797:
813:
719:
779:
761:
42:
114:
236:
72:
749:, Cuban amazons (locally known as Cayman parrots) are sometimes removed from the wild and illegally kept as pets. In 2020, the authorities held an amnesty during which parrot owners could legally register their pets, which were then given health checks and fitted with microchips and leg bands in order to identify and distinguish them from wild birds. 326 parrots were registered during this amnesty.
596:
The Cuban amazon lives in different habitats on different islands. It was once found throughout Cuba, but it is now mainly confined to the forested areas of the main island and Isla de la
Juventud. There are about 10,000 individuals in Cuba, including an estimated 1,100–1,320 on Isla de la Juventud.
742:, as many pet parrots were brought back from Cuba by Russian soldiers following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Despite increased availability in recent times, the Cuban amazon is still one of the highest-priced of all amazons. Several colour mutations have been observed in captive-bred stock.
600:
On the Cayman
Islands the parrot lives in dry forest and on agricultural land. The population living on Grand Cayman numbers about 3,400 individuals (2006 survey), and the population on Cayman Brac consists of 400–500 individuals. The population on Little Cayman was extirpated in the 1940s.
587:
are pale olive-green, its beak is horn-coloured, and the feathers over the ears are blackish. The legs are pink. The juvenile has little or no red on the abdomen, less black edging on the green feathers, and some of the feathers on the top of its head may be pale yellow rather than white.
564:
to the now-extirpated population of the
Acklins and Crooked Islands, while it was proposed that the two extant populations from the Abaco Islands and the Inagua Islands each represent a new subspecies. The recognition of three subspecies from the Bahamas is also supported by genetics.
573:
The Cuban amazon is a medium-sized parrot 28–33 centimetres (11–13 in) long. It is mainly green with some blue feathers in its wings. The green feathers are edged with a terminal black rim. Its lower face, chin and throat are
559:
of the Cuban mainland. This review also revealed differences among the populations on the various islands in the
Bahamas (some of which had already been pointed out earlier), leading to the suggestion of restricting
578:
pink, and its forehead and eye-rings are white. The extent of the various colours of the head, the extent of the rosy pink on the upper chest, and the extent of the dull red on the abdomen vary between the
524:, but in 1928 a re-evaluation indicated that the colour differences were due to age-related variations and that they showed no substantial differences to the specimens obtained from the rest of Cuba (i.e.,
666:
The breeding season is from March to
September. Cuban amazons nest in tree cavities throughout most of its range, the only exception being that the parrots living on the Abaco Islands nest underground in
796:
604:
The populations were estimated at 3,550 individuals on Abaco and 6,350 on Inagua in 2006. The populations on the
Acklins and Crooked Islands were extirpated in the 1940s, while it, based on
812:
1386:
2443:
2255:
1505:
2413:
778:
2294:
1634:
2458:
1167:
1321:
738:, with aggressive behaviour from cock birds towards their mates and their own chicks a relatively common occurrence. The species is also a popular pet in
931:
760:
2229:
1773:
2268:
387:
1449:
1204:
1176:
1150:
1142:
1138:
718:
2453:
2433:
1281:
1002:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1581:
1524:
1354:
2448:
1405:
2438:
2216:
331:
2273:
734:(where it was bred in captivity by Cuban immigrants) until the 1980s, and is considered one of the more difficult to breed
2428:
1045:. Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club: Number 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nuttall Ornithological Club. p. 82.
2000:
1766:
1016:
470:
357:
2377:
2299:
1573:
1099:
935:
1367:
1812:
442:
113:
2307:
2109:
1938:
1228:
513:
1602:"Status and conservation of parrots and parakeets in the Greater Antilles, Bahama Islands, and Cayman Islands"
2418:
1759:
365:
2312:
2423:
2144:
2071:
2054:
2346:
1963:
1958:
1926:
1822:
1569:
1499:
1192:
350:
208:
1914:
1723:
868:
1740:
41:
2203:
2136:
2118:
1985:
1909:
1857:
1837:
1832:
1464:
548:
540:
517:
1943:
1921:
1889:
1852:
1827:
1188:
1025:. Vol. 4. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 166, Plate 166.
617:
432:
323:
291:
61:
1488:
1429:
Snyder, N.F.R.; King, W.B.; Kepler, C.B. (1982). "Biology and conservation of the Bahama Parrot".
934:. Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean Birds (SCSCB). December 2006. Archived from
632:
In the winter Cuban amazons gather in flocks, and disperse into pairs during the breeding season.
2044:
2031:
1990:
1948:
1879:
1847:
1480:
1257:
672:
654:
248:
108:
2351:
1970:
2260:
1296:
2333:
2286:
2167:
2015:
2010:
1980:
1899:
1894:
1817:
1577:
1350:
1200:
1172:
1146:
978:
621:
2123:
2338:
1904:
1862:
1702:
1613:
1472:
1247:
1199:. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. 360–361.
1103:
1005:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 100.
968:
958:
863:
679:
612:
findings, historically also has been present on several other islands in the
Bahamas (e.g.,
466:
413:
2372:
2149:
1638:
UNEP-WCMC Species
Database: CITES-Listed Species On the World Wide Web. Accessed 03-04-2010
2320:
2048:
1975:
1874:
1867:
1056:
699:
552:
480:
336:
235:
76:
845:
1468:
1884:
1807:
1563:
1559:
1076:
1036:
973:
950:
746:
613:
584:
379:
369:
314:, they are probably the result of escaped pets, and no reproduction has been recorded.
303:
2390:
547:(at least if restricted to the population on Isla de la Juventud), it having a longer
2407:
2281:
1931:
1782:
996:
854:
803:
735:
703:
609:
527:
501:
462:
454:
424:
395:
327:
225:
185:
81:
1484:
1060:
1020:
2172:
1953:
1698:
1040:
788:
770:
695:
691:
575:
493:
484:
446:
2159:
1751:
1000:
372:
in 1923. The Cuban amazon is now one of around thirty species placed in the genus
356:. Linnaeus cited the description and illustration of the "white-headed parrot" in
2221:
2364:
2242:
2103:
1080:
710:, which prohibits commercial international trade of listed wild-caught species.
497:
450:
311:
299:
175:
1648:
1065:. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 217.
2385:
1746:
1618:
1601:
1476:
1107:
727:
580:
409:
2094:
1448:
Russello, M. A.; Stahala, C.; Lalonde, D.; Schmidt, K. L.; Amato, G. (2010).
17:
668:
649:
345:
307:
125:
982:
951:"From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico"
890:
1673:
2325:
2088:
675:
532:
145:
2195:
1345:
Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, & J. Raffaele (1998).
1282:"Independent geographic origins of the genus Amazona in the West Indies"
2234:
2131:
1799:
1261:
963:
731:
706:
of
Threatened Species. It is protected with a listing on Appendix I of
521:
374:
1372:
Lexicon of Parrots, online version. Arndt-Verlag. Accessed 03-04-2010.
2247:
739:
605:
458:
287:
165:
135:
2185:
2065:
1252:
1197:
The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
2359:
2180:
1786:
1652:
717:
707:
641:
341:
98:
92:
2208:
645:
428:
295:
155:
53:
2069:
1755:
1450:"Cryptic diversity and conservation units in the Bahama parrot"
839:
837:
835:
833:
1085:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: F.G. Levrault. p. 189.
483:, 1886), also called the Grand Cayman amazon. Restricted to
382:
in 1830. The genus name is a Latinized version of the name
427:, 1758), also called the Cuban amazon. Present throughout
412:
of the Cuban amazon, thereby following the 1928 review by
694:, occasional natural disasters and trapping for the wild
368:
as "America" but this was restricted to eastern Cuba by
520:) and Isla de la Juventud based on differences in the
516:, 1916) was thought to occur in western Cuba (east to
408:
Traditionally, most authorities have recognized four
405:
meaning "white" and "-kephalos" meaning "-headed").
2078:
2024:
1999:
1798:
1275:
1273:
1271:
869:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686201A179212864.en
310:. Although they have been observed in the wild in
340:. He placed it with all the other parrots in the
1380:
1378:
539:is a valid subspecies. A recent review based on
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
949:FalcĂłn, Wilfredo; Tremblay, Raymond L. (2018).
364:which was published in 1751. Linnaeus gave the
671:solution holes, where they are protected from
473:and possibly elsewhere in the Bahamas as well.
1767:
1565:Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide
1329:The Bahamas Naturalist and Journal of Science
932:"Rose-throated Parrot (Amazona leucocephala)"
678:. Two to four white eggs are laid, which are
445:, 1867), also called the Bahaman amazon. Two
378:that was introduced by the French naturalist
8:
1674:"The Wonderful World of Amazons (continued)"
1387:"Conservation taxonomy of the Cuban Parrot (
1168:The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World
1135:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1082:Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique
535:, but some authorities have maintained that
1504:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 (
1322:"The urgent need for conservation taxonomy"
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
555:, and a larger rosy pink throat patch than
2066:
1774:
1760:
1752:
1678:Organization of Professional Aviculturists
1391:): I. Variation in morphology and plumage"
1280:Ottens-Wainright, P.; et al. (2004).
234:
70:
40:
31:
1617:
1251:
972:
962:
867:
543:and plumage supported the distinction of
1595:
1593:
531:). The two populations are very similar
496:, 1916. Now restricted to the island of
1747:Cuban amazon Video in Zapata Swamp,Cuba
1347:A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
829:
756:
2444:Near threatened fauna of North America
1519:
1517:
1515:
1497:
1385:Reynolds, M.B.J.; Hayes, W.K. (2009).
1094:
1092:
640:The Cuban amazon feeds on a number of
2414:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1743:Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profile
1137:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1114:. International Ornithologists' Union
7:
726:The Cuban amazon was seldom-seen in
2459:Species endangered by the pet trade
1022:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
855:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
698:, the Cuban amazon is evaluated as
362:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1672:Voren, Howard (3 September 2020).
435:(formerly known as Isla de Pinos).
326:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
25:
1171:. 6th edition. Christopher Helm.
722:Pet in a small round cage in Cuba
286:, is a medium-sized mainly green
1398:Journal of Caribbean Ornithology
1289:Journal of Caribbean Ornithology
1112:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
1062:Check-List of Birds of the World
811:
795:
777:
759:
469:populations were present on the
386:used in the 18th century by the
112:
1606:Bird Conservation International
1531:. BirdLife International (2008)
844:BirdLife International (2020).
1349:. Princeton University Press.
818:Two in a fruiting tree in Cuba
682:by the female for 26–28 days.
1:
401:meaning "white-headed" (from
1724:"Cayman parrot amnesty ends"
461:(with sightings from nearby
2454:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2434:Birds of the Cayman Islands
471:Acklins and Crooked Islands
2475:
1574:Princeton University Press
1133:Jobling, James A. (2010).
652:and West Indian mahogany (
2040:
1813:Vinaceous-breasted amazon
1703:"The Cuban Amazon Parrot"
1619:10.1017/S0959270900000599
1477:10.1007/s10592-010-0074-z
1227:Peters, James. L (1928).
862:: e.T22686201A179212864.
254:
247:
242:
233:
214:
207:
109:Scientific classification
107:
90:
68:
59:
48:
39:
34:
1939:Yellow-shouldered amazon
1649:"Text of the Convention"
1165:Clements, J. F. (2007).
648:including the fruits of
592:Distribution and habitat
2449:Birds described in 1758
1705:. The Parrot Society UK
1479:(inactive 2024-05-03).
1295:: 23–49. Archived from
1106:, eds. (January 2022).
500:, but formerly also on
390:. The specific epithet
354:Psittacus leucocephalus
290:found in woodlands and
257:Psittacus leucocephalus
2439:Birds of the Caribbean
2055:List of amazon parrots
1404:: 1–18. Archived from
723:
2347:Paleobiology Database
1964:Southern mealy amazon
1959:Northern mealy amazon
1927:Yellow-crowned amazon
1823:Red-spectacled amazon
1635:Amazona leucocephala.
1600:Wiley, J. W. (1991).
1457:Conservation Genetics
806:, Gran Canaria, Spain
721:
322:The Cuban amazon was
278:), also known as the
2429:Birds of the Bahamas
2391:Amazona-leucocephala
2124:Amazona_leucocephala
2110:Amazona leucocephala
2080:Amazona leucocephala
1986:Orange-winged amazon
1910:Yellow-headed amazon
1858:Lilac-crowned amazon
1838:Yellow-billed amazon
1833:White-fronted amazon
1527:Amazona leucocephala
1525:"Species factsheet:
1389:Amazona leucocephala
1368:Amazona leucocephala
1108:"Parrots, cockatoos"
891:"Appendices | CITES"
848:Amazona leucocephala
730:outside of Cuba and
518:Villa Clara Province
508:Another subspecies,
284:rose-throated parrot
275:Amazona leucocephala
218:Amazona leucocephala
200:A. leucocephala
2045:Neotropical parrots
1944:Blue-fronted amazon
1922:Yellow-naped amazon
1890:Blue-cheeked amazon
1853:Puerto Rican amazon
1828:Black-billed amazon
1469:2010ConG...11.1809R
1231:Amazon leucocephala
526:A. l. leucocephala
433:Isla de la Juventud
260:Linnaeus, 1758
62:Conservation status
2032:Blue-winged amazon
1991:St. Vincent amazon
1949:Scaly-naped amazon
1915:Tres MarĂas amazon
1880:Red-crowned amazon
1848:Hispaniolan amazon
1741:World Parrot Trust
1632:UNEP-WCMC (2010).
1560:Forshaw, Joseph M.
1320:Hayes, W. (2006).
1102:; Donsker, David;
964:10.7717/peerj.5669
957:. 6:e5669: e5669.
724:
655:Swietenia mahagoni
557:A. l. leucocephala
421:A. l. leucocephala
324:formally described
50:A. l. leucocephala
2401:
2400:
2334:Open Tree of Life
2072:Taxon identifiers
2063:
2062:
2016:Martinique amazon
2011:Guadeloupe amazon
1981:Red-tailed amazon
1900:Red-necked amazon
1895:Red-browed amazon
1568:. Illustrated by
1206:978-0-9568611-0-8
1177:978-0-7136-8695-1
1152:978-1-4081-2501-4
1104:Rasmussen, Pamela
1057:Peters, James Lee
1042:The Birds of Cuba
785:A. l. caymanensis
767:A. l. caymanensis
622:Grand Turk Island
477:A. l. caymanensis
266:
265:
102:
85:
16:(Redirected from
2466:
2394:
2393:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2302:
2290:
2289:
2277:
2276:
2264:
2263:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2199:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2137:E0EB5106FB09A163
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2067:
2025:Disputed species
1905:St. Lucia amazon
1863:Red-lored amazon
1776:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1487:. Archived from
1454:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1395:
1382:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1286:
1277:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1237:
1224:
1211:
1210:
1193:Remsen, J.V. Jr.
1185:
1179:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1013:
1007:
1006:
993:
987:
986:
976:
966:
946:
940:
939:
928:
905:
904:
902:
901:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
871:
841:
815:
799:
781:
763:
562:A. l. bahamensis
439:A. l. bahamensis
414:James Lee Peters
261:
238:
220:
117:
116:
96:
79:
74:
73:
44:
32:
21:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2321:Observation.org
2319:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2074:
2064:
2059:
2036:
2020:
2003:extinct species
2002:
1995:
1976:Imperial amazon
1971:Kawall's amazon
1875:Diademed amazon
1868:Lilacine amazon
1794:
1780:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1726:. 4 March 2020.
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1558:
1557:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1513:
1496:
1491:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1364:
1360:
1344:
1340:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1253:10.2307/4076025
1235:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1207:
1195:, eds. (2013).
1189:Dickinson, E.C.
1187:
1186:
1182:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1037:Barbour, Thomas
1035:
1034:
1030:
1017:Edwards, George
1015:
1014:
1010:
995:
994:
990:
948:
947:
943:
930:
929:
908:
899:
897:
889:
888:
884:
874:
872:
843:
842:
831:
826:
819:
816:
807:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
716:
700:Near Threatened
690:Due to ongoing
688:
664:
638:
630:
594:
571:
449:populations in
388:Comte de Buffon
349:and coined the
337:Systema Naturae
320:
259:
243:Range in green
229:
222:
216:
203:
111:
103:
86:
77:Near Threatened
75:
71:
64:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2472:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Amazon parrots
2416:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2278:
2265:
2252:
2239:
2226:
2213:
2200:
2190:
2177:
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1229:"Races of the
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1059:, ed. (1937).
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736:amazon parrots
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537:A. l. palmarum
510:A. l. palmarum
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491:A. l. hesterna
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358:George Edwards
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502:Little Cayman
499:
495:
492:
489:
486:
482:
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463:Little Inagua
460:
456:
455:Abaco Islands
453:; one on the
452:
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444:
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418:
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406:
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399:leukokephalos
397:
396:Ancient Greek
393:
389:
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371:
367:
366:type locality
363:
359:
355:
352:
351:binomial name
348:
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338:
333:
332:tenth edition
329:
328:Carl Linnaeus
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209:Binomial name
206:
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51:
47:
43:
38:
35:Cuban amazon
33:
30:
19:
18:Bahama parrot
2079:
1954:Mealy amazon
1843:Cuban amazon
1842:
1790:
1718:
1707:. Retrieved
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1656:. Retrieved
1643:
1633:
1628:
1609:
1605:
1570:Frank Knight
1564:
1533:. Retrieved
1526:
1500:cite journal
1489:the original
1460:
1456:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1413:. Retrieved
1406:the original
1401:
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1366:
1361:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1315:
1304:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1292:
1288:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1196:
1183:
1166:
1161:
1134:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1111:
1081:
1077:Lesson, René
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
954:
944:
936:the original
898:. Retrieved
894:
885:
873:. Retrieved
859:
853:
847:
789:Grand Cayman
784:
771:Grand Cayman
766:
744:
725:
696:parrot trade
692:habitat loss
689:
665:
653:
639:
631:
618:San Salvador
608:remains and
603:
599:
595:
572:
561:
556:
544:
536:
525:
509:
507:
490:
485:Grand Cayman
476:
459:Great Inagua
438:
431:, including
420:
407:
402:
398:
392:leucocephala
391:
383:
373:
361:
353:
344:
335:
321:
283:
280:Cuban parrot
279:
274:
273:
270:Cuban amazon
269:
267:
256:
255:
217:
215:
199:
198:
186:
49:
29:
2308:Neotropical
2243:iNaturalist
2104:Wikispecies
1463:(5): 1809.
1431:Living Bird
1335:(1): 12–24.
1100:Gill, Frank
875:12 November
569:Description
533:genetically
498:Cayman Brac
457:and one on
451:the Bahamas
380:René Lesson
312:Puerto Rico
300:the Bahamas
292:dry forests
176:Psittacidae
2408:Categories
2386:Xeno-canto
1709:2009-04-25
1658:2010-04-03
1415:2013-03-02
1365:Arndt, T.
1306:2010-04-02
900:2022-01-14
824:References
728:aviculture
714:Aviculture
650:palm trees
581:subspecies
553:metatarsus
549:wing chord
541:morphology
467:Extirpated
410:subspecies
95:Appendix I
1437:: 91–114.
895:cites.org
680:incubated
676:wildfires
669:limestone
658:) seeds.
620:) and on
443:Bryant, H
346:Psittacus
308:Caribbean
194:Species:
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
2360:Species+
2287:22686201
2261:11374531
2150:22686201
2145:BirdLife
2089:Wikidata
2051:: Arini)
1562:(2006).
1485:22511189
1233:(Linn.)"
1118:19 March
1079:(1831).
1039:(1923).
1019:(1751).
999:(1758).
983:30397538
673:pineyard
662:Breeding
628:Behavior
425:Linnaeus
394:is from
318:Taxonomy
282:and the
249:Synonyms
226:Linnaeus
172:Family:
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
2313:cubpar1
2235:2479655
2209:1178060
2186:cubpar1
2160:cubpar1
2132:Avibase
2095:Q588594
1800:Species
1791:Amazona
1535:17 July
1465:Bibcode
1262:4076025
974:6214232
753:Gallery
745:In the
732:Florida
702:on the
522:plumage
504:Island.
487:Island.
384:Amazone
375:Amazona
334:of his
330:in the
306:in the
228:, 1758)
187:Amazona
182:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
97: (
80: (
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2217:EURING
2193:ECOS:
1683:5 July
1580:
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981:
971:
740:Russia
686:Status
642:fruits
606:fossil
585:irises
583:. Its
447:extant
403:leukos
288:parrot
2326:71639
2256:IRMNG
2248:18988
2181:eBird
2173:5TZTJ
2157:BOW:
2049:tribe
1787:genus
1653:CITES
1492:(PDF)
1481:S2CID
1453:(PDF)
1409:(PDF)
1394:(PDF)
1325:(PDF)
1300:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
1258:JSTOR
1236:(PDF)
955:PeerJ
708:CITES
646:seeds
494:Bangs
342:genus
99:CITES
93:CITES
2378:1598
2365:7836
2295:NCBI
2282:IUCN
2269:ITIS
2230:GBIF
2222:7110
2196:3235
1685:2021
1578:ISBN
1537:2008
1506:link
1351:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1120:2022
979:PMID
877:2021
860:2020
644:and
636:Diet
616:and
576:rosy
551:and
514:Todd
481:Cory
429:Cuba
302:and
296:Cuba
268:The
156:Aves
54:Cuba
2373:TSA
2204:EoL
2168:CoL
2119:ADW
1614:doi
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1248:doi
1240:Auk
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864:doi
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294:of
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