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Such canopies might be made of anything from muslin to heavy brocade, or even constructed of less flexible materials, and are supported by poles, whether affixed to a carriage, or carried by people walking on each side. An
Egyptian pharaoh, for example, was escorted both in life and in death by such
310:
The state bed, intended for receiving important visitors and producing heirs before a select public, but not intended for sleeping in, evolved during the second half of the seventeenth century, developing the medieval tradition of receiving visitors in the bedroom, which had become the last and most
150:
is a simpler cloth hanging vertically behind the throne, usually continuing to form a canopy. It can also be used for similar canopies in interior design, for example above beds, and for processional canopies used in formal state ceremonies such as coronations, held up by four or more men with poles
398:. It was probably sold during a government modernisation, somehow appeared in an auction in Northamptonshire, and was bought for a family for £100 in the 1960s. They used it for thirty years, recognising that it was important but not knowing where it came from until an interiors expert at the
462:. The lowest parts of the four columns of Bernini's Baldachin have a helical groove, and the middle and upper sections of the columns are covered in olive and bay branches, which are populated with a myriad of bees and small putti. Pope Urban VIII's family coat of arms, those of the
342:, as the centrepiece of a new decor realised for the Queen in 1730–35. Its tester is quickly recognisable as a baldachin, serving its time-honoured function; the bedding might easily be replaced by a gilded throne. The queens of France spent a great deal of time in their
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202:. The cloth above a seat generally continued vertically down to the ground behind the seat. Emperors and kings, reigning dukes and bishops were accorded this honour. In a 15th-century manuscript illumination the sovereign Grand Master of the
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published an appeal to try to find it. The bed was bought back from the family and returned to
Speaker's House after restoration and with new hangings. It can be viewed during tours of the Speaker's House.
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688:
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The surname
Baldacchino comes from the artisans who used to make the Baldachin. The surname is found mainly in the islands of Malta and Sicily, particularly in Agrigento and Naro.
531:, the ruler of Spain from 1939 to 1975, frequently walked under a baldachin after formally proclaiming Spain a monarchy—a privilege he appropriated as de facto regent for life.
798:
The hangings were rewoven for Marie
Antoinette. The present hangings, made at Lyon by the same firm that delivered the originals, replicate the hangings as they were in 1787.
443:. The canopy imitated cloth in bronze, as did many subsequent imitations. This famous and spectacular feature is generally called the "Baldacchino", though strictly it is a
584:
709:
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206:
in Rhodes sits in state to receive a presentation copy of the author's book. His seat is raised on a carpet-covered dais and backed with a richly embroidered
198:
was hung above the seat of a personage of sufficient standing, as a symbol of authority. The seat under such a canopy of state would normally be raised on a
321:
to which only a handful of his court élite might expect to be invited. The other monarchs of Europe soon imitated his practice; even his staunchest enemy,
146:
when it is sufficiently architectural in form. Baldachins are often supported on columns, especially when they are disconnected from an enclosing wall. A
538:
the sculptures of Virgin Mary, shown as Queen of Sorrow, use to go on their floats under canopies with embroideries Madr with gold or silver yarn
228:
in particular is very often shown sitting under a cloth of honour in medieval and
Renaissance paintings where she is shown enthroned with saints.
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646:
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was the last monarch to sleep in the bed. The original state bed was damaged in a fire and replaced in 1859. The new bed remained in the
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1057:
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and granted private audiences. By the time Marie
Antoinette escaped the mob from this bedroom, such state beds, with the elaborate
1076:
370:, Yorkshire, in 1773 are two of the last English state beds intended for a main floor State Bedroom in a non-royal residence.
1091:
731:
563:
The Grand Master of the
Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet.
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638:
517:
perhaps as early as the late seventh century BC, but relegated to the use of women by the late fifth century (compare
435:
to design and construct a large structure that would be placed over the main altar, believed to be above the tomb of
399:
279:, the cloth continues over the seat, and then to the floor. In the summer of 1520, a meeting was staged between
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412:
68:
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748:
444:
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220:. The King of France was also covered by a mobile canopy during his coronation, held up on poles by several
143:
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inspired by columns that ringed the altar of the Old St. Peter's. These columns were originally donated by
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958:
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they embodied, were already falling out of use. A state bed with a domed tester designed in 1775–76 by
330:
214:). Under his feet is a cushion, such as protected the feet of the King of France when he presided at a
509:
of the individual it covers. The origins of such an emblematic use in Europe lay in the courts of the
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until the 1940s, when it was moved out as too opulent to be there during the difficult times of the
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in 1247. The word for the cloth became the word for the ceremonial canopies made from the cloth.
391:
247:
in her portrait by an anonymous artist, c. 1500 prays under a canopy of estate; one can see the
840:
1086:
451:
221:
179:
1000:
M. C. Miller, "The
Parasol: An Oriental Status-Symbol in Late Archaic and Classical Athens,"
231:
The cloth was often simply a luxurious textile, often imported and with rich patterns, as in
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528:
395:
317:
111:
83:
334:—its canopy supported without visible posts—was delivered for the use of Queen
901:
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287:, where the ostentatious display of wealth and power earned the meeting-place the name of
52:
263:
are of
England (parted as usual with France) and the portcullis badge of the Beauforts.
130:. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent
808:
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988:"St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican | History, description, useful information"
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Annabel
Westman and Aasha Tyrrell, "The Restoration of the Harewood State Bed" (
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73:
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954:"Vatican unveils plans for restoring Bernini's canopy in St. Peter's Basilica"
934:"Vatican unveils plans for restoring Bernini's canopy in St. Peter's Basilica"
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against the gilded leather wall-covering and the tester above her head (the
139:
162:, from which name the word is ultimately derived, appearing in English as "
17:
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272:
Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good
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Seventeenth-Century Interior Decoration in England, France and Holland
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A cloth of honour held over the Virgin by angels, in an altarpiece by
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at its centre) supported on cords from the ceiling. The coats-of-arms
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family, with their signature bees, are at the base of every column.
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private room of the standard suite of rooms in a Baroque apartment.
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the night before their coronation. This tradition was started by
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developed the rituals of receptions in his state bedchamber, the
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46:
1061:
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A baldachin may also be used in formal processions, including
458:, and a false tradition asserts they are the columns from the
578:, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500
469:
All of these combine to create a feeling of upward movement.
346:, where they received the ladies of the court at the morning
613:
features the centrally-placed state bed delivered for Queen
867:, 1987, Yale University Press (Yale/Penguin History of Art)
450:
Bernini's design for the Baldacchino incorporated giant
293:. The canopy of estate may still be seen in most formal
325:, had his "grooms of the bedchamber", a signal honour.
27:
Cloth of honour above a throne associated with monarchs
56:
Marie Antoinette's bed, which has a baldachin, in the
142:, where such a structure is more correctly called a
30:"Baldacchino" redirects here. For the surname, see
1042:. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
378:In Britain, monarchs slept in a state bed in the
916:"The family that bought the King's bed for £100"
878:Authentic Decor: the Domestic Interior 1620–1920
158:" was originally a luxurious type of cloth from
974:"St. Peter's - Papal Altar & Baldacchino"
8:
424:'s "Baldacchino" in St Peter's, Vatican City
865:The Art and Architecture of Islam: 650-1250
362:and another domed state bed, delivered by
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775:
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386:in 1066 and continued until 1821, when
811:asked in a private letter "what would
151:attached to the corners of the cloth.
7:
789:, whence fine silks reached Europe.
194:(or "estate"), cloth of honour, or
25:
914:Whannel, Kate (30 January 2023).
884:, (New Haven & London, 1981).
734:during the enthronement rites at
700:in the former royal residence of
485:by King Louis XII of France into
1036:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1033:"Baldachinum of the Altar"
1002:The Journal of Hellenic Studies,
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1030:Peterson, John Bertram (1907).
715:Our Lady of Hope under canopy.
190:In the Middle Ages, a hieratic
732:Our Lady of La Naval de Manila
489:, after a siege. Miniature by
41:Drawing of a baldachin over a
1:
863:Richard Ettinghausen et al.,
785:is a medieval Latin form for
536:Spanish Holy Week processions
1058:King René's Tournament Book
639:Cardinal Alessandro Farnese
505:or funeral processions, to
366:for Sir Edwin Lascelles at
134:feature, particularly over
1108:
1019:"baldachin (architecture)"
841:"Baldachin | architecture"
410:
400:Victoria and Albert Museum
290:The Field of Cloth of Gold
176:de preciosissimo baldekino
29:
819:decorated by a milliner?"
122:typically placed over an
675:in the Hall of State of
507:signify the elite status
406:
76:with cloth of honour by
1023:Encyclopœdia Britannica
845:Encyclopedia Britannica
671:Baldachin covering the
166:" and other spellings.
1077:Architectural elements
807:Of this grandiose bed
717:Holy Week in Salamanca
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323:William III of England
268:presentation miniature
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1039:Catholic Encyclopedia
959:Associated Press News
939:Associated Press News
880:, (London, 1985) and
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413:St. Peter's baldachin
384:William the Conqueror
380:Palace of Westminster
285:Henry VIII of England
277:Rogier van der Weyden
266:Sometimes, as in the
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71:
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40:
32:Baldacchino (surname)
736:Santo Domingo Church
525:a canopy of estate.
441:St. Peter's Basilica
433:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
407:St. Peter's Basilica
172:Henry III of England
990:. 27 November 2016.
876:Peter K. Thornton,
631:Francis I of France
611:Chambre de la Reine
542:Surname Baldacchino
473:Processional canopy
460:Temple of Jerusalem
281:Francis I of France
204:Knights Hospitaller
178:" at a ceremony at
89:Louis XIV of France
1054:Burgundian example
1004:112 (1992) 91-105.
962:. 11 January 2024.
942:. 11 January 2024.
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257:embroidered
226:Virgin Mary
136:high altars
116:baldacchino
74:Virgin Mary
18:Baldacchino
1071:Categories
850:2020-08-12
827:References
754:Monopteros
607:Versailles
503:coronation
340:Versailles
306:Ceremonial
253:Tudor rose
140:cathedrals
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72:Enthroned
62:Versailles
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493:, c. 1508
464:Barberini
388:George IV
374:For sleep
352:etiquette
313:Louis XIV
301:State bed
245:Henry VII
210:(French,
156:Baldachin
108:baldaquin
104:baldachin
64:, France)
1087:Textiles
920:BBC News
898:Archived
759:Aedicule
749:Ciborium
743:See also
656:above a
445:ciborium
261:tapestry
233:brocades
164:baudekin
144:ciborium
118:), is a
895:on-line
787:Baghdad
719:, Spain
550:Gallery
519:parasol
422:Bernini
344:chambre
160:Baghdad
112:Italian
783:Baldac
764:Gazebo
681:Sweden
658:daybed
637:, and
609:, the
515:Athens
249:dosser
208:dosser
128:throne
110:(from
43:throne
770:Notes
629:King
487:Genoa
348:lever
222:peers
124:altar
106:, or
817:dome
283:and
200:dais
47:dais
1062:BnF
605:At
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521:).
338:at
275:by
212:dos
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126:or
1073::
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60:(
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20:)
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