315:
agricultural purposes. Wooden stalls were set up as a market, where prisoners could sell handicrafts, food and beverages, and other products, transforming the camp into more of a small village than a prison. This was successful as a large number of the prisoners were not professional soldiers, but were reservists or volunteers from a wide variety of professional backgrounds (including bakers, cooks, butchers, carpenters, locksmiths, plumbers, shoemakers, tailors, painters, watchmakers, pharmacists, barbers, photographers, washermen, etc) . This ensured a lively exchange among the inmates, who educated each other in courses (economy, geography, art, culture, fortifications, stenography, bookkeeping, language courses, electrical engineering, instrument making, etc.). Through this activity, many inmates acquired qualifications which were useful after the war. In the camp there was a printing shop, which printed programs of events, maps, postcards, lecture notes, entrance tickets, sheet music, advertising leaflets, technical drawings, books, and stamps for use in the camp. The most important publications included the "Daily
Telegram Service Bandō" (daily information sheet) and the camp newspaper "Die Baracke" (published initially weekly, then monthly). This newspaper has been translated into English and is available online, together with the original handwritten German texts.
147:
42:
119:
303:
274:). The conditions in each camp differed considerably. In some prison camps, prisoners enjoyed relatively liberal and humane treatment, while physical abuse occurred in other places. The Japanese government was aware of international scrutiny of its treatment of western prisoners and was anxious that nothing should arise to interfere with its quest to be recognized as a
154:
126:
369:
578:
311:
for use by prisoners as workshops; further booths were spread over the rest of the area. There were two factories and 54 facilities built by the
Japanese Army, including bathrooms, kitchens, toilets, cleaning facilities, hospitals, and bakeries, as well as 127 facilities built by the prisoners themselves.
310:
The total area of the camp was 57,233 square metres (14.143 acres). Enlisted soldiers were housed in eight barracks, arranged in two groups of four; the officers occupied two separate wooden quarters to the north. In the southwest quadrant of the camp was a "business district" with numerous shacks
335:
band) and theater groups. The quality of the performances ranged from simple amateur pieces to professional performances and concerts. During its 32 month existence, over 100 concerts, lectures, as well as several dozen plays and entertainment programs were presented, including venues at nearby
314:
Lieutenant
Colonel Matsue Toyohisa, the former head of the Tokushima camp was appointed camp commander at Bandō. He showed great tolerance for the needs of the prisoners and encouraged them to engage in productive activities. Under his direction, prisoners could lease land for sporting or
318:
Most of the prisoners were released in
December 1919 and January 1920. The majority returned to Germany, but some settled permanently in Japan. The camp was officially closed on February 8, 1920, after which the site was used as a training ground by the Imperial Japanese Army. After
265:
in China were initially temporarily housed in public buildings such as
Buddhist temples, inns or army barracks. However, when it became apparent that the war would not end soon, twelve large camps were set up on the outskirts of twelve Japanese cities (between
394:(home of many of the prisoners) followed. In 1993, a larger new building - in the style of Lüneburg Town Hall - replaced the "German House Naruto" as a museum. On October 27, 2011, German President
146:
606:
959:
118:
68:
949:
249:
in
November 1914 were imprisoned at the camp. When the camp closed in 1920, sixty-three of the prisoners chose to remain in Japan. The site of the camp was designated a
696:
934:
666:
486:
929:
906:
974:
613:
352:, and is celebrated annually with a concert at the Naruto Bunka Kaikan on the first Sunday in June, indirectly leading to the length of audio
41:
969:
944:
939:
875:
735:
331:
The camp had a large number of music groups (the "Kiautschou Sailor
Artillery Band", the "Tokushima Orchestra", the "Schulz Orchestra" and a
898:
465:
776:
752:
979:
261:
In 1914, none of the parties involved in the conflict expected it to last for long, so the German prisoners-of-war taken by the
432:
Two of the original barracks buildings from the Bandō POW camp survive, but not in their original locations. The Akike
Barracks
476:
954:
704:
964:
563:
425:, which explores the cultural interactions between the prisoners and the Japanese, was released It was directed by
357:
345:
674:
348:
in the country. This event is the origin of the popularity of the symphony in Japan, performed numerous times at
278:
and an equal to the
Western nations. The Bandō POW camp was formed in 1917 by merging three older facilities (at
867:
291:
250:
262:
242:
337:
234:
230:
218:
206:
579:"Monument to chief of WWI POW camp, known for humanitarian treatment of POWs, unveiled in Fukushima"
176:
914:
871:
830:
801:
731:
700:
670:
535:
246:
214:
55:
481:
287:
639:
510:
644:
514:
395:
229:. From April 1917 until January 1920, just under a thousand of the 3,900 soldiers of the
593:"Die Baracke: Newspaper of the German Prisoner of War Camp at Bando in Japan 1917-1920"
422:
923:
426:
353:
320:
238:
391:
387:
275:
210:
728:
Other Fronts, Other Wars?: First World War
Studies on the Eve of the Centennial
302:
418:
349:
83:
70:
341:
283:
368:
332:
279:
271:
726:
Burgschwentner, Joachim; Egger, Matthias; Barth-Scalmani, Gunda (2014).
592:
46:
The museum of the history of Bandō prisoner-of-war camp "Baruto-no-niwa"
915:
Autobiographical reminiscences by a Professor whose father was at Bandō
222:
372:
German Bridge, built by the prisoners of Bandō during their captivity
290:) and became an exemplary facility which was highly praised by the
367:
301:
267:
226:
340:. On 1 June 1918 the prisoners mounted the first performance of
697:"Cultural & Tourist Facilities - German House (Doitsu-kan)"
323:, it was used to accommodate Japanese returnees from overseas.
890:
640:"Japan makes Beethoven's Ninth No. 1 for the holidays"
16:
Japanese camp for German prisoners during World War I
401:
In 2006, German-Japanese historical drama Ode to Joy
753:"Japan's gambit in WWI set stage for a dark future"
99:
62:
51:
21:
153:
125:
457:
441:
410:
198:
451:
435:
404:
379:
192:
960:Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps
8:
864:The German Prisoners-of-War in Japan 1914-20
487:List of Historic Sites of Japan (Tokushima)
837:(in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs
808:(in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs
542:(in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs
386:was opened as a museum; two years later a
40:
18:
511:"Bando POW camp: chivalry's last bastion"
950:Foreign relations of the Empire of Japan
504:
502:
498:
466:Registered Tangible Cultural Properties
581:. The Japan Times. September 23, 2018.
213:in the western suburbs of what is now
607:"Heimat Bando (historic photographs)"
7:
638:Brasor, Philip (24 December 2010).
161:Bandō prisoner-of-war camp (Japan)
14:
930:World War I prisoner-of-war camps
777:"- Götterfunken und Kirschblüten"
935:Germany–Japan military relations
390:relationship between Naruto and
152:
145:
136:Show map of Tokushima Prefecture
124:
117:
975:1920 disestablishments in Japan
509:Johnston, Eric (13 June 2006).
177:National Historic Site of Japan
730:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 144.
294:and other foreign observers..
1:
751:Johnston, Eric (2014-06-16).
376:In 1972 the Naruto Doitsu-kan
245:who had been captured at the
970:1917 establishments in Japan
945:German Empire in World War I
940:Foreign relations of Germany
458:
448:and the Kakimotoke Barracks
442:
411:
199:
35:Kriegsgefangenenlager Bandō
996:
862:Burdick, Charles (1984).
667:"Annual Events in Naruto"
477:German–Japanese relations
452:
436:
405:
380:
193:
173:
111:
107:
39:
26:
868:Rowman & Littlefield
835:Cultural Heritage Online
806:Cultural Heritage Online
540:Cultural Heritage Online
306:Plan of the camp in 1917
980:Historic Sites of Japan
292:International Red Cross
373:
307:
263:Imperial Japanese Army
251:National Historic Site
84:34.15917°N 134.49639°E
564:Naruto City home page
371:
305:
243:Austro-Hungarian Navy
955:Japan in World War I
350:the end of each year
235:Imperial German Navy
231:Imperial German Army
219:Tokushima Prefecture
207:prisoner-of-war camp
907:Naruto German House
899:Naruto German House
459:Kakimotoke Barakkke
239:German Marine Corps
221:, on the island of
200:Bandō Furyoshūyōsho
103:37,079.20 sq meters
89:34.15917; 134.49639
80: /
31:Bandō Furyoshūyōsho
398:visited the site.
374:
308:
965:Naruto, Tokushima
877:978-0-8191-3761-6
737:978-90-04-24365-1
247:Siege of Tsingtao
184:
183:
164:Show map of Japan
56:Naruto, Tokushima
987:
911:
903:
895:
881:
850:
849:
846:
844:
842:
827:
821:
820:
817:
815:
813:
798:
792:
791:
789:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
748:
742:
741:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
703:. Archived from
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
673:. Archived from
663:
657:
656:
654:
652:
635:
629:
628:
626:
624:
618:
612:. Archived from
611:
603:
597:
596:
589:
583:
582:
575:
569:
568:
561:
555:
554:
551:
549:
547:
532:
526:
525:
523:
521:
506:
482:Baruto no Gakuen
463:
461:
455:
454:
447:
445:
439:
438:
416:
414:
412:Baruto no gakuen
408:
407:
385:
383:
382:
204:
202:
196:
195:
165:
156:
155:
149:
137:
128:
127:
121:
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
44:
19:
995:
994:
990:
989:
988:
986:
985:
984:
920:
919:
909:
901:
893:
887:
878:
861:
859:
857:Further reading
854:
853:
847:
840:
838:
829:
828:
824:
818:
811:
809:
800:
799:
795:
786:
784:
781:Deutschlandfunk
775:
774:
770:
761:
759:
757:The Japan Times
750:
749:
745:
738:
725:
724:
720:
710:
708:
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
665:
664:
660:
650:
648:
645:The Japan Times
637:
636:
632:
622:
620:
616:
609:
605:
604:
600:
591:
590:
586:
577:
576:
572:
566:
562:
558:
552:
545:
543:
534:
533:
529:
519:
517:
515:The Japan Times
508:
507:
500:
495:
473:
449:
433:
402:
396:Christian Wulff
377:
366:
358:over 74 minutes
329:
300:
259:
190:
180:
179:
169:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:
88:
86:
82:
79:
74:
71:
69:
67:
66:
47:
34:
32:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
993:
991:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
922:
921:
918:
917:
912:
904:
896:
886:
885:External links
883:
876:
858:
855:
852:
851:
822:
793:
768:
743:
736:
718:
688:
658:
630:
598:
584:
570:
556:
527:
497:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
472:
469:
423:Ken Matsudaira
365:
362:
346:Ninth Symphony
328:
325:
299:
296:
258:
255:
188:Bandō POW camp
182:
181:
175:
174:
171:
170:
160:
151:
150:
144:
143:
142:
141:
133:Bandō POW camp
132:
123:
122:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
64:
60:
59:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
24:
23:
22:Bandō POW camp
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
992:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
916:
913:
908:
905:
902:(in Japanese)
900:
897:
892:
891:Bandō Archive
889:
888:
884:
882:
879:
873:
869:
865:
856:
848:(in Japanese)
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:(in Japanese)
807:
803:
797:
794:
782:
778:
772:
769:
758:
754:
747:
744:
739:
733:
729:
722:
719:
707:on 2011-10-06
706:
702:
698:
692:
689:
677:on 2011-10-06
676:
672:
668:
662:
659:
647:
646:
641:
634:
631:
619:on 2012-03-23
615:
608:
602:
599:
594:
588:
585:
580:
574:
571:
567:(in Japanese)
565:
560:
557:
553:(in Japanese)
541:
537:
531:
528:
516:
512:
505:
503:
499:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
468:
467:
460:
444:
443:Akike Barakke
430:
428:
427:Masanobu Deme
424:
420:
413:
399:
397:
393:
389:
370:
363:
361:
359:
355:
354:compact discs
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
326:
324:
322:
316:
312:
304:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
201:
189:
178:
172:
148:
120:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
29:
25:
20:
863:
860:
839:. Retrieved
834:
825:
810:. Retrieved
805:
796:
785:. Retrieved
780:
771:
760:. Retrieved
756:
746:
727:
721:
709:. Retrieved
705:the original
691:
679:. Retrieved
675:the original
661:
649:. Retrieved
643:
633:
621:. Retrieved
614:the original
601:
587:
573:
559:
544:. Retrieved
539:
530:
518:. Retrieved
431:
400:
375:
364:Preservation
330:
321:World War II
317:
313:
309:
260:
187:
185:
28:Native names
27:
910:(in German)
894:(in German)
783:(in German)
701:Naruto City
671:Naruto City
417:, starring
388:sister city
276:Great Power
211:World War I
87: /
75:134°29′47″E
63:Coordinates
924:Categories
787:2021-01-20
762:2021-01-20
536:"板東俘虜収容所跡"
493:References
419:Bruno Ganz
831:"柿本家バラッケ"
802:"安藝家バラッケ"
464:are both
342:Beethoven
338:Ryōzen-ji
327:Orchestra
288:Tokushima
284:Matsuyama
253:in 2002.
72:34°9′33″N
841:15 April
812:15 April
546:15 April
520:29 April
471:See also
392:Lüneburg
333:mandolin
280:Marugame
272:Kumamoto
52:Location
453:柿本家バラッケ
437:安藝家バラッケ
381:鳴門市ドイツ館
257:History
223:Shikoku
209:during
194:板東俘虜収容所
58:, Japan
33:板東俘虜収容所
874:
734:
711:11 May
681:11 May
651:11 May
623:11 May
406:バルトの楽園
356:being
215:Naruto
205:was a
617:(PDF)
610:(PDF)
268:Tokyo
227:Japan
872:ISBN
843:2022
814:2022
732:ISBN
713:2011
683:2011
653:2011
625:2011
548:2022
522:2011
421:and
298:Camp
286:and
270:and
241:and
186:The
100:Area
344:'s
926::
870:.
866:.
833:.
804:.
779:.
755:.
699:.
669:.
642:.
538:.
513:.
501:^
456:,
440:,
429:.
409:,
360:.
282:,
237:,
233:,
225:,
217:,
197:,
880:.
845:.
816:.
790:.
765:.
740:.
715:.
685:.
655:.
627:.
595:.
550:.
524:.
462:)
450:(
446:)
434:(
415:)
403:(
384:)
378:(
203:)
191:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
