31:
75:
50:
373:. The juvenile fish are coloured to match their habitat and vary in from light green to dark green, with some being described as bright emerald green. The adults are more variable in colour, as they can either be dark green or reddish brown but are marked all over with numerous white spots. It can grow to 65.9 cm (25.9 in) in
437:. All ballan wrasses are female for their first four to 14 years before a few change into males. Large fish of the species are almost certainly male. The thick lips and sharp front teeth of the ballan wrasse are an adaptation for extracting shellfish from rocks. These are supplemented by powerful
360:
The ballan wrasse is a large, heavy bodied wrasse with a relatively deep body and large head. It has a smallish mouth which is surrounded by thick, fleshy, rather wrinkled lips, and the jaws are armed with a single row of robust teeth which are sharp and pointed in young fish but blunter and more
1003:
Skiftesvik, Anne Berit; Blom, Geir; Agnalt, Ann-Lisbeth; Durif, Caroline M.F.; Browman, Howard I.; Bjelland, Reidun M.; Harkestad, Lisbeth S.; Farestveit, Eva; Paulsen, Ole Ingar; Fauske, Merete; Havelin, Trond; Johnsen, Knut; Mortensen, Stein (2014-03-16).
445:
and their diet includes hard-shelled crabs and small lobsters. They will swim into shallower water so that they can prey on the shellfish which cling to underwater cliff faces and inshore rocks. They will also inhabit areas with good covering of
513:
As with many farmed marine species, commercial larval rearing utilises live prey before transitioning to dry feeds after metamorphosis is complete. The majority of the industry currently uses enriched rotifers and
Artemia, but copepod nauplii
380:
Ballan wrasse are classic labriform swimmers, primarily swimming with their pectoral fins and utilising burst and glide swimming strategies for greater speed, though they struggle with sustained swimming.
1053:
Malzahn, Arne M.; Ribičić, Deni; Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Sarno, Antonio; Kjørsvik, Elin; Aase, Anna Sigrid
Norberg; Musialak, Luciana Alves; García-Calvo, Laura; Hagemann, Andreas (December 2022).
377:(though most do not exceed 50 cm (20 in) standard length), and the greatest recorded weight of this species is 4.4 kg (9.7 lb). Ballan wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites.
30:
450:
and other seaweeds. The male builds a nest of algae in a crevice in the rocks in which one or more females lay eggs. The male defends the nest until the eggs hatch into
340:—all fish start life as females, and some dominant fish later become males. It is used as a food fish in some areas and it is also finding use as a cleaner fish in the
1261:
1313:
811:"Allometric growth and development of organs in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767) larvae in relation to different live prey diets and growth rates"
1419:
478:, a county in the west of Ireland. However, it is not highly regarded as a food fish in much of the UK and Ireland. In recent years, it has become a popular
1235:
1274:
1439:
1339:
744:"The impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on the swimming performance and welfare of ballan wrasse ( Labrus bergylta Ascanius , 1767 )"
810:
1055:"First feed matters: The first diet of larval fish programmes growth, survival, and metabolism of larval ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)"
1209:
653:
890:
874:
237:
1378:
978:
1434:
939:"Sustainable production and use of cleaner fish for the biological control of sea lice: recent advances and current challenges"
614:
1429:
441:
which are placed further back in the throat and which can break up shells to access flesh inside. This species also feeds on
1279:
1300:
259:
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Brooker, Adam J; Papadopoulou, Athina; Gutierrez, Carolina; Rey, Sonia; Davie, Andrew; Migaud, Herve (September 2018).
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1318:
337:
248:
207:
74:
506:, with 3,317,000 fish used in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout sea pens in 2020 in Norway alone. Along with
1396:
510:, this species is farmed for this purpose as there were concerns regarding overharvest of wild populations.
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David Erwin, Bernard Picton, "Guide to
Inshore Marine Life" The Marine Conservation Society 1987
507:
194:
69:
1006:"Wrasse (Labridae) as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture – The Hardangerfjord as a case study"
809:
Gagnat, Maren
Ranheim; Wold, Per-Arvid; Bardal, Tora; Øie, Gunvor; Kjørsvik, Elin (2016-09-15).
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which has 18–21 spines in its anterior portion and 9–13 branched rays in the rear part. The
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is markedly shorter and has three spines. It has large scales with 41–47 of them in the
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185:
116:
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They can be found at depths from 1 to 50 m (3.3 to 164.0 ft) amongst rocks,
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but these are regarded as questionable and may be misidentifications of the
86:
852:
742:
Gaffney, Katie; Burgerhout, Erik; Espmark, Åsa; Lein, Ingrid (2024-02-13).
701:
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Wainwright, Peter C.; Bellwood, David R.; Westneat, Mark W. (2002-09-01).
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905:. The Research Council of Norway. 2010-04-23 – via ScienceDaily.
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329:
146:
136:
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1104:
336:, where it inhabits rocky areas. Like many wrasse species, it is a
1365:
434:
498:
This fish is one of 5 key species used as cleaner fish to remove
389:
Ballan wrasse are native to the northeastern
Atlantic Ocean from
1344:
447:
1201:
1108:
550:
548:
546:
669:
O. E. D. Ager (2008). H. Tyler-Walters; K. Hiscock (eds.).
646:
The Pocket Guide to Salt Water Fishes of
Britain and Europe
903:"New approach to combating sea lice: Wrasse to the rescue"
681:. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
1117:
490:, particularly those employing soft plastic lures.
474:off the north-eastern coast of Scotland, and in
702:"Ecomorphology of Locomotion in Labrid Fishes"
580:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T187398A8525211.en
470:This species is popular as a food fish in the
917:"Western Isles salmon farm in wrasse 'first'"
8:
526:) are becoming more common as alternatives.
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605:
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29:
20:
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842:
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529:This species can also be found in the
932:
930:
785:. BritishSeaFishing. 23 November 2013
777:
775:
773:
613:; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (August 2019).
7:
1397:9C711763-E980-46F6-97B5-3E78F1DF235F
1371:AFC8187D-850C-7A22-F609-2591C5FBCA51
804:
802:
800:
737:
735:
457:Ballan wrasse do not have stomachs.
1420:IUCN Red List least concern species
566:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
502:from Norwegian and Scottish farmed
361:worn in older fish. It has a long
14:
1071:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738586
979:"Akvakulturstatistikk: rensefisk"
73:
706:Environmental Biology of Fishes
679:Marine Life Information Network
648:. Parkgate Books. p. 117.
1:
409:. There are records from the
332:. It is found in the eastern
1440:Taxa named by Peter Ascanius
1022:10.1080/17451000.2013.810760
454:larvae after a week or two.
397:, including the islands of
1456:
352:) in northwestern Europe.
338:protogynous hermaphrodite
317:) is a species of marine
267:Crenilabrus multidentatus
200:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
520:) and barnacle nauplii (
1010:Marine Biology Research
748:Journal of Fish Biology
718:10.1023/A:1019671131001
1435:Fish described in 1767
867:North Atlantic Seafood
523:Semibalanus balanoides
1430:Fish of the North Sea
1101:on Sealife Collection
573:: e.T187398A8525211.
555:Pollard, D. (2010).
983:Fiskeridirektoratet
425:Habitat and biology
40:Conservation status
827:10.1242/bio.017418
300:Valenciennes, 1843
275:Labrus reticulatus
1407:
1406:
1353:Open Tree of Life
1111:Taxon identifiers
955:10.1136/vr.104966
943:Veterinary Record
756:10.1111/jfb.15672
480:catch-and-release
466:Fishery and Sport
411:Mediterranean Sea
307:
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271:
270:W. Thompson, 1837
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256:Labrus variabilis
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1306:NBNSYS0000175968
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821:(9): 1241–1251.
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671:"Ballan wrasse (
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439:pharyngeal teeth
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258:
247:
236:
234:Labrus neustriae
225:
223:Labrus maculatus
218:Bonnaterre, 1788
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161:L. bergylta
78:
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1327:Observation.org
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949:(12): 383–383.
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865:Alan Davidson,
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617:Labrus bergylta
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559:Labrus bergylta
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484:sport fishermen
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346:Atlantic salmon
319:ray finned fish
315:Labrus bergylta
286:Labrus donovani
189:
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179:Labrus bergylta
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53:
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17:
16:Species of fish
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1092:External links
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1016:(3): 289–300.
995:
985:(in Norwegian)
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655:978-1855853645
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642:Alwyne Wheeler
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611:Froese, Rainer
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488:fishing tackle
472:Orkney Islands
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407:Canary Islands
386:
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334:Atlantic Ocean
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297:Labrus nubilus
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1080:11250/3051863
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923:. 2012-10-09.
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215:Labrus ballan
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204:Labrus comber
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170:Binomial name
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55:Least Concern
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32:
27:
22:
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1058:
1048:
1031:11250/109108
1013:
1009:
998:
987:. Retrieved
982:
973:
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942:
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881:
866:
861:
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815:Biology Open
814:
787:. Retrieved
747:
712:(1): 47–62.
709:
705:
695:
683:. Retrieved
678:
672:
664:
645:
622:
616:
584:. Retrieved
570:
564:
558:
528:
521:
515:
512:
497:
486:using light
469:
456:
428:
418:
415:brown wrasse
388:
385:Distribution
379:
375:total length
371:lateral line
359:
349:
314:
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290:Valenciennes
285:
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147:
18:
1249:iNaturalist
1143:Wikispecies
1059:Aquaculture
586:20 November
494:Aquaculture
482:target for
461:Human usage
443:crustaceans
356:Description
350:Salmo salar
342:aquaculture
260:W. Thompson
127:Labriformes
1414:Categories
1097:Photos of
1065:: 738586.
989:2021-09-30
964:1893/27595
789:14 January
685:14 January
537:References
363:dorsal fin
279:R. T. Lowe
249:J. Fleming
208:Bonnaterre
1040:1745-1000
835:2046-6390
764:0022-1112
726:1573-5133
644:(1997) .
321:from the
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1267:10148336
1223:FishBase
1134:Q1417454
1128:Wikidata
921:BBC News
869:, 1979,
853:27422903
783:"Wrasse"
624:FishBase
531:aquarium
508:lumpfish
500:sea lice
405:and the
367:anal fin
326:Labridae
238:Lacépède
195:Synonyms
186:Ascanius
137:Labridae
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1392:ZooBank
1241:2383624
844:5051651
533:trade.
452:pelagic
431:seaweed
399:Madeira
395:Morocco
330:wrasses
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1425:Labrus
1384:126965
1358:292710
1345:126965
1293:187398
1280:170737
1254:103911
1215:124868
1202:206721
1038:
889:
873:
851:
841:
833:
762:
724:
652:
504:salmon
476:Galway
403:Azores
401:, the
391:Norway
328:, the
323:family
292:, 1839
281:, 1839
262:, 1837
251:, 1828
240:, 1801
229:, 1792
210:, 1788
188:, 1767
148:Labrus
1379:WoRMS
1366:Plazi
1319:56723
1262:IRMNG
1210:EUNIS
1189:3RKYF
1176:86796
435:reefs
227:Bloch
1340:OBIS
1332:2157
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