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and capitalists who lend. There are, moreover, reasons of a different order, to which I have already referred, which increase the distaste with which His
Majesty's Government adopt so fundamental an alteration in method of dealing with loans to allies. The economic ills from which the world is suffering are due to many causes, moral and material, which are quite outside the scope of this despatch. But among them must certainly be reckoned the weight of international indebtedness, with all its unhappy effects upon credit and exchange, upon national production and international trade. The peoples of all countries long for a speedy return to the normal. But how can the normal be reached while conditions so abnormal are permitted to prevail? And how can these conditions be cured by any remedies that seem at present likely to be applied?
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not for ourselves. The food, the raw materials, the munitions required for the immense naval and military efforts of Great
Britain, and half the ÂŁ2,000,000,000 advanced to allies, were provided, not by means of foreign loans, but by internal borrowing and war taxation. Unfortunately a similar policy was beyond the power of other European nations. Appeal was therefore made to the Government of the United States; and under the arrangement then arrived at the United States insisted, in substance if not in form, that, though our allies were to spend the money, it was only on our security that they were prepared to lend it. This co-operative effort was of infinite value to the common cause, but it cannot be said that the role assigned in it to this country was one of special privilege or advantage.
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convert it from an unfunded debt to a funded debt, and to repay it by a sinking fund in 25 years." Balfour pointed out the interconnectedness of the combined debts, and suggested that if Great
Britain were to repay their "undoubted obligations as a debtor" to the Americans, it would thereby be necessary to enforce her "not less undoubted rights as a creditor". Balfour suggested that the British government was prepared, through an international settlement, to remit (cancel) all debts due to Britain by the Allies along with the reparations owed by Germany, presuming that their obligations to America were also adjusted. Balfour also said:
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Balfour pointed out that so far the
British had not asked the Allies for either the payment of interest or the repayment of capital on the debts owed by them to Britain. However, "the American Government have required this country to pay the interest accrued since 1919 on the Anglo-American debt, to
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In no circumstances do we propose to ask more from our debtors than is necessary to pay to our creditors. And, while we do not ask for more, all will admit that we can hardly be content with less. For it should not be forgotten, though it sometimes is, that our liabilities were incurred for others,
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To generous minds it can never be agreeable, although, for reasons of State, it may perhaps be necessary, to regard the monetary aspect of this great event as a thing apart, to be torn from its historical setting and treated as no more than an ordinary commercial dealing between traders who borrow
151:, said the Note was "dangerously near to an attempt at repudiation...The insistence of the British on the theory that our loans to them were made in order to help their allies is about as irritating a piece of nonsense as has been pulled in the whole discussion about inter-governmental debts".
95:. Britain owed America about ÂŁ850 million, while the total war debts and reparations owed to Britain were nearly four times that figure, including ÂŁ1.45 billion from Germany, ÂŁ650 million from Russia, and ÂŁ1.3 billion from its allies.
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Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918-1941: The Golden Age of American Diplomatic and Military Complacency
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Arthur
Balfour acted as British Foreign Secretary during the summer of 1922 as the official Foreign Secretary,
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Britain, America and the War Debt
Controversy: The Economic Diplomacy of an Unspecial Relationship, 1917-1941
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The Note was viewed negatively by the
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248:"Lord Balfour's Note on Inter-Allied Debts, Federal Reserve Bulletin, Sept 1922"
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Arthur James
Balfour, First Earl of Balfour, K.G., O.M., F.R.S., Etc. 1906-1930
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The Unknown Prime Minister. The Life and Times of Andrew Bonar Law 1858-1923
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The Note was "universally condemned in the United States". The
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32:of 1 August 1922, signed by
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83:Background
53:Yugoslavia
36:'s acting
24:, was ill.
89:Great War
123:Reaction
99:Contents
61:Portugal
57:Romania
34:Britain
93:Allies
65:Greece
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251:(PDF)
155:Notes
49:Italy
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