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379:. It carried 22 orphan boys (aged 3 to 10) to act as carriers of the cowpox virus. The boys were necessary because the vaccine consisted of infecting patients with cowpox, which is a virus closely related to smallpox but produces a much milder disease that confers immunity to both. However, only an active infection could be transferred to successive patients, so two boys were infected with cowpox at the beginning of the voyage, with two more infected at a time as it progressed across the Atlantic and beyond. The medical staff and caretakers for the boys consisted of Balmis, a deputy surgeon, two assistants, two first-aid practitioners, three nurses, and
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material. The new vaccine was a much safer and more effective way to prevent smallpox. At the time, about 400,000 Europeans died each year from the disease which was also responsible for one-third of all cases of blindness in Europe. The use of Jenner's new vaccine spread rapidly through Europe and
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The vaccine first reached Spain in late 1800 and by the end of 1801, several thousand persons had been vaccinated across the country. The efforts were well publicised in Spain and by 1804, dozens of papers, treatises, newspaper articles, and editorials had been published on the smallpox vaccine.
295:, decimated the populations of the Americas after it was introduced by the Spanish conquistadors in the 1500s. By the late 16th century, smallpox had become endemic throughout Spain's holdings in the Americas and epidemics occurred periodically over the next 300 years.
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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wrote an ode to Balmis. José Salvany, the deputy surgeon, went toward today's
Colombia and the Viceroyalty of Peru (Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Bolivia). The voyage took seven years and cost Salvany his life, as he died in 1810 in
480:. In New Spain, Balmis took on 25 more orphans to maintain the infection during the crossing of the Pacific. In the Philippines, they received help from the Catholic church, which was initially reluctant until
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Balmis expedition may be considered the first international healthcare expedition in history. Jenner himself wrote, "I don't imagine the annals of history furnish an example of
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Maria Teresa, had died from smallpox. He had heard of the vaccine discovery. Colombia and
Ecuador experienced a smallpox epidemic and called on the king for supplies.
468:, Mexico, as additional carriers of the vaccine; following Mexican independence and emancipation, Mexico continued to bring in slaves from Cuba as vaccine carriers.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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made an example by vaccinating his five children. Balmis sent most of the expedition back to New Spain while he went on to China, where he visited
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using smallpox material. These efforts did little to mitigate the epidemics and sometimes actually increased the spread of the contagion.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
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744:"The Spanish Royal Philanthropic Expedition to Bring Smallpox Vaccination to the New World and Asia in the 19th Century"
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Historical marker installed in the
Philippines to commemorate the arrival of the expedition in the Philippine Islands
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550:"The Balmis-Salvany Smallpox Expedition: The First Public Health Vaccination Campaign in South America"
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898:"The World's First Immunization Campaign: The Spanish Smallpox Vaccine Expedition, 1803–1813"
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495:. On his way back to Spain in 1806, Balmis offered the vaccine to the British authorities in
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had a significant positive impact on the severity and frequency of smallpox epidemics.
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by Moreau de Sarthe to be distributed to the local vaccine commissions to be founded.
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Franco-Paredes, Carlos; Lammoglia, Lorena; Santos-Preciado, José Ignacio (2005).
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En el nombre de los Niños. Real expedición
FilantrĂłpica de la Vacuna 1803-1806
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Inoculation in the 1799 smallpox epidemic in Mexico: Myth or real solution?
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In the 18th century there were scattered attempts in the colonies to use
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Smallpox, a devastating disease that was endemic throughout much of the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Antilia:Spanish
Journal of History of Natural Sciences and Technology
622:"An 1800s vaccine campaign in Mexico offers lessons in beating Covid"
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in honor of the orphan children who took part of the expedition
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1803-06 mass vaccination campaign throughout the
Spanish Empire
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556:. Vol. 6, no. 1. Pan-American Health Organization.
123:{{Translated|es|Real ExpediciĂłn FilantrĂłpica de la Vacuna}}
679:"Medicine in Canada: Smallpox and its control in Canada"
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to this template: there are already 942 articles in the
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Vaccinate the inhabitants of the viceroyalties of the
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At Balmis' request Cuba sent three enslaved girls to
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Expedition by Balmis and his collaborators to
America
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167:(Spain), a tribute to the people of the expedition
371:On 30 November 1803, the expedition set off from
432:Historical and Practical Treatise on the Vaccine
251:Detail of expedition's routes in the Philippines
212:High mortality rate in the viceroyalties of the
649:Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox
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896:Mark, Catherine; Rigau-Perez, Jose G. (2009).
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111:accompanying your translation by providing an
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652:. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. p.
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317:to immunize persons with an inoculation of
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1046:Science and technology in Galicia (Spain)
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793:"Vaccine expedition in early 1800s"
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515:so noble, so extensive as this."
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971:Science and technology in Spain
267:), commonly referred to as the
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375:in northwest Spain sailing on
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873:. World Health Organization.
817:La Coruña: A progressive city
501:Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)
748:Clinical Infectious Diseases
449:, the expedition divided at
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548:Tarrago, Rafael E. (2001).
309:In 1798, English physician
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93:will aid in categorization.
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332:was a military physician.
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273:Francisco Javier de Balmis
68:Machine translation, like
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49:the corresponding article
176:November 30, 1803 – 1806
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938:. Spanish language
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362:Charles IV of Spain
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56:(May 2021)
51:in Spanish
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518:In 2006,
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293:Old World
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489:Macau
445:. In
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209:Cause
70:DeepL
910:ISSN
883:ISBN
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658:ISBN
633:2022
491:and
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