Knowledge (XXG)

Baháʼí laws

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1118:: Theft is punishable by either imprisonment or exile; on the third offence, however, a mark should be placed upon the thief's brow so it is easy to identify the person and disallow him in the "cities of God". The purpose of the mark on the forehead serves in warning other people of the thief's proclivities. The details of the nature of the mark (how the mark is to be applied, how long it has to be worn, and under what conditions it may be removed) and the circumstances that are to be taken into account in deciding which sentence is to be applied have been left to the Universal House of Justice; the Universal House of Justice has stated that the law is intended for a future condition of society, at which time they will be supplemented and applied by the Universal House of Justice. 1094:. If the death penalty is applied, the convicted person is killed by burning. The details of the law such as the degree of the offence and the circumstances are to be taken into account to decide which of the two sentences is to be selected has been left to the Universal House of Justice. The Universal House of Justice has stated that the law is intended for a future condition of society, at which time they will be supplemented and applied by the Universal House of Justice; the Universal House of Justice has written "In relation to arson, this depends on what 'house' is burned. There is obviously a tremendous difference in the degree of offence between the person who burns down an empty warehouse and one who sets fire to a school full of children." 568:, have also been applied gradually in countries where they go against social norms, particularly in the early years of the establishment of the Baháʼí Faith in those areas. Shoghi Effendi stated that certain other laws, such as those pertaining to punishment for capital crimes, that are dependent upon the existence of a predominantly Baháʼí society would only be applicable in the future. Furthermore, some laws and teachings are not intended to be applied at the present time and their application depends on future decisions by the Universal House of Justice. 585:
gradually apply laws on a personal basis. Baháʼís are expected to follow the laws not because they will be punished for breaking them, but instead because they love Baháʼu'lláh and that they fear God. The teachings of the Baháʼí Faith state that individuals are answerable to God. The observance of personal laws, such as prayer or fasting, is the sole responsibility of the individual, but some laws may be enforced to a degree by Baháʼí institutions, by the loss of Baháʼí administrative rights, if they bring the Baháʼí community into public disrepute.
547:, the international governing body of the Baháʼís. The writings of Baháʼu'lláh, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, and Shoghi Effendi are considered fundamental and unchangeable, while the application of some of them depends on decisions by the Universal House of Justice. Legislation by the Universal House of Justice is seen as subsidiary and is subject to alteration and/or repeal by the Universal House of Justice to account for changing circumstances. The laws written by the Báb are not applicable, except when Baháʼu'lláh specifically reiterated them. 477:. Baháʼí law is presented as a set of general principles and guidelines and individuals must apply them as they best seem fit. While some of the social laws are enforced by Baháʼí institutions, the emphasis is placed on individuals following the laws based on their conscience, understanding and reasoning, and Baháʼís are expected to follow the laws for the love of Baháʼu'lláh. The laws are seen as the method of the maintenance of order and security in the world. 1108:. The details of the law such as the degree of the offence and the circumstances that are to be taken into account to decide which of the two sentences are to be selected has been left to the Universal House of Justice; the Universal House of Justice has stated that the law is intended for a future condition of society, at which time they will be supplemented and applied by the Universal House of Justice. In the case of 581:
teachings do not include details on many aspects of life, and the successive heads of the religion have been reluctant to prescribe specific and detailed codes of Baháʼí behaviour; for example the heads of the religion have stated that details of Baháʼí behaviour, such as how to dress, are a matter of individual choice and not Baháʼí law. This is in contrast to the provisions of Islamic law.
845:, the "Right of God", is a law which requires Baháʼís to pay 19% of their surplus net-worth (i.e. those things that they do not need to live comfortably), after the discharge of all debts. The sum is calculated annually; however, it is paid only if the annual net worth amount increases - if their net worth stays the same or decreases the amount of Huqúqu'lláh is zero. 2193: 40: 412: 625:; the requirement for each person to practice a profession; the necessity of educating of children; and the law of strict obedience to one's governments. Baháʼu'lláh's book of laws also includes general principles and exhortations to work with people of all religions with amity, and warns his followers to guard against such things as 714:
The requirements of Baháʼí marriage include that the partners be over the age of 15, and is dependent on the consent of the couple and all their living biological parents, so to strengthen the ties between the families. According to the Baháʼí teachings, sexuality is a normal part of married life and
848:
Payment is an individual spiritual obligation, and is seen as a spiritual bounty to bring the individual closer to God. No Baháʼí can be solicited for it, and the contribution is confidential and a personal matter. The money collected is used by the Universal House of Justice for such things as the
647:
The act of prayer is one of the most important Baháʼí laws for individual discipline and Baháʼí are enjoined to pray daily. Prayer in the Baháʼí Faith consists of two distinct types, obligatory prayer and devotional (general) prayer. The purpose of prayer in the Baháʼí Faith is to get closer to God
746:
to their children, and children have a duty to obey their parents, which is seen as obeying God. Shoghi Effendi stated that preserving family unity is of utmost importance, and Baháʼís are counselled to balance their desire to serve the religion with their responsibilities as parents, spouses and
584:
The practice of Baháʼí law is firmly placed on individual conscience, understanding and reasoning. The Baháʼí laws are not considered as binding to anyone until they become a Baháʼí, and becoming a Baháʼí is not conditional on a person's level of adherence to the laws; an individual is expected to
559:
Baháʼu'lláh stated that the observance of the laws that he prescribed should be subject to "tact and wisdom", and that they should not cause "disturbance and dissension." Baháʼu'lláh thus provided for the progressive application of his laws. For example, certain Baháʼí laws are only applicable to
670:
as well as to meditate and study sacred scripture. In contrast with the fixed form prescribed for obligatory prayers, there is no set form for devotions and meditations, though the devotional prayers written by the central figures of the Baháʼí Faith and collected in prayer books are held in high
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in a town, they must try to find the owner and wait one year before taking possession. If the property is of significantly small value, they must wait one day. If the property is found in an uninhabited area, they must wait three days. This law is designed for a future state of society and these
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and provides for distribution of the deceased's estate among seven categories of heirs.: children, spouse, father, mother, brothers, sisters, and teachers, with higher categories obtaining a larger share. In cases where some of the categories of heirs do not exist, the share falls partly to the
791:
are prohibited and viewed as particularly damaging to the individual and their relationships. Backbiting, speaking of the faults of others in their absence, is described as the greatest sin and the most hated human characteristic. This practice is seen as having a deeply negative effect on the
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During the period of fasting, from March 2 through March 20, Baháʼís in good health between the ages of 15 and 70 abstain from eating and drinking. Exemptions are available for people who are travelling, ill, pregnant, nursing, menstruating, or engaged in heavy labour. Fasting is an individual
580:
the laws are not seen as a constricting code, or a ritual, but are described as the "choice wine", and a means to happiness. The laws are generally presented as a set of general principles and guidelines which each individual Baháʼí must apply to their own lives as they see fit. Baháʼí law and
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it is forbidden to carry the body more than one hour's journey from municipal boundary of the place of death. The body should be wrapped in a shroud of silk or cotton and placed in a coffin made of polished stone, crystal or hard wood. A specific prayer must be read before
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Baháʼu'lláh stated that the ordinances of his book of laws were the best method for the maintenance of world order and security, that Baháʼís should obey the laws with "joy and gladness", and that true liberty could be obtained through obedience to God's laws.
956:, one third of the treasure is the right of the discoverer, and the other two thirds is the right of the House of Justice. This law is designed for a future state of society and these matters are currently covered by the civil law of each country. 711:, but it is not obligatory. Marriage is emphasized as an assistance to one's self, as well as for the benefit of society; it is seen as both a physical relationship and a spiritual relationship that would continue in all the worlds of God. 512:
Baháʼu'lláh, in both his initial role as Bábí leader, and then as the founder of his own religious system, condemned the antinomian tendencies of the community. At the request of his followers, he eventually wrote a book of laws, the
856:. However, contributions are strictly confidential, including whether or not a believer makes one, and is up to individual discretion. Donations are never solicited, and contributions are not accepted from non-Baháʼí sources. 817:
is particularly condemned in the Baháʼí scriptures. Baháʼís are also asked to try to avoid working in jobs that involve the manufacturing or large-scale sale of alcohol and to avoid any involvement in the drug trade. Smoking
796:"On no subject are the Baháʼí teachings more emphatic than on the necessity to abstain from fault-finding and backbiting while being ever eager to discover and root out our own faults and overcome our own failings. ..." 759:, Baháʼu'lláh wrote that all Baháʼís must write a will where they have complete freedom in determining how to dispose of their property. Baháʼu'lláh, however, did create a schedule of inheritance in case of 776:. The distribution among heirs is uneven: children receive nine parts; the spouse receives eight; the father, seven; the mother, six; the brothers, five; the sisters, four; and the teachers, three. 2484: 367: 689:. Along with obligatory prayer, it is one of the greatest obligations of a Baháʼí, and its chief purpose is spiritual; to reinvigorate the soul and bring the person closer to God. 809:
or to take drugs, except by a doctor's order, because God has given human beings reason which is taken away by intoxicants that lead the mind astray. The non-medicinal use of
981:
Believing personal interpretations of the Baháʼí writings as authoritative (ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi were the only approved interpreters of Baháʼu'lláh's writings).
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Baháʼís (such as the limit to the period of engagement), although any Baháʼí may practice such laws if they so decide. Other Baháʼí laws, such as the prohibition to drink
441: 715:
is intended to enhance the relationship. However, sexual relationships are permitted only between a man and woman who are married. This precludes marriages that are
2226: 2221: 97: 92: 597:
elucidates a number of religious and civil laws that pertain to both individual behavior and the functioning of society. These include the recitation of a daily
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of animals is allowed provided that the name of God is invoked before hunting. If the game is found dead in a net or trap its consumption is not allowed.
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in 1873. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi, the authoritative interpreters of the Baháʼí writings, later saw this as a prohibition of slavery itself.
2489: 372: 2080: 2014: 434: 2337: 2202: 219: 2378: 2306: 2236: 1076:; the penalty for adultery is left to the Universal House of Justice. If the offense (adultery) should be repeated the fine is doubled. 667: 638: 262: 181: 107: 2546: 1953: 735:
is permitted, although discouraged, and is granted after a year of separation if the couple is unable to reconcile their differences.
652: 642: 598: 2049: 1993: 1972: 1924: 1905: 1884: 1858: 1837: 1072:
and sexual intercourse between unmarried couples: Sexual intercourse between unmarried couples is punishable by a fine paid to the
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each day, using fixed words and form prescribed by Baháʼu'lláh. Obligatory prayer is performed individually while facing the
2526: 2311: 415: 186: 23: 2142: 2453: 334: 2514: 397: 617:; the condemnation of backbiting and idleness; the prohibition against and punishments for capital crimes including 2316: 2024: 663:. Certain exemptions from obligatory prayer are given to those who are ill, in danger, and women in their courses. 544: 535:, but it is supplemented by some supplementary texts written by Baháʼu'lláh, as well as further interpretations by 474: 196: 2504: 2458: 2290: 1128: 884: 876: 872: 685:
The Baháʼí fast is a nineteen-day period of the year, during which Baháʼí are asked adhere to a sunrise-to-sunset
577: 392: 387: 339: 163: 2494: 2211: 1133: 377: 82: 1073: 773: 2383: 2342: 2241: 2135: 899: 702: 267: 224: 112: 1297: 2284: 724: 157: 2499: 2172: 1823: 939: 462: 411: 382: 54: 39: 2393: 1021: 277: 2270: 2182: 2158: 2075:. Cambridge, UK: British Academic Press and Centre of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge. 536: 502: 466: 458: 143: 64: 31: 2443: 728: 324: 842: 660: 2448: 509:; they also marked their new religious identity by deliberately not abiding by Islamic practice." 329: 2373: 2321: 2246: 2116: 2100: 1745: 1737: 1326: 1036: 895: 257: 201: 117: 505:. However, the Báb's laws were not widely practiced by the Bábís, and instead many Bábís became 461:
and are a fundamental part of Baháʼí practice. The laws are based on authenticated texts from
2076: 2045: 2010: 1989: 1968: 1949: 1930: 1920: 1901: 1880: 1854: 1833: 1729: 1105: 1091: 763:, that is, when the individual dies without leaving a will. The system of inheritance in the 680: 666:
In addition to the daily obligatory prayer, Baháʼí scripture directs believers daily to offer
602: 2263: 1721: 1139: 515: 136: 2113:— December 28, 1999, letter from the Universal House of Justice to the Baháʼís of the World 648:
and to Baháʼu'lláh and to help better one's own conduct and to request divine assistance.
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which are regular community gatherings, occurring on the first day of each month of the
2368: 1873: 1868: 953: 806: 565: 540: 470: 252: 2540: 2066: 1749: 1527: 1101: 1087: 960: 605:; laws of inheritance; the abolishment of priests; the prohibition of such things as 465:, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, and also includes subsequent interpretations from 1015: 2468: 2277: 2096: 1109: 1063: 1011: 888: 520: 349: 150: 2039: 1895: 830:
Baháʼu'lláh formally abolished the practice of slave trading among Baháʼís in the
2070: 2004: 1981: 1848: 1710:"An Introduction to Bahā'ī Law: Doctrinal Foundations, Principles and Structures" 742:
to be moral and religious, but not fanatical. Parents are required to provide an
543:, heads of the religion after Baháʼu'lláh's death, as well as legislation by the 989: 561: 2403: 984: 925: 788: 720: 626: 610: 506: 287: 1934: 1733: 1112:, it is necessary to pay a specified indemnity to the family of the deceased. 932: 760: 743: 629:
and pride. He also encourages such things as cleanliness and truthfulness.
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promotion of the religion, the upkeep of properties, and general charity.
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or profession is made obligatory and is exalted to the rank of worship.
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of one's country. Civil law takes priority over Baháʼí religious law.
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spiritual obligation, and cannot be enforced by Baháʼí institutions.
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Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (April 2007).
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Baháʼís are also expected to make financial contributions to Baháʼí
768: 490: 59: 2463: 1115: 1083: 1079: 918: 906: 853: 810: 622: 344: 814: 501:, but this changed when the Báb wrote a Bábí code of law in the 2131: 2127: 964:
matters are currently covered by the civil law of each country.
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Applicability of the Laws and Ordinances of the Kitab-i-Aqdas
1919:. Understanding Faith. Edinburg, UK: Dunedin Academic Press. 902:
and consist of a devotional, administrative, and social part.
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The Baháʼí teachings state that parents need to raise their
1452: 1450: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1915:
Momen, Wendy; Momen, Moojan (2006). Whaling, Frank (ed.).
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Research Department of the Universal House of Justice 2007
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as well as any sexual relationship outside of marriage.
1948:. Baha'i Publications Canada and Palabra Publications. 2111:"Further Application of the Laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas" 2009:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 257. 2044:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 1879:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 1853:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 1832:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 2477: 2414: 2361: 2330: 2299: 2255: 2200: 2165: 1872: 1963:Rouhani Ma'ani, Baharieh; Maʻani Ewing, Sovaida. 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1807: 1762: 1537: 1535: 1361: 1359: 1256: 792:community as well as the individuals involved. 1850:The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion 2143: 1900:. Baháʼí Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India. 1312: 435: 8: 2038:Universal House of Justice (1992). "Notes". 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1437: 1435: 1422: 1420: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1388: 1386: 864:Other laws that have been prescribed in the 16:Laws and ordinances used in the Bahá'í Faith 1897:Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File 1511: 1509: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1159: 1157: 1155: 2150: 2136: 2128: 2123:Related documents on Bahá'í Library Online 1986:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 767:is based on the provisions written by the 442: 428: 18: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1151: 30: 2099:- A Deepening Course published by the 1671: 1659: 1601: 1589: 1481: 837: 485:The Baháʼí Faith had its roots in the 2041:The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book 1829:The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book 1783: 1683: 1625: 1613: 1577: 1565: 1553: 1541: 1515: 1500: 1468: 1456: 1441: 1426: 1411: 1392: 1377: 1365: 1350: 1244: 1227: 1190: 1163: 822:is not forbidden but is discouraged. 531:The main source of Baháʼí law is the 519:, which he completed while he was in 7: 1847:Hatcher, W.S.; Martin, J.D. (1998). 1580:, p. 158. "Feast, nineteen day" 651:Baháʼís must individually recite an 457:are laws and ordinances used in the 2006:An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith 1686:, p. 184–185. "Homosexuality" 497:. Originally Bábís adhered to the 14: 1988:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. 2191: 1459:, p. 197–198. "Inheritance" 410: 38: 1796:Universal House of Justice 1992 1696:Universal House of Justice 1992 1649:Universal House of Justice 2001 838:Huqúqu'lláh and giving to funds 805:Baháʼís are forbidden to drink 707:The Baháʼí teachings recommend 2072:Rituals in Babism and Baha'ism 1945:Huqúqu'lláh - The Right of God 1917:Understanding the Baha'i Faith 1100:: murder is punishable by the 1: 2117:Laws abrogated by Bahá'u'lláh 1967:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 1965:The Laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas 973:Prohibitions included in the 875:to be one of two places: the 1353:, pp. 274–275. "Prayer" 1296:Bausani, A (1989). "Aqdas". 2003:Smith, Peter (2008-04-07). 1894:Hornby, Helen, ed. (1983). 1714:Journal of Law and Religion 1568:, p. 269. "Pilgrimage" 772:children and partly to the 493:in the mid-19th century in 2568: 2317:Universal House of Justice 2025:Universal House of Justice 1471:, p. 64. "Backbiting" 801:Alcohol, drugs and tobacco 700: 678: 639:Prayer in the Baháʼí Faith 636: 545:Universal House of Justice 475:Universal House of Justice 197:Universal House of Justice 2523: 2485:Socioeconomic development 2189: 2097:Six Lessons on Baháʼí Law 1480:Shoghi Effendi quoted in 1313:Hatcher & Martin 1998 643:Obligatory Baháʼí prayers 489:which was started by the 473:, and legislation by the 368:Socioeconomic development 1380:, p. 157. "Fasting" 1074:Local Spiritual Assembly 952:If someone comes upon a 813:and other mind-altering 774:Local Spiritual Assembly 725:Interreligious marriages 697:Marriage and family life 2552:Religious legal systems 2307:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 2285:Some Answered Questions 2107:(2000; revised edition) 1628:, p. 39. "Animals" 182:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 158:Some Answered Questions 2490:Progressive revelation 1708:Schaefer, Udo (2002). 1082:: The punishment for 959:If someone comes upon 924:Being obedient to the 373:Progressive revelation 2432:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 2394:Letters of the Living 1980:Smith, Peter (2000). 1875:Baháʼí Administration 1064:Shaving of one's head 780:Backbiting and gossip 729:interracial marriages 572:Individual conscience 313:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 278:Letters of the Living 2322:Spiritual Assemblies 2312:Administrative Order 1327:"Prayer and worship" 1299:Encyclopædia Iranica 877:House of Baháʼu'lláh 202:Spiritual Assemblies 187:Administrative Order 1230:, pp. 223–225. 727:are permitted, and 589:Laws and ordinances 2374:Hands of the Cause 2247:Nineteen Day Feast 1544:, pp. 163–164 1368:, pp. 161–162 1315:, pp. 156–157 1037:Cruelty to animals 1022:Confession of sins 969:Other prohibitions 938:Repetition of the 896:Nineteen Day Feast 258:Hands of the Cause 118:Nineteen Day Feast 2534: 2533: 2444:Shrine of the Báb 2227:Unity of religion 2222:Unity of humanity 2082:978-1-85043-654-6 2016:978-0-521-86251-6 1325:Walbridge, John. 1129:Baháʼí literature 1106:life imprisonment 1092:life imprisonment 1055:unless essential. 894:The holding of a 731:are encouraged. 681:Nineteen Day Fast 668:devotional prayer 653:obligatory prayer 599:obligatory prayer 578:Baháʼí literature 452: 451: 325:Shrine of the Báb 98:Unity of religion 93:Unity of humanity 2559: 2547:Bahá'í practices 2422:House of Worship 2278:The Hidden Words 2195: 2152: 2145: 2138: 2129: 2086: 2055: 2034: 2020: 1999: 1976: 1959: 1938: 1911: 1890: 1878: 1864: 1843: 1811: 1808:Baháʼu'lláh 1873 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1766: 1763:Baháʼu'lláh 1873 1760: 1754: 1753: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1646: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1530: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1504: 1498: 1485: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1445: 1439: 1430: 1424: 1415: 1409: 1396: 1390: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1354: 1348: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1293: 1260: 1257:Baháʼu'lláh 1873 1254: 1248: 1242: 1231: 1225: 1194: 1188: 1167: 1161: 1134:Baháʼí teachings 1051:The carrying of 1012:kissing of hands 885:House of the Báb 444: 437: 430: 414: 308:House of Worship 192:The Guardianship 151:The Hidden Words 42: 19: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2519: 2473: 2410: 2357: 2326: 2295: 2251: 2196: 2187: 2166:Central figures 2161: 2156: 2119:, a compilation 2093: 2083: 2065: 2062: 2060:Further reading 2052: 2037: 2023: 2017: 2002: 1996: 1979: 1962: 1956: 1941: 1927: 1914: 1908: 1893: 1887: 1869:Effendi, Shoghi 1867: 1861: 1846: 1840: 1822: 1819: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1726:10.2307/1602268 1707: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1658: 1654: 1647: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1572: 1564: 1560: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1533: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1507: 1499: 1488: 1479: 1475: 1467: 1463: 1455: 1448: 1440: 1433: 1425: 1418: 1410: 1399: 1391: 1384: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1357: 1349: 1340: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1295: 1294: 1263: 1255: 1251: 1243: 1234: 1226: 1197: 1189: 1170: 1162: 1153: 1149: 1125: 1032:Homosexual acts 971: 942:95 times a day. 931:The compulsory 900:Baháʼí calendar 887:(destroyed) in 879:(destroyed) in 862: 840: 828: 803: 782: 753: 705: 703:Baháʼí marriage 699: 683: 677: 645: 637:Main articles: 635: 591: 574: 557: 529: 521:Acre, Palestine 483: 448: 403: 402: 363: 355: 354: 303: 295: 294: 248: 240: 239: 215: 207: 206: 177: 169: 168: 131: 123: 122: 78: 70: 69: 50: 49:Central figures 17: 12: 11: 5: 2565: 2563: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2429: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2369:Shoghi Effendi 2365: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2338:Baháʼí history 2334: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2281: 2274: 2267: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2208: 2206: 2198: 2197: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2092: 2091:External links 2089: 2088: 2087: 2081: 2067:MacEoin, Denis 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2035: 2021: 2015: 2000: 1994: 1977: 1960: 1955:978-0888671301 1954: 1939: 1925: 1912: 1906: 1891: 1885: 1865: 1859: 1844: 1838: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1800: 1788: 1786:, pp. 172 1767: 1765:, p. 204. 1755: 1700: 1688: 1676: 1664: 1652: 1630: 1618: 1616:, pp. 145 1606: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1556:, pp. 186 1546: 1531: 1520: 1518:, pp. 323 1505: 1503:, pp. 168 1486: 1473: 1461: 1446: 1444:, pp. 169 1431: 1429:, pp. 166 1416: 1414:, pp. 165 1397: 1395:, pp. 162 1382: 1370: 1355: 1338: 1317: 1305: 1261: 1249: 1247:, pp. 160 1232: 1195: 1193:, pp. 159 1168: 1166:, pp. 158 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1113: 1095: 1086:is either the 1077: 1067: 1061: 1056: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014:(As a form of 1008: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 970: 967: 966: 965: 957: 954:treasure trove 950: 943: 936: 929: 922: 917:Engaging in a 915: 903: 892: 861: 858: 839: 836: 827: 824: 802: 799: 798: 797: 781: 778: 752: 749: 701:Main article: 698: 695: 679:Main article: 676: 673: 659:, preceded by 634: 631: 601:; the time of 590: 587: 573: 570: 562:Middle Eastern 556: 553: 541:Shoghi Effendi 528: 525: 482: 479: 471:Shoghi Effendi 450: 449: 447: 446: 439: 432: 424: 421: 420: 419: 418: 405: 404: 401: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 364: 361: 360: 357: 356: 353: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 321: 320: 310: 304: 301: 300: 297: 296: 293: 292: 291: 290: 285: 280: 270: 265: 260: 255: 253:Shoghi Effendi 249: 246: 245: 242: 241: 238: 237: 232: 227: 222: 220:Baháʼí history 216: 213: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 154: 147: 140: 132: 129: 128: 125: 124: 121: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 79: 76: 75: 72: 71: 68: 67: 62: 57: 51: 48: 47: 44: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2564: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2384:Other Baháʼís 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2265: 2264:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256:Key scripture 2254: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2051:0-85398-999-0 2047: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2001: 1997: 1995:1-85168-184-1 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1973:0-85398-476-7 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1926:1-903765-50-1 1922: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1907:81-85091-46-3 1903: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1886:0-87743-166-3 1882: 1877: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1860:0-87743-264-3 1856: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1841: 1839:0-85398-999-0 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1810:, p. 36. 1809: 1804: 1801: 1798:, p. 203 1797: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1701: 1698:, p. 240 1697: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1677: 1674:, p. 357 1673: 1668: 1665: 1662:, p. 179 1661: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1604:, p. 195 1603: 1598: 1595: 1592:, p. 196 1591: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1328: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1140:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102:death penalty 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088:death penalty 1085: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 980: 979: 978: 976: 975:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 968: 962: 961:lost property 958: 955: 951: 948: 944: 941: 940:Greatest Name 937: 934: 930: 927: 923: 920: 916: 913: 908: 904: 901: 897: 893: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 871: 870: 869: 867: 866:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 859: 857: 855: 850: 846: 844: 835: 833: 832:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 825: 823: 821: 816: 812: 808: 800: 795: 794: 793: 790: 786: 779: 777: 775: 770: 766: 765:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 762: 758: 757:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 750: 748: 745: 741: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 712: 710: 704: 696: 694: 690: 688: 682: 674: 672: 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 649: 644: 640: 632: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 595:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 588: 586: 582: 579: 571: 569: 567: 563: 554: 552: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 533:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 526: 524: 522: 518: 517: 516:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 487:Bábí Religion 480: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 445: 440: 438: 433: 431: 426: 425: 423: 422: 417: 413: 409: 408: 407: 406: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 365: 359: 358: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 319: 316: 315: 314: 311: 309: 306: 305: 299: 298: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 275: 274: 271: 269: 268:Other Baháʼís 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 244: 243: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 211: 210: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 173: 172: 165: 162: 160: 159: 155: 153: 152: 148: 146: 145: 141: 139: 138: 137:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 134: 133: 130:Key scripture 127: 126: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 74: 73: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 52: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 29: 25: 21: 20: 2525: 2478:Other topics 2454:World Centre 2399:Mullá Husayn 2300:Institutions 2283: 2276: 2271:Kitáb-i-Íqán 2269: 2262: 2231: 2217:Unity of God 2183:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2159:Baháʼí Faith 2071: 2040: 2029: 2005: 1985: 1964: 1944: 1916: 1896: 1874: 1849: 1828: 1803: 1791: 1758: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1691: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1621: 1609: 1597: 1585: 1573: 1561: 1549: 1523: 1484:, p. 88 1476: 1464: 1373: 1330:. Retrieved 1320: 1308: 1298: 1252: 1138: 1110:manslaughter 974: 972: 935:of children. 865: 863: 851: 847: 841: 831: 829: 804: 783: 764: 756: 754: 737: 713: 706: 691: 684: 665: 650: 646: 594: 592: 583: 575: 558: 549: 537:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 532: 530: 514: 511: 499:Islamic laws 484: 467:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 459:Baháʼí Faith 454: 453: 362:Other topics 335:World Centre 283:Mullá Husayn 176:Institutions 156: 149: 144:Kitáb-i-Íqán 142: 135: 102: 88:Unity of God 65:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 32:Baháʼí Faith 2515:Orthography 2353:Persecution 2291:Other Texts 2173:Baháʼu'lláh 1824:Baháʼu'lláh 1672:Hornby 1983 1660:Hornby 1983 1602:Hornby 1983 1590:Hornby 1983 1482:Hornby 1983 1259:, p. 6 990:Monasticism 843:Huqúqu'lláh 751:Inheritance 463:Baháʼu'lláh 455:Baháʼí laws 398:Orthography 235:Persecution 164:Other Texts 55:Baháʼu'lláh 2541:Categories 2510:Statistics 2505:Prophecies 2459:Pilgrimage 2449:Síyáh-Chál 1817:References 1784:Smith 2008 1720:(2): 330. 1684:Smith 2000 1626:Smith 2000 1614:Smith 2008 1578:Smith 2000 1566:Smith 2000 1554:Smith 2008 1542:Smith 2008 1516:Smith 2000 1501:Smith 2008 1469:Smith 2000 1457:Smith 2000 1442:Smith 2008 1427:Smith 2008 1412:Smith 2008 1393:Smith 2008 1378:Smith 2000 1366:Smith 2008 1351:Smith 2000 1332:2009-11-15 1245:Smith 2008 1228:Smith 2000 1191:Smith 2008 1164:Smith 2008 985:Asceticism 926:government 883:, and the 873:Pilgrimage 860:Other laws 789:backbiting 747:children. 721:polygamous 717:homosexual 627:fanaticism 611:asceticism 555:Gradualism 507:antinomian 393:Statistics 388:Prophecies 340:Pilgrimage 330:Síyáh-Chál 2495:Cosmology 2212:Teachings 1935:1744-5833 1750:154511808 1734:0748-0814 1016:obeisance 977:include: 933:education 868:include: 761:intestacy 744:education 661:ablutions 378:Cosmology 83:Teachings 2527:Category 2379:Apostles 2343:Timeline 2242:Calendar 2201:Basics ( 2069:(1994). 2027:(2001). 1871:(1974). 1826:(1873). 1123:See also 1070:Adultery 1027:Gambling 740:children 709:marriage 671:esteem. 615:gambling 416:Category 263:Apostles 225:Timeline 113:Calendar 24:a series 22:Part of 2500:Symbols 2404:Táhirih 2331:History 2203:outline 2178:The Báb 1742:1602268 1059:Assault 1047:Calumny 1006:Pulpits 1004:Use of 995:Begging 947:hunting 881:Baghdad 826:Slavery 820:tobacco 807:alcohol 755:In the 733:Divorce 675:Fasting 607:slavery 603:fasting 566:alcohol 527:Sources 481:History 383:Symbols 288:Táhirih 214:History 60:The Báb 2437:Qiblih 2415:Places 2362:People 2348:Bábism 2237:Prayer 2105:Hawaii 2079:  2048:  2013:  1992:  1971:  1952:  1933:  1923:  1904:  1883:  1857:  1836:  1748:  1740:  1732:  1098:Murder 1000:Clergy 912:burial 905:After 889:Shiraz 785:Gossip 657:Qiblih 633:Prayer 619:murder 613:, and 539:, and 495:Persia 318:Qiblih 302:Places 247:People 230:Bábism 108:Prayer 77:Basics 26:on the 2464:Haifa 2389:Bábis 1982:"law" 1746:S2CID 1738:JSTOR 1147:Notes 1116:Theft 1084:arson 1080:Arson 1042:Sloth 919:trade 907:death 854:funds 815:drugs 811:opium 623:arson 503:Bayán 345:Haifa 273:Bábis 2469:Acre 2426:List 2232:Laws 2077:ISBN 2046:ISBN 2011:ISBN 1990:ISBN 1969:ISBN 1950:ISBN 1931:ISSN 1921:ISBN 1902:ISBN 1881:ISBN 1855:ISBN 1834:ISBN 1730:ISSN 1053:arms 1010:The 945:The 787:and 687:fast 641:and 621:and 593:The 469:and 350:Acre 103:Laws 2103:of 2101:NSA 1722:doi 1104:or 1090:or 769:Báb 719:or 576:In 491:Báb 2543:: 1984:. 1929:. 1770:^ 1744:. 1736:. 1728:. 1718:18 1716:. 1712:. 1633:^ 1534:^ 1508:^ 1489:^ 1449:^ 1434:^ 1419:^ 1400:^ 1385:^ 1358:^ 1341:^ 1264:^ 1235:^ 1198:^ 1171:^ 1154:^ 609:, 523:. 2428:) 2424:( 2205:) 2151:e 2144:t 2137:v 2085:. 2054:. 2033:. 2019:. 1998:. 1975:. 1958:. 1937:. 1910:. 1889:. 1863:. 1842:. 1752:. 1724:: 1335:. 1302:. 1066:. 1018:) 914:. 891:. 443:e 436:t 429:v

Index

a series
Baháʼí Faith

Baháʼu'lláh
The Báb
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
Teachings
Unity of God
Unity of humanity
Unity of religion
Laws
Prayer
Calendar
Nineteen Day Feast
Kitáb-i-Aqdas
Kitáb-i-Íqán
The Hidden Words
Some Answered Questions
Other Texts
Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh
Administrative Order
The Guardianship
Universal House of Justice
Spiritual Assemblies
Baháʼí history
Timeline
Bábism
Persecution
Shoghi Effendi
Hands of the Cause

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