693:, was appointed as the administrator of the camp, and he, his staff, and his German supervisors took over the camp on 5 July. The camp admitted its first inmates on 9 July, while building works were still ongoing. The first prisoners were held in one large basement room. For the first two months of its operation, the camp was surrounded by a barbed wire fence. As this was considered inadequate to prevent escape, Jovanović ordered Janjušević to build a masonry wall around the camp. In early September, construction commenced on the wall and a guardhouse. The wall was completed within a month, and was 5 metres (16 ft) high, enclosing the camp in the form of a pentagon, with towers set at each corner in which machine guns and searchlights were mounted. The camp was divided into sections, with one part for Gestapo prisoners, another for those arrested by the SP UGB, and a third area which held a mixed group of prisoners when either or both of the other two sections were at capacity. After the war, while he was being interrogated, Jovanović explained that this division had come about when "the Gestapo arrived one day without warning and decreed that one-third of the camp would belong to the Serbian authorities, and the rest they took for their prisoners". Initially the Gestapo and Serbian State Guard jointly guarded the camp, but this was later delegated to the Serbian State Guard alone.
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Soviet Union and several
Western European countries. From the partially preserved archive of the camp which was not destroyed, data for 3,849 executed have been saved. Among them was 3,420 men and 429 women, while by age was 22 children up to 7 years, from 7 to 14 years was 27 children, from 14 to 17 years was 76 persons, from 17 to 21 years was 564 persons, from 21 to 35 years was 1,703 persons, from 35 to 50 was 1,074 persons and over 50 years was 348 persons. Preserved data also show informations about who sent the prisoners to the camp, German SS troops sent 2,392 persons, German army sent 105 persons, Belgrade city administration sent 977 persons, Criminal police sent 93 persons, Serbian military detachments sent 141 persons and Districts of Serbia and Police Headquarters sent 241 persons. Most were killed by the Germans, but also by the
926:. Executions occurred frequently at Vujković's whim and he rarely asked for approval from German or Serbian authorities to carry out murders. He purportedly ordered the killing of prisoners even in cases where the Ministry of Interior decided against execution. Vujković is reported to have begged the Germans to "personally shoot twenty young girls who were ordered for shooting" on one occasion. Despite this, neither he nor any other Serbs holding positions of power in the camp were reprimanded or removed from their posts by the Serbian collaborationist government. When prisoners complained of lack of food, Vujković and his associates replied by saying: " didn't come here for spa therapy and food, but to be executed. To eat more or less will not save your lives." The Belgrade Circuit Court sentenced him to death on November 1949.
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Throughout the camp's operation, guards would regularly beat and mistreat prisoners. The camp was notorious for its brutality and executions were frequent and random. Inmates were expected to follow the standard rules of conduct that were implemented in other German camps. These rules prohibited singing, speaking loudly, having conversations on political subjects, possessing writing utensils and paper, and all other personal belongings. The infraction of any of these rules would result in execution. Despite this, imprisoned anti-fascists defied the
Germans by singing Partisan songs, shouting their support for Tito and
447:
69:
1047:. 186 Jewish inmates were transferred to Sajmište. Of these, 103 were taken from the camp by the Gestapo, and a small number of those who survived were either sent to forced labor, were transferred to another camp, or were unaccounted for. After the war, Banjica's German commander, Willy Friedrich, was tried by a Yugoslav military court in Belgrade on 27 March 1947, and was sentenced to death. Police Commissioner Vujković survived the war; he was captured and tried for war crimes by
638:) on 30 May 1941, consisting of ten commissioners. Aćimović was virulently anti-communist and had been in contact with the German police before the war. Upon capturing Belgrade, the Germans ordered the city's 12,000 Jews to report themselves to the occupational authorities, and 9,145 did so. Jews were removed from all official posts by 14 May, and a series of anti-Jewish laws were passed prohibiting them from activities ranging from going to restaurants to riding streetcars.
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they took. While the
Gestapo were often harsher on the inmates than their quislings, on some occasions the Serbian staff were worse than the Gestapo. In the camp, Vujković together with the Germans selected prisoners for execution. On 19 February 1943 Vujković selected 215 prisoners of Banjica camp for execution. Hostages held to be killed in reprisal for attacks on German or Serbian collaborationist forces were generally held in the Gestapo section of the camp.
1024:
712:(military police), mainly for minor offences against the occupation regime, but peasants were also arrested for failing to meet farm production quotas set by the German occupation authorities. Nearly 9,000 of the inmates were brought to the camp by Serbian collaborators. A detailed account of the organisations that arrested and brought inmates to the Banjica concentration camp is as follows:
76:
49:
681:, Jovanović was also the chief of Serbian State Security for Aćimović's puppet regime. A three man committee was created to determine the site for the camp. The committee consisted of Jovanović's deputy city administrator, Miodrag Đorđević, the chief engineer of Belgrade, Milan Janjušević, and an unnamed representative of the Gestapo. The committee chose the former barracks of the
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316:, which was under full control of the occupational forces. However although German forces took the leading and guiding role of the Final Solution in Serbia, and the Germans monopolized the killing of Jews, they were actively aided in that role by Serbian collaborators. Later, Friedrich was tried, found guilty and executed for
689:. Once the site was identified, the buildings had to be prepared for receiving a large number of prisoners, and secured against escape. Jovanović had overall responsibility for this work, with Janjušević managing the work at the camp. The former chief of the anti-communist section of the interwar Belgrade General Police,
922:, a noted sadist who collaborated enthusiastically with the Germans, interrogated prisoners and devised a number of humiliating torture techniques. Vujković had been a high-ranking official in the pre-war Belgrade police. He was involved in the persecution of Yugoslavia's communists even before the outbreak of
646:
The earliest written reference to the establishment of a concentration camp for communists and others considered "dangerous to public order" within
Belgrade itself was a 26 May 1941 report of the Serbian Gendarmerie Command, which indicated that such a camp was being considered. In the same month, an
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Throughout the war, 23,697 individuals were detained in
Banjica, including 688 Jews. At least 3,849 inmates—including a minimum of 382 Jews—died at the camp. Of these, 3,420 were men and 429 were women. Prisoners were mostly Serbian by origin, 73% of them, the others were Jews, Roma, and citizens of
696:
While
Vujković was the administrator of the camp, he and his staff were at all times subject to the supervision of the Gestapo. The Germans often took decisions without reference to Vujković and his staff, but the Serbian staff were required to obtain approval from the Gestapo for nearly all actions
534:
In order to establish the military occupation of the territory, the German
Military Commander in Serbia was allocated a staff, divided into military and administrative branches, and he was allocated personnel to form four area commands and about ten district commands, which reported to the chief of
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calls
Banjica the most notorious concentration camp in Serbia during World War II. A small monument dedicated to the victims of the camp exists in Belgrade. The Museum of the Banjica Concentration Camp, first opened in 1969, is dedicated to the memory of those who were detained in the camp and the
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Before arriving at the camp, inmates would spend several days in the custody of the
Gestapo and SP UGB, where they were tortured and beaten. By the time they were transferred from these detention centers to Banjica, some of the prisoners would already have displayed signs of serious mutilation.
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Most of those detained at the camp were arrested by either the
Gestapo or by the SP UGB acting as agents of the Gestapo. Some groups of prisoners were sent to the camp by Wehrmacht units or the SS who had rounded them up during counter-insurgency operations. Others were arrested by the German
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to murder Jewish inmates on two separate occasions. A number of Chetnik guerrillas were imprisoned in the camp that autumn. Executions continued throughout the war, and many inmates were shot as hostages. By September 1944, collaborationists of the Serbian State Guard,
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A handkerchief of the Partisan resistance fighter Rada Nikolić, an inmate of Banjica concentration camp. She embroidered the names of her comrades and the dates of their execution into the handkerchief. The only execution date left out is her own - 20 August
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were responsible for executions including the killing of children, but records indicate that the majority of executions were carried out by the Germans, with the assistance of the Serbian State Guard. In the spring of 1942 the Germans used a
1890:
Sretenije Zorkić, (Сретеније Зоркић), 1959, Терор у Београду за време непријатељске окупације, Годишњак града Београда(Serbian), књ. VI, Београд, "Terror in Belgrade during the enemy occupation, Yearbook of the City of Belgrade" #page=
499:. On Hitler's personal orders to crush the resistance in Serbia, the German military started shooting 100 hostages for every German killed, and 50 for every wounded. The Germans thus killed 30,000 Serbian civilians, including 3,000 in a
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The first mass execution in Banjica occurred on 17 December 1941, when 170 prisoners were shot. By the end of 1941 the camp held between 2,000 and 3,000 prisoners. By 1942, most Jews in occupied Serbia were taken to Banjica and shot at
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Yugoslavia was quickly overwhelmed by the combined strength of the Axis powers and surrendered in less than two weeks. The government and royal family went into exile, and the country was occupied and dismembered by its neighbours. The
324:
authorities. 23,697 individuals were detained in Banjica throughout the war, at least 3,849 of whom perished. After the war, a small monument dedicated to the victims of the camp was constructed. The site is now a museum.
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organisation that had been established in mid-May by Jovanović, who was now the German-appointed administrator of Belgrade. The conference decided to undertake a comprehensive preemptive campaign against the communists.
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of Yugoslav prisoners to incinerate the remains of those killed in Banjica. A surviving member of the chain gang, Momčilo Damjanović, testified that the incineration of the corpses was organized by a unit of the
874:; KPJ) or participants in that summer's anti-fascist uprising. The majority of prisoners were Serbs. The camp held men and women of all ages, as well as young children. A sizeable number of inmates were Jews and
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All Germans left Banjica on October 2. All the camp prisoners of the second and third category were set free on October 3. The last 31 prisoners (the first category) were released on October 4, 1944.
257:. In response to escalating resistance, the German army instituted severe repressive measures – mass executions of civilian hostages and the establishment of concentration camps. Located in the
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borders and was kept under directly military occupation by the Germans due to the key rail and riverine transport routes that passed through it, as well as its valuable resources, particularly
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the administrative staff, and the military staff allocated the troops of the four local defence battalions across the area commands. The first military commander in the occupied territory was
412:
began placing heavy pressure on Yugoslavia to join the Axis. On 25 March 1941, after some delay, the Yugoslav government conditionally signed the Pact. Two days later, a group of pro-Western,
862:, a pre-war politician who was known to have pro-Axis leanings, who had been selected to lead the puppet government by the Germans. Most of the inmates were individuals affiliated with the
1003:(Security Police) and German military police, as well as 100 Jewish and Serbian prisoners was engaged in its gruesome task of obliterating the traces of the murders up to the fall of 1944.
671:
The camp was formally established prior to 22 June 1941, documented by a letter of that date from Turner to Aćimović. Responsibility for establishing the camp fell to Turner's deputy, SS-
384:. From that time, Yugoslavia was almost completely surrounded by the Axis powers and their satellites, and her neutral stance toward the war became strained. In late February 1941,
655:
had begun organising for an armed struggle against the occupiers and their local collaborators. On 19 June, the MUP held a conference with senior German police and members of the
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488:, Helmuth Förster, issued the main Race Laws, which excluded Jews and Roma from public and economic life, seized their property and required them to register for forced labor.
99:
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Most of the killings at camp were carried out by the Gestapo. Those committed by the SP UGB and the SDS were carried out under the orders of Belgrade police commissioner
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The Germans began a search for a suitable Serb to lead a collaborationist regime in the occupied territory. Consideration was given to appointing Belgrade police chief
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68:
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651:, MUP) also mentioned a plan to establish a concentration camp to hold known communists and other persons. Following the invasion and defeat of Yugoslavia, the
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also controlled the 64th Reserve Police Battalion. While he was formally responsible to Turner, Fuchs reported directly to his superiors at the RSHA in Berlin.
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999:, came to Belgrade in order to set up a unit that would disinter the bodies of the murder victims and burn them. The unit, consisting of fifty members of the
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Sretenije Zorkić, (Сретеније Зоркић), 1959, Терор у Београду за време непријатељске окупације, Годишњак града Београда(Serbian), књ. VI, Београд, #page= 470
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The Museum of the Banjica Concentration Camp was opened in 1969, and contains more than four hundred items relating to the camp and its operation.
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armed resistance broke out in Serbia, quickly spreading and leading to the establishment of the first liberated territory in occupied Europe, the
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Antić, Ana (2012). "Police Force Under Occupation: Serbian State Guard and Volunteers' Corps in the Holocaust". In Horowitz, Sara R. (ed.).
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victims of other Nazi concentration camps. It contains an exhibition of over four hundred items relating to the camp and its operation.
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Even before the Yugoslav Army surrendered, German military authorities ordered the registration of all Serbian Jews. On 30 May 1941 the
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Ramet, Sabrina P.; Lazić, Sladjana (2011). "The Collaborationist Regime of Milan Nedić". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.).
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352:, Yugoslavia shared a border with the Third Reich and came under increasing pressure as her neighbours aligned themselves with the
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captured about 455 of the remaining Jews in the occupied territory who were sent to the camp where they were killed immediately.
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906:, and by holding lectures, discussions, one-act plays, recitals, and even folk-song and dance performances on the campgrounds.
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269:—it was originally used by the Germans as a center for holding hostages. The camp was later used to hold anti-fascist
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Banjica was operational from July 1941 to October 1944. It was jointly run by German occupiers under the command of
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428:
981:, the man responsible for erasing traces of German atrocities throughout German-occupied Europe. According to the
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Psychological Survival in Banjica Concentration Camp due to Inmate Creativity. A Recommendation to Future Victims
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and the Jewish cemetery. Thousands were killed at those execution sites. According to survivors, the SP UGB and
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Georg Kiessel, who was responsible for overseeing Jovanović. In addition to his role as the administrator of
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To crush the resistance and exterminate Jews, Germans also established concentration camps – at Banjica,
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Hehn, Paul N. (1971). "Serbia, Croatia and Germany 1941–1945: Civil War and Revolution in the Balkans".
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626:, but the German Military Commander in Serbia selected former Yugoslav Minister of Internal Affairs
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Prominent intellectuals and artists who were imprisoned or killed at Banjica or killed at Jajinci:
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and commanded by Gestapo official Willy Friedrich, in cooperation with the SP UGB. Members of the
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878:. Rafael Israeli notes that of the 23,637 inmates, 688 were Jews, of whom 382 were killed by the
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and other opponents of Nazi Germany. By 1942, most executions occurred at the firing ranges at
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2130:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 2. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institut za Savremenu Istoriju.
2108:
2107:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 1. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institut za Savremenu Istoriju.
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Zbornik Dokumenta, Volume 1, Issue 4, Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade, Serbia) 1954 p. 206
522:. Additionally, to fight the resistance, the Germans set up a quisling administration, under
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1051:'s new communist government. He was eventually found guilty, sentenced to death, and shot.
476:. The occupied territory covered about 51,000 km and had a population of 3.8 million.
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officer, appointed on 20 April 1941, assisted by the chief of the administrative staff,
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in the camp, 186 were transferred to the main Nazi concentration for Serbian Jews at
875:
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519:
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854:; SDS) acted as prison staff. The SDS were the military arm of the collaborationist
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on the throne, and brought to power a "government of national unity" led by General
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2369:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb, Yugoslavia: Centar za informacije i publicitet.
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Behind Barbed Wire: An Encyclopedia of Concentration and Prisoner-of-War Camps
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and killed or used as force labor. The Jewish inmates hailed from Belgrade,
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340:
321:
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526:, but he was given very limited powers, and was unable to establish order.
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War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration
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364:. At the outbreak of World War II, the Yugoslav government declared its
356:. In April 1939, Italy opened a second frontier with Yugoslavia when it
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Back to the Sources: Re-examining Perpetrators, Victims and Bystanders
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Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the 20th Century
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order from Aćimović's Ministry of Internal Affairs (Serbo-Croatian:
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2473:
The Nazi Holocaust. Part 6: The Victims of the Holocaust, Volume 2
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The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005
439:. The coup enraged Hitler, who immediately ordered the country's
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Anti-Genocide: Building an American Movement to Prevent Genocide
573:, which was a grouping that included various detachments of the
559:. A further key figure in the initial German administration was
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179:
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2325:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Serbia: Istorijski arhiv.
1924:
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Dead-End Journey: The Tragic Story of the Kladovo-Šabac Group
1329:
1327:
1325:
685:'s 18th Infantry Regiment, located in the Belgrade suburb of
27:
Nazi German concentration camp in modern-day Belgrade, Serbia
2699:. United Nations War Crimes Commission. 1948. Archived from
2542:. Washington, D.C.: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
2297:
The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941–1945
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1809:
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1447:
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1672:
1374:
1372:
1352:"Holocaust in Serbia - Semlin Judenlager - Open University"
518:, etc – in which they interred Serb antifascists, Jews and
2198:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press.
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joined the Pact. The following day, German troops entered
2388:
Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia
2194:
Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History
2640:"Položeni venci na spomenik stradalima u logoru Banjica"
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Shelach, Menachem (1989). Marrus, Michael Robert (ed.).
1982:
1980:
1978:
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1019:
A monument to those executed at the Jajinci firing range
57:, which served as an execution site for Banjica inmates.
2218:
Tito Speaks: His Self-Portrait and Struggle with Stalin
1976:
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1968:
1966:
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1962:
1960:
1958:
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1706:
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1244:, p. 350, official name of the occupied territory.
2654:. Museum of the City of Belgrade. 2010. Archived from
1647:
1645:
1643:
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1554:
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2300:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
2276:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group.
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After the first execution in Banjica on 16 July 1941.
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2523:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
507:. Among the executed were thousands of Jewish men.
198:
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53:A German soldier points his rifle at a prisoner in
34:
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2455:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.
2391:. New York, New York: Columbia University Press.
1998:
400:. Intending to secure his southern flank for the
2538:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (1994).
2232:. New York, New York: East European Monographs.
778:Serbian State Guard, Ljotic's units and Chetniks
3895:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
2022:
989:
886:, and 103 more were taken from the camp by the
380:, aligning themselves with the Axis, and Italy
2346:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
1912:
450:Map of the German-occupied territory of Serbia
83:Location of Banjica within occupied Yugoslavia
4255:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
2743:
718:Brought to the Banjica concentration camp by
243:Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
229:
143:Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
8:
2620:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
2230:Scars and Memory: Four Lives in One Lifetime
2035:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
1083:Josip "Bepo" Benković, painter (killed 1943)
3954:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
2691:(in Serbo-Croatian). RTS. October 24, 2012.
2666:(in Serbo-Croatian). Museum of Herceg-Novi.
2220:. London, England: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
2084:. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
4139:
4116:
3959:
3937:
3590:
3581:
3568:
3433:
3075:
3058:
2766:
2750:
2736:
2728:
1839:
1815:
1453:
1438:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1333:
1304:
1280:
31:
2452:Tito, Mihailović and the Allies 1941–1945
2412:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
2172:. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.
1663:
1631:United Nations War Crimes Commission 1948
1035:The monument to the Holocaust victims in
661:Specijalna policija Uprave grada Beograda
249:of the Third Reich established after the
2499:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2367:Night and Fog: The Gestapo in Yugoslavia
2251:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Volume IV
2151:. London, England: Cornerstone Digital.
1986:
1863:
1800:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1570:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1477:
1426:
714:
701:Arrest, torture and transfer to the camp
2495:A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples
2431:. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
2361:Odić, Slavko; Komarica, Slavko (1977).
2010:
1900:
1788:
1728:
1695:
1678:
1316:
1292:
1268:
1253:
1222:
1186:(1892–1941), Zionist, killed at Banjica
368:. Between September and November 1940,
4428:Nazi concentration camps in Yugoslavia
2050:. Belgrade City Museum. Archived from
2048:"Museum of Banjica Concentration Camp"
1851:
1749:
1489:
1229:
1192:(1872–1945), historian and philologist
995:Paul Blobel, the officer in charge of
2671:Rogošić, Željko (December 20, 2007).
2646:(in Serbo-Croatian). October 6, 2012.
2585:(4). University of Alberta: 344–373.
2540:Days of Remembrance: April 3–10, 1994
2491:Singleton, Frederick Bernard (1985).
2429:Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two
1938:"Yugoslavia | Jewish Women's Archive"
1879:p. 2; Austin Publishing Group, 2019,
1875:Tomić, Milić, Lazić and Marinković;
1827:
1716:
1651:
1558:
1465:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1089:(1897–1990), politician and historian
251:Invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia
7:
3542:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
2716:Museum of Banjica concentration camp
2547:Weiner, Hana; Ôfer, Dāliyyā (1996).
1241:
4347:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
1925:Museum of the City of Belgrade 2010
1152:(1889–1977), historian and academic
486:German Military Commander in Serbia
462:German-occupied territory of Serbia
443:, which commenced on 6 April 1941.
2363:Noć i magla: Gestapo u Jugoslaviji
2318:Logor Banjica: Logoraši, 1941–1944
1146:(1907–1944), painter, killed by SS
1131:(1906–1943), footballer and doctor
1080:(1876–1960), linguist and academic
963:In late 1944 the Germans forced a
898:, and various European countries.
25:
2148:The Origins Of The Final Solution
308:official Willy Friedrich and the
3910:Polish leaders and intellectuals
3400:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
2664:"Galerija "Josip Bepo Benković""
2323:Banjica Camp: Inmates, 1941–1944
2255:. Macmillan Publishing Company.
872:Komunistička partija Jugoslavije
856:Government of National Salvation
649:Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova
186:and other anti-fascist prisoners
74:
67:
47:
2697:"Some Noteworthy War Criminals"
2553:. University Press of America.
1762:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2018).
419:officers deposed the country's
4438:Serbia under German occupation
3838:Attack on the twentieth convoy
3651:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
2591:10.1080/00085006.1971.11091249
2145:Browning, Christopher (2014).
1125:, politicologist (killed 1944)
1074:(1907–1942), communist leader,
663:, SP UGB), a collaborationist
618:Collaborationist puppet regime
606:(Foreign Security Service, or
166:5 July 1941 – 3/4 October 1944
155:, Belgrade Special Police and
1:
2476:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
2315:Micković, Evica, ed. (2009).
1480:, pp. 28–29 & 44–45.
1119:, philologist and philosopher
984:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
864:Communist Party of Yugoslavia
653:Communist Party of Yugoslavia
530:German occupation authorities
431:, placed his teenaged nephew
4443:World War II sites in Serbia
4418:Jews and Judaism in Belgrade
4175:Jewish war conspiracy theory
3366:Extermination through labour
2652:"Museum of the Banjica camp"
1027:The monument park in Jajinci
501:mass execution at Kragujevac
4357:Righteous Among the Nations
3043:Righteous Among the Nations
2616:"In Memoriam: Sime Spitzer"
871:
851:
660:
648:
635:
4459:
4403:Banjica concentration camp
4094:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
4064:Lithuanian Security Police
3983:Reich Security Main Office
2950:Evidence and documentation
2406:Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006).
2166:Ćirković, Sima M. (2004).
1156:Vlastimir Pavlović Carevac
575:Reich Security Main Office
555:and State Councillor, Dr.
396:, closing the ring around
360:and occupied neighbouring
210:Banjica concentration camp
18:Banjica Concentration Camp
4433:Nazi war crimes in Serbia
4310:Books and other resources
4138:
4115:
3949:
3936:
3580:
3567:
3074:
3057:
2842:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2765:
2721:October 29, 2021, at the
1913:Blic & 6 October 2012
838:It was run by the German
583:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
480:Resistance and repression
334:Prelude to the occupation
320:by Yugoslavia's post-war
225:
62:
46:
39:
3900:People with disabilities
3833:Aid and Rescue Committee
2579:Canadian Slavonic Papers
2270:Hirsch, Herbert (2002).
1768:. ABC-CLIO. p. 25.
1140:Aleksandar Leko, chemist
1101:(1874–1944), ethnologist
417:Royal Yugoslav Air Force
4041:Order Police battalions
2673:"Slavne žene Dalmacije"
2247:Gutman, Israel (1995).
2124:Logor Banjica 1941–1944
2122:Begović, Sima (1989b).
2101:Logor Banjica 1941–1944
2099:Begović, Sima (1989a).
1528:, pp. 32 & 34.
954:Serbian Volunteer Corps
757:Belgrade Special Police
657:Belgrade Special Police
632:Commissioner Government
589:(Secret State Police),
247:military administration
174:Primarily anti-fascist
4413:Jewish Serbian history
4408:20th century in Serbia
3890:Soviet urban residents
2981:International response
2955:Contemporary knowledge
2128:Banjica camp 1941–1944
2105:Banjica camp 1941–1944
1840:Weiner & Ôfer 1996
1334:Ramet & Lazić 2011
1137:, literature historian
1095:(1894–1988), architect
1039:
1028:
1020:
1005:
915:
835:
630:. Aćimović formed his
582:
451:
230:
217:
4337:Memorials and museums
4275:Reparations Agreement
4270:Holocaust restitution
3848:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
3371:Human experimentation
3210:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
2703:on December 13, 2005.
2675:(in Serbo-Croatian).
2383:Pavlowitch, Stevan K.
2340:Mojzes, Paul (2011).
1999:Museum of Herceg-Novi
1158:(1895–1965), composer
1034:
1026:
1018:
912:
852:Srpska državna straža
833:
746:German Field Commands
612:Einsatzgruppe Serbien
595:(Criminal Police, or
449:
115:44.77083°N 20.46750°E
4423:Persecution of Serbs
3537:Jewish Ghetto Police
3406:Politische Abteilung
3301:Risiera di San Sabba
3162:Natzweiler-Struthof
1180:(1894–1974), painter
991:In November 1943 SS-
726:SS units and Gestapo
571:Einsatzgruppe Serbia
4315:Days of remembrance
4228:Holocaust survivors
4223:Depopulated shtetls
4074:Rollkommando Hamann
3920:Jehovah's Witnesses
3738:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2800:Bohemia and Moravia
2658:on August 16, 2013.
2626:on October 16, 2013
2226:Đorđević, Dimitrije
2054:on October 29, 2021
2023:RTS 24 October 2012
1866:, pp. 261–263.
1791:, pp. 1178–79.
975:SS-Standartenführer
940:Serbian State Guard
844:Serbian State Guard
736:Regular German army
683:Royal Yugoslav Army
585:, RSHA), including
538:General der Flieger
464:was reduced to the
414:Serbian nationalist
338:Following the 1938
157:Serbian State Guard
111: /
4298:History and memory
4202:Forced euthanasia
4150:Nazi racial policy
3853:Danish underground
3700:Operation Reinhard
3695:Wannsee Conference
2447:Roberts, Walter R.
1752:, pp. 81, 85.
1468:, pp. 130–31.
1099:Jovan Erdeljanović
1040:
1029:
1021:
1001:Sicherheitspolizei
916:
836:
624:Dragomir Jovanović
474:non-ferrous metals
452:
239:concentration camp
120:44.77083; 20.46750
41:Concentration camp
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4233:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
4180:Jewish emigration
4170:Hitler's prophecy
4165:Haavara Agreement
4111:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4099:Ypatingasis būrys
3996:Sicherheitsdienst
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3871:
3870:
3791:Bielski partisans
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3394:Totenkopfverbände
3053:
3052:
2560:978-0-7618-0199-3
2530:978-0-8047-3615-2
2506:978-0-521-27485-2
2483:978-3-11-096872-9
2462:978-0-8223-0773-0
2438:978-0-23034-781-6
2419:978-0-253-34656-8
2398:978-1-85065-895-5
2353:978-1-4422-0665-6
2332:978-86-80481-24-1
2307:978-1-4128-4975-3
2283:978-0-275-97676-7
2262:978-0-02-864527-8
2239:978-0-88033-368-9
2214:Dedijer, Vladimir
2205:978-0-89096-760-7
2179:978-1-4051-4291-5
2158:978-1-4481-6586-5
2137:978-0-86740-329-9
2114:978-0-86740-329-9
2091:978-0-8101-2862-0
1775:978-1-44085-762-1
1681:, pp. 32–33.
1606:, pp. 34–35.
1516:, pp. 30–31.
1405:, pp. 65–66.
1336:, pp. 19–20.
1307:, pp. 10–13.
1093:Aleksandar Deroko
1063:Notable prisoners
947:brought from the
920:Svetozar Vujković
823:
822:
691:Svetozar Vujković
659:(Serbo-Croatian:
634:(Serbo-Croatian:
603:Sicherheitsdienst
512:Niš (Crveni krst)
505:2,000 at Kraljevo
497:Republic of Užice
466:Kingdom of Serbia
427:, in a bloodless
314:puppet government
206:
205:
191:Number of inmates
16:(Redirected from
4450:
4282:Holocaust denial
4260:Nuremberg trials
4250:Postwar violence
4205:
4140:
4117:
4079:Special Brigades
4069:Nederlandsche SS
4036:Police Regiments
3960:
3938:
3798:Ghetto uprisings
3786:Jewish partisans
3733:Harvest Festival
3705:Holocaust trains
3591:
3582:
3569:
3434:
3330:
3308:
3290:
3271:
3253:
3076:
3059:
2767:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2704:
2692:
2689:"Carevcu u čast"
2684:
2683:on May 10, 2013.
2679:. Archived from
2667:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2622:. Archived from
2602:
2564:
2543:
2534:
2515:Tomasevich, Jozo
2510:
2498:
2487:
2466:
2442:
2423:
2402:
2378:
2357:
2336:
2311:
2292:Israeli, Raphael
2287:
2266:
2254:
2243:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2188:Cohen, Philip J.
2183:
2162:
2141:
2118:
2095:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1348:
1337:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1256:, p. 31-32.
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1211:Trostruki surduk
1111:Tihomir Đorđević
1078:Aleksandar Belić
993:Standartenführer
715:
665:political police
636:Komesarska vlada
569:, who commanded
563:Standartenführer
491:On July 7, 1941
402:impending attack
261:neighborhood of
233:
227:
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
78:
77:
71:
51:
32:
21:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4378:
4293:
4209:
4203:
4192:Madagascar Plan
4185:Kindertransport
4134:
4133:
4103:
4045:
4017:
4002:Ordnungspolizei
3958:
3945:
3924:
3867:
3819:
3772:
3743:Maly Trostenets
3714:Mass executions
3709:
3679:
3617:
3576:
3551:
3521:
3480:
3418:
3380:
3339:
3328:
3306:
3288:
3269:
3251:
3239:
3196:
3070:
3049:
2969:
2960:Hidden children
2938:
2796:Czechoslovakia
2761:
2756:
2723:Wayback Machine
2712:
2707:
2695:
2687:
2670:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2629:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2513:
2507:
2490:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2445:
2439:
2426:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2381:
2360:
2354:
2339:
2333:
2314:
2308:
2290:
2284:
2269:
2263:
2246:
2240:
2224:
2212:
2206:
2186:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2144:
2138:
2121:
2115:
2098:
2092:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1854:, p. 1342.
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1816:Tomasevich 2001
1814:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1702:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1454:Tomasevich 2001
1452:
1445:
1439:Tomasevich 2001
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1415:Tomasevich 2001
1413:
1409:
1403:Tomasevich 2001
1401:
1397:
1391:Tomasevich 2001
1389:
1385:
1379:Tomasevich 2001
1377:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1332:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1305:Pavlowitch 2007
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1281:Pavlowitch 2007
1279:
1275:
1271:, pp. 6–7.
1267:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1207:
1199:
1162:Veljko Petrović
1129:Milutin Ivković
1087:Vaso Čubrilović
1065:
1056:Jozo Tomasevich
1013:
828:
819:
803:
793:
788:Criminal police
783:
773:
763:
751:
741:
731:
709:Feldgendarmerie
703:
674:Sturmbannführer
644:
620:
592:Kriminalpolizei
542:Helmuth Förster
532:
482:
457:
378:Tripartite Pact
336:
331:
299:Jewish cemetery
137:neighbourhood,
119:
117:
113:
110:
105:
102:
100:
98:
97:
87:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
79:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4456:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4287:trivialization
4279:
4278:
4277:
4267:
4265:Eichmann trial
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:Nuremberg Laws
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4143:Early elements
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4124:Early elements
4121:
4120:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:Arajs Kommando
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4030:Einsatzgruppen
4025:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3980:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3957:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:Responsibility
3941:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3793:
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3722:Einsatzgruppen
3717:
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3697:
3691:
3689:
3686:Final Solution
3681:
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3512:Theresienstadt
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3351:Einsatzgruppen
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3179:
3174:
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3159:
3157:Mittelbau-Dora
3154:
3145:
3140:
3138:Kraków-Płaszów
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
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3062:
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3048:
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3045:
3040:
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3028:Rescue of Jews
3025:
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3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
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2757:
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2711:
2710:External links
2708:
2706:
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2119:
2113:
2096:
2090:
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2069:
2066:
2065:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1954:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1903:, p. 153.
1893:
1883:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1842:, p. 171.
1832:
1820:
1818:, p. 748.
1805:
1793:
1781:
1774:
1754:
1742:
1733:
1721:
1719:, p. 131.
1700:
1683:
1668:
1666:, p. 182.
1664:Singleton 1985
1656:
1635:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1575:
1563:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1456:, p. 177.
1443:
1431:
1429:, p. 334.
1419:
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1407:
1395:
1383:
1368:
1356:www.open.ac.uk
1338:
1321:
1309:
1297:
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1234:
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1193:
1187:
1181:
1178:Risto Stijović
1175:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1135:Petar Kolendić
1132:
1126:
1120:
1117:Miloš N. Đurić
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1064:
1061:
1012:
1009:
936:Marinkova Bara
896:Central Serbia
868:Serbo-Croatian
848:Serbo-Croatian
827:
824:
821:
820:
817:
815:
811:
810:
808:
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804:
801:
799:
795:
794:
791:
789:
785:
784:
781:
779:
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769:
768:Serbian police
765:
764:
761:
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733:
732:
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723:
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719:
702:
699:
643:
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628:Milan Aćimović
619:
616:
531:
528:
481:
478:
456:
453:
382:invaded Greece
335:
332:
330:
327:
295:Marinkova Bara
231:Banjički logor
204:
203:
202:At least 3,849
200:
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4158:
4156:
4155:Nazi eugenics
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:Topf and Sons
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4051:Collaborators
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3989:Referat IV B4
3987:
3986:
3985: (RSHA)
3984:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3976:Schutzstaffel
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:Organizations
3961:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Romani people
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Working Group
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:Kastner train
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
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3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
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3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
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3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3719:
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3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:Kristallnacht
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
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3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3548:
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3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
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3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
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3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
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3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3413:Sanitätswesen
3410:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3376:Death marches
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
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3348:
3346:
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3333:
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3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3202:Extermination
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Sachsenhausen
3175:
3173:
3170:
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3160:
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3155:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
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3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Herzogenbusch
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Bergen-Belsen
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3080:Concentration
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
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3056:
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3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
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3019:
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3016:United States
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3002:
2999:
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2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:and colonies
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
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2801:
2798:
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2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2759:The Holocaust
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
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2617:
2613:
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2607:
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2596:
2592:
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2584:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
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2541:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2489:
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2479:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2453:
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2434:
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2411:
2410:
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2279:
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2274:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:Micković 2009
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1947:September 24,
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:Begović 1989b
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1830:, p. 83.
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1803:, p. 47.
1802:
1801:Đorđević 1997
1797:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1731:, p. 32.
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:, p. 33.
1697:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1654:, p. 31.
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:, p. 36.
1617:
1616:Begović 1989a
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:Begović 1989a
1600:
1597:
1594:, p. 34.
1593:
1592:Begović 1989a
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1573:, p. 33.
1572:
1571:Begović 1989a
1567:
1564:
1561:, p. 49.
1560:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1540:, p. 32.
1539:
1538:Begović 1989a
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:Begović 1989a
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:Begović 1989a
1510:
1507:
1504:, p. 30.
1503:
1502:Begović 1989a
1498:
1495:
1492:, p. 81.
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:Begović 1989a
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:, p. 78.
1440:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:Browning 2014
1423:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1393:, p. 68.
1392:
1387:
1384:
1381:, p. 69.
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1319:, p. 15.
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1295:, p. 12.
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1232:, p. 76.
1231:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:(1892–1973),
1169:
1168:Milunka Savić
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:Tina Morpurgo
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:, ethnologist
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
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1069:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
986:
985:
980:
977:
976:
971:
970:Kommando 1005
966:
961:
959:
955:
950:
946:
941:
937:
933:
927:
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921:
911:
907:
905:
899:
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893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
832:
825:
816:
813:
812:
809:
807:
806:
800:
797:
796:
790:
787:
786:
780:
777:
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770:
767:
766:
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758:
755:
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748:
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744:
738:
735:
734:
728:
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724:
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713:
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710:
700:
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
669:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:Establishment
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
604:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:Wilhelm Fuchs
565:
564:
558:
557:Harald Turner
554:
553:
552:Brigadeführer
547:
543:
540:
539:
529:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
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467:
463:
454:
448:
444:
442:
438:
437:Dušan Simović
434:
430:
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418:
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411:
407:
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379:
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328:
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323:
319:
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296:
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288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:—a suburb of
264:
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256:
252:
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244:
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237:
232:
226:Бањички логор
223:
219:
215:
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197:
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177:
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165:
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124:
96:
94:
90:
70:
61:
56:
50:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4367:Yizkor books
4028:
3975:
3720:
3668:in Lithuania
3628:
3526:
3411:
3404:
3393:
3327:
3305:
3286:
3267:
3250:
3033:by Catholics
2902:Soviet Union
2770:By territory
2701:the original
2681:the original
2656:the original
2643:
2628:. Retrieved
2624:the original
2582:
2578:
2549:
2539:
2519:
2494:
2472:
2451:
2428:
2408:
2387:
2366:
2362:
2342:
2322:
2317:
2296:
2272:
2250:
2229:
2217:
2193:
2168:
2147:
2127:
2123:
2104:
2100:
2080:
2056:. Retrieved
2052:the original
2042:
2030:
2018:
2011:Rogošić 2007
2006:
1994:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1901:Dedijer 1953
1896:
1886:
1876:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1796:
1789:Shelach 1989
1784:
1764:
1757:
1745:
1736:
1729:Israeli 2013
1724:
1696:Israeli 2013
1679:Israeli 2013
1659:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1578:
1566:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1317:Roberts 1973
1312:
1300:
1293:Roberts 1973
1288:
1283:, p. 8.
1276:
1269:Roberts 1973
1254:Israeli 2013
1249:
1237:
1225:
1200:
1190:Nikola Vulić
1184:Šime Spitzer
1150:Viktor Novak
1123:Mihailo Ilić
1072:Olga Alkalaj
1066:
1053:
1041:
1006:
1000:
992:
990:
982:
973:
972:, headed by
969:
962:
928:
924:World War II
917:
900:
837:
707:
704:
695:
672:
670:
645:
621:
611:
607:
600:
596:
590:
560:
549:
536:
533:
509:
493:Partisan-led
490:
483:
458:
410:Adolf Hitler
406:Soviet Union
339:
337:
303:
255:World War II
209:
207:
29:
4373:Never again
4204:(Action T4)
4130:Remembrance
3915:Homosexuals
3885:Soviet POWs
3813:Częstochowa
3361:Gas chamber
3172:Ravensbrück
3113:Gross-Rosen
3108:Flossenbürg
2991:Philippines
2923:Yugoslavia
2882:Netherlands
2810:Sudetenland
1852:Gutman 1995
1750:Mojzes 2011
1490:Mojzes 2011
1230:Hirsch 2002
1172:World War I
1107:, biologist
997:Aktion 1005
979:Paul Blobel
860:Milan Nedić
524:Milan Nedić
429:coup d'état
425:Prince Paul
376:joined the
354:Axis powers
310:Milan Nedić
281:, captured
236:Nazi German
163:Operational
149:Operated by
118: /
93:Coordinates
4397:Categories
4362:Yad Vashem
4342:Uniqueness
4197:Nisko Plan
3970:Nazi Party
3778:Resistance
3748:Ninth Fort
3613:Vel' d'Hiv
3385:Nazi units
3323:Westerbork
3313:Amersfoort
3167:Neuengamme
3148:Mauthausen
3128:Kaiserwald
3098:Buchenwald
2877:Luxembourg
2630:August 19,
1828:Cohen 1996
1717:Ramet 2006
1652:Antić 2012
1559:Cohen 1996
1466:Ramet 2006
1361:October 1,
1217:References
1054:Historian
1049:Yugoslavia
965:chain gang
608:Ausland-SD
470:Balkan War
455:Occupation
398:Yugoslavia
366:neutrality
329:Background
318:war crimes
218:KZ Banjica
106:20°28′03″E
103:44°46′15″N
4320:Education
4215:Aftermath
4127:Aftermath
4089:Trawnikis
4013:Wehrmacht
4008:Waffen-SS
3808:Białystok
3636:Bucharest
3608:Marseille
3485:Elsewhere
3446:Białystok
3258:Breendonk
3235:Treblinka
3088:Auschwitz
2872:Lithuania
2375:440780197
2169:The Serbs
1242:Hehn 1971
1105:Ivan Đaja
826:Operation
546:Luftwaffe
341:Anschluss
322:communist
283:Partisans
4305:Academia
3758:Piaśnica
3728:Babi Yar
3656:Jedwabne
3595:Roundups
3528:Judenrat
3492:Budapest
3263:Mechelen
3225:Majdanek
3182:Stutthof
3143:Majdanek
3038:by Poles
2996:Portugal
2974:Response
2965:Timeline
2943:Overview
2805:Slovakia
2792:Bulgaria
2719:Archived
2677:Nacional
2608:Websites
2599:40866373
2570:Journals
2517:(2001).
2449:(1973).
2385:(2007).
2294:(2013).
2228:(1997).
2216:(1953).
2190:(1996).
1205:See also
1164:, writer
1037:Belgrade
958:Chetniks
949:Sajmište
884:Sajmište
679:Belgrade
601:Ausland-
516:Sajmište
441:invasion
390:Bulgaria
386:Bulgaria
344:between
297:and the
287:Chetniks
267:Belgrade
234:) was a
139:Belgrade
131:Location
4332:Lessons
3768:Rumbula
3641:Dorohoi
3622:Pogroms
3574:Victims
3424:Ghettos
3356:Gas van
3344:Methods
3318:Schoorl
3296:Bolzano
3244:Transit
3230:Sobibor
3220:Chełmno
3187:Vaivara
3123:Hinzert
3068:ghettos
3021:Vatican
2927:Croatia
2917:Ukraine
2907:Belarus
2897:Romania
2849:Hungary
2832:Germany
2822:Estonia
2817:Denmark
2787:Belgium
2782:Austria
2777:Albania
2058:May 23,
1942:jwa.org
1174:heroine
945:gas van
932:Jajinci
888:Gestapo
880:Gestapo
858:led by
840:Gestapo
814:Overall
798:Unknown
721:Number
687:Banjica
599:), and
587:Gestapo
468:'s pre-
404:on the
394:Romania
374:Romania
370:Hungary
362:Albania
358:invaded
350:Austria
346:Germany
306:Gestapo
291:Jajinci
263:Dedinje
259:Banjica
253:during
241:in the
222:Serbian
171:Inmates
153:Gestapo
135:Banjica
55:Jajinci
35:Banjica
4238:Bricha
4004:(Orpo)
3877:Others
3863:Żegota
3825:Rescue
3803:Warsaw
3763:Ponary
3673:Kaunas
3476:Warsaw
3461:Lublin
3451:Kraków
3438:Poland
3282:Drancy
3215:Belzec
3192:Warsaw
3103:Dachau
3011:Turkey
3006:Sweden
2932:Serbia
2912:Russia
2892:Poland
2887:Norway
2867:Latvia
2837:Greece
2827:France
2597:
2557:
2527:
2503:
2480:
2459:
2435:
2416:
2395:
2373:
2350:
2329:
2304:
2280:
2259:
2236:
2202:
2176:
2155:
2134:
2111:
2088:
1772:
1197:Museum
1011:Legacy
904:Stalin
818:23,637
730:12,651
579:German
503:, and
421:regent
245:, the
214:German
199:Killed
194:23,697
4352:Humor
4325:Films
4022:Units
3753:Odesa
3603:Izieu
3517:Vilna
3502:Minsk
3497:Kovno
3471:Radom
3335:Sereď
3152:Gusen
3133:Kauen
3064:Camps
3001:Spain
2986:Japan
2860:Libya
2854:Italy
2595:JSTOR
2365:[
2321:[
2126:[
2103:[
2071:Books
914:1942.
892:Banat
782:1,096
772:2,533
762:4,076
750:1,018
740:1,230
597:Kripo
433:Peter
392:from
271:Serbs
176:Serbs
4243:List
3998:(SD)
3978:(SS)
3661:Lviv
3646:Iași
3586:Jews
3507:Riga
3466:Lwów
3456:Łódź
3428:list
3277:Gurs
3150:and
3066:and
2644:Blic
2632:2013
2555:ISBN
2525:ISBN
2501:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2457:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2371:OCLC
2348:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2132:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2086:ISBN
2060:2021
1949:2016
1770:ISBN
1363:2020
956:and
876:Roma
544:, a
520:Roma
372:and
348:and
279:Roma
275:Jews
208:The
184:Roma
180:Jews
3392:SS-
2587:doi
1891:490
1045:SDS
802:319
792:774
610:).
561:SS-
550:SS-
312:'s
4399::
3329:sk
3307:nl
3289:it
3270:fr
3252:be
2642:.
2618:.
2593:.
2583:13
2581:.
1957:^
1940:.
1808:^
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1671:^
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2533:.
2509:.
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2441:.
2422:.
2401:.
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2242:.
2208:.
2182:.
2161:.
2140:.
2117:.
2094:.
2062:.
2037:.
2025:.
2013:.
2001:.
1989:.
1951:.
1927:.
1915:.
1778:.
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