772:
728:
609:
756:
633:
740:
672:
712:
692:
456:
377:
585:
271:
43:
653:
1250:
31:
2298:
830:
1238:
240:, but baluster forms are familiar in the legs of chairs and tables represented in Roman bas-reliefs, where the original legs or the models for cast bronze ones were shaped on the lathe, or in Antique marble candelabra, formed as a series of stacked bulbous and disc-shaped elements, both kinds of sources familiar to
514:
Once it had been taken from the lathe, a turned wood baluster could be split and applied to an architectural surface, or to one in which architectonic themes were more freely treated, as on cabinets made in Italy, Spain and
Northern Europe from the sixteenth through the seventeenth centuries. Modern
632:
572:
Balusters may be formed in several ways. Wood and stone can be shaped on the lathe, wood can be cut from square or rectangular section boards, while concrete, plaster, iron, and plastics are usually formed by molding and casting. Turned patterns or old examples are used for the molds.
608:
564:
Balusters are normally separated by at least the same measurement as the size of the square bottom section. Placing balusters too far apart diminishes their aesthetic appeal, and the structural integrity of the balustrade they form. Balustrades normally terminate in heavy
727:
771:
755:
1061:
Davies and Hemsol 1983 note the earliest uses of both types of baluster in fictive classicising thrones and architecture in paintings. They instance an earlier use in real architecture on the main façade of the
711:
483:
are ancient tools. The profile a baluster takes is often diagnostic of a particular style of architecture or furniture, and may offer a rough guide to date of a design, though not of a particular example.
101:
447:
balusters a development largely of the 1840s. As balusters and balustrades have evolved, they can now be made from various materials with a few popular choices being timber, glass and stainless steel.
1112:
584:
739:
691:
671:
1111:
Twist-turned legs on a backstool feature prominently in a conversation piece of a couple in an elaborately fashionable Dutch interior, painted by Eglon van der Neer (1678):
948:
652:
538:, in the early seventeenth century. Foliate baluster columns with naturalistic foliate capitals, unexampled in previous Indo-Islamic architecture according to
850:
1140:, Florence, and in Michelangelo's planned use in the Medici Chapel, is explored by Paul Joannides, "Michelangelo, Filippino Lippi and the Half-Baluster",
503:. The distinctive twist-turned designs of balusters in oak and walnut English and Dutch seventeenth-century furniture, which took as their prototype the
972:(1983:1–23, 117–122) p.8 notes uses of the word in fifteenth-century documents and explores its connotations for sixteenth-century designers, pp 12ff.
320:
Wittkower distinguished two types, one symmetrical in profile that inverted one bulbous vase-shape over another, separating them with a cushionlike
542:, rapidly became one of the most widely used forms of supporting shaft in Northern and Central India in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
946:, 1526) detected this derivation, N. Llewellyn noted, in "Two notes on Diego da Sangredo: 2. The baluster and the pomegranate flower", in
845:
2338:
129:. Common materials used in its construction are wood, stone, and less frequently metal and ceramic. A group of balusters supporting a
872:
1211:
1124:
The architectural invention of the applied half-baluster, with a caveat concerning "the fallacy of first recorded appearances", by
897:
333:
2323:
965:
353:
2343:
1284:
2195:
275:
2025:
956:
1868:
642:
balustrade, lower vasiform stone balustrade, and bronze central rail supported by decorative bronze metalwork at
173:
1254:
491:
baluster forms can be read as a vase set upon another vase. The high shoulders and bold, rhythmic shapes of the
148:
is used to describe forms such as a candlestick, upright furniture support, and the stem of a brass chandelier.
2328:
2207:
2133:
2005:
1647:
1097:
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248:
678:
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361:
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332:
1546), noted by
Wittkower, was preceded by very early vasiform balusters in a balustrade round the drum of
2212:
1063:
619:
310:
205:
232:
capitals. As an architectural element alone the balustrade did not seem to have been known to either the
2148:
1952:
1493:
1387:
134:
1927:
1242:
1037:
H. Siebenhüner, in tracing the baluster's career, found its origin in the profile of the round base of
305:
1480), and used balustrades in his reconstructions of antique structures. Sangallo passed the motif to
460:
2348:
2217:
1993:
1723:
1576:
746:
286:
2190:
1998:
1137:
558:
554:
523:
260:
125:
475:, tends to follow design precedents that were set in woodworking and ceramic practices, where the
270:
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1978:
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42:
2015:
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or a concave ring, and the other a simple vase shape, whose employment by
Michelangelo at the
2268:
2040:
1755:
1508:
1200:
835:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
643:
557:, England, are some of these shafts, supposed to have been taken from the old Saxon church.
531:
504:
428:
282:
186:
66:
2010:
1751:
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1704:
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1518:
1399:
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48:
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of a stairway. It may be used to include its supporting structures, such as a supporting
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30:
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2020:
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1709:
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1623:
1611:
1606:
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778:
233:
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palaces, where they were employed as functional window balustrades and apparently had
2317:
2030:
1947:
1887:
1799:
1770:
1442:
1404:
1358:
1270:
960:
841:
836:
663:
496:
439:. Cast-stone balusters were a development of the 18th century in Great Britain (see
2180:
2050:
1937:
1932:
1902:
1882:
1775:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1714:
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1416:
591:
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bases and capitals have been added, together with plain cylindrical Norman shafts.
550:
436:
416:
400:
314:
241:
237:
1156:"There are no free-standing baluster columns of Shah Jahan's reign in the Fort at
495:
vase and baluster forms are distinctly different from the sober baluster forms of
1164:("The Baluster Column: A European Motif in Mughal Architecture and Its Meaning",
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1907:
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221:
1221:
1098:
Hong Kong
Investor With Eye on the Past Acquires Landmark Bradbury Building,
733:
Simple balustrade of turned wood balusters of a style common in North
America
259:. These quattrocento balustrades are likely to be following yet-unidentified
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2035:
1973:
1877:
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1544:
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1038:
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251:: late fifteenth-century examples are found in the balconies of palaces at
1237:
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1851:
1828:
1804:
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in a 1905 row of houses in
Etchingham Park Road Finchley London England.
384:
341:
156:
130:
17:
515:
baluster design is also in use for example in designs influenced by the
368:, this "vase-baluster" may be given the modern term "dropped baluster".
155:(also bannister) refers to a baluster or to the system of balusters and
2104:
2094:
2085:
2080:
1912:
1897:
1856:
1846:
1684:
1642:
1566:
1498:
1467:
1449:
1421:
1353:
1049:
1460 (Siebenhüner, "Docke", in
Reallexikon zur Deutsche Kunstgeschichte
982:
854:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 297.
792:
508:
500:
492:
472:
412:
408:
225:
116:
983:"Balaústre: o que é, como usar, onde comprar? Veja + exemplos lindos!"
717:
Bronze balustrade, formerly of Saint
Servatius bridge of 1836, now in
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2099:
1784:
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317:, through whom balustrades gained wide currency in the 16th century.
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256:
252:
1079:
These earlier appearances were adduced by Davies and Hemsol 1983:7f.
107:) is an upright support, often a vertical moulded shaft, square, or
285:
withheld judgement as to the inventor of the baluster and credited
46:
The term derives from the swelling form of the half-open flower of
2170:
2138:
2128:
2108:
1983:
1917:
1674:
1601:
1596:
1380:
1297:
1172:(1982:251–262) p. 252) but balustrades are a feature of all three.
942:
The early sixteenth-century theoretical writer Diego da
Sangredo (
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535:
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375:
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41:
29:
963:'s detailed history, "Renaissance Balusters and the Antique", in
530:'s interventions in two of the three great fortress-palaces, the
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2222:
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2143:
2118:
2113:
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1581:
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at Loreto installed in 1535, and liberally in his model for the
1266:
522:
Outside Europe, the baluster column appeared as a new motif in
866:
90:
289:
with using it consistently as early as the balustrade on the
569:
posts, columns, and building walls for structural support.
247:
The application to architecture was a feature of the early
81:
1206:. Margot Wittkower (foreword). London: Thames and Hudson.
864:"A row of balusters surmounted by a rail or coping" 1644.
220:
The earliest examples of balusters are those shown in the
75:
1196:"Chapter Three: The Renaissance Caluster and Palladio"
84:
87:
78:
72:
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2049:
1966:
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1199:
34:Illustration of various examples of balusters, in
761:Stairway Balustrade by Florence Truelson, 1937 (
1166:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
949:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
1278:
549:is applied to the shaft dividing a window in
499:, which look to other precedents, like Greek
352:, in the cortile of San Damaso, Vatican, and
27:Architectural element; vertical moulded shaft
8:
459:Drawing of a baluster column in the article
1285:
1271:
1263:
1226:(Links are to the 1983 American edition.)
1028:is a miniature column, used decoratively.
340:1482), and railings in the cathedrals of
267:as an alternative to miniature arcading.
823:
821:
819:
817:
813:
777:The balustrade of Cameron's Gallery at
658:Balustrade of turned wood balusters of
580:
553:architecture. In the south transept of
119:, and other architectural features. In
137:, or ornamental detail is known as a
989:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-08-03
697:Balustrade in the form of a serpent,
511:, fell out of style after the 1710s.
7:
177:, "baluster" is derived through the
25:
1202:Palladio and English Palladianism
2297:
2296:
1248:
1236:
932:– via The Free Dictionary.
828:
770:
754:
738:
726:
710:
690:
670:
651:
631:
607:
583:
65:
1070:was employed (p. 6 and pl. 3j).
1134:St. Philip revealing the Demon
356:'s crowning balustrade on the
197:, "pomegranate flower" , from
123:construction it is known as a
1:
1253:The dictionary definition of
1147:No. 936 (March 1981:152–154).
590:A vasiform balustrade crowns
507:that was given prominence by
1188:General and cited references
1128:in the painted architecture
614:Balusters influenced by the
276:Basilica of San Zeno, Verona
618:in a 1905 row of houses in
263:. They form balustrades of
2365:
1194:Wittkower, Rudolf (1974).
1015:Davies and Hemsoll 1983:2.
461:"Anglo-Saxon Architecture"
451:Profiles and style changes
2339:Pedestrian infrastructure
2292:
1088:Davies and Hemsol 1983:1.
399:Balusters may be made of
278:(constructed 967–1398 AD)
174:Oxford English Dictionary
2006:Multi-family residential
616:Arts and Crafts movement
596:Palazzo dei Conservatori
517:Arts and Crafts movement
334:Santa Maria delle Grazie
249:Renaissance architecture
1181:Ebba Koch 1982:251–262.
1142:The Burlington Magazine
1136:in the Strozzi Chapel,
851:Encyclopædia Britannica
763:National Gallery of Art
362:Basilica of Saint Peter
274:Stone balusters in the
2324:Architectural elements
1064:Palazzo Ducale, Urbino
646:'s Orwig Music Library
555:the Abbey in St Albans
471:The baluster, being a
468:
465:Archaeological Journal
396:
279:
190:
182:
111:-turned form found in
56:
39:
36:A Handbook of Ornament
2344:Architectural history
1043:Judith and Holofernes
966:Architectural History
745:Marble balustrade in
679:Schloss Veitshöchheim
660:Quema Ancestral House
458:
379:
364:. Because of its low
273:
45:
33:
1245:at Wikimedia Commons
1051:vol. 4 1988:102-107)
747:San Gaetano, Brescia
677:Stone balustrade at
620:Etchingham Park Road
287:Giuliano da Sangallo
1452: / Guest room
1138:Santa Maria Novella
524:Mughal architecture
387:balustrades in the
354:Antonio da Sangallo
38:, by Franz S. Meyer
1928:Servants' quarters
944:Medidas del Romano
469:
425:polyvinyl chloride
397:
293:and stairs at the
280:
57:
40:
2311:
2310:
1729:Janitorial closet
1463:Bedsit / Miniflat
1241:Media related to
1100:Los Angeles Times
699:Mueang Chiang Mai
487:Some complicated
467:, Volume 1 (1845)
389:Bradbury Building
366:center of gravity
261:Gothic precedents
224:representing the
171:According to the
16:(Redirected from
2356:
2300:
2299:
2269:Home improvement
2041:Studio apartment
1833:Kitchen-related
1509:Conversation pit
1296:and spaces of a
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1160:", according to
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955:(1977:240-300);
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635:
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545:The modern term
532:Red Fort of Agra
526:, introduced in
505:Solomonic column
473:turned structure
429:precast concrete
283:Rudolf Wittkower
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2011:Secondary suite
1962:
1837:butler's pantry
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1705:Electrical room
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844:, ed. (1911). "
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477:turner's lathe
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372:Materials used
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1259:at Wiktionary
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208:βαλαύστριον (
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52:, in Italian
51:
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32:
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2181:Roof lantern
2065:
1933:Smoking room
1903:Long gallery
1883:Drawing room
1869:Conservatory
1776:Storm cellar
1747:Storage room
1743:Utility room
1739:Laundry room
1715:Furnace room
1306:Shared rooms
1255:
1201:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1152:
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1133:
1129:
1120:
1113:illustration
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1011:
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902:the original
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881:. Retrieved
877:the original
865:
860:
849:
592:Michelangelo
571:
563:
546:
544:
521:
513:
486:
470:
464:
437:wrought iron
417:polyurethane
401:carved stone
398:
395:, California
391:in downtown
345:
337:
329:
319:
315:Michelangelo
313:, 1502) and
302:
281:
246:
242:Quattrocento
219:
209:
201:
194:
172:
170:
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150:
145:
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138:
124:
60:
58:
53:
47:
35:
2349:Ironmongery
2274:Home repair
2071:Belt course
1979:Hidden room
1908:Lumber room
1824:Antechamber
1815:Great house
1795:Wine cellar
1766:Root cellar
1719:Boiler room
1700:Crawl space
1371:Living room
1364:kitchenette
1349:Home cinema
1334:Family room
1329:Dining room
1319:Common room
957:Paul Davies
898:"AskOxford"
873:"AskOxford"
600:Campidoglio
441:Coade stone
421:polystyrene
393:Los Angeles
326:Campidoglio
244:designers.
222:bas-reliefs
210:balaustrion
202:balaustrium
2318:Categories
2284:Tree house
2254:Front yard
2186:Sill plate
2134:Foundation
2076:Bressummer
1989:house plan
1958:Undercroft
1943:State room
1893:Great hall
1862:still room
1529:dumbwaiter
1514:Cubby-hole
1344:Great room
1314:Bonus room
1130:all'antica
993:2021-11-21
987:Balaústres
923:"banister"
908:2007-06-26
883:2007-06-26
798:Guard rail
719:Maastricht
705:, Thailand
703:Chiang Mai
662:a typical
528:Shah Jahan
405:cast stone
358:Santa Casa
348:1495) and
265:colonettes
139:balustrade
2334:Stairways
2208:Threshold
2091:Colonnade
2036:Townhouse
1974:Furniture
1878:Courtyard
1780:Safe room
1690:Cloakroom
1658:Technical
1648:Vestibule
1633:Staircase
1572:Inglenook
1545:Fireplace
1504:Breezeway
1376:Gynaeceum
1243:Balusters
1222:905449767
1162:Ebba Koch
1039:Donatello
1026:colonette
809:Citations
685:, Germany
626:, London)
540:Ebba Koch
489:Mannerist
445:cast iron
382:cast iron
311:Tempietto
297:villa at
195:balaustra
191:balaustro
167:Etymology
151:The term
144:The term
121:furniture
113:stairways
54:balaustra
18:Balusters
2249:Driveway
2244:Backyard
2203:Skylight
2166:Plumbing
2161:Ornament
2156:Lighting
2066:Baluster
2054:elements
2026:Detached
2021:Terraced
1873:Orangery
1852:scullery
1829:Ballroom
1805:Workshop
1790:Wardrobe
1778: /
1745: /
1741: /
1717: /
1680:Basement
1612:sleeping
1607:screened
1592:Overhang
1536:Entryway
1524:Elevator
1438:Bathroom
1393:man cave
1256:baluster
1066:, where
928:28 April
846:Baluster
803:Handrail
787:See also
781:, Russia
683:Würzburg
624:Finchley
501:amphoras
479:and the
385:filigree
342:Aquileia
307:Bramante
226:Assyrian
183:balustre
157:handrail
153:banister
131:handrail
117:parapets
61:baluster
2237:Related
2213:Transom
2105:Cornice
2095:Portico
2086:Chimney
2081:Ceiling
1913:Parlour
1898:Library
1857:spicery
1847:saucery
1842:buttery
1685:Carport
1667:storage
1662:utility
1643:Veranda
1638:Terrace
1567:Hallway
1499:Balcony
1478:Nursery
1473:Cabinet
1468:Boudoir
1450:Bedroom
1422:Sunroom
1354:Kitchen
1132:of his
839::
793:Bollard
749:, Italy
598:on the
577:Gallery
509:Bernini
493:Baroque
463:in the
443:), and
427:(PVC),
413:polymer
409:plaster
380:Ornate
328:steps (
291:terrace
236:or the
216:History
204:, from
193:, from
187:Italian
185:, from
126:spindle
2301:
2259:Garden
2228:Window
2171:Quoins
2149:Portal
2100:Column
2016:Duplex
1994:styles
1953:Turret
1785:Studio
1761:Pantry
1734:Larder
1724:Garage
1695:Closet
1629:Stairs
1587:Loggia
1550:hearth
1540:Genkan
1494:Atrium
1487:Spaces
1456:closet
1443:toilet
1412:Shrine
1388:Andron
1339:Garret
1220:
1210:
1158:Lahore
833:
765:), USA
640:bronze
602:(Rome)
559:Norman
295:Medici
257:Verona
253:Venice
238:Romans
234:Greeks
179:French
163:post.
135:coping
2218:Vault
2191:Style
2139:Gable
2129:Floor
2109:Eaves
1999:types
1984:House
1967:Other
1938:Solar
1918:Sauna
1817:areas
1756:floor
1675:Attic
1602:Porch
1597:Patio
1577:Lanai
1557:Foyer
1417:Study
1381:harem
1298:house
1294:Rooms
681:near
567:newel
551:Saxon
536:Delhi
435:, or
350:Parma
322:torus
309:(his
230:Ionic
206:Greek
199:Latin
161:newel
109:lathe
97:
2279:Shed
2264:Home
2223:Wall
2196:list
2176:Roof
2144:Gate
2119:Door
2114:Dome
2061:Arch
1665:and
1619:Ramp
1582:Loft
1562:Hall
1519:Deck
1218:OCLC
1208:ISBN
959:and
930:2018
534:and
433:wood
255:and
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