336:
the NGO. Manado
Administrative Court (in Decision No.04/G.TUN/2012/PTUN.MDO) on 30 August 2012, rejected a lawsuit by Bangka residents and tourism operators to cancel the exploration permit. The plaintiffs successfully appealed at the High Administrative Court of Makassar, South Sulawesi, which on 1 March 2013 (in Decision No.165/B.TUN/2012/PT.TUN.MKS) overturned the Manado Court's ruling. The judges accepted all points of the plaintiffs' case. The verdict revoked the exploration permits and their extensions. The Regent and PT MMP rejected this verdict and appealed to the Supreme Court in Jakarta. On 23 September 2013, the Supreme Court dismissed their appeal. As stipulated in Government Regulation No.26/2008 on National Spatial Planning and Government Regulation No.50/2011 on National Tourism Development Planning, Bunaken National Park and its “surrounding areas” should be regarded as a strategic area for marine tourism, conservation and fishing.
332:, to explore for iron ore on Bangka. The Regent twice extended the permit: first on 20 July 2010, and then again on 20 July 2012. The concession area covered 2,000 hectares and the 2012 extension was broadened to cover "iron ore and other minerals". Many Bangka residents and the local tourism operators opposed the mining plan, fearing a full-scale mining operation and pollution would devastate the island's fragile ecosystem and destroy traditional livelihoods and eco-tourism. Residents and the tourism operators sued the Regent and PT MMP in an effort to prevent the mining. Their lawsuit was partly based on the fact that Bangka is defined as a small island under Law No.27/2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands. This law states that mining is illegal on islands smaller than 2,000 km. Bangka has a surface area of just about 48 km.
44:
355:
Jakarta, the
Ministry's representative agreed to "waive" the implementation of a court ruling against PT MMP and that no further lawsuits would be made against PT MMP. Yang accused some government administrative agencies of conspiring with criminal syndicates to mix up judicial authority, resulting in what he claimed was the wrongful revocation of his company's production permit. He claimed the revocation was an abuse of authority that violated Law 30 of 2014 on Government Administration.
209:
104:
234:
371:
359:
Coordinating Board (BKPM). The meeting resulted in the issuance of a document formally rejecting PT MMP's efforts to re-activate its production permit. PT MMP, which had invested $ 105 million in developing its iron ore production facility, responded by demanding sanctions against the state officials who attended the meeting.
351:, who in 2016 was jailed for corruption. The Supreme Court on 11 August 2016 accepted a lawsuit by Bangka residents to cancel PT MMP's production permit. The Supreme Court ruling was not enforced until Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Ignasius Jonan issued a decree on 23 March 2017, formally revoking the permit.
201:: Bangka's popularity as international tourism destination has increased since its first dive resort was opened in 1987. Most of the sandy beaches and coral reefs attractive to tourists are located at the southwestern and southern parts of the island. The northern coastline is rockier and its waters contain more
340:
exploration permit was ruled a violation of Law No.41/1999 on
Forestry. Local civil servants, including school teachers, were accused of intimidating locals opposed to the mining plan. A campaign to prevent the planned mining gained national attention after receiving support from veteran Indonesian rock band
354:
PT MMP responded by attempting to re-activate its permits. Yang
Yonjian complained the revocation was a violation of a "Peace Deed" signed between PT MMP and a representative of the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry on 15 June 2016. Under the terms of the deed, which was made by a notary in East
335:
PT MMP and local government officials pressed ahead with the mining plan, insisting it would bring economic benefits. The
Director of PT MMP, Yang Yongjian, accused a non-government organization of masterminding anti-mining protests in an effort to extort money from his company, but he did not name
358:
On 5 December 2018, the Energy and
Mineral Resources Ministry's Legal Bureau held a meeting with officials of the Environment and Forestry Ministry, the Director General of Marine Management of the Fisheries and Maritime Resources Ministry and the deputy for Investment Services at the Investment
241:
Small-scale clearing of forest has taken place for several decades, leaving just grass cover on parts of the hilly interior. The island's land also includes forests, orchards, shrubs, and coconut plantations. Mangroves cover just 1.98% (58.7 hectares) of the island. Part of the island's mangrove
221:
Most residents are from the
Sangihe-Siao ethnic group. According to the 2000 census, the population of the island's three villages totaled 2,649 (Lihunu 1,162, Kahuku 983 and Libas 504). In 2010 the population of the villages had declined to 2,397 (Lihunu 1,029, Kahuku 938 and Libas 430). Other
339:
Almost the entire concession area of 2,000 hectares granted to PT MMP has
Limited Production Forest Zone status. Therefore, a special permit must be obtained from the Forestry Ministry, through the North Sulawesi Governor, prior to exploration activities. This was not obtained, so PT MMP's
159:. The island has three main coastal villages: Lihunu, Kahuku, and Libas. Controversy exists over a Chinese company's development of an iron ore mining facility on the island, as the company's permits were revoked by Indonesian courts.
305:: a species of protected marine mammal. Dugongs are known to dwell and feed in waters off the island's coast. Also present is a species of tubular marine sponge, the Petrosia nigricans, from which four new
225:
Most of the population is split between those who work as fishermen and those who work as farmers. Other islanders work as civil servants, teachers, on resorts or other occupations.
970:
242:
forests and coral reefs were destroyed after a
Chinese mining company in 2014 began developing an iron ore mine, despite its permits being revoked by Indonesian courts.
182:
Bangka has an area of 4,778 hectares. The geographical faces of the island include forests, hills, coconut plantations, rocky outcrops, mangroves and pristine beaches.
775:
316:, a popular marine-based international tourism destination. Bangka does not have protected marine park status. The area around Bangka lies on a whale migration path.
179:
to the east. Bangka is southwest of Biaro Island, separated by the Bangka
Passage. Just west of Bangka are the islands of Kinabohutan, Talisei, Tindila, and Gangga.
692:
644:
1081:
197:, cloves, maize and vegetables. Some locals are also employed by the island's five eco-tourism ventures, which specialize in diving and snorkeling.
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906:
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507:
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992:
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344:. Divers warned that pollution from mining at Bangka would lead to the destruction of marine life and nearby marine tourism sites.
847:
151:. Bangka is known for its unspoiled beaches and dive tourism. It belongs administratively to the district of East Likupang in the
1061:"Merasa Izin Usaha Dijegal, Mikgro Surati BKPM dan Dua Menteri Merasa Izin Usaha Dijegal, Mikgro Surati BKPM dan Dua Menteri"
1060:
1120:
951:
393:
524:
1014:
482:
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270:
880:
714:
761:
971:"Keanehan Tambang PT MMP, Warga Menang Berkali-kali di Pengadilan, Mengapa Pemerintah Abai Jalankan Putusan?"
618:
329:
262:
152:
313:
347:
PT MMP's production permit had been issued on 17 July 2014 by Energy and Mineral Resources Minister
328:, in 2008 issued a permit to PT Mikgro Metal Perdana (PT MMP), a subsidiary of the Hong Kong-based
325:
599:
208:
245:
Ecologically, Bangka and its waters contain an abundance of biodiversity. Land animals include
503:
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156:
1114:
168:
63:
20:
603:
554:
1038:"Inikah Akta Perdamaian Mikgro Metal dengan ESDM dan Penggugat yang Disembunyikan?"
576:
Ashour, M.; R. Edrada-Ebel; R. Ebel; V. Wray; R.W.M. van Soest; P. Proksch (2008).
233:
460:
193:
Local commerce involves selling fish and agricultural products such as coconuts,
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79:
75:
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577:
366:
348:
246:
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1083:
370:
278:
148:
109:
438:"Saat Warga Penolak Tambang di Pulau Bangka Curhat pada KPK. Apa Hasilnya?"
285:). There are many coral reefs that attract tropical fish species, such as
525:"Rapid reef health assessment by volunteers in North Sulawesi, Indonesia"
290:
202:
144:
1015:"Warga Tuntut Pulihkan Pulau Bangka yang Rusak oleh Perusahaan Tambang"
254:
776:"Ini Alasan Tolak PT Micgro Metal Perdana Beroperasi di Pulau Bangka"
693:"Law No.27/2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands"
306:
302:
523:
Ponti, Massimo; Marco Bay, Antonella Lavorato; et al. (2012).
578:"New purine derivatives from the marine sponge Petrosia nigricans"
341:
232:
207:
194:
993:"Court sends Jero Wacik to four years in prison for corruption"
415:"Indonesian islanders win struggle against Chinese mining firm"
848:"PERATURAN PEMERINTAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 50 TAHUN 2011"
816:"PERATURAN PEMERINTAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 26 TAHUN 2008"
762:"Putusan PTUN MANADO Nomor 04/G.TUN/2012/PTUN.MDO Tahun 2012"
237:
Manado Coral Garden, divings in Bangka Island, North Sulawesi
222:
residents live outside the villages and at the five resorts.
185:
The largest village is Lihunu, followed by Kahuku and Libas.
907:"Beda Pendapat Soal Tambang, Warga Kahuku Saling Intimidasi"
483:"Jumlah Penduduk dan Rumahtangga Kecamatan Likupang Timur"
532:
12th International Coral Reef Symposium Book of Abstracts
736:"Presdir PT MMP: LSM Dalang Kekisruhan di Pulau Bangka"
645:"Ketika Kapal Perang Menjadi Alat Transportasi Tambang"
794:"Supreme Court Information on Case No. 291 K/TUN/2013"
143:
is a small island located off the northeastern tip of
715:"Sarundajang Sebut Investasi Pulau Bangka 19 Triliun"
212:
A satellite image of Bangka Island, Sulawesi, 2022.
130:
122:
117:
93:
85:
69:
59:
54:
31:
555:"Indonesian sponges of the genus Petrosia Vosmaer"
952:"Petition Set Up to Save Sulawesi's Bangka Isle"
881:"WALHI "Tantang" Pemprov Sulut dan Pemkab Minut"
499:Irreplaceable: The fight to save our wild places
394:"Activist: Chinese Company Has No Mining Permit"
175:(Indonesian: Laut Sulawesi) to the west and the
926:"Kaka Slank Tolak Eksplorasi di Pulau Bangka"
8:
26:
42:
25:
924:Buol, Ronny Adolof (September 29, 2013).
593:
969:Arumingtyas, Lusia (30 September 2016).
502:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 182–.
617:Anggraini, Fransiska (April 28, 2011).
384:
905:Buol, Ronny Adolof (October 2, 2013).
1059:Suud, Yuswardi A (15 December 2018).
1036:Suud, Yuswardi A (16 December 2018).
89:47.78 km (18.45 sq mi)
7:
995:. The Jakarta Post. 9 February 2016
417:. Asia Pacific Report. 6 April 2017
553:De Voogd, N.J.; Van Soest, R.W.M.
312:Bangka Island is located close to
14:
557:. Zoölogische Mededelingen Leiden
459:Toumbourou, Tessa (11 May 2014).
261:- a nocturnal arboreal primate),
167:Bangka is located in the western
369:
309:derivatives have been isolated.
102:
950:Amoto, Olga (26 October 2013).
671:"EXPERT OPINION: Michael Ishak"
647:. Lentera Timur. Archived from
496:Julian Hoffman (27 June 2019).
436:Doaly, Themmy (30 April 2018).
582:Natural Product Communications
392:Diplomatic Ties (2011-12-07).
324:The Regent of North Minahasa,
1:
1136:Populated places in Indonesia
1131:Islands of the Pacific Ocean
314:Bunaken Marine National Park
1126:Landforms of North Sulawesi
1017:. Kompas.com. 12 April 2017
764:. Indonesian Supreme Court.
1152:
796:. Indonesian Supreme Court
595:10.1177/1934578X0800301119
271:Asian water monitor lizard
18:
879:Amas (October 15, 2012).
98:
50:
41:
619:"A Charming Alternative"
205:than spectacular coral.
19:Not to be confused with
157:North Sulawesi province
330:Aempire Resource Group
238:
213:
153:North Minahasa regency
588:(11): 1, 889–1, 894.
236:
211:
267:Phalanger orientalis
1121:Islands of Sulawesi
1093: /
396:. The Jakarta Globe
28:
16:Island in Indonesia
860:on 24 January 2014
782:. August 31, 2013.
643:Iqbal, TM. Dhani.
463:. Inside Indonesia
320:Mining controversy
239:
214:
1097:1.788°N 125.149°E
956:The Jakarta Globe
885:Berita.Manado.com
740:BeritaKawanua.com
509:978-0-241-97950-1
461:"Mining paradise"
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853:. Archived from
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742:. 5 October 2013
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259:Carlito syrichta
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295:pygmy seahorses
251:Rusa timorensis
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1102:1.788; 125.149
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1006:
984:
961:
942:
916:
897:
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839:
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780:Berita Kawanua
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377:Islands portal
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171:, between the
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94:Administration
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828:on 2014-03-27
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663:
651:on 2013-12-28
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326:Sompie Singal
319:
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304:
301:, as well as
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296:
292:
288:
287:Napoleon fish
284:
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272:
268:
264:
263:common cuscus
260:
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247:Javanese deer
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169:Pacific Ocean
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141:Bangka Island
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64:Pacific Ocean
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33:Native name:
30:
22:
21:Bangka Island
1078:
1065:. Retrieved
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
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1019:. Retrieved
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997:. Retrieved
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888:. Retrieved
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862:. Retrieved
855:the original
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830:. Retrieved
823:the original
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744:. Retrieved
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718:. Retrieved
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675:. Retrieved
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649:the original
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134:2,397 (2010)
118:Demographics
100:
35:Palau Bangka
1100: /
1088:125°08′56″E
1067:23 February
1063:. Bizlaw.id
1044:23 February
1040:. Bizlaw.id
1021:23 February
999:23 February
977:23 February
561:13 November
467:23 February
444:23 February
421:23 February
299:nudibranchs
229:Environment
177:Molucca Sea
173:Celebes Sea
80:Molucca Sea
76:Celebes Sea
71:Adjacent to
1115:Categories
973:. Mongabay
935:October 8,
800:28 October
746:23 October
677:23 October
655:October 9,
628:October 8,
538:October 9,
440:. Mongabay
400:2014-06-26
363:References
349:Jero Wacik
283:Sus scrofa
217:Demography
131:Population
1085:1°47′17″N
279:wild boar
163:Geography
149:Indonesia
110:Indonesia
55:Geography
604:82420794
291:frogfish
203:seagrass
145:Sulawesi
126:Bangkish
60:Location
890:14 July
864:27 June
832:27 June
720:14 July
698:27 June
303:dugongs
255:tarsier
199:Tourism
189:Economy
123:Demonym
930:Kompas
911:Kompas
602:
506:
485:. BPS.
307:purine
277:) and
107:
27:Bangka
858:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
826:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
673:. WWF
600:S2CID
534:: 478
528:(PDF)
342:Slank
195:copra
1069:2020
1046:2020
1023:2020
1001:2020
979:2020
937:2013
892:2014
866:2014
834:2014
802:2013
748:2013
722:2014
700:2014
679:2013
657:2013
630:2013
563:2013
540:2013
504:ISBN
469:2020
446:2020
423:2020
297:and
86:Area
590:doi
269:),
253:),
1117::
954:.
928:.
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