33:
147:
634:
91:). In an urban area, the extent of hard surfaces (roofs, roads) means that the rainfall is dumped immediately into the drainage system. If left unchecked, this will cause widespread flooding downstream. The function of a balancing lake is to contain this surge and release it slowly. Failure to do this, especially in older settlements without separate
214:
The South Basin is designed for recreational use, mainly dinghy sailing and wind surfing, with a circumference path and banks as described above. It is linked to the North (Wildlife) Basin and can be drawn on to manage the level of the latter more finely. The North Basin has a large, undisturbed,
115:
For aesthetic and safety reasons, the system can be designed so that there is a permanent lake. A lake with an equivalent area of 1,000 by 1,000 metres will hold a million cubic metres of water for each metre of depth. Typically such a lake would have an outer earth bank of 1 metre, then a leisure
107:
At its simplest, a balancing lake can be constructed by creating a dam across a drain or stream at a convenient valley, with a restricted diameter outlet pipe through the dam. Normal flows pass through the pipe without restriction, while heavy flows create a backup, causing water levels behind the
124:
A permanent lake can provide useful recreation facilities such as sailing, windsurfing, or of wildlife. Water sports and wildlife habitats do not mix well, though a scheme can have both in linked basins where the recreational basin fills first and the wildlife basin is only used in exceptional
196:, the largest of a number designed to do so. The lake has capacity for an additional level increase of 1.3 metres, equivalent to a once in 200 years event. Unlike most of the rest of the UK, the city has separate storm and foul sewers, so sewage pollution is not a significant problem.
136:
A basin that is intended for use by wildlife and for visual amenity needs to be relatively shallow for maximum plant life. It must be designed with the assumption that it will be invoked very rarely, especially during the nesting
246:
have become naturalised and they are permanent residents. Both basins have deep ponds to maintain the fish population during droughts. The lake is managed as a public open space, receiving up to a million visits each year.
111:
More advanced systems are computer-controlled such that the entire flow of a river can be diverted into a holding lake, perhaps to reduce the impact of a large scale rainstorm in the catchment on communities downriver.
199:
Additionally, there are facilities to prevent accidental oil spills and the like from reaching the lake. As well as local storm drains, the lake's primary purpose is to intercept the
947:
36:
Priorslee Lake in
Shropshire, England. Originally known locally as the Balancing Lake, it was created to manage water run-off from the roofs and streets of
299:
940:
1178:
1546:
215:
central island. The extensive shallows support a good crop of aquatic plants and invertebrates. Very quickly, it became a key wildfowl site.
160:
933:
271:
411:
129:
A recreational use facility can have relatively steep banks (perhaps with a footpath inside the bank next to the permanent lake for
2172:
833:
1703:
444:
2203:
2198:
2167:
1869:
1819:
1713:
2147:
906:
108:
dam to rise. Over the following few days, the level subsides. This is often enough for a small housing development.
1373:
2157:
2109:
1992:
360:
310:
32:
2142:
1859:
1824:
1666:
623:
336:
218:
In winter, it attracts up to 2,500 wild birds, with a wide variety of migrating waders in spring and autumn.
2152:
1844:
1609:
2094:
1952:
1503:
1388:
1932:
1779:
1741:
1190:
1129:
878:
578:
306:
2162:
1884:
1708:
1468:
1275:
1069:
802:
231:
133:
and safety). The water level can rise substantially without a significant increase in overall area.
2058:
2053:
1854:
1698:
1320:
1173:
1094:
1001:
843:
437:
146:
2193:
2084:
1997:
1962:
1814:
1330:
1235:
1139:
1031:
964:
886:
726:
558:
533:
513:
1804:
633:
300:"Milton Keynes Drainage Strategy – Development and Flood Risk: Supplementary Planning Guidance"
2063:
1902:
1894:
1834:
1794:
1683:
1498:
1260:
1250:
1036:
863:
797:
648:
538:
407:
337:"Park land: The diverse and thriving green spaces of Milton Keynes belie its bland reputation"
87:
soaks into the ground and is released relatively slowly into watercourses (ditches, streams,
1977:
1879:
1784:
1383:
1378:
1295:
1124:
996:
741:
508:
239:
204:
1982:
1942:
1937:
1728:
1541:
1428:
1423:
1207:
1144:
1114:
1079:
1074:
1041:
1006:
977:
736:
683:
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276:
235:
57:
374:
356:
2043:
1927:
1789:
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1026:
986:
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823:
807:
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583:
528:
430:
261:
96:
2187:
2124:
2119:
2104:
2089:
2038:
2033:
1799:
1764:
1718:
1678:
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1433:
1305:
1265:
1011:
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891:
838:
774:
693:
658:
227:
193:
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1864:
1849:
1839:
1688:
1619:
1488:
1453:
1368:
1310:
1185:
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1046:
1021:
901:
828:
663:
563:
493:
483:
341:
266:
243:
2023:
1947:
1651:
1614:
1561:
1285:
1270:
1245:
1119:
853:
703:
688:
673:
613:
518:
406:
Wetlands, Industry & Wildlife: A manual of principles and practices. (1994)
223:
219:
211:
that tends to get saturated easily, so field run-off has always been a problem.
208:
200:
154:
92:
2129:
1809:
1693:
1633:
1591:
1463:
1300:
1168:
1109:
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1016:
925:
868:
858:
759:
668:
653:
618:
593:
256:
189:
130:
17:
192:
balancing lakes in the UK. The lake is designed to take surface run-off from
175:
162:
2099:
2048:
2018:
1987:
1917:
1829:
1586:
1473:
1458:
1398:
1345:
1340:
1240:
1163:
1153:
1051:
848:
789:
769:
764:
721:
698:
603:
553:
548:
422:
37:
1769:
1736:
1413:
1255:
1222:
779:
608:
598:
573:
543:
523:
503:
473:
84:
2079:
2028:
1556:
1551:
1533:
1513:
1418:
1355:
1290:
1227:
873:
1874:
1746:
1571:
1566:
1518:
1508:
1478:
1403:
1158:
1089:
1061:
960:
731:
713:
457:
77:
73:
388:
1972:
1957:
1912:
1656:
1629:
1576:
1443:
1438:
1408:
1393:
1202:
972:
956:
751:
145:
88:
72:
is also used, though typically for smaller storage facilities for
65:
61:
31:
2002:
1967:
1523:
1483:
1448:
914:
488:
465:
453:
929:
426:
1922:
1363:
116:
path, then a 10 cm inner bank to the steady-state level.
150:
Willen Lake (north basin), with spill-way in the background
415:
391:. Milton Keynes Natural History Society. 11 May 2021.
2072:
2011:
1893:
1755:
1727:
1628:
1600:
1532:
1354:
1221:
1138:
1060:
971:
816:
788:
750:
712:
641:
464:
188:) is one of the largest (400,000 m) purpose-built
99:, can cause serious pollution as well as flooding.
941:
438:
8:
948:
934:
926:
445:
431:
423:
56:) is a term used in the U.K. describing a
1547:International scale of river difficulty
288:
294:
292:
142:Case study: Willen Lake, Milton Keynes
7:
272:Sustainable urban drainage systems
27:Element of flood management system
25:
416:The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
54:Sustainable urban drainage scheme
632:
1704:Flooded grasslands and savannas
1:
335:Brown, Paul (23 April 2003).
64:by temporarily storing flood
1870:Universal Soil Loss Equation
1820:Hydrological transport model
1714:Storm Water Management Model
377:. Milton Keynes Parks Trust.
83:In open countryside, heavy
2220:
1374:Antecedent drainage stream
309:. May 2004. Archived from
2138:
2110:River valley civilization
1993:Riparian-zone restoration
630:
361:Milton Keynes Parks Trust
207:. The catchment area is
2173:Countries without rivers
2148:Rivers by discharge rate
1860:Runoff model (reservoir)
1825:Infiltration (hydrology)
624:Waste stabilization pond
1845:River Continuum Concept
1610:Agricultural wastewater
2168:River name etymologies
2095:Hydraulic civilization
1953:Floodplain restoration
1729:Point source pollution
1504:Sedimentary structures
151:
41:
2204:Stormwater management
2199:Hydraulic engineering
1780:Discharge (hydrology)
1742:Industrial wastewater
1223:Sedimentary processes
579:Salt evaporation pond
307:Milton Keynes Council
203:, a tributary of the
149:
35:
1885:Volumetric flow rate
1469:Riffle-pool sequence
834:Big fish–little pond
803:Freshwater ecosystem
737:Puddles on a surface
232:little ringed plover
176:52.05694°N 0.71944°W
2059:Whitewater kayaking
2054:Whitewater canoeing
1855:Runoff curve number
1699:Flood pulse concept
844:Constructed wetland
375:"Willen Lake Nouth"
357:"Willen Lake South"
172: /
2085:Aquatic toxicology
1998:Stream restoration
1963:Infiltration basin
1815:Hydrological model
1331:Sediment transport
1154:Estavelle/Inversac
1032:Subterranean river
727:Coffee ring effect
534:Infiltration basin
514:Facultative lagoon
418:, UK). Chapter 15.
316:on 23 October 2021
181:52.05694; -0.71944
152:
42:
2181:
2180:
2158:Whitewater rivers
2064:Whitewater slalom
1895:River engineering
1795:Groundwater model
1756:River measurement
1684:Flood forecasting
1499:Sedimentary basin
1356:Fluvial landforms
1261:Bed material load
1037:River bifurcation
923:
922:
864:Pond of Abundance
798:Aquatic ecosystem
16:(Redirected from
2211:
2143:Rivers by length
1978:River morphology
1880:Wetted perimeter
1785:Drainage density
1296:Headward erosion
1125:Perennial stream
997:Blackwater river
950:
943:
936:
927:
636:
509:Evaporation pond
447:
440:
433:
424:
393:
392:
385:
379:
378:
371:
365:
364:
353:
347:
346:
332:
326:
325:
323:
321:
315:
304:
296:
240:northern lapwing
205:river Great Ouse
187:
186:
184:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
60:used to control
21:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2153:Drainage basins
2134:
2068:
2007:
1983:Retention basin
1943:Erosion control
1938:Detention basin
1889:
1805:Hjulström curve
1757:
1751:
1723:
1667:Non-water flood
1624:
1596:
1542:Helicoidal flow
1528:
1429:Fluvial terrace
1424:Floating island
1350:
1225:
1217:
1208:Rhythmic spring
1142:
1134:
1115:Stream gradient
1056:
1042:River ecosystem
1007:Channel pattern
975:
967:
954:
924:
919:
812:
784:
746:
708:
684:Spent fuel pool
679:Reflecting pool
649:Anchialine pool
637:
628:
460:
451:
421:
402:
400:Further reading
397:
396:
387:
386:
382:
373:
372:
368:
355:
354:
350:
334:
333:
329:
319:
317:
313:
302:
298:
297:
290:
285:
277:Retention basin
253:
236:common redshank
180:
178:
174:
171:
166:
163:
161:
159:
158:
144:
122:
105:
58:retention basin
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Stone skipping
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Drop structure
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1908:Balancing lake
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:Playfair's law
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Exner equation
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Bradshaw model
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1662:Urban flooding
1654:
1649:
1647:Crevasse splay
1644:
1642:100-year flood
1638:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1602:Surface runoff
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1582:Stream capture
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Rock-cut basin
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1336:Suspended load
1333:
1328:
1326:Secondary flow
1323:
1318:
1316:Retrogradation
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:Dissolved load
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1213:Spring horizon
1210:
1205:
1200:
1198:Mineral spring
1195:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:list in the US
1176:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1105:Stream channel
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1027:Drainage basin
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
987:Alluvial river
983:
981:
969:
968:
955:
953:
952:
945:
938:
930:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
904:
899:
897:Water aeration
894:
889:
884:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:Aerated lagoon
820:
818:
814:
813:
811:
810:
808:Lake ecosystem
805:
800:
794:
792:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
645:
643:
639:
638:
631:
629:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
569:Retention pond
566:
561:
559:Polishing pond
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
529:Immersion pond
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
499:Detention pond
496:
491:
486:
481:
479:Balancing lake
476:
470:
468:
462:
461:
452:
450:
449:
442:
435:
427:
420:
419:
403:
401:
398:
395:
394:
380:
366:
348:
327:
287:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
274:
269:
264:
262:Surface runoff
259:
252:
249:
143:
140:
139:
138:
134:
121:
120:Other benefits
118:
104:
101:
70:balancing pond
46:balancing lake
26:
24:
18:Balancing pond
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2216:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Surface water
2123:
2121:
2120:Sacred waters
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Riparian zone
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Body of water
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Riverboarding
2037:
2035:
2034:River surfing
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:and modelling
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1719:Return period
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Flood control
1677:
1675:
1674:Flood barrier
1672:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
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1306:Palaeochannel
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1266:Granular flow
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1012:Channel types
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992:Braided river
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839:Body of water
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775:Goldfish pond
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584:Sediment pond
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456:, pools, and
455:
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413:
412:0-900806-18-4
409:
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390:
389:"Willen Lake"
384:
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194:Milton Keynes
191:
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68:. The term
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2163:Flash floods
2115:River cruise
2012:River sports
1907:
1865:Stream gauge
1850:Rouse number
1840:Relief ratio
1689:Flood-meadow
1620:Urban runoff
1534:Fluvial flow
1519:River valley
1489:River island
1454:Meander scar
1369:Alluvial fan
1311:Progradation
1186:Karst spring
1130:Winterbourne
1085:Chalk stream
1047:River source
1022:Distributary
908:Water Lilies
907:
902:Water garden
882:(M C Escher)
879:
829:Bakki shower
664:Natural pool
564:Raceway pond
494:Cooling pond
484:Ballast pond
478:
383:
369:
351:
342:The Guardian
340:
330:
318:. Retrieved
311:the original
267:Urban runoff
244:Canada geese
217:
213:
198:
153:
125:conditions.
123:
114:
110:
106:
93:storm sewers
82:
69:
53:
49:
45:
43:
29:
2024:Fly fishing
1948:Fish ladder
1933:Daylighting
1652:Flash flood
1615:First flush
1562:Plunge pool
1286:Downcutting
1271:Debris flow
1246:Aggradation
1120:Stream pool
854:Hydric soil
742:Seep puddle
704:Vernal pool
689:Stream pool
674:Plunge pool
539:Kettle pond
519:Garden pond
224:tufted duck
220:Common tern
209:Oxford Clay
201:river Ouzel
179: /
155:Willen Lake
103:Engineering
97:foul sewers
50:flood basin
2188:Categories
2130:Wild river
1810:Hydrograph
1800:Hack's law
1765:Baer's law
1709:Inundation
1694:Floodplain
1634:stormwater
1592:Whitewater
1464:Oxbow lake
1301:Knickpoint
1276:Deposition
1169:Hot spring
1110:Streamflow
1100:Stream bed
1017:Confluence
869:Pond liner
859:Phytotelma
790:Ecosystems
760:Beaver dam
669:Ocean pool
654:Brine pool
619:Waste pond
594:Solar pond
283:References
257:Stormwater
190:stormwater
164:52°03′25″N
131:aesthetics
2194:Hydrology
2100:Limnology
2049:Triathlon
2019:Canyoning
1988:Revetment
1918:Check dam
1830:Main stem
1587:Waterfall
1474:Point bar
1459:Mouth bar
1399:Billabong
1346:Water gap
1341:Wash load
1321:Saltation
1241:Anabranch
1164:Holy well
1052:Tributary
849:Full pond
770:Fish pond
765:Duck pond
722:Bird bath
699:Tide pool
604:Stew pond
554:Mill pond
549:Melt pond
167:0°43′10″W
38:Priorslee
1903:Aqueduct
1770:Baseflow
1737:Effluent
1414:Cut bank
1379:Avulsion
1256:Bed load
1236:Abrasion
780:Koi pond
609:Tailings
599:Stepwell
574:Sag pond
544:Log pond
524:Ice pond
504:Dew pond
474:Ash pond
251:See also
85:rainfall
62:flooding
2080:Aquifer
2073:Related
2029:Rafting
1557:Meander
1552:Log jam
1514:Thalweg
1419:Estuary
1291:Erosion
1228:erosion
1140:Springs
1095:Current
1062:Streams
1002:Channel
965:springs
961:streams
910:(Monet)
874:Ponding
817:Related
714:Puddles
458:puddles
320:11 June
137:season.
74:streams
1875:WAFLEX
1747:Sewage
1630:Floods
1572:Riffle
1567:Rapids
1509:Strath
1479:Ravine
1404:Canyon
1159:Geyser
1090:Coulee
1075:Bourne
1070:Arroyo
973:Rivers
957:Rivers
887:Spring
880:Puddle
732:Puddle
410:
228:ringed
89:rivers
78:brooks
66:waters
48:(also
1973:Levee
1958:Flume
1913:Canal
1657:Flood
1577:Shoal
1444:Gully
1439:Gulch
1409:Chine
1394:Bayou
1251:Armor
1203:Ponor
978:lists
752:Biome
642:Pools
466:Ponds
454:Ponds
314:(PDF)
303:(PDF)
2003:Weir
1968:Leat
1632:and
1524:Wadi
1484:Rill
1449:Glen
1434:Gill
1384:Bank
1226:and
1191:list
1174:list
1145:list
1080:Burn
963:and
915:Well
614:Tarn
489:Beel
408:ISBN
322:2021
238:and
230:and
95:and
76:and
1923:Dam
1389:Bar
1364:Ait
242:.
52:or
2190::
959:,
359:.
339:.
305:.
291:^
234:,
226:,
222:,
80:.
44:A
1147:)
1143:(
980:)
976:(
949:e
942:t
935:v
446:e
439:t
432:v
414:(
363:.
345:.
324:.
157:(
40:.
20:)
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