122:
respectively, with most of them having a horizontal ear orientation and the ear length being around 30 cm (12 in). Its head has no slope towards the base of the horns and is slightly depressed in the middle. The neck region is found to be medium and thin in females whereas it is thick and heavy in males with the dewlap being absent in both. They have a deeper chest and a long barrel with a rounded rib structure, and medium length limbs with broad bones. Due to the effect of adaptation to grazing under extensive production systems, their hooves are black, small and firmly attached. The udders are round and well developed in Banni buffaloes. It is divided into four equal divisions with the teats attached to each of them. The shape of the teats is conical with round and pointed tips. Banni buffaloes tend to be black in colour with 5% of them being brown. Other distinct appearances include having white patches on their forehead, tail and their lower legs. Their eyes are black in colour and the tail consists of both white and black colour.
143:(SDAU), it has been confirmed that the Banni buffalo is a distinct breed. The Banni buffalo is known to have certain special characteristics. One of these features is their genetic potential for high milk production. The average annual milk yield is 6000 litres and the daily milk yield is 18-19 litres. The formation of the cooperative society by the pastoralists has made it possible for the breeders to sell more than 2,50,000 litres of milk daily to the dairy industry at a price of Rs.45 to Rs.55. Before the formation of this cooperative, this milk was sold at Rs.15 to Rs.19 per litre
108:
Maldharis also maintain the original bloodline of Banni buffaloes, whilst also being critical at selection of the breeding bulls. The preferred "physiological features that include coiled horns, short but sturdy legs, convex forehead and white tail hairs. Each breeding bull is limited to three services per day and breeding bulls are exchanged between nearby villages every 3-4 years to avoid inbreeding".
71:
with his colleague BP Mishra and a Bhuj-based NGO called ‘Sahjeevan’ on a pilot research project. After two years of data collection, it was discovered that the molecular construct of Banni buffaloes was different from that of other breeds. This project was funded by the Indian
Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and led to the formation of the Banni Breeders’ Association.
50:, frequent droughts, low humidity and high temperatures, unlike other commonly found buffaloes such as the ‘Murrah’ and ‘Jaffarabadi’. The Banni buffalo breed sustains itself in these harsh climatic conditions by consuming the naturally available grasses growing in this belt. They are also trained to return by themselves to their specific hamlets in the morning.
91:
milk yield. Banni buffalo was recognised as the eleventh buffalo breed of India by Indian council of agricultural research in 2011. A herd of Banni buffaloes comprises 40-50 members, with the maximum going to 100. Banni buffaloes cover a grazing distance of 8 to 10 kilometres in
Monsoon and up to 15 kilometres in the summer.
161:
is a
Gujarati word for pastoralists and literally translates to cattle breeders. Over years they have developed and preserved the best bloodline of the Banni buffalo by practicing natural, selective breeding. Origins of the Maldhari community can be traced back to states like Rajasthan and some parts
90:
According to the seventeenth livestock census of 2003, conducted by the government of India, the total population of the Banni buffalo was 3,190,000 in
Gujarat, with around 1,780,000 in Kutch alone. Banni buffalo is also distributed throughout other parts of Gujarat, and Maharashtra due to their high
146:
The Banni buffalo is also known for its night grazing quality. The distance that can be covered by the herds range from 8-10 kilometres in
Monsoon to 15 kilometres in Summer with the herd size ranging from 40-50 animals to 90-200 animals. The herds leave in the evening, and after the second milking,
130:
Banni buffaloes have coiled horns that have a vertical orientation. 31.20% of these buffaloes have inverted double coiled horns while 68.80% of them have inverted single coiled horns. The diameter of the horns, which are medium to large and heavy, ranges from 24 to 30 cm in an adult buffalo. This is
107:
The Banni buffalo is bred according to the traditional practices of the
Maldharis. They state that it's "the Banni grasslands and the Maldharis who can create the Banni buffalo". Any buffalo not raised by Maldharis and not have grazed the grounds of Banni cannot be classified as a Banni buffalo. The
86:
The Banni region is a grassland situated, at 23019'N to 23052'N to 68056'E to 70032'E, in the district of Kutch in
Gujarat, India. Spanning over 2600 square kilometres, this pasture land has over 30 varieties of grass. The Banni buffalo travels a distance of about 10 to 15 kilometres to reach these
70:
The Banni buffalo was recognised as the 11th buffalo breed in India by the Indian Breed
Registration Committee, ICAR, New Delhi, in the year 2010. It wasn't considered a different breed of buffaloes until 2002. K. P. Singh, a livestock scientist from Gujarat Agricultural University started working
121:
Banni buffaloes have a compact, wedge-shaped body which can be of medium to large size. They have a body length of 154cm (61 in), face length of 54cm (21 in), with the length of their tail being 89cm (35 in). On an average, a male and female Banni
Buffalo weigh around 525-562 kg and 475-575 kg
41:
The Banni buffalo has a different genetic makeup as compared to more common breeds, which allows for longer lactation periods, higher milk production potentials and also makes it disease resistant. It has also become the main source of livelihood for
Maldharis, and they are also slowly gaining
186:(Banni Breeders’ Association) in the year 2008. The organisation achieved recognition for the breed of Banni buffalo as a distinct buffalo breed from National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal and Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU)
147:
they return at dawn. Despite the magnitude of herds and the animals in them, the buffaloes rarely get lost or mixed with a different herd. This quality of night-grazing allows them to avoid harsh day temperatures and also accommodate temperature differences.
396:
Banni Breeders Association, Natural Justice, South Africa, & Sahjeevan, Bhuj, Kutch. (2009). THE BIOCULTURAL COMMUNITY PROTOCOL OF THE MALDHARIS OF BANNI. Retrieved October 7, 2018, from www.researchgate.net/.../FPIC_Protocol_Comm_India.pdf
74:
Banni Breeders’ Association filed an application for the registration of the breed followed by applications from scientists. An initiative of opening cooperatives for the Maldharis was also taken up by The National Dairy Development Board.
165:
At present this community has settled in the Banni Grasslands, located along the northern border of Kutch district in Gujarat. The Maldharis have settled in different areas and hence have evolved into various castes and cultures.
169:
The Maldharis have been known to protect the grassland ecosystem of Banni since the last 700 years and preserve its biodiversity. Out of the various breeds being preserved, some breeds are indigenous to the ecosystem of Banni.
34:' is specific to not only the buffaloes but as well as the pasture grass species which are native to this region. This breed of buffaloes is usually bred and preserved by a local community found in Kutch, called the '
239:
87:
grasslands each day. Travelling a greater distance enables the Banni to fully digest all the grass, and in turn, helps in increasing the rate of metabolism, leading to an increased yield of milk.
456:
Patel, M. D., Lateef, A., Das, H., Prajapati, M. V., Kakati, P., & Savani, H. R. (2016, September 19). Estimation of blood biochemical parameters of Banni ... Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
150:
This breed has a lactation length of 290-295 days with a lactation yield of 2500-2700 litres. Apart from this, the buffaloes are also known for their regular breeding and hardy nature.
104:
has resulted in the decline of Kankrej cattle, which gave rise to Banni buffaloes who remained unaffected by it. Banni Buffalo were also able to adapt to the harsh water conditions.
508:
Mulay, R., & Kalpavriksh. (n.d.). 'Let Banni Be' struggle to save the pastoralist livelihood and Banni grasslands, Gujarat, India | EJAtlas. Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
140:
557:
323:
Mishra, B., Singh, K., Chavan, D., Sadana, D., Kataria, R., Kathiravan, P., & Ahlawat, S. (2017). Characterization of Banni buffalo of Western India. Retrieved from
295:
62:
in Pakistan. What is now referred to as the Banni land, was given to the Maldhari community 500 years ago by the rulers of the Kutch district for livestock grazing.
480:
Bharwada, C., & Mahajan, V. (2012, August). Let it be Banni Understanding and Sustaining Pastoral Livelihoods of Banni. Retrieved October 7, 2018, from
131:
an important physiological feature for the breeders, especially during the selection of bulls which are to be used for the purpose of breeding.
420:
Mathur, M., & Sharma, K. (n.d.). Modeling the Economics of Grassland Degradation in Banni ... Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
469:
240:"The incredible Banni buffalo breed: In arid Kutch, a village of 30 families that supplies Rs 2.2 crore worth of milk a year"
552:
270:
521:
468:
Parvaiz, A. (2016, December 16). Banni pastoralists see success in battle for survival. Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
78:
In 2010, Banni buffalo was recognised by the Breed Registration Committee, ICAR, New Delhi as the 11th breed of India.
433:
532:
Banni Pashu Ucherak Maldhari Sangathan. (2017). Banni Buffalo The Incredible Breed. Retrieved October 7, 2018, from
31:
457:
139:
According to the genotyping conducted by the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Research (NBAGR), Karnal and
408:
Bhavan, K. (2003). 17th Indian Livestock Census All India Summary Report. Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
481:
533:
445:
100:
324:
470:
https://www.villagesquare.in/2016/12/16/banni-pastoralists-see-success-in-battle-for-survival/
366:
289:
421:
42:
popularity in other regions such as Mumbai. The Banni buffalo is well-adapted to survive the
22:, which are also known as "Kutchi" or "Kundi", is a breed of buffalo found primarily in the
497:
409:
43:
47:
23:
546:
522:
http://natural-justice.blogspot.com/2010/06/shepherding-in-new-era-of-livestock.html
59:
434:
http://allpaedia.com/livestock/breeds/buffalo-breeds/3361-banni-buffalo-breed.html
444:
Chavda, R. (2013, October 25). Banni Buffalo. Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
509:
38:'. An average Banni buffalo yields around 12 to 18 litres of milk each day.
271:"Dairy Farming: Banni buffalo, the unique and valuable germplasm of Kutch"
458:
http://livestockscience.in/wp-content/uploads/Biochem-prof-Banni-Buff.pdf
208:
158:
35:
27:
182:
gave membership to 650 animal breeders of the region of Banni forming
337:
349:
520:
NATURAL JUSTICE. (2010, June 20). Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
482:
http://www.cess.ac.in/cesshome/mono/CESSMonograph-26(RULNR-13).pdf
178:
Maldharis along with help and support from a local organization
534:
http://www.sahjeevan.org/images/files/animal_husbandry/01_Banni
446:
http://chavdarahul506.blogspot.com/2013/10/banni-buffalo.html
325:
http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/012/i0831t/i0831t04.pdf
269:
Jadav, P. V., Bhatti, R., & Das, S. (19 November 2013).
367:
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/breeding-benefits-56996
365:
Breeding benefits. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
422:
http://rc4.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/P1038.pdf
348:
Let it be Banni. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
498:
http://www.narmada.org/ALTERNATIVES/banni/alt-banni.html
496:
Alwar District. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
410:
http://dahd.nic.in/documents/statistics/livestock-census
94:
In the last few decades, there has been an increase in
141:
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University
432:Sections. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
327:Animal Genetic Resources Information, No. 44, 2009
336:Buffalo. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
98:. Considered as an invasive weed in this region,
8:
294:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
58:The Banni buffalo breed originates from the
558:Water buffalo breeds originating in India
510:https://ejatlas.org/conflict/let-banni-be
195:
484:CESS MONOGRAPH 26 RULNR MONOGRAPH - 13
287:
184:Banni Pashu Ucherak Maldhari Sangathan
492:
490:
238:Harish Damodaran (30 November 2017).
7:
404:
402:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
361:
359:
357:
319:
317:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
264:
262:
260:
233:
231:
229:
203:
201:
199:
338:http://banni.in/livestock/buffalo/
14:
350:http://banni.in/let-it-be-banni/
209:"Banni | Dairy Knowledge Portal"
66:Recognition from the government
1:
574:
174:Banni Breeders Association
135:Special characteristics
82:Location and population
54:Origin and recognition
162:of Gujarat, in India
553:Water buffalo breeds
46:conditions such as
30:, India. The word '
244:The Indian Express
154:Maldhari community
101:prosopis juliflora
96:Prosopis juliflora
213:dairyknowledge.in
565:
537:
530:
524:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
485:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
397:
394:
369:
363:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
321:
300:
299:
293:
285:
283:
281:
266:
255:
254:
252:
250:
235:
224:
223:
221:
219:
205:
16:Breed of buffalo
573:
572:
568:
567:
566:
564:
563:
562:
543:
542:
541:
540:
531:
527:
519:
515:
507:
503:
495:
488:
479:
475:
467:
463:
455:
451:
443:
439:
431:
427:
419:
415:
407:
400:
395:
372:
364:
355:
347:
343:
335:
331:
322:
303:
286:
279:
277:
268:
267:
258:
248:
246:
237:
236:
227:
217:
215:
207:
206:
197:
192:
176:
156:
137:
128:
119:
114:
112:Physical traits
84:
68:
56:
44:extreme weather
17:
12:
11:
5:
571:
569:
561:
560:
555:
545:
544:
539:
538:
525:
513:
501:
486:
473:
461:
449:
437:
425:
413:
398:
370:
353:
341:
329:
301:
256:
225:
194:
193:
191:
188:
175:
172:
155:
152:
136:
133:
127:
124:
118:
115:
113:
110:
83:
80:
67:
64:
55:
52:
48:water scarcity
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
570:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
548:
535:
529:
526:
523:
517:
514:
511:
505:
502:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
477:
474:
471:
465:
462:
459:
453:
450:
447:
441:
438:
435:
429:
426:
423:
417:
414:
411:
405:
403:
399:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
371:
368:
362:
360:
358:
354:
351:
345:
342:
339:
333:
330:
326:
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
302:
297:
291:
276:
275:Dairy Farming
272:
265:
263:
261:
257:
245:
241:
234:
232:
230:
226:
214:
210:
204:
202:
200:
196:
189:
187:
185:
181:
173:
171:
167:
163:
160:
153:
151:
148:
144:
142:
134:
132:
125:
123:
116:
111:
109:
105:
103:
102:
97:
92:
88:
81:
79:
76:
72:
65:
63:
61:
53:
51:
49:
45:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:Banni buffalo
528:
516:
504:
476:
464:
452:
440:
428:
416:
344:
332:
278:. Retrieved
274:
247:. Retrieved
243:
216:. Retrieved
212:
183:
179:
177:
168:
164:
157:
149:
145:
138:
129:
120:
106:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
77:
73:
69:
57:
40:
26:district of
19:
18:
536:buffalo.pdf
60:Sind region
547:Categories
190:References
180:Sahjeevan,
280:6 October
249:6 October
218:6 October
36:Maldharis
290:cite web
159:Maldhari
28:Gujarat
126:Horns
32:Banni
24:Kutch
296:link
282:2018
251:2018
220:2018
117:Body
549::
489:^
401:^
373:^
356:^
304:^
292:}}
288:{{
273:.
259:^
242:.
228:^
211:.
198:^
298:)
284:.
253:.
222:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.