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The hearing continued and Capra's position was further weakened when he refused to demonstrate to the tribunal how the compass was used. The rectors found him guilty and ordered that all copies of his book were to be destroyed, though some had already been sent outside the
Republic of Venice. Galileo published their verdict in his favour, as well as a tract entitled
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he accused Mayr of having translated his instructions on the compass into Latin and then having them printed using Capra's name. After the hearing Capra left Padua and returned to Milan where he continued to teach the use of the compass. His disgrace was apparently not forgotten however, as in 1620
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Galileo did not respond to this provocation, but he scribbled marginal notes in his copy of it with terms such as "bue" ("ox") and "coglione" ("balls"), deriding him for his ignorance of both
Italian and of Latin. Then, concealing his identity behind the pseudonym 'Cecco di Ronchitti', he responded
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In the face of this, Capra stated that he was willing to apologise for his unfounded allegation of plagiarism by publishing a book in which he would acknowledge the offence caused to
Galileo. Galileo refused however, wanting to give the widest possible publicity to Capra's eventual condemnation.
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philosophers of Padua, who held the
Aristotelian view that the sphere of the stars was unchangeable. Capra was offended by Galileo's failure to acknowledge him as the person who had discovered the star, and, encouraged by Mayr, in 1605 he published a pamphlet attacking Galileo's position, entitled
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Capra dedicated the work to
Cornaro and used it to claim that he had invented the proportional compass himself. Galileo had successfully defended himself against a previous charge of plagiarism fought against him in 1602 by a Flemish mathematician, so he could not afford to take Capra’s claims
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worked – although
Galileo had not invented the instrument, he had made it much easier to use and had devised new applications for it. In 1605 the Capras had borrowed a Galilean compass for a time from their friend Giacomo Alvise Cornaro, and they spent time at the workshop of
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During the hearing, Galileo was able to demonstrate not only that he had not copied Capra’s work, but that Capra had copied his work, and where he had introduced original material of his own, he had introduced errors. The testimony of
Galileo’s friend
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with his son so that he could study medicine, astronomy and mathematics. To support them, Marco
Aurelio gave fencing lessons. One of his students was Galileo himself, introduced by their mutual acquaintance Giacomo Alvise Cornaro.
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The son of count Marco
Aurelio Capra and Ippolita Dalla Croce, Baldassarre came from a family of the ancient nobility but somewhat reduced circumstances. His father was an amateur doctor, and in 1594 he moved to
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Capra’s second confrontation with
Galileo was sufficiently serious for Galileo to decide he needed to confront it openly. In 1602 Capra and his father had asked Galileo to let them observe how his
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Usus et fabrica circini cuiusdam proportionis, per quem omnia fere tum Euclidis, tum mathematicorum omnium problemata facile negotio resolvitur
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163:, the craftsman who made Galileo’s instruments for him. By these means they were able to learn how the compass was made.
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Galileo apparently believed that it had been Simon Mayr who had instigated Capra's false claim, and in his great work
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Consideratione astronomica circa la nova et portentosa Stella che nell'anno 1604 a dì 10 ottobre apparse.
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was crucial to the hearing, and he declared that Galileo had given him a compass as early as 1597.
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In three public lectures, Galileo used the discovery of the new star to challenge the ideas of the
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lightly. He therefore asked for the matter to be adjudicated by the rectors of the university.
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he was refused admission into the city's College of Medicine due to the efforts of
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Il vuoto e la quiete. Scienza e mistica nel '600: Elena Cornaro e Carlo Rinaldini
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Dialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella Nuova
210:, who energetically opposed him because of his behavior toward Galileo.
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Among his conclusions, Capra noted that in 1572 a similar new star (
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26:, 1580 − Milan, 8 May 1626) was an Italian scientist who disputed
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196:(Venice, 1607), which showed how Capra's accusations were false.
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76:, who had written to Galileo about his important discovery.
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Difesa contro alle calunnie et imposture di Baldessar Capra
392:, vol. 19, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1976
72:) which had been seen for the first time by the friar
172:Le operazioni del compasso geometrico et militare.
166:In 1607 Baldassarre Capra published the tract
128:(Padua, 1605) in a caustic pamphlet entitled
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30:'s claim to priority of the discovery of
388:Giuliano Gliozzi, "Capra, Baldassarre",
85:Dialogo in perpuosito de la stella Nuova
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243:. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
34:and also claimed to have invented the
265:, Milano, Franco Angeli, 2005, p. 27.
150:Plagiarism accusation against Galileo
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390:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
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104:) had appeared in the constellation
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370:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
126:Discorso intorno alla Nuova Stella
38:, accusing Galileo of plagiarism.
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421:17th-century Italian astronomers
365:"Capra, Baldassar or Baldksar"
312:"Biblioteca del Congresso USA"
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373:. Vol. III. New York:
363:Tabarroni, Giorgio (1971).
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383:Amici e nemici di Galileo
287:Amici e nemici di Galileo
275:Unione Astrofili Italiani
134:, written in the ancient
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385:, Milano, Bompiani, 1945
338:G. Abetti, cit., p. 101.
83:Title page of Galileo's
375:Charles Scribner's Sons
161:Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni
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406:Scientists from Milan
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237:"Capra, Baldassarre"
156:proportional compass
36:proportional compass
235:Gliozzi, Giuliano.
60:In Padua Capra met
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70:Kepler's supernova
56:Kepler's Supernova
32:Kepler's Supernova
377:. pp. 59–61.
261:Clelia Pighetti,
144:"dialetto pavano"
124:and his pamphlet
122:Antonio Lorenzini
102:Tycho's supernova
20:Baldassarre Capra
16:Italian scientist
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110:Jesus Christ
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416:1626 deaths
411:1580 births
285:G. Abetti,
202:The Assayer
186:Paolo Sarpi
179:The hearing
114:fixed stars
93:Peripatetic
66:Tycho Brahe
400:Categories
214:References
106:Cassiopeia
62:Simon Mayr
42:Early life
142:(called
327:op. cit
300:op. cit
136:dialect
87:(1605)
140:Padua
49:Padua
24:Milan
249:2018
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120:to
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