163:
102:
346:
232:
31:
742:
374:. The majority of these are in religious works and contain Biblical quotations from the figure depicted – Old Testament prophets for example, were often shown with an appropriate quotation from their work. Because the words are usually religious in nature, the speech scroll is often written in Latin even when appearing in
385:
European speech scrolls may at times be seen in secular works as well and may also contain the name of a person to identify them. On carved figures the words would usually be painted on the scroll and have since worn away. In some Late Gothic and
Renaissance works, and in architectural decoration,
366:
During the 14th century, quotations in banderoles increasingly allowed artists to include more complex ideas in their works, though for the moment usually in Latin, thus greatly restricting the audience that could follow them. In this context, medieval donor illustrations are of particular
158:
or similar markings rarely appear on the
Mesoamerican speech scroll, although "tabs"—small, triangular or square blocks—are sometimes seen along the outer edge. If the speech scroll represents a tongue, then the tabs may represent teeth, but their meaning or message, if any, is not known.
153:
In
Mesoamerica, speech-scrolls are usually oriented upwards along the longest outer edge so that the central element (or "tongue") curves downward as it spirals. Some Mesoamerican scrolls are divided lengthwise with each side given a different shade.
147:
367:
importance, as they recorded the names of the patrons as painted text and thus supplemented the purely pictorial information with readable content for the already literate urban mercantile elite.
386:
very elaborate empty banderoles seem to be for decorative purposes only. The
European speech scroll fell out of favor largely due to an increasing interest in
69:
in the 16th century, and 13th and 14th
European painters. While European speech scrolls were drawn as if they were an actual unfurled scroll or strip of
257:
appear as actual scrolls, floating in apparent three-dimensional space (or in actual space in sculpture). They first become common at the start of the
706:
682:
650:
624:
660:
Obermair, Hannes (2014), "The Use of
Records in Medieval Towns: The Case of Bolzano, South Tyrol", in Marco Mostert; Anna Adamska (eds.),
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and many codex were sponsored to be written in this epoch, such as Codex
Quinatzin, that combines speech scrolls with actual writing.
642:
500:
661:
488:
326:(1308–11), and other works. The convention had a historical appropriateness, as the Old Testament was originally written on
654:
162:
391:
101:
598:
Medieval Images, Icons, and
Chaucer Illustrated English Literary Texts: From Ruthwell Cross to the Ellesmere Chaucer
66:
772:
746:
304:
143:
109:
stick-ball player with a bi-color speech scroll. Note the "tabs" along the outer edge of the speech scroll.
345:
777:
578:
767:
387:
266:
236:
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and other
Christian saints, a convention appearing in Italy in the 13th century. It may be seen in the
253:
In contrast to the abstract nature of
Mesoamerican speech scrolls, Medieval European speech scrolls or
146:
site at Teotihuacan are filled with speech scrolls, in particular tableaus in the Tepantitla compound—
762:
231:
265:, spoken words, if they appeared at all, were usually painted alongside a figure; these are called
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135:
27:
Illustrative device denoting speech in art, used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Medieval Europe
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186:
90:
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35:
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At times, speech scrolls are decorated with devices that describe the tone of the speech:
17:
669:, Utrecht Studies in Medieval History, vol. 27, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 49–68,
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409:
371:
281:
219:
382:. This would also enable the illustration to be used in editions in other languages.
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353:
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124:
78:
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Developed independently on two continents, the device was in use by artists within
30:
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European speech scrolls usually contain the spoken words, much like a modern-day
218:
After the Spanish Conquest, the indigenous languages received adaptations of the
197:
167:
114:
106:
62:
43:
674:
573:, Elin C. Danien and Robert J. Sharer, Eds., University of Pennsylvania Museum.
334:(like modern books). They may also be used for the words of angels, especially
379:
258:
211:
rulers (photo above) are shown insulting two ambassadors through the use of "
403:
70:
58:) is an illustrative device denoting speech, song, or other types of sound.
663:
Writing and the Administration of Medieval Towns: Medieval Urban Literacy I
741:
564:
Writing Without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes
698:
82:
569:
Coggins, Clement Chase (1992). "Pure Language & Lapidary Prose", in
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335:
331:
309:
291:
287:. The latter work demonstrates the use of banderoles as attributes for
121:
327:
317:
313:
208:
579:"John Pohl's - Ancient Books - Mixtec Group Codices - Codex Selden"
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Comics, Manga, and Graphic Novels: A History of Graphic Narratives
344:
230:
204:
161:
118:
100:
86:
29:
613:
The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology
330:, whereas nearly all surviving New Testament manuscripts are
715:
Pohl, Mary; Pope, Kevin O.; Nagy, Christopher von (2002). "
200:
is decorated with feathers to denote "soft, smooth words".
635:
Painting in the Age of Giotto: A Historical Reevaluation
134:, where two lines emit from a bird's mouth followed by
193:, a ruler's speech scroll takes the form of a serpent.
633:Ladis, Andrew & Maginnis, Hayden B. J. (1997),
269:. However, earlier works using banderoles are the
65:cultures from as early as 650 BC until after the
150:, for example, has more than 20 speech scrolls.
294:, to distinguish them from the book-carrying
196:A Spaniard's speech scroll in a 16th-century
8:
166:A mural in the ancient Mesoamerican city of
511:
605:"About the Endangered Language Fund Logo"
73:, Mesoamerican speech scrolls are scroll-
427:
113:Speech scrolls are found throughout the
532:Ladis & Maginnis 1997, pp. 156–161.
523:Ladis & Maginnis 1997, pp. 155–156.
420:
378:illustrations for books written in the
215:" icons attached to the speech scrolls.
615:. Princeton University Press. p.
495:. London: Chaucer Press, 2004. p. 89.
717:Olmec Origins of Mesoamerican Writing
439:Pohl, Pope, Nagy 2002, pp. 1984–1987.
142:," a ruler's name. The murals of the
7:
611:Kantorowicz, Ernst Hartwig (1997).
25:
740:
571:New Theories on the Ancient Maya
38:'s "Annunciation to Saint Anne".
723:, vol. 298, pp. 1984–1987.
280:) and the 12th-century English
1:
357:
274:
240:
171:
128:
691:Petersen, Robert S. (2011).
117:area. An early example is a
794:
675:10.1484/M.USML-EB.1.101928
607:, accessed November 2007.
562:Boone, Elizabeth (1994).
541:Obermair 2014, pp. 66–68.
18:Banderole (speech scroll)
566:, Duke University Press.
450:Endangered Language Fund
207:, the Selden Codex, two
203:In another 16th-century
726:Wishart Trevor (1966).
406:– a streamer or pennant
394:had a similar decline.
350:Epitaph of Jan of Ujazd
338:'s greeting to Mary in
185:In an engraving at the
596:Hilmo, Maidie (2004).
363:
250:
178:
110:
77:, looking much like a
39:
600:, Ashgate Publishing.
461:Coggins 1992, p. 104.
348:
237:Rogier van der Weyden
234:
165:
104:
91:slogans and war-cries
33:
749:at Wikimedia Commons
637:, Penn State Press,
550:Hilmo 2004, p. xxiv.
305:Santa Trinita MaestĂ
261:. Previously, as in
557:General references
479:Boone 1994, p. 59.
364:
251:
179:
175: 2nd century
111:
40:
745:Media related to
708:978-0-313-36330-6
684:978-2-503-54959-0
651:978-0-271-02091-4
626:978-0-691-01704-4
390:in painting; the
16:(Redirected from
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773:Mesoamerican art
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512:Kantorowicz 1997
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470:Wishart, p. 300.
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362:
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296:Four Evangelists
279:
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138:proposed to be "
133:
130:
81:. It is used in
67:Spanish conquest
36:Bernhard Strigel
21:
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285:Cloisters Cross
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247:Braque Triptych
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99:
50:(also called a
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11:
5:
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747:Speech scrolls
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735:External links
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701:. p. 19.
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603:Holt, Dennis,
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493:Van der Weyden
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410:Speech balloon
407:
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372:speech balloon
271:Aachen Gospels
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220:Latin alphabet
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98:
95:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
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2:
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778:Visual motifs
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300:New Testament
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289:Old Testament
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273:of Otto III (
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263:Byzantine art
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259:Gothic period
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132: 650 BC
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125:cylinder seal
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79:question mark
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48:speech scroll
45:
37:
32:
19:
768:Medieval art
730:. Routledge.
728:On Sonic Art
727:
720:
693:
662:
655:google books
634:
612:
597:
586:. Retrieved
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340:Annunciation
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316:, 1280–90),
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191:Chichen Itza
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74:
63:Mesoamerican
60:
55:
51:
47:
41:
34:Detail from
763:Iconography
361: 1450
244: 1452
213:flint knife
198:Aztec codex
168:Teotihuacan
144:Classic era
115:Mesoamerica
107:Teotihuacan
97:Mesoamerica
44:art history
757:Categories
380:vernacular
282:Romanesque
278: 975
255:banderoles
235:Detail of
170:, Mexico,
148:this mural
56:phylactery
416:Citations
404:Banderole
127:dated to
71:parchment
52:banderole
699:ABC-CLIO
398:See also
342:scenes.
292:prophets
227:European
189:site of
83:heraldry
721:Science
588:16 July
577:famsi.
388:realism
376:woodcut
336:Gabriel
332:codices
328:scrolls
310:Cimabue
298:of the
122:ceramic
719:", in
705:
681:
649:
641:
623:
499:
448:Holt,
323:MaestĂ
318:Duccio
314:Uffizi
267:tituli
209:Mixtec
156:Glyphs
140:3 Ajaw
136:glyphs
87:mottos
75:shaped
667:(PDF)
583:FAMSI
205:codex
119:Olmec
703:ISBN
679:ISBN
647:ISBN
639:ISBN
621:ISBN
590:2016
497:ISBN
392:halo
187:Maya
85:for
46:, a
671:doi
320:'s
308:by
239:'s
89:or
54:or
42:In
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653:,
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617:67
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358:c.
356:,
275:c.
241:c.
172:c.
129:c.
105:A
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629:.
592:.
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312:(
249:.
177:)
20:)
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