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years after the conquest of Sindh, indicating the best-preserved example of the earliest mosques in the region. The remains of the mosque were discovered in 1960. Remains of houses, streets, and other buildings have been found both within and outside the citadel. Contemporary stone buildings from the three periods are also uncovered in the area including a palatial stone building with semi-circular shape, a temple, possibly from the
Buddhist period or earlier, and a mosque. Three gateways to the citadel were also uncovered during excavations.
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469:. It dates back to the Scytho-Parthian era and was later controlled by Muslims from the 8th to the 13th century, after which it was abandoned. Remains of one of the earliest known mosques in the region dating back to 727 AD are still preserved in the city. In 2004, Department of Archaeology and Museums Pakistan submitted the site for UNESCO
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in 1951. Pakistani archaeologist Dr F.A. Khan conducted extensive studies and excavations in the site from 1958 to 1965. In March 2012, the
Culture Department of Government of Sindh organised the first International Conference on Bhanbhore, where different experts and archaeologists presented their
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Archaeological findings show that the city consisted of an enclosed area surrounded by a stone and mud wall. The citadel was divided into eastern and western sections by a fortified stone wall in the center. The eastern part contains ruins of a mosque with an inscription dating to 727 AD, sixteen
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and international traders in the Indian Ocean. Archaeological findings show a half-submerged anchorage structure with solid stone foundation, which may have been used for berthing cargo boats. However, the port was abandoned when the Indus river shifted its position and the creek was silted.
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The Port of
Bhanbhore was submitted for induction in World Heritage Sites by the Department of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan in January 2004. It is currently in the tentative list under the criteria iv, v, and vi of the cultural category.
552:, the last Hindu ruler of Sindh. However, this identification has not yet been confirmed, though numerous research and excavation works have been carried out to link the two cities. Preliminary excavations in the area were first done by
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Bhanbhore was a medieval port city deriving its wealth from imported ceramic and metal goods, an industrial sector, and trade. The city was strategically located at the mouth of the
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F. A. Khan, Banbhore; a preliminary report on the recent archaeological excavations at
Banbhore, Dept. of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, 1963.
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The city of
Bhanbhore dates from the 1st century BC to the 13th century AD. Archaeological records reveal remnants of three distinct periods on the site:
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533:(8th century AD to 13th century AD). The city was gradually deserted after the 13th century due to change in the course of the
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Bhanbhore is situated on the northern bank of Gharo creek, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) east of
Karachi in the
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885:... the Jami' Masjid of Banbhore is one of the earliest known mosques in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent.
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Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol 1: Early
Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam
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and through the centuries, but it has not yet been proven that these historical cities are the same.
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939:"International conference: Experts question if Bhambhore is the historical city of Debal"
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529:(1st century BC to 2nd century AD), Buddhist (2nd century AD to 8th century AD), and
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966:"International Trade of Sindh from its Port Barbarico (Banbhore), 200 BC TO 200 AD"
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Some archaeologist and historians suggest that
Bhanbhore is the historical city of
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457:) is a city dating to the 1st century BCE located in modern-day
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Banbhore Museum: seize of
Bhanbore Fort by Muhammad bin Qasim
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Artifacts discovered from
Bhanbhore in Bhanbhore Museum
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of Sindh, Pakistan. The city ruins are located on the
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Dawn (Herald magazine), Published 23 September 2016.
1014:, Geological Society of America, pp. 123–124,
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1056:Resolving the mystery of an ancient site in Sindh
692:Floor of the Bhanbhore Mosque, dating back 727 AD
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733:List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
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844:. University Press of America. p. 253.
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1034:(Third ed.), Brill, pp. 181–183,
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782:World Heritage Sites, Tentative List
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813:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
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40:Aerial view of the Bhanbhore site
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915:. Govt. of Sindh. Archived from
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975:. pp. 8–35. Archived from
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728:Archaeological Museum Banbhore
593:, linking it with rest of the
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1164:Archaeological sites in Sindh
1159:World Heritage Sites in Sindh
973:Journal Sindhological Studies
652:An old well in Bhanbhore Fort
1169:Tourist attractions in Sindh
704:South wall of Bhanbhore Fort
628:North wall of Bhanbhore Fort
461:. The city ruins lie on the
873:"Friday Mosque of Banbhore"
16:Historical site in Pakistan
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841:An Archaeology of Religion
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544:, which the Arab general
365:Federal Capital Territory
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964:Panhwar (Summer 1981).
554:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar
179:Part of a series on the
561:research on the site.
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1104:Ruins of Mohenjo-daro
1028:Wink, André (1996) ,
1008:Sintubin, M. (2010),
556:in 1928 and later by
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157:After 13th century AD
75:Alternative name
66:Shown within Pakistan
568:(Βαρβαρικόν) to the
495:N-5 National Highway
485:History of Bhanbhore
471:World Heritage Sites
463:N-5 National Highway
355:Independent Pakistan
1011:Ancient Earthquakes
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716:Tower of North wall
606:World Heritage Site
117:24.7514°N 67.5213°E
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1108:Buddhist ruins of
919:on 8 November 2012
913:Culture Department
778:"Port of Banbhore"
666:Muhammad bin Qasim
546:Muhammad bin Qasim
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375:1972 labour unrest
292:Muhammad bin Qasim
202:Prehistoric period
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185:History of Karachi
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1021:978-0-8137-2471-3
909:"Banbhore Museum"
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982:on 4 July 2017
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984:. Retrieved
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921:. Retrieved
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877:. Retrieved
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810:"Banbhore".
786:. Retrieved
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380:Demographics
271:
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1133:Rohtas Fort
1119:Lahore Fort
986:4 September
949:3 September
923:3 September
879:8 September
857:8 September
788:3 September
211:Mulri Hills
120: /
96:Coordinates
1153:Categories
1041:0391041738
749:References
738:Barbarikon
566:Barbaricon
550:Raja Dahir
465:, east of
262:Barbarikon
162:Site notes
136:Settlement
108:67°31′17″E
105:24°45′05″N
875:. ArchNet
819:. ArchNet
437:Bhambhore
433:Bhanbhore
257:Minnagara
229:Allahdino
167:Condition
154:Abandoned
78:Bhambhore
22:Bhanbhore
784:. UNESCO
722:See also
527:Parthian
497:between
477:Location
429:Bambhore
425:Banbhore
385:Violence
272:Banbhore
90:Pakistan
85:Location
615:Gallery
509:History
499:Dhabeji
467:Karachi
454:بھنبھور
252:Krokola
146:Founded
141:History
88:Sindh,
1138:Taxila
1038:
1018:
848:
823:3 June
570:Greeks
523:Scytho
441:Sindhi
170:Ruined
980:(PDF)
969:(PDF)
817:(PDF)
743:Debal
591:Indus
576:Ruins
542:Debal
535:Indus
503:Gharo
445:ڀنڀور
267:Debal
28:ڀنڀور
1121:and
1112:and
1036:ISBN
1016:ISBN
988:2012
951:2012
925:2012
881:2012
859:2012
846:ISBN
825:2019
790:2012
597:and
501:and
449:Urdu
133:Type
435:or
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439:(
413:e
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399:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
