s trip to France in 1911 and 1912. After growth and tribulation the community established its National Assembly in 1958. The community has been reviewed a number of times by researchers. According to the 2005 5066: 1988:, head of the religion from 1892 to 1921, wrote two letters to Italian Baháʼís and mentioned Italy a few times addressing issues of war and peace as well. Though several people joined the religion before 523:

on 1 November 1845, only a little over a year after the Báb first started his mission. Similarly the Russian Empire took a notice of events. The religion had strong connections with Azerbaijan during the

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civil authorities for protection from Muslim mobs. However the French were still occupied much more with the Báb's dramatic life and the persecution his religion and life were subject to. French writer

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that illustrated the importance of grassroots capacity-building, the advancement of women, and moral and spiritual values in the process of social and economic development. In 2002 the director of the

2012:

in 1962. A survey of the community in 1963 showed 14 assemblies and 18 smaller communities. Major conferences held in Italy include the Palermo Conference of 1968 to commemorate from the movement of

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religious events and publication and importation of religious materials. Following this the diversity of initiatives of the community significantly expanded. Baháʼís began operating a permanent

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said that: "among the littérateurs of my generation, in the Paris of 1890, the martyrdom of the Báb was still as fresh a topic as had been the first news of his death. We wrote poems about him.

2739:"Statement in rebuttal of Accusations made against the Baha'i Faith by the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations General Assembly, 37th session, November 1982" 4896: 6644:

The Gardeners of God: an encounter with five million Baháʼís (trans. Judith Logsdon-Dubois from "Les Jardiniers de Dieu" (published by Berg International and Tacor International, 1989.)

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Meanwhile, in Turkey by the late 1950s Baháʼí communities existed across many of the cities and towns Baháʼu'lláh passed through on his passage through the country. In 1959 the Baháʼí

1075: 696:, France. The purpose of these trips was to support the Baháʼí communities in the West and to further spread his father's teachings, after sending representatives and a letter to the 513:

The Baháʼí Faith originated in Asia, in Iran (Persia) and before there were any Baháʼís in Europe, the first newspaper reference to the religious movement began with coverage of the

378: 750:, another grandson of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, met with the Baháʼís, and apparently Akbar Mass'oud was greatly affected by meeting ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. From then he went to Great Britain. 6063:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 5937:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 5651:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 5200:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 4777:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963" 5403:

The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963

4652:

The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963

3346:

The Baháʼí Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963

1331:, then head of the religion, and the establishing of many further assemblies across Germany despite the difficulties of World War I, elections were called for the first Baháʼí 1602:

of Armenia form in 1991 and Armenian Baháʼís elected their first National Spiritual Assembly in 1995. As of 2004 the Baháʼís claim about 200 members in Armenia but as of 2001

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Baháʼís from much of Europe were among the more than 4,600 people who gathered in Frankfurt for the largest ever Baháʼí conference in Germany in February 2009 to that date.

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including beyond where ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had visited in 1911-12. Written on 11 April 1916, it was delayed in being presented in the United States until 1919 – after the end of

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signatures of interested citizens to the government of Slovakia thus officially registering as a religious community which then numbered about 1,065 individuals in 2011.

2008:

of Rome was elected. There were six communities across Italy and Switzerland when a regional national assembly was formed in 1953. The Italian Baháʼís elected their own

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the community multiplied its interests across a wide range of concerns earning the praise of German politicians. There are an estimated 5,000–6,000 Baháʼís in Germany.

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the religion remain in place – Baháʼís cannot register with the government officially but there are probably 10 to 20 thousand Baháʼís, and around a hundred Baháʼí

1817:

in 1962. Some estimates in 2003 of the Baháʼís in Finland number about 500 Baháʼís though they include a winner of human rights award and a television personality.

6990: 668: 108: 103: 4325: 2314:

data there are close to some 4,400 Baháʼís in France and the French government is among those who have been alarmed at the treatment of Baháʼís in modern Iran.

717: 1096: 1801:, then head of the religion, requested Baháʼís from the United States and Canada consider Scandinavian countries and Russia among the places Baháʼís should 1767:

The Baháʼí Faith in Denmark began in 1925 but it was more than 20 years before the Baháʼí community in Denmark began to grow after the arrival of American

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asked for a Baháʼí to settle in Europe. By 1953 many had. Soon many national assemblies reformed. Baháʼís had managed to re-enter various countries of the

7197: 2381: 2275: 849: 817: 7258: 7035: 4291: 4048: 3746:"Excerpts from the lives of early and contemporary believers on teaching the Baháʼí Faith: Enoch Olinga, Hand of the Cause of God, Father of Victories" 684:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's first European trip spanned from August to December 1911, at which time he returned to Egypt. During his first European trip he visited 595:

as the person who wrote the first and most influential account of the movement, displaying a both accurate and inaccurate knowledge, of its history in

1640:

of Georgia formed in 1991 and Georgian Baháʼís elected their first National Spiritual Assembly in 1995. The religion is noted as growing in Georgia.

7304: 7273: 7117: 2323: 383: 6443: 6253: 4874: 4160: 4025: 3977: 3955: 2734: 1121: 1000: 5742: 1919:. In 1962 the first National Spiritual Assembly of Sweden was elected. The Baháʼís claim about 1,000 members and 25 local assemblies in Sweden. 1392: 6932: 864:, was still able to travel through Germany in 1936, though the plaque commemorating ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's visit had been taken down. By 1937 however, 5772: 6901: 6874: 6813: 6313: 6286: 6042: 4965: 4900: 4435: 3446: 3161: 3134: 2718: 2311: 2122: 2067: 2021: 1959: 1715: 1374: 1198: 1171: 637:

was granted four interviews with Baháʼu'lláh after he had arrived in the area of Akka and left the only detailed description by a Westerner.

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The first mentions of the Baháʼí Faith in the Netherlands were in Dutch newspapers which in 1852 covered some of the events relating to the

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During his travels, he visited England in the autumn of 1911. On 10 September he made his first public appearance before an audience at the

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approached from Moscow through many Soviet republics. The National Assembly of the Russian Federations was ultimately formed in 1995. The

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in the 19th century. Following the introduction of followers of the religion shortly before 1900 the community grew and was assisted by

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was discussed in the writings of various Western intellectuals and scholars during the lifetime of Baháʼu'lláh. His son and successor,

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Studies in Babi and Baha'i History, volumes 1, chapter: Kenosha, 1893–1912: History of an Early Baháʼí Community in the United States

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to and the first Baháʼí to settle in Norway was Johanna Schubartt. Following a period of more Baháʼí pioneers coming to the country,

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at the groundbreaking 20 November 1960. Designated as the "Mother Temple of Europe", it was dedicated in 1964 by Hand of the Cause

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were elected "where conditions are favorable and the number of the friends has grown and reached a considerable size". Along with

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became aware of the claims of the Báb and seeing the fleeing of Bábís across the border requested that the Báb, then imprisoned at

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The Baháʼí Faith in Georgia begins with its arrival in the region in 1850 through its association with the precursor religion the

1137: 1034:, where approximately 6,000 Baháʼís from around the world gathered. It was called to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the 768:

on 13 December, and over the next six months he visited Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, and Germany before finally returning to

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In addition to newspaper coverage and diplomatic communications a growing scholarly interest reached the point that in April 1890

323: 4239: 4195: 3929: 1450:, then head of the religion, that Baháʼís should take the religion to the regions of Europe including Slovakia, then part of the 7192: 7102: 7055: 7050: 7040: 7025: 7015: 6965: 6960: 2407: 2206: 1933: 1826: 1784: 1762: 1731: 1691: 1628:, the Baháʼís in the Soviet Republics lost contact with the Baháʼís elsewhere. However, in 1963 an individual was identified in 1615: 1565: 1531:

The Baháʼí Faith in Azerbaijan crosses a complex history of regional changes. Before 1850 followers of the predecessor religion

1360: 1344: 1314: 981: 482: 438: 318: 202: 98: 1740:

of religion in the former Soviet Union. Before that time, Ukraine, as part of Russia, would have had indirect contact with the

1707: 1066: 727: 7187: 7177: 7147: 7132: 7127: 7030: 4955: 3849: 2297: 2233: 1894: 1856: 1649: 1429: 1386: 1187: 502: 245: 7060: 6618: 5717:"Victory Messages; The Baha'i world resounds with the glorious news of Five Year Plan victories (section mentioning Andorra)" 5297: 4482: 2050:

mentioning it as a place to take the religion to in 1916. The first Baháʼí visitor to Portugal was in 1926. Its first Baháʼí

1536: 697: 7172: 7067: 6500: 3714: 2083: 1979: 1020: 845: 426: 197: 34: 4262:"Stand up for Iran's Bahaʼis - Voices from the arts call for the imprisoned Baha'i leaders in Iran to receive a fair trial" 4104: 4074: 3745: 600: 4134: 528:. Among the most notable facts is a woman of Azerbaijani background who would play a central role in the religion of the 7010: 2212: 2126: 2071: 2025: 1963: 1737: 1719: 1703: 1625: 1583: 1408: 906: 571: 548: 6716: 4398: 3820: 3628: 3486: 2360: 2101: 1993: 1947: 1904: 1874: 1802: 1768: 923: 345: 6231: 4329: 2386:

The Baháʼí Faith in the United Kingdom started with the earliest mentions of the predecessor of the Baháʼí Faith, the

2194: 2109: 2059: 2009: 1882: 1840: 1814: 1772: 1332: 1160:

for example 2009, the Portugal community hosted one for over 200 participants from all 5 continents, and counted with

1058:, the head of the religion since 1963, then recognized small Baháʼí presence across the USSR of about 200 Baháʼís. As 945: 841: 7225: 7122: 6534: 1899:

The Baháʼí Faith in Sweden began after coverage in the 19th century followed by several Swedish-Americans who had met

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Vatican City is one of the two countries believed to have no Baháʼís at least as of 2008. The other is North Korea.

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mentioning it as a place to take the religion to in 1916. The first Baháʼí to visit Spain was in 1930 and the first

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data populations in European countries range from hundreds to over 35,000 and the many European governments and the

1156:

Conferences of youth across Nordic countries began to happen as well as short term "Summer Schools" as a concept of

7230: 7082: 6925: 3684: 2713:. Numen Book Series Studies in the History of Religions. Vol. 106. Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. 34–35, 147. 2130: 1844: 1789:

The Baháʼí Faith in Finland began with contact between traveling Scandinavians with early Persian believers of the

1547: 1101: 1055: 1039: 1008: 861: 797: 703:

His first touch on European soil was in Marseille, France where he was met by one of the earliest French Baháʼís -

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The Baháʼí Faith in Norway began with contact between traveling Scandinavians with early Persian believers of the

1586:, the Baháʼís in Armenia lost contact with the Baháʼís elsewhere. However, in 1963 communities were identified in 1415:, the Baháʼís in Poland began to initiate contact with each other and have meetings – the first of these arose in 403: 398: 350: 174: 7182: 7152: 7112: 7092: 4564: 4504: 2542: 1775:

in 1962. With Iranian Baháʼí refugees and convert Danes the modern community was about 330 Baháʼís as of 2011.3

1105: 388: 93: 7263: 7087: 5567: 4052: 3999: 2364: 2280: 2186: 2105: 2051: 2005: 1951: 1912: 1878: 1810: 1695: 1637: 1599: 1460: 1451: 1424: 1324: 837: 642: 7283: 7268: 7215: 7167: 6995: 4545:. Vol. Winter 1999, no. 29. Association for Baháʼí Studies (English-Speaking Europe). Archived from 3025: 1835:

first visiting Iceland in 1924, and met with Holmfridur Arnadottir who became the first Icelandic Baháʼí. The

1035: 278: 235: 123: 7142: 7020: 7000: 6985: 6980: 6970: 6955: 4287: 7278: 7220: 7157: 7107: 7077: 7045: 7005: 5620: 5370: 1579: 739: 735: 168: 7253: 7097: 4651: 4164: 2255: 2013: 1675: 879: 874: 422: 393: 65: 50: 6062: 5936: 5664: 5650: 5402: 5199: 4776: 4364: 3345: 2417: 2390:, in British newspapers. Some of the first British people who became members of the Baháʼí Faith include 2118: 2104:

to stay was Virginia Orbison in January 1947. Following some conversions to the religion the first Baháʼí

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compiled by Thomas Linard, published in Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baháʼí Studies, 3, 1997–06

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The Baháʼí Faith in France started after French citizens observed and studied the religion in its native

2114: 1157: 713: 709: 6918: 6257: 5568:"Members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance" 3093: 2613: 1655: 1395:

wrote several articles covering its early history in Persia. There was a polish language translation of

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The Baháʼí Faith in Hungary started in various mentions of the religion in the 19th century followed by

1327:

was established following the conversion of enough individuals to elect one in 1908. After the visit of

934: 537: 525: 288: 6455: 5976: 5336: 4742: 4261: 3269: 3059: 2344: 2307: 2243: 2220: 2182: 2178: 2097: 2063: 2047: 1985: 1943: 1900: 1870: 1862: 1836: 1798: 1790: 1741: 1679: 1571: 1544: 1447: 1366: 1328: 1321: 1289: 785: 781: 731: 704: 674: 618: 588: 470: 466: 154: 75: 42: 6340: 3248: 2020:

and the 2009 regional conference for southern Europe in Padua about the progress of the religion. The

5750: 5475: 5165: 2978:

Bibliographie des ouvrages de langue française mentionnant les religions babie ou bahaʼie (1844–1944)

2442: 2348: 1348: 758: 754: 634: 335: 6805:

The Babi Question You Mentioned--: The Origins of the Baha'i Community of the Netherlands, 1844-1962

6556:

Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb, by Nader Saiedi: Review by Stephen Lambden

6420: 6114:. Foundation Hall, US Baháʼí House of Worship, Wilmette, Illinois: Baháʼí Academics Resource Library 5120: 4829: 2238:

The Baháʼí Faith in Turkey has a history that goes back to the roots of the religion from the first

2062:. In 1963 there were nine assemblies. According to recent counts close to some 2,000 members of the 1197:

and stating they were "ashamed" and pledging their support for achieving the rights detailed in the

113: 5780: 3452: 3074:. London: in London, P.S. King & Son and Boston, The World's Peace Foundation. pp. 154–157 2977: 1412: 789: 6394:

Baháʼí Journal of the Baháʼí Community of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

5951:"From Ciallipoli to the Most Great Prison; Message from the Universal House of Justice to Palermo" 340: 6880: 6602: 6058: 5932: 5646: 5406: 5195: 4772: 4655: 3349: 2432: 2427: 2412: 2133:

picked the Spanish community to host a regional conference for the Iberian peninsula and beyond.

1745: 1578:, the Founder of the Bábí Faith, viewed by Baháʼís as a precursor religion. The same year of the 1043: 813: 592: 579: 268: 212: 128: 4603: 4595: 3780: 3772: 2929: 2467: 1670:. Soon after, Russian diplomats to Persia would observe, react to, and sends updates about, the 1124:

and the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Germany, featured development projects in

6078:"Chronicles of a Birth: Early References to the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions in Spain (1850–1853)" 4746: 3876: 3522:. Haifa, Palestine: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 1991 first pocket-size edition. pp. 64–67. 2965: 2811: 2121:

joined the religion. Fifty years after the first local assembly there were 100 assemblies. The

927: 6897: 6894:

Citizens of the World: A History and Sociology of the Bahaʹis from a Globalisation Perspective

6870: 6828: 6809: 6788: 6648: 6614: 6346: 6309: 6282: 6103: 6038: 5958: 5914: 5888: 5862: 5836: 5810: 5724: 5600: 5594: 5346: 5271: 5265: 4961: 4752: 4607: 4546: 4452:"A Draft Summary of the History and International Character of the Hungarian Baháʼí Community" 4431: 4421: 4370: 3899: 3784: 3694: 3632: 3598: 3592: 3571: 3490: 3326: 3279: 3157: 3130: 3063: 2893: 2883: 2873: 2863: 2842: 2817: 2714: 2710:

Citizens of the World; A History and Sociology of the Baha'is from a Globalization Perspective

2673: 2646: 2510: 2437: 2088:

The history of the Baháʼí Faith in Spain begins with coverage of events in the history of the

1280: 1028: 1024: 993: 953: 931: 894: 747: 650: 609: 6686: 6303: 6276: 6032: 5427: 5217: 3690:

Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: the Third Epoch of the Formative Age

3661: 2738: 2363:

arriving in 1946. Following their arrival and conversions of some citizens, the first Baháʼí

1984:

The Baháʼí Faith in Italy begins before 1899 – the earliest known date for Baháʼís in Italy.

1666:, viewed by Bahá´ís as the direct predecessor of the Baháʼí Faith - she would be later named 1104:

dated 20 October 1983 was released. Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the

532:, viewed by Bahá´ís as the direct predecessor of the Baháʼí Faith – she would be later named 6862: 6780: 6638: 6478: 6006: 4641:. Haifa, Israel: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 1991 first pocket-size edition. pp. 64–67. 4138: 3911: 2764: 2665: 2638: 1955: 865: 630: 147: 6754: 6205: 6187: 6169: 6151: 6133: 5950: 5906: 5880: 5854: 5828: 5802: 5716: 5453: 5239: 5143: 5043: 4852: 4430:. Studies in the Bábí and Baháʼí religions. Vol. 14. Kalimat Press. pp. 109–126. 4240:"We are ashamed! Century and a half of silence towards oppression against Bahais is enough" 3451:. Armenian Research Center collection. St. Martin's Press. pp. 470–473. Archived from 1873:'s, then head of the religion, request outlining Norway among the countries Baháʼís should 1288:, a member of the European Parliament and former Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and 1193:

activists from some 21 countries including Iran signed an open letter of apology posted to

889:

1938 "monstrous accusations" accusing Baháʼís of being 'closely linked with the leaders of

883: 6850: 6634: 6568: 6367: 5025: 4940: 4636: 3578: 3517: 3370: 2422: 1603: 1214: 1004: 743: 646: 4397:. REMID – the "Religious Studies Media and Information Service" in Germany. August 2007. 4227: 3190: 293: 6084:. Vol. 05. Center for Baháʼí Studies: Acuto, Italy: Irfan Colloquia. pp. 59–76 5345:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 31–32. 5242:. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. State Department. 15 September 2004 4751:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 40/42. 4686: 3167: 6572: 6336: 4632: 3816: 3657: 3545: 3513: 3319: 3314: 3067: 2807: 2395: 2216: 2155: 1847:. The number of assemblies is the highest percentage, by population, in all of Europe. 1832: 1794: 1683: 1659: 1455: 1400: 1285: 1210: 1175: 1161: 1133: 996: 919: 833: 583: 575: 498: 497:

reported national Baháʼí populations ranging from hundreds to over 35,000 in 2005. The

263: 5073:. Evanston, Illinois: National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. 4247: 4203: 3982:"Faith groups, including Baha'is of Germany, meet on environment and climate concerns" 3933: 1480: 7298: 6884: 6576: 6555: 5512: 4994: 3915: 3442: 2586: 1967: 1809:

area in the 1920s. Following a period of more Baháʼí pioneers coming to the country,

1805:

to. Later, after Finland gained independence from Russia, Baháʼís began to visit the

1370: 1222: 1202: 1112:

activities in the UK. An estimated 500,000 people visited the Baháʼí pavilion at the

964: 793: 689: 478: 5340: 3278:(Paperback ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 43. 3273: 3213: 1454:. It is not clear when the first Baháʼís entered Slovakia but there were Baháʼís in 1403:

returned to Poland in 1938 as its first well known Baháʼí. During the period of the

836:, head of the religion after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, included development of the first Baháʼí 6107: 4971: 4565:"Baháʼís in South Africa – Progress of the Baháʼí Faith in South Africa since 1911" 3622: 3474: 2271: 2017: 1997: 1989: 1699: 1340: 1276: 1250: 1238: 1201:

for the Baháʼís in Iran. The second letter a few weeks later was when entertainers

1031: 938: 853: 360: 161: 23: 18: 5305: 3688: 3072:

Papers on Inter-racial Problems Communicated to the First Universal Races Congress

2215:

of religion in the former Soviet Union. Before that time, Moldova, as part of the

6803: 6642: 5779:. Vol. Online. Wolfram – Alpha (curated data(. 13 March 2010. Archived from 5551:

Hassall, Graham; Fazel, Seena (1998). "100 Years of the Baháʼí Faith in Europe".

4425: 3722: 3120: 2786: 2708: 1574:

in Armenia begins with some involvements in the banishments and execution of the

6077: 5088: 5026:"The Bahaʼis of the Caucasus: From Russian Tolerance to Soviet Repression {3/3}" 4933:"The Bahaʼis of the Caucasus: From Russian Tolerance to Soviet Repression {2/3}" 4395:

Religionen in Deutschland: Mitgliederzahlen (Membership of religions in Germany)

3388: 2328: 2190: 1866: 1806: 1711: 1633: 1595: 1552: 1404: 1396: 1258: 1206: 1194: 1150: 1059: 857: 829: 809: 805: 685: 5773:"Andorra: population, capital, cities, GDP, map, flag, currency, languages, .." 4112: 4082: 3749: 1771:

in 1946. Following that period of growth, the community established its Baháʼí

1556:

in Nakhichevan, where it all began, is still seriously harassed and oppressed.

1069:

Baháʼís in several cities were able to gather and organize. In this brief time

730:, who had asked to meet ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Soltan, who had ordered the execution of 4797:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Slovakia. 2008. Archived from 4795:

Official website of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Slovakia

1992:

by the end there may have been just one Baháʼí in the country. Soon a wave of

1813:

spread across Finland while the national community eventually formed a Baháʼí

1464: 1254: 1230: 1226: 1062:

approached, the Baháʼís began to organize and get in contact with each other.

985: 890: 552: 486: 298: 6866: 6442:

Irina, member of the Local Spiritual Assembly of Chisinau (April–July 2004).

5962: 5918: 5892: 5866: 5840: 5814: 5728: 5697:. Andorra la Vella, Andorra: Baháʼí International Community. 18 November 2004 3719:

Official Website of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Germany

3581:, by Graham Hassall, Journal of Baháʼí Studies, 5.3 (September–December 1993) 2507:

Official website of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Germany

1881:

spread across Norway while the national community eventually formed a Baháʼí

1686:

and attracted the attention of scholars and artists, the Baháʼí community in

6858: 6720: 5375:

Official website of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Norway

4719:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Poland. 2008. Archived from 4571:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa. Archived from 4511:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Poland. 2008. Archived from 4390: 2839:

The Babi and Baha'i Religions, 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts

2787:"Responses of Napoleon III and Queen Victoria to the Tablets of Baha'u'llah" 2368: 2352: 2333: 2159: 1916: 1343:

the religion re-organized and was soon given the task of building the first

1263: 1242: 1117: 1109: 989: 870: 800:. The seventh of the tablets was the first to mention several countries in 765: 519: 6558:, published in The Journal of the American Oriental Society, 130:2, 2010-04 6385:

Committee for International Pioneering and Travel Teaching (January 2003).

6228:

Official website of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Spain

6223: 2340: 2239: 2089: 2001: 1671: 1621: 1532: 1416: 283: 240: 6526: 6387:"Report of the Committee for International Pioneering and Travel Teaching" 6152:"Virginia Orbison – A Baha'i pioneer recalls 40 years of service to Faith" 5216:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Azerbaijan. Archived from 2614:"Conspiracies and Forgeries: the attack upon the Baha'i community in Iran" 2193:

and separation into Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Baháʼís had not elected a

2042:

The Baháʼí Faith in Portugal comes after the first mention of Portugal in

1946:

listed it as a place to take the religion to in 1916. The first Baháʼí to

1793:

in the mid-to-late 19th century while Finland was politically part of the

1662:

in figure of a woman who would play a central role in the religion of the

1275:

In between the open letters, on the 16th, British Foreign Office Minister

1087: 784:

the first mention of many European countries is in the twentieth century.

6910: 2247: 1687: 1246: 1234: 1218: 1178:

as a whole have been alarmed at the treatment of Baháʼís in modern Iran.

1164:

and Violette Nakhjavani, as well as Glenford Mitchell, as main speakers.

1125: 856:. For example, during the early Nazi period Baháʼís had general freedom; 556: 6606: 4003: 1938:

The Baháʼí Faith in Andorra begins with the first mention of Andorra in

1843:

was elected in 1972. Currently around 400 Baháʼís in the country and 13

922:

drew up plans for the American (US and Canada) Baháʼí community to send

788:, the son of the founder of the religion, wrote a series of letters, or 536:, though her story would be in the context of Persia. She was among the 6345:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 389, 395. 4720: 4312: 3721:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Germany. Archived from 3299:

The Baháʼí World: A Biennial International Record, Volume II, 1926–1928

3037: 3024:

various (20 August 1911). Windust, Albert R; Buikema, Gertrude (eds.).

2509:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Germany. Archived from 2263: 1667: 1629: 1587: 1113: 926:

to Europe; the Baháʼís set up a European Teaching Committee chaired by

902: 898: 533: 490: 5667:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Sweden. Archived from 5377:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Norway. Archived from 5369:

National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Norway (25 March 2008).

4995:"Notes on the Babi and Baha'i Religions in Russia and its territories" 4002:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Sweden. Archived from 3572:"Notes on the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions in Russia and its Territories" 796:

in 1916-1917; these letters were compiled together in the book titled

5623:. National Spiritual Council of the Baha'is in Norway. Archived from 4572: 4512: 2550: 2356: 2303: 2267: 2259: 2224:

Spiritual Assembly. There were about 400 Baháʼís in Moldova in 2004.

2055: 1839:

was recognized as a religious community in 1966 and the first Baháʼí

1420: 957: 801: 677:, then head of the Baháʼí Faith, embarked on a three-year journey to 622: 544: 474: 328: 5494:"Finnish TV talk show host finds success in unconventional approach" 4290:(Press release). Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 16 February 2009. 4228:

UN Commission expresses concern over human rights violations in Iran

3100:. Assemblée Spirituelle Nationale des Baháʼís de France. 9 July 2000 2816:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. g. 65. 2387: 1663: 1575: 1038:, and announce and present the election of the first members of the 529: 514: 70: 6419:. Association for Baháʼí Studies in Southern Africa. Archived from 5119:. Association for Baháʼí Studies in Southern Africa. Archived from 4828:. Association for Baháʼí Studies in Southern Africa. Archived from 4563:

National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa (1997).

3900:"The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments" 3094:"Hippolyte Dreyfus, apôtre d'ʻAbdu'l-Bahá; Premier Baháʼí français" 1996:

was coordinated with the first Baháʼís to arrive were Angeline and

1284:

well-known Hungarian personalities posted video messages including

5690: 5493: 5476:"In Finland, an emphasis on diversity leads to human rights award" 4878: 4798: 4350: 4029: 3981: 3803: 3415: 2900:, Publisher Société asiatique, October–November 1866, pp. 357–400. 2890:, Publisher Société asiatique, August–September 1866, pp. 196–252. 2177:

The Baháʼí Faith in Bosnia and Herzegovina begins with mention by

1950:

to Andorra was William Danjon Dieudonne in 1953. By 1979 a Baháʼí

1885:

in 1962. There are currently around 1,000 Baháʼís in the country.

1591: 1539:. By the early 20th century the Baháʼí community, now centered in 1391:

The Baháʼí Faith in Poland begins in the 1870s when Polish writer

1149:

in India. In 2005 former German federal Minister of the Interior,

1129: 1086: 769: 723: 693: 678: 564: 355: 17: 5983:. Padua, Italy: Baháʼí International Community. 7–8 February 2009 5749:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 5624: 5378: 4202:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from 3959: 3930:"AGENDA 21 - Sustainable Development: Introduction to UK project" 1907:

or visited the country starting in 1920. By 1932 translations of

1446:

The Baháʼí Faith in Slovakia begins after 1916 with a mention by

6755:"In the United Kingdom, Baháʼís promote a dialogue on diversity" 6581:

Nouveau Larousse illustré: dictionnaire universel encyclopédique

6481:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs 5572:

Church of Norway and other religious and life stance communities

5146:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs 5046:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs 4855:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs 2197:

but do have a small population in a few regions in the country.

1540: 1336: 6914: 5668: 4853:"Slovak Republic – International Religious Freedom Report 2007" 2016:, the founder of the religion, from Gallipoli to the prison in 1582:

the religion was introduced into Armenia. During the period of

722:. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá stayed in France for a few days before going to 570:

After being further banished from Baghdad, Baháʼu'lláh wrote a

3960:"500,000 people visit Baha'i exhibit at the Hanover Expo 2000" 3693:. Wilmette, Illinois: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 37–8. 2990:

Bausani, Alessandro and Dennis MacEoin (1989). "Abd-al-Bahā".

2707:

Warburg, Margit (2006). Hanegraaff, W.J.; Kumar, P.P. (eds.).

2543:"Statement on the history of the Baháʼí Faith in Soviet Union" 2355:

newspaper, sent a correspondent to investigate the Baháʼís in

1710:

Baháʼís in several cities were able to gather and organize as

1654:

The Baháʼí Faith in Russia begins with connections during the

1475: 582:

and commending the Queen for the fact that her government had

6305:

A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture

6230:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Spain. 1997. 4454:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Hungary. 2011 4313:

Official English news page of the Baháʼí Community of Hungary

6417:

homepage for an online course on the book "Century of Light"

5117:

homepage for an online course on the book "Century of Light"

2058:

in 1946. In 1962 the Portuguese Baháʼís elected their first

1399:

published in 1915. After becoming a Baháʼí in 1925 Poland's

726:

in Switzerland. While in Thonon-les-Bains, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá met

5537:. Wilmette, Illinois: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 205. 4826:

webpage for an online course on the book "Century of Light"

4391:"Verschiedene Gemeinschaften / neuere religiöse Bewegungen" 3036:(9). Chicago, USA: Baháʼí News Service: all. Archived from 2870:, Publisher Société asiatique, April–May 1866, pp. 329–384, 2154:

The Baháʼí Faith in Albania was introduced in the 1930s by

1722:) estimated the Baháʼís in Russia at about 18,990 in 2005. 681:, Europe, and North America, spreading the Baháʼí message. 621:. These two Baháʼís were arrested and executed because the 599:

in 1865 followed almost simultaneously in western press by

6503:. The Muslim Network for Bahaʼi Rights. 13 December 2008. 5907:"First Annual Convention Baháʼís of Italy and Switzerland" 4351:

Hungarian personalities speak out for human rights in Iran

4326:"Baháʼís of Hungary to the Baháʼís and Government of Iran" 1698:

and was a center of scholarship. During the period of the

828:

Succeeding development of the religion in the 1920s after

5044:"International Religious Freedom Report 2006– Azerbaijan" 4030:"Senior government minister praises Baha'i contributions" 2926:"The Baháʼí Faith in the United Kingdom -A Brief History" 1624:

during the lifetime of Baháʼu'lláh. During the period of

930:. At a follow-up conference in Stockholm in August 1953, 2242:, an immediate predecessor religion associated with the 1267:

of London of the Baháʼí leaders to be on trial in Iran:

1095:

Since its inception the religion has had involvement in

6785:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá: The Centre of the Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 5304:. National Spiritual Assembly of Norway. Archived from 3301:(New York City: Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 1928), 182–85. 1911:

had been accomplished and around 1947 the first Baháʼí

1865:

in the mid-to-late 19th century. Baháʼís first visited

1492: 1076:

Law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations

567:

or any place he wished. Baháʼu'lláh refused the offer.

6501:"For the first time, Turkish Baha'i appointed as dean" 6479:"International Religious Freedom Report 2008 – Turkey" 2880:, Publisher Société asiatique, June 1866, pp. 457–522. 2173:

Baháʼí Faith in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

6825:

Wegwijs in religieus en levensbeschouwelijk Nederland

5144:"Armenia International Religious Freedom Report 2004" 3666:

Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies

2672:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, pp. 77–78, 99–100, 2129:) estimated some 12,800 Baháʼís in 2005. In 2008 the 1120:. The 170 square-meter Baháʼí exhibit, hosted by the 840:

and National organizations. In 1923 the first Baháʼí

812:. The seventh tablet was translated and presented by 5535:

Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1968–73

4687:"Notes on Research on National Spiritual Assemblies" 4539:"The Polish Response to Soviet Anti-Baháʼí Polemics" 3325:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 2966:

Early Western Accounts of the Babi and Baháʼí Faiths

2591:

Draft for "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"

7244: 7206: 6948: 5513:"Amelia Collins the fulfilled Hope of ʻAbdu'l-Baha" 5296:National Spiritual Assembly of Norway (2007–2008). 4200:

QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >

3877:"Education of women and socio-economic development" 3804:

High-ranking member of the Baha'i Faith passes away

3542:

draft of "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith"

2462:Baháʼí Information Office (United Kingdom) (1989). 5482:. Vol. 15, no. 3. October–December 2003. 4288:"Trial of members of the Iranian Baháʼí community" 3318: 2549:. Local Spiritual Assembly of Kyiv. Archived from 1966:) there were about 80 Baháʼís in Andorra. In 2010 501:and several European countries have condemned the 6787:(Paperback ed.). Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 6691:draft of A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith 4931:Balci, Bayram; Jafarov, Azer (21 February 2007), 4049:"Trialog International - Die jährliche Konferenz" 2028:) estimated some 4,900 Baháʼís in Italy in 2005. 1543:, numbered perhaps 2,000 individuals and several 775: 757:, London, with the English translation spoken by 6741: 3854:draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith" 3821:"Russia's 1997 Law Renews Religious Persecution" 2541:Local Spiritual Assembly of Kyiv (August 2007). 6281:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79, 95. 5835:. No. 10. September 1946. pp. 18–20. 5747:International > Regions > Southern Europe 4558: 4556: 4137:. Summer School Committee. 2010. Archived from 1054:While the religion grew in Western Europe, the 1019:In 1963 the British community hosted the first 5024:Balci, Bayram; Jafarov, Azer (20 March 2007), 3843: 3841: 3631:. pp. 85, 124, 148–151, 306–9, 403, 413. 3250:Tablets, Instructions and Words of Explanation 3127:With ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Thonon, Vevey, and Geneva 2785:Universal House of Justice (6 November 1997). 597:Religions et philosophies dans l'Asie centrale 481:and gave talks to audiences there. There is a 6926: 6685:C. van den Hoonaard, Will (8 November 1993). 6374:. Vol. 1998, no. 8. pp. 35–44. 5593:Collins, William (1982). Moojan Momen (ed.). 5364: 5362: 3616: 3614: 3377:. Vol. 1998, no. 8. pp. 35–44. 2961: 2959: 2211:The Baháʼí Faith in Moldova began during the 1736:The Baháʼí Faith in Ukraine began during the 1674:which was succeeded by their encounters with 446: 8: 6613:. S. A. Brepols I. G. P. and CIB Maredsous. 5957:. No. 451. October 1968. pp. 1–2. 5291: 5289: 5287: 4328:. Hans Peterson. 10 May 2009. Archived from 3652: 3650: 3648: 3414:German Baháʼí News Service (25 April 2007). 3216:. Baha'i Publishing Trust Wilmette, Illinois 2347:regards as a precursor religion. Circa 1904 2266:, and then further banishments to Istanbul, 2092:in the 1850s. The first mention of Spain in 1279:expressed concern over the trial. Hungarian 1138:Ernst Lange-Institute for Ecumenical Studies 905:bands'. Following this numerous arrests and 6477:U.S. State Department (19 September 2008). 6158:. No. 586. January 1980. pp. 1–5. 5409:Residing in the Holy Land, pages 22 and 46. 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5264:Warburg, Margit (2004). Peter Smith (ed.). 5106: 5104: 5102: 5042:U.S. State Department (15 September 2006). 4960:. London, UK: George Ronald Publisher Ltd. 4879:"Slovak government recognizes Baha'i Faith" 4851:U.S. State Department (14 September 2007). 4532: 4530: 3773:"conferences and congresses, international" 3662:"Chapter Four – The Baha'i Faith in Turkey" 3591:Warburg, Margit (2004). Peter Smith (ed.). 3352:Residing in the Holy Land, pages 22 and 46. 3125:. Kalimat Press. pp. 147–223, Chapter 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2464:"First Public Mentions of the Baháʼí Faith" 2219:, would have had indirect contact with the 1294:Statements about the persecution of Baháʼís 1147:Barli Development Institute for Rural Women 963:In 1962 in "Religion in the Soviet Union", 910:across Soviet territories ceased to exist. 662: 6933: 6919: 6911: 6849:Fazel, Seena (2022). "Ch. 43: Europe". In 6710: 6708: 6212:. No. 469. November 1970. p. 14. 6108:"Whatever happened to the Double Crusade?" 5861:. No. 192. February 1947. p. 1. 5546: 5544: 5082: 5080: 4600:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 4363:Mooman, Moojan (2004). Peter Smith (ed.). 3779:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 3777:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 3264: 3262: 3260: 2645:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, p. 131, 792:, to the followers of the religion in the 453: 439: 29: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6368:"100 Years of the Baháʼí Faith in Europe" 6000: 5998: 5723:. No. 581. August 1979. p. 11. 5420:"Other Churches and Religions in Finland" 5398: 5396: 5302:Official website of the Baháʼís of Norway 5089:"From Islam to Feminism via Baha'i Faith" 4717:Official Webpage of the Baháʼís of Poland 4602:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 4509:Official Webpage of the Baháʼís of Poland 4223: 4221: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4051:. Herbert Quandt Stiftung. Archived from 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3371:"100 Years of the Baháʼí Faith in Europe" 2274:during which significant portions of the 2189:was formed in 1990. With the Yugoslavian 2108:of Madrid was elected in 1948. The first 1459:Czechoslovakia. In 1991 the first Baháʼí 1140:held a meeting under the auspices of the 776:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of the Divine Plan 688:on the border of France and Switzerland, 6667: 6140:. No. 191. January 1947. p. 1. 5259: 5257: 5240:"International Religious Freedom Report" 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4897:"Freedom in the World – Slovakia (2008)" 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4475:"Baháʼí community celebrates new center" 3624:The Ministry of the Custodians 1957-1963 3531: 3529: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3309: 3307: 3193:. National Spiritual Assembly of Britain 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2950: 2911: 2694: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2327: 6823:Hoekstra, E.G.; Ypenburg, M.H. (2000). 6224:"Carta abierta a los pueblos de España" 5913:. No. 266. April 1953. p. 2. 5887:. No. 205. March 1948. p. 9. 5809:. No. 43. August 1930. p. 8. 5691:"Mountainous country marks anniversary" 3567: 3565: 3563: 3544:. Baháʼí Library Online. Archived from 3508: 3506: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3234: 3153:Vignettes from the Life of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 3119:Thompson, Juliet; Marzieh Gail (1983). 3011: 2690: 2688: 2547:Official Website of the Baháʼís of Kyiv 2454: 1831:The Baháʼí Faith in Iceland began when 1682:. While the religion spread across the 41: 6413:"Major events of the Century of Light" 6194:. No. 449. March 1972. p. 7. 5452:. 24-7Prayer.com. 2003. Archived from 5113:"Major events of the Century of Light" 4822:"Major events of the Century of Light" 4627: 4625: 4623: 2643:The Báb: The Herald of the Day of Days 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 1702:, Russia adopted the Soviet policy of 1292:, a UNESCO Artist for Peace. See also 948:of Turkey was formed with the help of 907:Soviet government policy of oppression 6537:from the original on 11 December 2008 6507:from the original on 27 December 2008 6234:from the original on 14 December 2009 6176:. No. 446. May 1968. p. 11. 6037:. Kalimat Press. pp. 22, 36–38. 5855:"Four More Pioneers Leave for Europe" 4899:. Freedom House. 2008. Archived from 4294:from the original on 21 February 2009 3850:"History of the Baha'i Faith in Iran" 3156:. UK: George Ronald. pp. 51–52. 2765:"Baha'u'llah's Tablets to the Rulers" 2312:Association of Religion Data Archives 2123:Association of Religion Data Archives 2068:Association of Religion Data Archives 2022:Association of Religion Data Archives 1960:Association of Religion Data Archives 1903:in the United States around 1912 and 1716:Association of Religion Data Archives 1626:Soviet policy of religious oppression 1584:Soviet policy of religious oppression 1375:Association of Religion Data Archives 1199:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1182:Actions on the persecution of Baháʼís 1172:Association of Religion Data Archives 495:Association of Religion Data Archives 7: 5214:"Baha'i Faith History in Azerbaijan" 5067:"Aqasi, Haji Mirza (ʻAbbas Iravani)" 4954:Stendardo, Luigi (30 January 1985). 3898:Momen, Moojan; Smith, Peter (1989). 2258:, the founder of the religion, from 2254:, through the initial banishment of 1407:Poland adopted the Soviet policy of 578:commenting favorably on the British 6278:An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith 5533:Universal House of Justice (1976). 4658:Residing in the Holy Land, page 109 4165:"The Frankfurt Regional Conference" 3473:Universal House of Justice (1986). 3253:. Translated by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab. 3247:ʻAbbas, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (April 1919). 2332:Baháʼí Conference Centre De Poort, 1958:is known. In 2005 according to the 1744:as far back as 1847. Following the 1142:German Federal Environment Ministry 1050:Rebirth and restriction in the East 914:(Re-)Establishment of the community 669:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West 663:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West 543:In 1847, the Russian ambassador to 493:, which was completed in 1964. The 5270:. Kalimat Press. pp. 228–63. 5176:from the original on 23 April 2009 4369:. Kalimat Press. pp. 63–109. 3597:. Kalimat Press. pp. 228–63. 2841:, Oxford, England: George Ronald, 2382:Baháʼí Faith in the United Kingdom 2195:Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly 1694:, elected one of the first Baháʼí 1377:data there are close to some 290. 1335:in 1923. Banned for a time by the 1261:said in an open letter printed in 1042:with the participation of over 50 816:on 4 April 1919, and published in 14: 6527:"Turkey /Religions & Peoples" 6262:Baháʼí International News Service 6134:"Seventh Pioneer Flies to Lisbon" 6112:Informal Talks by Notable Figures 6005:Moreira, Rute (13 January 2001). 5695:Baháʼí International News Service 4473:Mallows, Lucy (5 December 2002). 4401:from the original on 25 June 2008 4246:. 4 February 2009. Archived from 3212:Lady Blomfield (1 October 2006). 1879:Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies 1811:Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies 1696:local administrative institutions 1423:. In March 1991 the first Baháʼí 1373:. However, according to the 2005 1007:, representing the first elected 603:as a series of articles entitled 6258:"The Madrid Regional Conference" 4957:Leo Tolstoy and the Baháʼí Faith 3932:. 21 August 2003. Archived from 3416:"German town re-erects monument" 1479: 421: 49: 6448:European Baháʼí Women's Network 6366:Hassall, Graham; Fazel, Seena. 6007:"Comunidade Baháʼí em Portugal" 5977:"The Padua Regional Conference" 5881:"Europeau Enrollments Increase" 5426:. December 2004. Archived from 5172:. Paternoster Lifestyle. 2001. 5166:"Republic of Armenia, Hayastan" 4109:Nordic Baha'i Youth Conferences 4079:Nordic Baha'i Youth Conferences 4026:International Community, Baháʼí 3978:International Community, Baháʼí 3956:International Community, Baháʼí 3369:Hassall, Graham; Fazel, Seena. 3189:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (1 October 2006). 3062:; Wellesley Tudor Pole (1911). 2324:Baháʼí Faith in the Netherlands 2187:Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly 1708:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1067:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1046:members from around the world. 6254:Baháʼí International Community 6076:Egea, Amin (10–13 July 2003). 5829:"News From Other Lands; Italy" 5599:. Kalimat Press. p. 248. 5298:"Skandinavisk Baháʼí historie" 5142:U.S. State Department (2005). 4875:Baháʼí International Community 4713:"Press about the Baháʼí Faith" 4638:The World Order of Baháʼu'lláh 4161:Baháʼí International Community 4111:. Vikings, Inc. Archived from 4081:. Vikings, Inc. Archived from 3875:Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi (1997). 3519:The World Order of Baháʼu'lláh 2735:Baháʼí International Community 1122:Baháʼí International Community 1044:National Spiritual Assemblies' 1001:Baháʼí International Community 820:magazine on 12 December 1919. 698:First Universal Races Congress 1: 6855:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 5095:. Vol. 2000, no. 3. 4999:The Journal of Baháʼí Studies 4693:. Asia Pacific Baháʼí Studies 1970:estimated about 120 Baháʼís. 842:National Spiritual Assemblies 734:, was the eldest grandson of 601:Alexander Kasimovich Kazembek 6742:Hoekstra & Ypenburg 2000 6717:"The Dutch Baha'i Community" 4196:"Most Baháʼí Nations (2005)" 3916:10.1016/0048-721X(89)90077-8 3448:Religion in the Soviet Union 3122:The diary of Juliet Thompson 2262:into then Ottoman cities of 2127:World Christian Encyclopedia 2072:World Christian Encyclopedia 2026:World Christian Encyclopedia 1964:World Christian Encyclopedia 1797:. In the early 20th century 1720:World Christian Encyclopedia 728:Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan 549:Dimitri Ivanovich Dolgorukov 5939:. pp. 93–94, 111, 112. 5071:Baháʼí Encyclopedia Project 3150:Honnold, Annamarie (2010). 3098:Qui est ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ? 3014:, pp. 159–397, 373–379 2924:U.K. Baháʼí Heritage Site. 2110:National Spiritual Assembly 2060:National Spiritual Assembly 2010:National Spiritual Assembly 1883:National Spiritual Assembly 1841:National Spiritual Assembly 1815:National Spiritual Assembly 1773:National Spiritual Assembly 1333:National Spiritual Assembly 1015:First Baháʼí World Congress 946:National Spiritual Assembly 732:King and Beloved of martyrs 619:King and Beloved of Martyrs 7321: 6827:. Kampen: Uitgeverij Kok. 6715:Vieten, Gunter C. (2006). 5566:Statistics Norway (2008). 5342:Tablets of the Divine Plan 4748:Tablets of the Divine Plan 4422:"ʻAbdu'l-Baha in Budapest" 4268:. London. 26 February 2009 3685:Universal House of Justice 3275:Tablets of the Divine Plan 2670:Baháʼu'lláh, King of Glory 2379: 2321: 2295: 2281:Local Spiritual Assemblies 2231: 2204: 2185:was in 1963 and the first 2170: 2131:Universal House of Justice 2081: 2035: 1977: 1931: 1892: 1854: 1845:Local Spiritual Assemblies 1824: 1782: 1760: 1729: 1656:Russian rule in Azerbaijan 1647: 1613: 1600:Local Spiritual Assemblies 1563: 1548:Local Spiritual Assemblies 1527:Baháʼí Faith in Azerbaijan 1524: 1439: 1384: 1358: 1312: 1185: 1102:Universal House of Justice 1097:socio-economic development 1056:Universal House of Justice 1040:Universal House of Justice 1036:declaration of Baháʼu'lláh 1009:Universal House of Justice 862:William Sutherland Maxwell 838:Local Spiritual Assemblies 798:Tablets of the Divine Plan 666: 526:Russian rule in Azerbaijan 208:Universal House of Justice 6765:(2). July–September 2004. 5981:Baháʼí World News Service 5498:Baháʼí World News Service 5087:Monakhova, Elena (2000). 5065:Quinn, Sholeh A. (2009). 4883:Baháʼí World News Service 4424:. In Smith, Peter (ed.). 4169:Baháʼí World News Service 4135:"Media (Pics & Vids)" 4034:Baháʼí World News Service 3986:Baháʼí World News Service 3964:Baháʼí World News Service 3621:Rabbani, R., ed. (1992). 3420:Baháʼí World News Service 2066:in 2005 according to the 574:or "tablet" addressed to 379:Socioeconomic development 6892:Warburg, Margit (2006). 6867:10.4324/9780429027772-50 6802:de Vries, Jelle (2002). 6647:. Oxford, UK: Oneworld. 6609:. In Longton, J. (ed.). 6308:. C. Hurst. p. 20. 4993:Hassall, Graham (1993). 4420:Lederer, György (2004). 4047:Micksch, Jürgen (2009). 3191:"ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in London" 2503:"Geschichte (100 Jahre)" 2365:Local Spiritual Assembly 2106:Local Spiritual Assembly 2052:Local Spiritual Assembly 2038:Baháʼí Faith in Portugal 2006:Local Spiritual Assembly 1952:Local Spiritual Assembly 1913:Local Spiritual Assembly 1638:Local Spiritual Assembly 1461:Local Spiritual Assembly 1452:Austria-Hungarian Empire 1442:Baháʼí Faith in Slovakia 1425:Local Spiritual Assembly 1325:Local Spiritual Assembly 980:The construction of the 764:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá arrived in 643:Henri Antoine Jules-Bois 6942:Baháʼí Faith in Europe 6693:. Baha'i Library Online 6444:"Activities in Moldova" 4537:Jasion, Jan T. (1999). 3395:. Baháʼí Library Online 2744:. Baháʼí Library Online 2593:. Baháʼí Library Online 2408:Baháʼí Faith by country 2276:writings of Baháʼu'lláh 2207:Baháʼí Faith in Moldova 2024:(relying mostly on the 1934:Baháʼí Faith in Andorra 1869:in the 1920s following 1827:Baháʼí Faith in Iceland 1785:Baháʼí Faith in Finland 1763:Baháʼí Faith in Denmark 1732:Baháʼí Faith in Ukraine 1692:Baháʼí House of Worship 1616:Baháʼí Faith in Georgia 1606:estimated about 1,400. 1566:Baháʼí Faith in Armenia 1361:Baháʼí Faith in Hungary 1345:Baháʼí House of Worship 1339:government and then in 1315:Baháʼí Faith in Germany 1091:Baháʼí House of Worship 982:Baháʼí House of Worship 736:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar 483:Baháʼí House of Worship 193:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 169:Some Answered Questions 22:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, near the 7305:Bahá'í Faith in Europe 6991:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6808:. Peeters Publishers. 6302:Elsie, Robert (2001). 6170:"Granted NSA of Spain" 4479:Budapest Sun (Hungary) 3536:Momen, Moojan (1994). 2837:Momen, Moojan (1981), 2612:Momen, Moojan (2004), 2418:Christianity in Europe 2336: 2298:Baháʼí Faith in France 2234:Baháʼí Faith in Turkey 2167:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2117:and in 1970 the first 2004:1948 the first Baháʼí 1895:Baháʼí Faith in Sweden 1857:Baháʼí Faith in Norway 1704:oppression of religion 1650:Baháʼí Faith in Russia 1430:persecution of Baháʼís 1409:oppression of religion 1387:Baháʼí Faith in Poland 1273: 1188:Persecution of Baháʼís 1170:According to the 2005 1092: 973: 826: 780:In the history of the 503:persecution of Baháʼís 384:Progressive revelation 27: 6533:. LookLex Ltd. 2008. 6372:Baháʼí Studies Review 6275:Smith, Peter (2008). 6031:Smith, Peter (2004). 5621:"August og Anna Ruud" 5553:Baháʼí Studies Review 5450:"Religion in Finland" 4594:Smith, Peter (2000). 3881:Baháʼí Studies Review 3771:Smith, Peter (2000). 3744:Francis, N. Richard. 3375:Baháʼí Studies Review 3321:Baháʼí Administration 2331: 2252:Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí 2084:Baháʼí Faith in Spain 1980:Baháʼí Faith in Italy 1678:, the founder of the 1269: 1090: 1023:. It was held in the 1021:Baháʼí World Congress 969: 941:to a limited degree. 935:Dorothy Beecher Baker 875:Dr. Hermann Grossmann 822: 538:Letters of the Living 324:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 289:Letters of the Living 21: 6861:. pp. 532–545. 6531:LookLex Encyclopedia 6411:Ahmadi, Dr. (2003). 6256:(11 November 2008). 5111:Ahmadi, Dr. (2003). 4549:on 15 February 2012. 4250:on 13 February 2009. 3214:"The Chosen Highway" 3064:"The Bahai Movement" 2992:Encyclopædia Iranica 2953:, pp. 19, 43–46 2813:Promised Day is Come 2737:(30 November 1992). 2443:Irreligion in Europe 2349:Algemeen Handelsblad 2213:policy of oppression 1915:had been elected in 1738:policy of oppression 1580:execution of the Báb 1535:were established in 1393:Walerian Jablonowski 1349:German reunification 759:Wellesley Tudor Pole 740:execution of the Báb 738:who had ordered the 635:Cambridge University 580:parliamentary system 509:Earliest connections 213:Spiritual Assemblies 198:Administrative Order 7207:States with limited 6857:. Oxfordshire, UK: 6851:Stockman, Robert H. 6603:Cannuyer, Christian 6454:(2). Archived from 6034:Baháʼís in the West 5803:"Report form Italy" 5671:on 9 September 2009 5627:on 9 September 2009 5574:. Statistics Norway 5381:on 8 September 2009 5371:"Johanna Schubarth" 5308:on 9 September 2009 5267:Baháʼís in the West 5220:on 19 February 2012 4505:"History in Poland" 4485:on 11 February 2015 4427:Baháʼís in the West 4366:Baháʼís in the West 4163:(8 February 2009). 4115:on 17 February 2009 4085:on 17 February 2009 3958:(5 November 2000). 3856:. Bahai-library.com 3752:on 28 February 2008 3683:Marks, Geoffry W.; 3629:Baháʼí World Centre 3594:Baháʼís in the West 3577:6 July 2011 at the 3487:Baháʼí World Centre 3455:on 29 October 2013. 3389:"May Ellis Maxwell" 2932:on 26 February 2008 2470:on 26 February 2008 2145:Southeastern Europe 1746:Ukrainian diasporas 1432:in Iran and Egypt. 1413:Revolutions of 1989 6106:(5 October 1996). 6104:Mitchell, Glenford 6059:Hands of the Cause 5933:Hands of the Cause 5647:Hands of the Cause 5511:Francis, Richard. 5500:. 9 December 2007. 5424:Laura Maria Raitis 5407:Hands of the Cause 5196:Hands of the Cause 4974:on 6 December 2008 4903:on 1 February 2011 4801:on 2 February 2009 4773:Hands of the Cause 4723:on 24 January 2009 4656:Hands of the Cause 4515:on 24 January 2009 4332:on 4 February 2016 4206:on 23 January 2016 4006:on 4 February 2010 3826:. Demokratizatsiya 3350:Hands of the Cause 3040:on 7 November 2011 2894:'Bab et les Babis' 2884:'Bab et les Babis' 2874:'Bab et les Babis' 2864:'Bab et les Babis' 2433:Buddhism in Europe 2428:Hinduism in Europe 2413:Religion in Europe 2337: 1491:. You can help by 1347:for Europe. After 1093: 1071:ʻAlí-Akbar Furútan 950:ʻAlí-Akbar Furútan 814:Mirza Ahmad Sohrab 593:Arthur de Gobineau 517:which occurred in 269:Hands of the Cause 129:Nineteen Day Feast 28: 7292: 7291: 6903:978-90-04-14373-9 6876:978-1-138-36772-2 6815:978-90-429-1109-3 6723:on 6 January 2009 6639:Jouvion, Philippe 6458:on 7 January 2009 6315:978-1-85065-570-1 6288:978-0-521-86251-6 6044:978-1-890688-11-0 5665:"English Summary" 4967:978-0-85398-215-9 4685:Hassall, Graham. 4635:(11 March 1936). 4596:"Zamenhof, Lidia" 4437:978-1-890688-11-0 4141:on 23 August 2010 3516:(11 March 1936). 3163:978-0-85398-129-9 3136:978-0-933770-27-0 2898:Journal asiatique 2888:Journal asiatique 2878:Journal asiatique 2868:Journal asiatique 2720:978-90-04-14373-9 2438:Judaism in Europe 2270:, and ultimately 2094:Baháʼí literature 2044:Baháʼí literature 1940:Baháʼí literature 1909:Baháʼí literature 1636:the first Baháʼí 1598:the first Baháʼí 1509: 1508: 1281:Otto von Habsburg 1029:Hand of the Cause 1025:Royal Albert Hall 994:Hand of the Cause 992:, began in 1952. 954:Hand of the Cause 932:Hand of the Cause 918:Starting in 1946 772:on 12 June 1913. 705:Hippolyte Dreyfus 658:Early development 610:Journal asiatique 463: 462: 336:Shrine of the Báb 109:Unity of religion 104:Unity of humanity 7312: 7245:Dependencies and 6949:Sovereign states 6935: 6928: 6921: 6912: 6907: 6888: 6838: 6819: 6798: 6767: 6766: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6719:. Archived from 6712: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6682: 6671: 6670:, pp. 65–69 6665: 6659: 6658: 6635:Gouvion, Colette 6631: 6625: 6624: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6569:Larousse, Pierre 6565: 6559: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6391: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6011:Correio da Manhã 6002: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5753:on 12 April 2020 5739: 5733: 5732: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5456:on 20 March 2005 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5416: 5410: 5400: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5366: 5357: 5356: 5333: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5293: 5282: 5281: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5108: 5097: 5096: 5084: 5075: 5074: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5010: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4970:. Archived from 4951: 4945: 4944: 4939:, archived from 4928: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4682: 4659: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4629: 4618: 4617: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4569:Official website 4560: 4551: 4550: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4481:. Archived from 4470: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4236: 4230: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4192: 4173: 4172: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4000:"Baháʼí-projekt" 3996: 3990: 3989: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3825: 3813: 3807: 3806:26 November 2003 3801: 3795: 3794: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3748:. Archived from 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3654: 3643: 3642: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3588: 3582: 3569: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3510: 3501: 3500: 3479:The Baháʼí World 3470: 3457: 3456: 3439: 3424: 3423: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3366: 3353: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3324: 3311: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3266: 3255: 3254: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3166:. Archived from 3147: 3141: 3140: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3030:Star of the West 3021: 3015: 3009: 2996: 2995: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2928:. Archived from 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2704: 2698: 2697:, pp. 18–20 2692: 2683: 2682: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2621:Persian Heritage 2618: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2582: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2538: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2499: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2466:. Archived from 2459: 2392:George Townshend 1956:Andorra-la-Vella 1690:built the first 1504: 1501: 1483: 1476: 1106:Baháʼí teachings 1083:Modern community 999:represented the 976:House of Worship 887: 866:Heinrich Himmler 818:Star of the West 721: 631:Edward G. Browne 605:Bab et les Babis 455: 448: 441: 425: 319:House of Worship 203:The Guardianship 162:The Hidden Words 53: 30: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7246: 7240: 7226:Northern Cyprus 7208: 7202: 7123:North Macedonia 6944: 6939: 6904: 6891: 6877: 6848: 6845: 6843:Further reading 6835: 6822: 6816: 6801: 6795: 6779: 6776: 6771: 6770: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6714: 6713: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6684: 6683: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6655: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6621: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6510: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6461: 6459: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6389: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6337:Effendi, Shoghi 6335: 6334: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6289: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6132: 6131: 6127: 6117: 6115: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6087: 6085: 6082:Lights of Irfan 6075: 6074: 6070: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6045: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6004: 6003: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5783:on 8 March 2012 5771: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5592: 5591: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5549: 5542: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5459: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5430:on 12 June 2008 5418: 5417: 5413: 5401: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5335: 5334: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5295: 5294: 5285: 5278: 5263: 5262: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5170:Operation World 5164: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5110: 5109: 5100: 5086: 5085: 5078: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5008: 5006: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4968: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4930: 4929: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4877:(13 May 2007). 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4820:Ahmadi (2003). 4819: 4818: 4814: 4804: 4802: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4684: 4683: 4662: 4650: 4646: 4633:Effendi, Shoghi 4631: 4630: 4621: 4614: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4575:on 8 April 2008 4562: 4561: 4554: 4536: 4535: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4457: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4194: 4193: 4176: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4028:(31 May 2005). 4024: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3980:(4 June 2002). 3976: 3975: 3971: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3936:on 25 July 2008 3928: 3927: 3923: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3848:Momen, Moojan. 3847: 3846: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3817:Dunlop, John B. 3815: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3658:Walbridge, John 3656: 3655: 3646: 3639: 3620: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3579:Wayback Machine 3570: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3535: 3534: 3527: 3514:Effendi, Shoghi 3512: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3472: 3471: 3460: 3441: 3440: 3427: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3368: 3367: 3356: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3315:Effendi, Shoghi 3313: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3268: 3267: 3258: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3170:on 6 March 2012 3164: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3010: 2999: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2968:by Moojan Momen 2964: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2808:Effendi, Shoghi 2806: 2805: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2686: 2680: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2585:Momen, Moojan. 2584: 2583: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2553:on 15 July 2010 2540: 2539: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2513:on 26 June 2008 2501: 2500: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2423:Islam in Europe 2404: 2384: 2378: 2326: 2320: 2318:The Netherlands 2300: 2294: 2289: 2236: 2230: 2209: 2203: 2175: 2169: 2152: 2147: 2139: 2086: 2080: 2054:was elected in 2040: 2034: 1982: 1976: 1936: 1930: 1925: 1923:Southern Europe 1897: 1891: 1859: 1853: 1829: 1823: 1787: 1781: 1769:Baháʼí pioneers 1765: 1759: 1754: 1752:Northern Europe 1734: 1728: 1652: 1646: 1618: 1612: 1604:Operation World 1568: 1562: 1529: 1523: 1518: 1505: 1499: 1496: 1489:needs expansion 1474: 1444: 1438: 1389: 1383: 1363: 1357: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1290:Márta Sebestyén 1215:Sanjeev Bhaskar 1190: 1184: 1085: 1052: 1027:and chaired by 1017: 1005:Ruhiyyih Khanum 978: 916: 877: 778: 744:Juliet Thompson 707: 671: 665: 660: 647:Sarah Bernhardt 572:specific letter 511: 473:, travelled to 459: 414: 413: 374: 366: 365: 314: 306: 305: 259: 251: 250: 226: 218: 217: 188: 180: 179: 142: 134: 133: 89: 81: 80: 61: 60:Central figures 26:in Paris, 1913. 12: 11: 5: 7318: 7316: 7308: 7307: 7297: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7247:other entities 7242: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7212: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7198:United Kingdom 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7011:Czech Republic 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6902: 6889: 6875: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6833: 6820: 6814: 6799: 6793: 6775: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6746: 6734: 6704: 6672: 6660: 6653: 6626: 6619: 6611:Fils d'Abraham 6594: 6560: 6548: 6518: 6492: 6469: 6434: 6423:on 17 May 2008 6403: 6377: 6358: 6351: 6328: 6314: 6294: 6287: 6267: 6245: 6215: 6197: 6179: 6161: 6143: 6125: 6095: 6068: 6065:. p. 109. 6050: 6043: 6023: 5994: 5968: 5942: 5924: 5898: 5872: 5846: 5820: 5794: 5764: 5734: 5708: 5682: 5656: 5653:. p. 116. 5638: 5612: 5605: 5585: 5558: 5540: 5525: 5503: 5485: 5467: 5441: 5411: 5405:, Compiled by 5392: 5358: 5351: 5319: 5283: 5276: 5253: 5231: 5205: 5187: 5157: 5134: 5123:on 17 May 2008 5098: 5076: 5057: 5034: 5016: 4985: 4966: 4946: 4943:on 24 May 2011 4914: 4888: 4866: 4843: 4832:on 17 May 2008 4812: 4782: 4764: 4757: 4734: 4704: 4691:Research notes 4660: 4654:, Compiled by 4644: 4619: 4612: 4586: 4552: 4526: 4496: 4465: 4443: 4436: 4412: 4382: 4375: 4355: 4343: 4317: 4305: 4279: 4253: 4231: 4217: 4174: 4152: 4126: 4096: 4066: 4055:on 23 May 2016 4039: 4017: 3991: 3969: 3947: 3921: 3890: 3867: 3837: 3808: 3796: 3789: 3763: 3736: 3725:on 4 July 2008 3706: 3699: 3675: 3660:(March 2002). 3644: 3637: 3610: 3603: 3583: 3559: 3538:"Turkmenistan" 3525: 3502: 3495: 3458: 3443:Kolarz, Walter 3425: 3406: 3380: 3354: 3348:, Compiled by 3338: 3331: 3303: 3291: 3284: 3256: 3239: 3227: 3204: 3181: 3162: 3142: 3135: 3111: 3085: 3051: 3016: 2997: 2982: 2970: 2955: 2943: 2916: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2891: 2881: 2871: 2853: 2847: 2829: 2822: 2799: 2777: 2755: 2726: 2719: 2699: 2684: 2678: 2657: 2651: 2630: 2604: 2564: 2524: 2481: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2396:John Esslemont 2380:Main article: 2377: 2376:United Kingdom 2374: 2322:Main article: 2319: 2316: 2296:Main article: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2287:Western Europe 2285: 2232:Main article: 2229: 2226: 2217:Russian Empire 2205:Main article: 2202: 2199: 2171:Main article: 2168: 2165: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2135: 2082:Main article: 2079: 2076: 2036:Main article: 2033: 2030: 1978:Main article: 1975: 1972: 1932:Main article: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1893:Main article: 1890: 1887: 1855:Main article: 1852: 1849: 1833:Amelia Collins 1825:Main article: 1822: 1819: 1795:Russian Empire 1783:Main article: 1780: 1777: 1761:Main article: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1730:Main article: 1727: 1724: 1684:Russian Empire 1660:Russian Empire 1648:Main article: 1645: 1642: 1614:Main article: 1611: 1608: 1564:Main article: 1561: 1558: 1525:Main article: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1516:Eastern Europe 1514: 1507: 1506: 1500:September 2016 1486: 1484: 1473: 1470: 1456:Czechoslovakia 1440:Main article: 1437: 1434: 1401:Lidia Zamenhof 1385:Main article: 1382: 1379: 1359:Main article: 1356: 1353: 1313:Main article: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1304:Central Europe 1302: 1300: 1297: 1211:Morwenna Banks 1186:Main article: 1183: 1180: 1162:Ali Nakhjavani 1158:Baháʼí schools 1134:Eastern Europe 1084: 1081: 1051: 1048: 1016: 1013: 997:Amelia Collins 977: 974: 920:Shoghi Effendi 915: 912: 834:Shoghi Effendi 777: 774: 748:Akbar Mass'oud 667:Main article: 664: 661: 659: 656: 651:Catulle Mendès 576:Queen Victoria 510: 507: 499:European Union 461: 460: 458: 457: 450: 443: 435: 432: 431: 430: 429: 416: 415: 412: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 375: 372: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 332: 331: 321: 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 302: 301: 296: 291: 281: 276: 271: 266: 264:Shoghi Effendi 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 249: 248: 243: 238: 233: 231:Baháʼí history 227: 224: 223: 220: 219: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 178: 177: 172: 165: 158: 151: 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 132: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 90: 87: 86: 83: 82: 79: 78: 73: 68: 62: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 39: 38: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7317: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7259:Faroe Islands 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231:South Ossetia 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7083:Liechtenstein 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6924: 6922: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6905: 6899: 6895: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6834:90-435-0028-3 6830: 6826: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6800: 6796: 6794:0-85398-043-8 6790: 6786: 6782: 6781:Balyuzi, H.M. 6778: 6777: 6773: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6747: 6744:, pp. 61 6743: 6738: 6735: 6722: 6718: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6692: 6688: 6687:"Netherlands" 6681: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6668:de Vries 2002 6664: 6661: 6656: 6654:1-85168-052-7 6650: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6627: 6622: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6607:"Les Baháʼís" 6604: 6598: 6595: 6583:. p. 647 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6552: 6549: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6480: 6473: 6470: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6435: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6404: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6378: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6359: 6354: 6352:0-87743-020-9 6348: 6344: 6343: 6342:God Passes By 6338: 6332: 6329: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6298: 6295: 6290: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6271: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6188:"News Briefs" 6183: 6180: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6126: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6046: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6027: 6024: 6012: 6008: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5969: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5782: 5778: 5777:Wolfram Alpha 5774: 5768: 5765: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5709: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5639: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5608: 5606:1-890688-45-2 5602: 5598: 5597: 5589: 5586: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5559: 5554: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5529: 5526: 5514: 5507: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5468: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5352:0-87743-233-3 5348: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5277:1-890688-11-8 5273: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5202:. p. 84. 5201: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5145: 5138: 5135: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5058: 5045: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5017: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4989: 4986: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4915: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4854: 4847: 4844: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4813: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4791:"Who are we?" 4786: 4783: 4779:. p. 78. 4778: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4760: 4758:0-87743-233-3 4754: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4648: 4645: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4613:1-85168-184-1 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4587: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4466: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4416: 4413: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4376:1-890688-11-8 4372: 4368: 4367: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4344: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4306: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105:"Sweden 2009" 4100: 4097: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4075:"Sweden 2005" 4070: 4067: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3868: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3797: 3792: 3790:1-85168-184-1 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3764: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3737: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3702: 3700:0-87743-239-2 3696: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3638:0-85398-350-X 3634: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3604:1-890688-11-8 3600: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3548:on 9 May 2008 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3496:0-85398-234-1 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475:"In Memoriam" 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3407: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3339: 3334: 3332:0-87743-166-3 3328: 3323: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3285:0-87743-233-3 3281: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3243: 3240: 3237:, p. 343 3236: 3231: 3228: 3215: 3208: 3205: 3192: 3185: 3182: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3115: 3112: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951:de Vries 2002 2947: 2944: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2914:, pp. 24 2913: 2912:de Vries 2002 2908: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2848:0-85398-102-7 2844: 2840: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2823:0-87743-244-9 2819: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2788: 2781: 2778: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2722: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2695:de Vries 2002 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2679:0-85398-328-3 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666:Balyuzi, H.M. 2661: 2658: 2654: 2652:0-85398-048-9 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639:Balyuzi, H.M. 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2608: 2605: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2455: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2341:Bábí movement 2335: 2330: 2325: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2208: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115:Baháʼí school 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:Bábí religion 2085: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1968:Wolfram Alpha 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1828: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1786: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1672:Bábí religion 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1503: 1494: 1490: 1487:This section 1485: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1316: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223:Russell Brand 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1203:David Baddiel 1200: 1196: 1189: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1089: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 995: 991: 987: 983: 975: 972: 968: 966: 965:Walter Kolarz 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 933: 929: 925: 921: 913: 911: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 885: 881: 876: 872: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 850:British Isles 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 825: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 794:United States 791: 787: 783: 773: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 719: 715: 711: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 690:Great Britain 687: 682: 680: 676: 670: 657: 655: 652: 648: 644: 638: 636: 632: 627: 624: 620: 614: 612: 611: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 584:ended slavery 581: 577: 573: 568: 566: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 522: 521: 516: 508: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:Great Britain 476: 472: 468: 456: 451: 449: 444: 442: 437: 436: 434: 433: 428: 424: 420: 419: 418: 417: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 370: 369: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 310: 309: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 285: 282: 280: 279:Other Baháʼís 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 261: 255: 254: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 222: 221: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 184: 183: 176: 173: 171: 170: 166: 164: 163: 159: 157: 156: 152: 150: 149: 148:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 145: 144: 141:Key scripture 138: 137: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 91: 85: 84: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 56: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 36: 32: 31: 25: 20: 16: 7236:Transnistria 6941: 6893: 6854: 6824: 6804: 6784: 6762: 6758: 6749: 6737: 6725:. Retrieved 6721:the original 6695:. Retrieved 6690: 6663: 6643: 6629: 6610: 6597: 6585:. Retrieved 6580: 6573:Augé, Claude 6563: 6551: 6539:. Retrieved 6530: 6521: 6509:. Retrieved 6495: 6483:. Retrieved 6472: 6460:. Retrieved 6456:the original 6451: 6447: 6437: 6425:. Retrieved 6421:the original 6416: 6406: 6397: 6393: 6380: 6371: 6361: 6341: 6331: 6319:. Retrieved 6304: 6297: 6277: 6270: 6261: 6248: 6236:. Retrieved 6227: 6218: 6209: 6200: 6191: 6182: 6173: 6164: 6155: 6146: 6137: 6128: 6116:. Retrieved 6111: 6098: 6086:. Retrieved 6081: 6071: 6053: 6033: 6026: 6014:. Retrieved 6010: 5985:. Retrieved 5980: 5971: 5954: 5945: 5927: 5910: 5901: 5884: 5875: 5858: 5849: 5832: 5823: 5806: 5797: 5785:. Retrieved 5781:the original 5776: 5767: 5755:. Retrieved 5751:the original 5746: 5737: 5720: 5711: 5699:. Retrieved 5694: 5685: 5673:. Retrieved 5669:the original 5659: 5641: 5629:. Retrieved 5625:the original 5615: 5595: 5588: 5576:. Retrieved 5571: 5561: 5552: 5534: 5528: 5516:. 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Retrieved 3392: 3383: 3374: 3341: 3320: 3298: 3294: 3274: 3270:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 3249: 3242: 3235:Balyuzi 2001 3230: 3218:. Retrieved 3207: 3195:. Retrieved 3184: 3172:. Retrieved 3168:the original 3152: 3145: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3102:. Retrieved 3097: 3088: 3076:. Retrieved 3071: 3060:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 3054: 3042:. Retrieved 3038:the original 3033: 3029: 3019: 3012:Balyuzi 2001 2991: 2985: 2973: 2946: 2934:. Retrieved 2930:the original 2919: 2907: 2897: 2887: 2877: 2867: 2856: 2838: 2832: 2812: 2802: 2790:. Retrieved 2780: 2768:. Retrieved 2763:Cole, Juan. 2758: 2746:. Retrieved 2729: 2709: 2702: 2669: 2660: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2620: 2607: 2595:. Retrieved 2590: 2555:. Retrieved 2551:the original 2546: 2515:. Retrieved 2511:the original 2506: 2472:. Retrieved 2468:the original 2457: 2385: 2345:Baháʼí Faith 2338: 2308:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2301: 2244:Baháʼí Faith 2237: 2221:Baháʼí Faith 2210: 2183:Baháʼí Faith 2179:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2176: 2153: 2140: 2137:Vatican City 2125:(relying on 2119:Spanish Roma 2098:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2087: 2070:(relying on 2064:Baháʼí Faith 2048:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2041: 1998:Ugo Giachery 1990:World War II 1986:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1983: 1962:(relying on 1944:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1937: 1901:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1898: 1871:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1863:Baháʼí Faith 1860: 1837:Baháʼí Faith 1830: 1807:Scandinavian 1799:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1791:Baháʼí Faith 1788: 1766: 1742:Baháʼí Faith 1735: 1718:(relying on 1700:Soviet Union 1680:Baháʼí Faith 1653: 1632:. Following 1619: 1594:. Following 1572:Baháʼí Faith 1569: 1530: 1510: 1497: 1493:adding to it 1488: 1448:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1445: 1390: 1367:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1364: 1341:East Germany 1329:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1318: 1277:Bill Rammell 1274: 1270: 1262: 1251:Alexei Sayle 1239:Omid Djalili 1191: 1169: 1166: 1155: 1094: 1064: 1053: 1032:Enoch Olinga 1018: 979: 970: 962: 943: 939:Eastern Bloc 917: 854:World War II 827: 823: 786:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 782:Baháʼí Faith 779: 763: 752: 702: 683: 675:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 672: 639: 628: 615: 608: 604: 596: 569: 561: 542: 540:of the Báb. 518: 512: 471:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 467:Baháʼí Faith 464: 373:Other topics 346:World Centre 294:Mullá Husayn 187:Institutions 167: 160: 155:Kitáb-i-Íqán 153: 146: 99:Unity of God 76:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 43:Baháʼí Faith 24:Eiffel Tower 15: 7274:Isle of Man 7209:recognition 7183:Switzerland 7118:Netherlands 6759:One Country 6727:25 December 6697:25 December 6541:15 December 6511:15 December 6485:15 December 6210:Baháʼí News 6192:Baháʼí News 6174:Baháʼí News 6156:Baháʼí News 6138:Baháʼí News 5955:Baháʼí News 5911:Baháʼí News 5885:Baháʼí News 5859:Baháʼí News 5833:Baháʼí News 5807:Baháʼí News 5721:Baháʼí News 5555:(8): 35–44. 5460:21 December 5434:21 December 5224:22 December 5093:Women Plus… 5050:22 December 4489:16 February 4458:15 February 4336:16 February 4298:28 February 4244:Iranian.com 3756:18 February 3489:: 797–800. 3393:Biographies 3068:Spiller, G. 2936:18 February 2792:18 February 2770:18 February 2627:(35): 27–29 2557:18 February 2474:18 February 2283:in Turkey. 2256:Baháʼu'lláh 2246:, to reach 2156:Refo Çapari 2014:Baháʼu'lláh 1867:Scandinavia 1712:Perestroyka 1676:Baháʼu'lláh 1634:Perestroika 1596:Perestroika 1553:perestroyka 1537:Nakhichevan 1472:Switzerland 1405:Warsaw Pact 1397:Paris Talks 1286:Kinga Göncz 1259:Mark Thomas 1207:Bill Bailey 1195:Iranian.com 1151:Otto Schily 1065:Before the 1060:Perestroyka 895:Bukharinist 878: [ 858:May Maxwell 830:World War I 810:Spanish flu 806:World War I 755:City Temple 708: [ 686:Lake Geneva 623:Imám-Jum'ih 409:Orthography 246:Persecution 175:Other Texts 66:Baháʼu'lláh 7153:San Marino 7113:Montenegro 7093:Luxembourg 7073:Kazakhstan 6976:Azerbaijan 6620:2503823475 6587:8 December 6462:2 February 6238:24 January 6118:23 January 6088:23 January 5987:3 February 5578:4 December 5480:OneCountry 5030:Caucaz.com 4978:2 February 4937:Caucaz.com 4907:19 January 4859:19 January 4805:19 January 4145:17 October 3860:16 October 3715:"Historie" 3220:8 November 3174:2 February 2748:10 October 2449:References 2343:which the 1622:Bábí faith 1521:Azerbaijan 1465:Bratislava 1299:By country 1255:Meera Syal 1231:Jimmy Carr 1227:Rob Brydon 986:Langenhain 891:Trotskyite 860:, wife of 649:entreated 487:Langenhain 404:Statistics 399:Prophecies 351:Pilgrimage 341:Síyáh-Chál 7264:Gibraltar 7088:Lithuania 6896:. 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