529:
the genetic variability within the species was found during the 2020 review. They speculate that restricted range and limited number of individuals suggests a low level of genetic variation. No recent changes in taxonomy are known for the species. Criterion 1 of the recovery plan, known populations are put under protective status, has been partially completed. The population of Palo de Ramón in
Salinas is protected by Law No. 283 "Law to designate Las Piedras del Callado as Natural Reserve", but the population in Rios Lajas is on private land. Criterion 2 of establishing at least two new self-sustaining populations within protected land in the karst region has not been achieved. A new pest was identified, the lobate lac scale (
241:
99:
54:
35:
301:
age. The leaves have prominent veins that run from the base of the plant and branch into three. The veins are not visible from underneath because of their angle. Newer branches and the stems next to the leaves are fuzzy, covered in small, yellow, hair-like structures. The fruit consists of berries containing many seeds, ranging from deep red to purple. The fruit's base is large, with pointed
76:
300:
tree. The tree has an average stem diameter of 12.7 cm (5.0 in) and averages around 9.1 m (30 ft) in height. Each branch has alternating, simple leaves, about 5.08 cm (2.00 in) long and up to 12.7 cm (5.0 in) wide. Younger leaves are soft, becoming rougher with
528:
A five-year review was initiated in 2010, and finalized on
January tenth 2014. The newest five-year review commenced in 2019, published on March 3, 2020. In the 2020 review, it was stated that the two populations present at listing have not been monitored since the listing in 1987. No information on
515:
are to address the threats, most importantly, deforestation, that face the species. An integral part of the plan is to protect the newer populations that have grown and maintain the growth of the previous two populations. This has been a difficult task for conservationists, as there has been a
415:
was known to have 11 individuals in two populations. Since 1990, Puerto Rico
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources has cultivated about 201 individuals of Palo de Ramón, and introduced them in eight localities. As of 2014, the 201 individuals of Palo de Ramón
309:. They give the flower a round profile, with a diameter of half an inch, with a resulting velvety texture. Each flower contains both male and female reproductive structures, making them bisexual.
1158:
1163:
1000:
520:). Finally, after these two steps are done, four additional stable populations will be established with high variability in age ranges to ensure population growth.
1052:
624:
516:
significant push in urban development where the plant is native to. The next step toward recovery is to maintain the current populations of Palo de Ramón (
948:
511:
The recovery plan was first established on March 15, 1991, and then was updated/revised on
September 27, 2019. The present recovery plan goals for
1013:
961:
1091:
1178:
1173:
370:
The plant is not typically found in low or medium elevations and is instead found in semi-evergreen coastal forests at high elevations on
321:
is not well understood. Flowering occurs in May with fruit appearing from August through
September. Seed dispersal occurs in September.
441:
267:
483:
also has been a driver of extinction for these plants, as urban development has caused the population of the plant to decrease.
987:
83:
500:
1018:
411:
The species’ abundance has increased since the time of listing in 1987. When the recovery plan was approved, Palo de Ramón (
398:
to northern and south central Puerto Rico. It is located in area less than 100 to 250 km (40 to 100 sq mi).
274:" mountains in Salinas, where there are fewer than 20 known individuals left in the wild. At the time it was listed as an
58:
899:
628:
531:
605:
1104:
1057:
487:
have also occurred nearby, with sections of the forest being trampled. Other reasons include the restricted range.
98:
891:
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355:
904:
966:
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719:
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and petals that make up the plant's flowers. From each yellow flower, there are many matching yellow
282:
240:
445:
43:
1044:
1130:
1096:
584:
457:
275:
93:
456:. It now occurs in one area along the northwestern coast, with one tiny population located near
1005:
1065:
912:
484:
335:
1070:
750:
707:
579:
437:
1031:
1168:
775:
732:
449:
271:
136:
479:). Its habitat is cut down for agriculture land, cattle grazing and limestone quarrying.
1083:
656:
1078:
386:. It is adapted to the rugged terrain and moist soils of the area of the karst region.
123:
1152:
1026:
789:
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472:
63:
828:
1135:
231:
172:
34:
917:
606:
https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154655/Banara_vanderbiltii
1039:
974:
871:
543:
No
Species Status Assessments (SSA's) are currently available for this species.
383:
263:
862:
806:
347:
255:
182:
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362:) have a role in this process because they have been seen eating the fruit.
297:
1122:
1117:
856:
395:
149:
927:
953:
979:
886:
746:
703:
503:. It was determined to be an endangered species on January 14, 1987.
306:
192:
162:
833:
754:
711:
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Pollination mechanisms are not known. There is speculation that the
278:
of the United States in 1987, there were only six plants remaining.
440:
by urban development. In 1991, there were two populations one at
302:
110:
992:
940:
837:
657:
Determination of endangered status for two Puerto Rican plants.
436:
long ago, but these occurrences have long since been
846:
747:"Biological services program, fiscal year 1976"
704:"Biological services program, fiscal year 1976"
281:The plant was discovered in 1899 and named for
491:Listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)
560:World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998).
285:, who financed plant-collecting expeditions.
8:
585:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38929A10157343.en
1159:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
834:
239:
74:
52:
33:
20:
673:"The Institute for Regional Conservation"
583:
1164:NatureServe critically imperiled species
475:is the biggest threat to Palo de Ramón (
552:
771:
760:
728:
717:
499:was petitioned to be listed under the
651:
649:
647:
645:
619:
617:
615:
613:
338:, deriving its energy from sunlight.
7:
698:
696:
694:
692:
571:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
374:substrates. It is limited to mixed
428:The plant was known to occur near
254:is a rare species of plant in the
14:
97:
1110:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:28931-2
625:"Center for Plant Conservation"
460:and a second, smaller one near
1:
424:Past and current distribution
1179:Critically endangered plants
1174:Endemic flora of Puerto Rico
677:www.regionalconservation.org
317:The reproductive biology of
532:Paratachardina pseudolobata
1195:
16:Species of flowering plant
539:Species status assessment
258:known by the common name
238:
221:
214:
94:Scientific classification
92:
72:
50:
41:
32:
23:
270:, and the east peak of "
262:. It is originates from
807:"ECOS: Species Profile"
450:Las Piedras del Collado
360:Spindalis portoricensis
770:Cite journal requires
727:Cite journal requires
356:Puerto Rican spindalis
578:: e.T38929A10157343.
481:Habitat fragmentation
296:is a fruiting, small
80:Critically Imperiled
59:Critically Endangered
413:Banara vanderbiltii)
382:forests of northern
283:Cornelius Vanderbilt
207:B. vanderbiltii
892:banara-vanderbiltii
878:Banara vanderbiltii
848:Banara vanderbiltii
829:USDA Plants Profile
792:Banara vanderbiltii
564:Banara vanderbiltii
518:Banara vanderbiltii
513:Banara vanderbiltii
497:Banara vanderbiltii
477:Banara vanderbiltii
418:Banara vanderbiltii
342:Pollinator behavior
319:Banara vanderbiltii
294:Banara vanderbiltii
251:Banara vanderbiltii
225:Banara vanderbiltii
44:Conservation status
25:Banara vanderbiltii
485:Military exercises
334:This species is a
276:endangered species
1146:
1145:
1066:Open Tree of Life
840:Taxon identifiers
662:January 14, 1987.
420:) have survived.
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67:
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983:
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743:
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730:
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723:
715:
700:
687:
686:
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669:
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660:Federal Register
653:
640:
639:
637:
636:
627:. Archived from
621:
608:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
587:
557:
524:Five-year review
352:Coereba flaveola
266:in the hills of
243:
227:
102:
101:
81:
78:
77:
61:
56:
55:
37:
21:
1194:
1193:
1189:
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824:
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790:Recovery Plan:
787:
783:
769:
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755:10.2172/5009884
745:
744:
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712:10.2172/5009884
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623:
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611:
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559:
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541:
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493:
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448:and another at
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291:
234:
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210:
96:
88:
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68:
57:
53:
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27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:wfo-0000921336
1127:
1114:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1010:
997:
984:
971:
958:
945:
932:
922:
909:
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883:
868:
852:
850:
844:
843:
838:
832:
831:
823:
822:
798:
781:
772:|journal=
749:. 1977-09-01.
738:
729:|journal=
706:. 1977-09-01.
688:
664:
641:
609:
598:
551:
550:
548:
545:
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537:
525:
522:
508:
505:
492:
489:
469:
466:
425:
422:
408:
405:
403:
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391:
388:
367:
364:
343:
340:
336:photoautotroph
331:
328:
326:
323:
314:
311:
290:
287:
272:Tetas de Cayey
245:
244:
236:
235:
230:
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103:
90:
89:
73:
70:
69:
51:
48:
47:
42:
39:
38:
30:
29:
28:Palo de Ramon
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1191:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
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1128:
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1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
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933:
929:
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919:
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869:
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631:on 2010-12-15
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567:
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556:
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534:
533:
523:
521:
519:
514:
507:Recovery plan
506:
504:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:Deforestation
468:Major threats
467:
465:
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459:
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451:
447:
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439:
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431:
423:
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419:
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310:
308:
304:
299:
295:
288:
286:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
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261:
260:Palo de Ramón
257:
256:willow family
253:
252:
242:
237:
233:
228:
226:
220:
217:
216:Binomial name
213:
209:
208:
203:
200:
199:
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191:
188:
187:
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138:
135:
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129:
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124:Tracheophytes
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
100:
95:
91:
85:
71:
65:
60:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
26:
22:
19:
847:
814:. Retrieved
811:ecos.fws.gov
810:
801:
791:
784:
763:cite journal
741:
720:cite journal
680:. Retrieved
676:
667:
659:
633:. Retrieved
629:the original
601:
589:. Retrieved
575:
569:
563:
555:
542:
530:
527:
517:
512:
510:
496:
494:
476:
471:
427:
417:
412:
410:
402:Conservation
393:
369:
359:
351:
345:
333:
318:
316:
313:Life history
293:
292:
280:
259:
250:
249:
248:
224:
222:
206:
205:
193:
173:Malpighiales
156:
143:
130:
117:
24:
18:
1084:kew-4668462
1040:NatureServe
975:iNaturalist
872:Wikispecies
591:17 November
384:Puerto Rico
289:Description
264:Puerto Rico
137:Angiosperms
84:NatureServe
1153:Categories
1079:Plant List
816:2022-04-28
682:2022-04-28
635:2011-01-20
547:References
438:extirpated
407:Population
354:) and the
348:bananaquit
183:Salicaceae
495:In 1986,
442:Rio Lajas
380:deciduous
376:evergreen
372:limestone
298:evergreen
268:Rio Lajas
201:Species:
107:Kingdom:
1123:13200433
1118:Tropicos
1045:2.154655
1006:10995012
863:Q4853926
857:Wikidata
430:San Juan
179:Family:
150:Eudicots
64:IUCN 2.3
993:28931-2
954:2874156
788:USFWS.
655:USFWS.
462:Bayamón
454:Salinas
396:endemic
366:Habitat
325:Ecology
307:stamens
189:Genus:
169:Order:
111:Plantae
82: (
62: (
1169:Banara
1092:PLANTS
1071:992982
1058:312425
1019:195688
980:189629
967:320031
941:593439
925:ECOS:
905:559773
887:ARKive
446:Dorado
434:Cataño
394:It is
303:sepals
194:Banara
163:Rosids
1097:BAVA2
1032:38929
1001:IRMNG
796:1991.
458:Cayey
390:Range
232:Urban
157:Clade
144:Clade
131:Clade
118:Clade
1105:POWO
1053:NCBI
1027:IUCN
1014:ITIS
988:IPNI
962:GRIN
949:GBIF
928:8113
918:KJZH
900:BOLD
776:help
733:help
593:2021
576:1998
432:and
378:and
330:Diet
1131:WFO
936:EoL
913:CoL
751:doi
708:doi
580:doi
535:).
501:ESA
452:in
444:in
1155::
1133::
1120::
1107::
1094::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1029::
1016::
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990::
977::
964::
951::
938::
915::
902::
889::
874::
859::
809:.
767::
765:}}
761:{{
724::
722:}}
718:{{
691:^
675:.
644:^
612:^
574:.
568:.
464:.
159::
146::
133::
120::
819:.
794:.
778:)
774:(
757:.
753::
735:)
731:(
714:.
710::
685:.
638:.
595:.
582::
566:"
562:"
416:(
358:(
350:(
86:)
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
