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horsemen and a large contingent of foot soldiers from the provinces, bolstered the defense under the leadership of the Raya. Additionally, the strategic blunder committed by Daud, the Sultan’s uncle, who abandoned a crucial post at
Dhonnasandra, further compounded the Muslims' predicament by cutting off their retreat. Faced with a perilous situation, The enemy forces capitalized on Daud Khan's actions, seizing the abandoned position and posing a serious threat to the Sultan's retreat. For five or six months, Mujahid pursued him through the jungles of the Carnatic, but was unable to engage him in battle. Eventually, Bukka managed to evade him and seek refuge in Vijayanagar. Mujahid continued his pursuit, breached the outer defenses of the city, and defeated successive Hindu forces sent against him. Consequently, the Sultan decided to withdraw from the battlefield, employing strategic actions to ensure the safe extraction of his entire army from the hills, during the retreat from Vijayanagar, the Sultan eventually laid siege to Adoni.
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Vijayanagar forces captured two Muslim officers, Saifudin Ghori and Prince Fath Khan, and imprisoned them. Bukka was afraid to pursue them, and
Mujahid besieged Adoni for nine months. Just as the city was about to surrender, the onset of the rainy season replenished the garrison's water supply, causing distress in the besiegers' camp. Saif-ud-din Ghuri persuaded Mujahid to lift the siege, and peace was established with Bukka. Subsequently, Mujahid set out for his capital.
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commanded the right. Muqarrab Khan, son of Safdar Khan
Sistani, oversaw the artillery. Muqarrab Khan directed the bombardment of the enemy with gun carriages, nearly routing them. However, the tide turned when the Raya arrived with a massive army of eight thousand cavalry and six lacs of infantry. The ensuing conflict resulted in a general massacre, during which Muqarrab Khan was killed.
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326:. Meanwhile, Amir-ul-Umra, Bahadur Khan and Azam-i-Humayun were tasked with advancing towards Vijayanagar. The Sultan himself embarked on a journey towards Gangawati on the Tungabhadra, proceeding slowly as he had received information about Bukka's encampment in that area.This actions made it challenging for the Sultan's forces to pursue him effectively.
638:"Bukka feared to follow, and Mujahid besieged Adoni for nine months, and was on the point of receiving its surrender when the rainy season began, replenished the water supply of the garrison, and caused much distress in the besiegers’ camp. Saif-ud-din Ghuri persuaded him to raise the siege, peace was made with Bukka, and Mujahid set out for his capital."
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Daud Khan's failure to hold a defile, which he was entrusted to defend, jeopardized their retreat. Despite this, they managed to force their way through the defile and withdrew towards Adoni with sixty or seventy thousand captives, whose lives were spared according to the pact made by his father. The
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Dawud Khan, the Sultan’s cousin, joined the fray with seven thousand infantry, fighting valiantly despite losing three horses and being forced to the ground. Despite their brave efforts, the besiegers were kept at bay. Shortly thereafter, Chenappa Odeyar arrived with reinforcements, including 20,000
200:, marked by fierce battles and strategic maneuvers. Amidst the chaos, internal strife within the Bahmani Sultanate resulted in Mujahid's assassination and Daud's brief but tumultuous rule. Meanwhile, Bukka capitalized on the instability, expanding Vijayanagara's territory and advancing towards the
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health, as well as that of his family, began to deteriorate due to the hardships of forest life. Consequently, he decided to return to
Vijayanagar through an alternate route, where he prepared to defend the city. The Bahmani Sultan swiftly followed suit, joining his besieging forces and doing a
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commenced with full force, marked by various degrees of success. According to
Ferista, Mujahid managed to penetrate the suburbs and outer fortifications on one occasion, where he ordered the destruction of a renowned temple. In the battle, Azam-i Humayun led the left flank, while Bahadur Khan
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However, the early
Bahmani sultans Muhammed I and Mujahid (c. 1358-78) waged such successful wars for this territory that during the fifteenth century the Tungabhadra became a boundary between the two kingdoms, with the interfluvial tract of Raichur constituting a buffer that changed hands
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However, Daud's ascent to power was short-lived, as the country quickly split into two opposing factions. On May 21, A.D. 1378, after just one month of reign, Daud himself was assassinated while praying in the grand mosque of the capital. Meanwhile,
185:, stemming from past territorial disputes. After a period of relative calm following previous military campaigns, tensions resurfaced when Mujahid, the Sultan of Gulbarga, demanded the surrender of forts and territories in the Doab region.
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adopted a familiar strategy, positioning his forces along the banks of the
Tungabhadra river. Upon learning of these defensive measures, the Bahmani Sultan divided his troops into three groups, assigning one to lay siege to
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was traveling from Adoni towards
Kulbarga, and on the night of Friday, April 16, A.D. 1378, while the Sultan slept in his tent, Daud and three accomplices stormed in and fatally stabbed him after a struggle ensued. With
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having no children, Daud promptly declared himself Sultan as the nearest kin and was subsequently acknowledged as such upon reaching
Gulbarga, where he was officially proclaimed.
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cede control of specific forts and territories situated on the eastern side of the Doab, between the
Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers. These areas were jointly controlled by the
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This led to a series of clashes, with both sides mobilizing their forces. Bukka adopted defensive tactics, avoiding direct confrontation and retreating to the hills, while
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earlier incursion into the Doab region. Despite a peace treaty brokered in January 1368 A.D., dissatisfaction lingered among both parties. Tensions reignited when
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Daud harbored deep resentment over his mistreatment and, along with other discontented nobles, conspired in secret to assassinate the Sultan. They waited until
204:. However, shortly thereafter, Bukka passed away, leaving his son Harihara to inherit the throne amidst a landscape of shifting alliances and ongoing conflict.
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seized the opportunity to expand his territory, conquering the Doab region and advancing as far as the Krishna River, where he laid siege to the fortress of
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found himself embroiled in another conflict in 1375 A.D. This resurgence of hostilities was rooted in longstanding grievances stemming from
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asserted that the true boundary lay along the Krishna river and demanded the Sultan's withdrawal from the entire Doab region. Furthermore,
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urged the Vijayanagar ruler to limit his domain to the western bank of the Tungabhadra river in the future. In response,
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once again opted to avoid direct confrontation, retreating to the rugged terrain of the Setu-Bundh-Rameshwar hills.
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270:. With neither side willing to concede, the Bahmani Sultan declared war and mobilized forces towards
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According to P. Sree Rama Sarma, the outcome of these campaigns is described as the retreat of the
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army ravaged the surrounding countryside, desecrating Hindu temples in their path. Eventually,
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suggests that Mujahid Shah's campaign was successful against the Vijayanagara empire.
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family and requested the return of elephants seized by Mujahid's father during the
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forces ravaged the countryside. Eventually, the conflict escalated into a siege of
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After a period of relative calm following his military campaign's in South India,
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passed away, and his son Harihara succeeded him as the ruler of Vijayanagar.
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The Sultan directed Safdar Khan Sistani to initiate a siege on the
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A futile siege of Adoni for nine months was followed by peace.
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War between the Bahmani Sultanate and Vijayanagara Empire
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Allan, John; Haig, Sir Wolseley; Dodwell, Henry (1964).
240:, leading to frequent clashes over jurisdiction.
159:60,000–70,000 Prisoners captured from Vijayanagara
606:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara
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177:began under the reign of Vijayanagara ruler
609:. Cambridge University Press. p. 115.
342:blockade around the walls of Vijayanagar.
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655:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire
496:. Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 119–123.
466:. Prabhakar Publications. pp. 33–34.
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557:The Cambridge Shorter History of India
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665:Wars involving the Bahmani Sultanate
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391:the New Cambridge History of India
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533:Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2
571:Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta (1958).
262:as ancestral territories of the
224:, the newly appointed Sultan of
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329:Over the course of six months,
490:Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1985).
423:. Shortly after these events,
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298:In response to the impending
603:Stein, Burton (2005-02-17).
460:Sarma, P. Sree Rama (1992).
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493:The Bahmanis of the Deccan
382:Cambridge History of India
294:Map showing Raichur Doab.
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560:. S. Chand. p. 174.
29:Bahmani–Vijayanagar Wars
530:Haig, Wolseley (1925).
384:, published during the
372:Accounts of the outcome
282:rivers in the process.
121:Prince Fath Khan (
574:History of South India
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88:Commanders and leaders
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151:Casualties and losses
113:Saifudin Ghori (
346:Siege of Vijayanagar
274:, crossing both the
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536:. pp. 383–384.
175:Vijayanagara Empire
129:Safdar Khan Sistani
104:Muqarrab Khan
82:Vijayanagara Empire
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616:978-0-521-61925-7
378:Bahmani Sultanate
183:Bahmani Sultanate
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268:previous war
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179:Bukka Raya I
169:between the
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133:Bahadur Khan
131:Amir-ul-Umra
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94:Mujahid Shah
71:Belligerents
622:frequently.
352:Vijayanagar
313:Vijayanagar
280:Tungabhadra
234:Vijayanagar
198:Vijayanagar
649:Categories
431:References
417:Bukka Raya
208:Background
143:Bukka Raya
660:Karnataka
591:Haig 1925
367:Aftermath
335:Mujahid's
194:Mujahid's
52:Karnataka
42:1375–1378
264:Anegondi
226:Gulbarga
173:and the
47:Location
27:Part of
421:Raichur
409:Mujahid
404:Mujahid
386:Raj era
339:Bukka's
300:Bahmani
286:Clashes
276:Krishna
256:Raichur
244:Mujahid
222:Mujahid
156:Unknown
108:†
96: (
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398:Crisis
260:Mudgal
59:Result
425:Bukka
331:Bukka
324:Adoni
317:Bukka
309:Adoni
304:Bukka
272:Adoni
252:Bukka
248:Bukka
230:Bukka
214:Bukka
187:Bukka
611:ISBN
278:and
258:and
236:and
165:The
39:Date
124:POW
116:POW
99:WIA
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