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301:). As a practical matter, most district courts have a standing "reference" order to that effect, so that all bankruptcy cases in that district are handled, at least initially, by the bankruptcy court. In unusual circumstances, a district court may in a particular case "withdraw the reference" (i.e., take the case or a particular proceeding within the case away from the bankruptcy court and decide the matter itself) under
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The U.S. bankruptcy courts were created in 1978, but were effective on April 1, 1984, under 28 USC section 151, as enacted by section 201(a) of the
Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, Pub. L. No. 95-598, 92 Stat. 2549, 2657 (November 6, 1978), and section 402 (92 Stat. 2549, 2682) of the Act, as amended,
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Bankruptcy courts appoint a trustee to represent the interests of the creditors and administer the cases. The U.S. Trustee appoints
Chapter 7 trustees for a renewable period of 1 year, Chapter 13 trustees are "standing trustees" who administer cases in a specific geographic region.
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The overwhelming majority of all proceedings in bankruptcy are held before a United States bankruptcy judge, whose decisions are subject to appeals to the district court. In some judicial circuits, appeals may be taken to a
423:, by section 104(a) of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, Pub. L. No. 98-353, 98 Stat. 336 (July 10, 1984). The reason for the delay was that the United States Supreme Court held, in
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218:"Bankruptcy Court" redirects here. For the former courts in the United Kingdom, see
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Decisions of the bankruptcy courts are not collected and published in an official
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for the circuit in which the applicable district is located (see
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Courts created under
Article I of the United States Constitution
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236:. The current system of bankruptcy courts was created by the
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Northern
Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipeline Co.
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official source for opinions of the bankruptcy courts is
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About the United States
Trustee Program & Bankruptcy
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over all cases arising under the bankruptcy code, (see
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348:Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure
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54:Bankruptcy in the United States
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847:United States district courts
538:Bill (United States Congress)
443:(Justice.gov via archive.org)
395:"Process - Bankruptcy Basics"
842:United States bankruptcy law
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278:handles bankruptcy matters.
246:subject-matter jurisdiction
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429:United States Constitution
367:West's Bankruptcy Reporter
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234:United States Constitution
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663:Law School Admission Test
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258:exclusive jurisdiction
238:United States Congress
673:Admission to the bar
523:Separation of powers
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381:References
341:§ 152
329:§ 151
175:Means test
134:Chapter 15
129:Chapter 13
124:Chapter 12
119:Chapter 11
749:Procedure
739:Corporate
650:Education
404:April 14,
352:procedure
304:28 U.S.C.
294:28 U.S.C.
284:28 U.S.C.
263:28 U.S.C.
244:and have
155:Discharge
114:Chapter 9
109:Chapter 7
63:Authority
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744:Criminal
734:Property
729:Contract
694:Abortion
591:District
363:de facto
359:reporter
254:original
101:Chapters
781:Privacy
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68:History
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668:US bar
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323:(see
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508:and
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346:The
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93:FRBP
88:Code
761:Gun
618:Tax
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83:BAP
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
