83:
20:
194:, abbreviated as Brufina, while a new banking subsidiary was formed on 30 January 1935 under the name Banque de Bruxelles. Following the initial public offering of the new entity's share, Brufina held 71 percent of the Banque de Bruxelles's equity. In 1937, Brufina in turn fell under the control of Belgian businessman
189:
In 1930, the Banque de
Bruxelles controlled a rapidly expanding network of 20 local banks with 400 offices, which it fully absorbed the next year into the parent banking entity. Following the financial turmoil of the early 1930s, Belgium passed legislation in 1934 that forced separation between
304:(CBLFI), with a combined 10 percent stake in the Banque de Bruxelles and majority control of Banque Lambert. In October 1974, in a context of high exchange rates volatility and due to inefficient internal controls, the Banque de Bruxelles incurred a major financial loss of around 3.5 billion
308:
on foreign-exchange markets, tilting the balance in the merger talks in favor of Banque
Lambert. As a consequence, the latter was able to secure dominant influence in the merged entity in 1975, including the inclusion of the Lambert name in the merged entity's brand of
109:-born banker Joseph Oppenheim. Following the downturn of the mid-1870s, the fledgling bank encountered financial distress, and Errera had to liquidate and re-establish it in 1877 on a smaller scale. Its operations and investments grew rapidly in the late 19th century.
737:
281:(ABN), then repurchased some of it following a political backlash. As a result, by 1972 the bank's largest shareholders were Brufina with 7 percent, ABN with 3.5 percent, and Barclays with 3.2 percent.
510:
225:
113:
211:(Cofinindus). As a result, the Banque de Bruxelles formed the banking hub of a cluster of industrial, financial and colonial businesses subsequently known as the
627:
228:, participating in economic activity benefiting the Nazis, while simultaneously hosting a resistance network in the bank's own premises in central Brussels.
756:
443:
373:
218:
67:
186:, while retaining Crégéco as a listed investment company. The BBA operated from the back of the Banque de Bruxelles building, at rue de Namur 3.
288:. Discussions to that effect started in 1969 and continued throughout the early 1970s. In 1972, the Banque Lambert's controlling shareholder
141:
878:
117:
883:
851:
783:
274:
to acquire joint ownership of Banque de
Commerce, whose head office was subsequently relocated from Antwerp to Brussels in 1968.
24:
528:
492:
137:
91:
833:
200:
105:
created the Banque de
Bruxelles with support from a group of Dutch and German financiers including his father-in-law,
628:"The Baron de Launoit : A case study in the "politics of production" of Belgian industry during Nazi occupation"
284:
As early as 1953, Paul de
Launoit started considering the option of a merger between the Banque de Bruxelles and the
190:
commercial banks and investment companies. As a consequence, the Banque de
Bruxelles' parent company was renamed as
183:
691:
63:
247:
71:
333:
95:
547:
278:
338:
100:
648:
246:
The bank expanded its
Belgian branch network in the 1960s, in competition with established incumbents the
182:. In 1929, Banque de Bruxelles transferred Crégéco's banking operations to a newly created affiliate, the
774:
Manfred Pohl (1994). "Le système bancaire en
Belgique à travers les siècles - Banque Bruxelles Lambert".
310:
133:
801:
Les
Entreprises et leurs Réseaux : hommes, capitaux, techniques et pouvoirs, XIXe et XXe siècles
549:
The German Great Banks and Their
Concentration in connection with The Economic Development of Germany
423:
384:
362:
356:
271:
195:
175:
148:
396:
129:
82:
263:
409:
478:
Army Service Forces Manual M361-5 / Civil Affairs Handbook Belgium Section 5: Money and Banking
401:
779:
739:
Le baron Léon Lambert, un banquier et financier belge d'envergure internationale du XXe siècle
427:
390:
314:
167:
39:
289:
224:
De Launoit and the Banque de Bruxelles ambiguously navigated the harsh conditions of the
163:
367:
313:, and the choice of Jacques Thierry, an associate of LĂ©on Lambert, as chief executive (
285:
153:
59:
47:
604:
585:
872:
305:
125:
121:
567:
19:
277:
In October 1969, Brufina sold part of its residual stake in Banque de Bruxelles to
86:
The bank's head office in the Palace of the Count of Flanders, photographed in 1910
298:(CLIF) and Cofinter, with Cofinindus and Brufina to create a single entity, named
476:
448:
380:
255:
270:
which received Banque de Bruxelles equity in exchange; in 1965, it allowed the
803:. Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne. pp. 462–463, 467–468.
414:
66:. It was Belgium's second-largest bank for most of its existence, behind the
106:
666:
267:
259:
251:
179:
55:
28:
321:) of the combined entity. The merger was completed on 30 June 1975.
120:. The latter, established at 27 Avenue des Arts on the corner with
81:
18:
23:
The bank's head office from 1905 to 1975, incorporating the
301:
Compagnie Bruxelles Lambert pour la Finance et l'Industrie
349:
Ernest Urban, engineer and brother of Jules, 1901-1909
352:
Hermann Stern, former manager of the bank, 1909-1910
192:
Société de Bruxelles pour la finance et l'industrie
692:"L'internationalisation du système bancaire belge"
650:Les espions ZĂ©ro dans l'ombre du pouvoir 1940-1944
240:Compagnie financière et de gestion pour l'étranger
295:Compagnie Lambert pour l'Industrie et la Finance
226:German occupation of Belgium during World War II
162:(also known as Crégéco), legally registered in
114:German occupation of Belgium during World War I
419:, former academic and civil servant, 1952-1975
58:, established in 1871 and merged in 1975 with
720:Alexandre Lamfalussy : Le sage de l'euro
713:
711:
709:
555:, Washington DC: National Monetary Commission
8:
799:Michèle Merger and Dominique Barjot (1998).
667:"26. Crédit Général du Congo S.A. (CREGECO)"
470:
468:
466:
464:
355:Georges de Laveleye, former director of the
299:
293:
238:
232:
212:
206:
572:Stanleyville Kisangani hier et aujourd'hui
158:, the Banque de Bruxelles established the
124:, had been jointly created in 1898 by the
819:La Société Générale de Belgique 1822-1997
817:René Brion and Jean-Louis Moreau (1998).
776:Handbook on the History of European Banks
755:Clyde H. Farnsworth (30 September 1972).
481:, Washington DC: U.S. Army Service Forces
821:. Fonds Mercator. pp. 185–186, 256.
686:
684:
682:
680:
329:The successive chairs of the bank were:
116:, the Banque de Bruxelles took over the
852:"Louis Camu : notice nécrologique"
460:
834:"Max-Léo Gérard, l'ingénieur-ministre"
832:Jean-Paul Bombaerts (11 August 2011).
812:
810:
778:. Frankfurt: Edward Elgar Publishing.
731:
729:
262:. In 1962, it acquired Antwerp-based
70:and, from 1934 onwards, its spun-off
7:
635:Revue Belge d'Histoire Contemporaine
511:"Banque Internationale de Bruxelles"
406:, former finance minister, 1939-1952
208:Compagnie financière et industrielle
718:Ivo Maes and Sophie PĂ©ters (2014).
475:Federal Reserve Board (June 1944),
426:was the bank's managing director (
292:merged his two holding companies,
166:with administrative headquarters (
118:Banque Internationale de Bruxelles
14:
231:In 1948, Crégéco was renamed the
147:In 1920, led by its new chairman
142:A. Schaaffhausen'scher Bankverein
587:Bulletin Officiel du Congo Belge
432:Président du Comité de Direction
372:, son of a Vice Governor of the
346:Jules Urban, engineer, 1881-1901
319:président du comité de direction
237:(FINAF), which later became the
205:through his holding company the
757:"Baron Lambert Creates a Giant"
25:Palace of the Count of Flanders
696:Courrier Hebdomadaire du CRISP
647:Yaëlle Van Crombrugge (2013),
383:and former général manager of
234:Compagnie Financière Africaine
1:
736:Anne-Myriam Dutrieue (2010),
138:Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft
444:Société Générale de Belgique
393:, former minister, 1932-1939
374:Société générale de Belgique
219:Société Générale de Belgique
68:Société Générale de Belgique
900:
54:) was a prominent bank in
879:Banks established in 1871
884:Defunct banks of Belgium
626:John Gillingham (1974),
96:Giacomo (Jacques) Errera
64:Banque Bruxelles Lambert
529:"Bank Brussels Lambert"
493:"Bank Brussels Lambert"
279:Algemene Bank Nederland
160:Crédit General du Congo
546:Jacob Riesser (1911),
431:
318:
300:
294:
239:
233:
213:
207:
184:Banque Belge d'Afrique
171:
87:
51:
43:
31:
434:) from 1965 to 1975.
379:William Thys, son of
311:Bank Brussels Lambert
217:, second only to the
134:Disconto-Gesellschaft
85:
22:
424:Alexandre Lamfalussy
272:Chase Manhattan Bank
859:Université de Liège
722:. Brussels: Racine.
605:"ING Brief history"
343:, banker, 1871-1881
172:siège administratif
112:In 1916, under the
44:Banque de Bruxelles
16:Former Belgian bank
761:The New York Times
568:"Crédit Congolais"
264:Banque de Commerce
248:Générale de Banque
88:
72:banking subsidiary
32:
385:Banque d'Outremer
357:Banque d'Outremer
214:groupe de Launoit
891:
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566:Jean-Luc Ernst.
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533:Encyclopedia.com
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130:Darmstädter Bank
104:
52:Bank van Brussel
36:Bank of Brussels
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391:Maurice Houtart
365:
363:Maurice Despret
336:
327:
198:
196:Paul de Launoit
151:
149:Maurice Despret
98:
92:Venetian Jewish
80:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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596:
593:, 15 June 1953
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397:Max-LĂ©o GĂ©rard
394:
388:
377:
360:
353:
350:
347:
344:
334:Jacques Errera
326:
323:
306:Belgian francs
286:Banque Lambert
79:
76:
60:Banque Lambert
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
896:
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785:1-85278-919-0
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515:Stad Kortrijk
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126:Deutsche Bank
123:
122:Rue de la Loi
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30:
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609:. Retrieved
599:
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541:
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487:
477:
422:
328:
290:LĂ©on Lambert
283:
276:
245:
230:
223:
191:
188:
164:LĂ©opoldville
159:
146:
111:
89:
35:
33:
671:BooneShares
607:. ING Group
449:ASLK / CGER
413: [
400: [
387:, 1930-1932
381:Albert Thys
376:, 1919-1930
366: [
359:, 1010-1919
337: [
256:Kredietbank
243:(Cometra).
199: [
152: [
99: [
873:Categories
410:Louis Camu
325:Leadership
176:Rue Royale
107:Frankfurt
90:In 1871,
438:See also
268:Barclays
260:Flanders
252:Wallonia
180:Brussels
62:to form
56:Brussels
29:Brussels
611:June 4,
94:banker
78:History
838:L'Écho
782:
702:, 1972
428:French
315:French
178:66 in
168:French
140:, and
40:French
855:(PDF)
743:(PDF)
654:(PDF)
631:(PDF)
591:(PDF)
553:(PDF)
455:Notes
417:]
404:]
370:]
341:]
266:from
203:]
174:) at
156:]
103:]
48:Dutch
780:ISBN
613:2014
254:and
34:The
700:551
258:in
250:in
27:in
875::
857:.
836:.
809:^
759:.
728:^
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694:,
679:^
669:.
633:,
570:.
531:.
513:.
495:.
463:^
430::
415:fr
402:nl
368:fr
339:fr
317::
221:.
201:nl
170::
154:fr
144:.
136:,
132:,
128:,
101:fr
74:.
50::
46:,
42::
861:.
840:.
788:.
763:.
673:.
615:.
574:.
535:.
517:.
499:.
38:(
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