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158:, the one-hole baidarkas (kayaks) were found in abundance, along with some two-hole boats. The Russians later came to hunt fur-bearing animals, and the Russian influence on the design of the kayaks was significant, resulting in three-hole kayaks. These were probably configured with the stern man paddling and guiding the craft, while the bow man was responsible for using the
173:"...The baidarki of the present-day Aleuts are no longer as perfect as those of the former Aleut riders. At that time, in the hands of excellent riders, they were so speedy that birds could not outrun them. They were so narrow and sharp-keeled that they could not stand upright in the water without a rider, and so light that a seven-year-old child could easily carry them."
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The men designed the baidarka frames to be light, fast, and flexible, tying together the wooden parts with intricate and spiritual knots braided from tough animal sinew. Unungan women prepared sea lion skins which they sewed onto the frames with bone needles, using a waterproof stitch. While out at
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Aleut are surrounded by treacherous waters and have required water transportation and hunting vessels. Due to the geography and climate of the
Aleutian Islands, trees and wood were in scarce supply, and the people historically relied primarily on driftwood to create the framework of their
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Another well known baidarka revivalist is ethnographer David
Zimmerly, who has documented the history of baidarka and the people who used them. In 1983 Zimmerly published two articles in "Small Boat Journal" that showed how to build a baidarka.
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260:. Often the inflatable buoyancy chambers are embedded into the skin, resulting in increased safety and performance. Some designs additionally support the installation of sail rigging, rudder and fin keel.
106:, which they covered in sea mammals skins. They developed two types of boats: a hunting kayak with a covered deck, and an open vessel for transportation and capable of carrying goods.
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sea, men carried with them emergency repair kits. For the
Unungan, the sea kayaks lived as spiritual beings and were essential for their survival.
82:: iqyax) is a watercraft consisting of soft skin (artificial or natural) over a flexible space frame. Without primarily vertical flex, it is not an
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is often credited with the revival of the baidarka, through his company Dyson, Baidarka & Company. Dyson and his boats were the subject of
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in 1986. Dyson's
Baidarkas are made from modern materials such as aluminium for the frame and coated polyester fabric for the skin.
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198:), bone, and sinew. It was treated as a living being by Aleut men, and it was taboo for women to handle them once completed.
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Iqyax builders who kept the tradition of building skin-on-skeleton boats alive in the 20th century include
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The
Starship and the Canoe, Kenneth Brower, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York NY, 1978,
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Some characteristics of these early kayaks are described in the words of Ivan
Veniaminov (
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Zimmerly, David (February–March 1983). "Building the Aleut One-hole
Baidarka: Part 1".
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162:(throwing board) in the hunt, with the hunt boss in the middle directing the hunt.
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Zimmerly, David (April–May 1983). "Building the Aleut One-hole
Baidarka: Part 2".
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Baidarka, George B. Dyson, Alaska
Northwest Publishing Co., Edmonds WA, 1986,
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suffix "-ka" to the name of another, larger boat that the Aleuts called the
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186:(bifurcated bow). Very lightweight and maneuverable, it was made out of
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385:"'We Are A Water People:' Unalaska Community Unites At Iqyax̂ Launch"
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From early ages, Unungan boys were trained in the use of baidarka.
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Sir
Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions
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skin sewed only by Aleut women, over a frame made strictly of
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Modern baidarkas are fast collapsible rowing boats, based on
58:
Three hatch model Aleut baidarka, by Sergie Sovoroff.
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Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon
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182:A prominent feature of a baidarka is its forked
1079:Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival
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1049:Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival
169:) writing from the island of Atka in 1840:
1059:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
413:
399:
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86:. Its initial design was created by the
66:Wooden frame of 1/6th scale model iqyax.
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1117:British Dragon Boat Racing Association
7:
1218:The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes
1170:International Dragon Boat Federation
241:, and Dyson himself wrote the book
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983:List of world records in canoeing
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371:
130:. The word was coined by early
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1069:Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival
209:- Baidarka are available here.
138:, who created it by adding the
34:Contemporary baidarka with sail
1:
993:Au Sable River Canoe Marathon
284:Leinhard, John H. "Baidark".
223:Fort Ross State Historic Park
126:name used for Aleutian style
1064:Houston Dragon Boat Festival
966:Canoeing and kayaking venues
286:The Engines of Our Ingenuity
194:(since no trees grow in the
1147:Portuguese Canoe Federation
1074:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival
1033:Riverland Paddling Marathon
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1142:Scottish Canoe Association
1102:American Canoe Association
1097:European Canoe Association
590:Women's Canadian medalists
239:The Starship and the Canoe
154:Before the arrival of the
1234:
1180:UK Rivers Access Campaign
1132:Croatian Canoe Federation
221:Contemporary baidarka at
46:in 1896, with waterproof
27:Native Alaskan watercraft
1137:Israel Canoe Association
1008:Hawkesbury Canoe Classic
988:Adirondack Canoe Classic
585:Men's Canadian medalists
292:. University of Houston.
256:frame with skin made of
641:Slalom Junior & U23
630:Women's kayak medalists
620:Women's canoe medalists
600:Women's kayak medalists
90:(Unangan/Unangas), the
1018:National Student Rodeo
701:Canoe and kayak diving
562:Standup paddleboarding
226:
175:
67:
59:
51:
35:
1165:Canadian Canoe Museum
1013:Massive Murray Paddle
960:Artificial whitewater
635:Mixed canoe medalists
625:Men's kayak medalists
615:Men's canoe medalists
595:Men's kayak medalists
380:at Wikimedia Commons
220:
207:Drawings of the Iqyax
171:
65:
57:
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871:Canoe paddle strokes
828:Sturgeon-nosed canoe
1157:Other organisations
1003:Dusi Canoe Marathon
757:International Canoe
677:Whitewater canoeing
672:Small-craft sailing
605:Paracanoe medalists
1122:Canoe Kayak Canada
904:Albano buoy system
767:Recreational kayak
711:Canoe orienteering
656:Wildwater canoeing
460:Wildwater canoeing
352:Small Boat Journal
337:Small Boat Journal
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167:Innocent of Alaska
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60:
52:
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1206:Paddle-to-the-Sea
1199:La Chasse-galerie
818:Pacific Northwest
781:Traditional boats
515:Other disciplines
376:Media related to
229:In modern times,
92:Indigenous people
50:gear and garments
16:(Redirected from
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1107:Paddle Australia
1089:Governing bodies
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1023:Thameside Series
501:Female medalists
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367:External links
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976:Competitions
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924:Paddle leash
919:Paddle float
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772:Sprint canoe
725:Modern boats
716:Canoe livery
686:Sea kayaking
679: /
651:Ocean Racing
552:Snow boating
445:Canoe slalom
440:Canoe sprint
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339:(29): 26–31.
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231:George Dyson
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134:settlers in
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88:Aleut people
83:
75:
71:
69:
1225:Waterwalker
1127:Canoe Wales
808:Fur brigade
542:Surf skiing
532:Nouka Baich
213:Present day
1255:Categories
939:Spray deck
881:Kayak roll
863:Techniques
665:Recreation
455:Canoe polo
271:References
258:PVC fabric
192:drift wood
140:diminutive
1112:Paddle UK
1042:Festivals
909:Outrigger
896:Equipment
853:Swan boat
848:War canoe
475:Paracanoe
378:Baidarkas
128:sea kayak
114:The word
934:Sea sock
681:kayaking
646:Marathon
522:Creeking
484:Olympics
426:kayaking
422:Canoeing
358:: 78–83.
243:Baidarka
237:'s book
156:Russians
120:baidarka
72:baidarka
44:Unalaska
18:Baidarka
1242:Outline
929:Royalex
886:Portage
823:Rabaska
225:in 2015
150:History
144:baidara
132:Russian
124:Russian
122:is the
116:bidarka
94:of the
1261:Kayaks
953:Venues
944:Tuilik
914:Paddle
833:Taimen
803:Dugout
793:Cayuco
611:Slalom
581:Sprint
506:Venues
387:, KUCB
322:
306:
178:Design
160:atlatl
136:Alaska
104:kayaks
1190:Media
838:Umiak
762:Malia
747:Flyak
737:Kayak
732:Canoe
110:Names
84:iqyax
80:Aleut
48:kayak
1211:film
843:Waka
424:and
320:ISBN
304:ISBN
188:seal
70:The
572:ICF
290:669
184:bow
118:or
98:.
74:or
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78:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
