1232:
the official receiver (the
Insolvency Commissioner) and, if a creditor want to file against a debtor, he needs to open process, before the magistrate's court that hears in the district. Company bankruptcy will be conducted before District Court. Simultaneously, with the issue of the order for the commencement of insolvency proceedings, the Insolvency Commissioner shall appoint a trustee for the debtor and an audit will be carried out, in which the debtor's economic capability and his conduct will be examined (lasting approximately 12 months). At the end of this audit a payment plan is established, at the end of which the debtor will receive a discharge. The default scenario is a payment period of three years; however, the court reserves the right to increase or decrease the period depending upon the circumstances of the case. If the debtor has no proven financial ability to pay the creditors, he may be granted an immediate discharge. Since 1996, Israeli personal bankruptcy law has shifted to a relatively debtor-friendly regime, not unlike the American model.
55:
1873:
of certain types of inappropriate behavior (e.g., concealing records relating to financial condition) and certain debts (e.g., spousal and child support and most student loans). Some taxes are not discharged even though the debtor is generally discharged from debt. Many individuals in financial distress own only exempt property (e.g., clothes, household goods, an older car, or the tools of their trade or profession) and do not have to surrender any property to the trustee. The amount of property that a debtor may exempt varies from state to state (as noted above, Virginia and
Maryland have a $ 1,000 difference.) Chapter 7 relief is available only once in any eight-year period. Generally, the rights of secured creditors to their collateral continues, even though their debt is discharged. For example, absent some arrangement by a debtor to surrender a car or "reaffirm" a debt, the creditor with a
628:
1885:
relief under
Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. The "means test" is employed in cases where an individual with primarily consumer debts has more than the average annual income for a household of equivalent size, computed over a 180-day period prior to filing. If the individual must "take" the "means test", their average monthly income over this 180-day period is reduced by a series of allowances for living expenses and secured debt payments in a very complex calculation that may or may not accurately reflect that individual's actual monthly budget. If the results of the means test show no disposable income (or in some cases a very small amount) then the individual qualifies for Chapter 7 relief. An individual who fails the means test will have their Chapter 7 case dismissed, or may have to convert the case to a Chapter 13 bankruptcy.
1911:(DIP). The debtor in possession runs the day-to-day operations of the business while creditors and the debtor work with the Bankruptcy Court in order to negotiate and complete a plan. Upon meeting certain requirements (e.g., fairness among creditors, priority of certain creditors) creditors are permitted to vote on the proposed plan. If a plan is confirmed, the debtor continues to operate and pay debts under the terms of the confirmed plan. If a specified majority of creditors do not vote to confirm a plan, additional requirements may be imposed by the court in order to confirm the plan. Debtors filing for Chapter 11 protection a second time are known informally as "Chapter 22" filers.
840:. This is because once a bankruptcy petition is filed, it is for the creditors, not the debtor, to decide whether a particular asset has value. The future ramifications of omitting assets from schedules can be quite serious for the offending debtor. In the United States, a closed bankruptcy may be reopened by motion of a creditor or the U.S. trustee if a debtor attempts to later assert ownership of such an "unscheduled asset" after being discharged of all debt in the bankruptcy. The trustee may then seize the asset and liquidate it for the benefit of the (formerly discharged) creditors. Whether or not a concealment of such an asset should also be considered for prosecution as fraud or
1451:
are cancelled. Debts that derive from a ban on business operations (issued by court, commonly for tax fraud or fraudulent business practices) or owed to a crime victim as compensation for damages, are exempted from this—and, as before this process was introduced in 2006, remain lifelong. Debts that have not been claimed during a 3-10 year period are cancelled. Often crime victims stop their claims after a few years since criminals often do not have job incomes and might be hard to locate, while banks make sure their claims are not cancelled. The most common reasons for personal insolvency in Sweden are illness, unemployment, divorce or company bankruptcy.
1145:
not, the next alternative may be personal bankruptcy, in which the creditors get even less money. The creditors have 45 days to accept or reject the consumer proposal. Once the proposal is accepted by both the creditors and the Court, the debtor makes the payments to the
Proposal Administrator each month (or as otherwise stipulated in their proposal), and the general creditors are prevented from taking any further legal or collection action. If the proposal is rejected, the debtor is returned to his prior insolvent state and may have no alternative but to declare personal bankruptcy.
1700:
1930:
debtor's property and the amount of a debtor's income and expenses. Under this chapter, the debtor can propose a repayment plan in which to pay creditors over three to five years. If the monthly income is less than the state's median income, the plan is for three years, unless the court finds "just cause" to extend the plan for a longer period. If the debtor's monthly income is greater than the median income for individuals in the debtor's state, the plan must generally be for five years. A plan cannot exceed the five-year limit.
750:, 2003; Gerhardt, 2009; Frade, 2010). In most EU member States, debt discharge is conditioned by a partial payment obligation and by a number of requirements concerning the debtor's behavior. In the United States (US), discharge is conditioned to a lesser extent. The spectrum is broad in the EU, with the UK coming closest to the US system (Reifner et al., 2003; Gerhardt, 2009; Frade, 2010). The Other Member States do not provide the option of a debt discharge. Spain, for example, passed a bankruptcy law (
1246:
1751:), bankruptcy cases, particularly with respect to the validity of claims and exemptions, are often dependent upon State law. A Bankruptcy Exemption defines the property a debtor may retain and preserve through bankruptcy. Certain real and personal property can be exempted on "Schedule C" of a debtor's bankruptcy forms, and effectively be taken outside the debtor's bankruptcy estate. Bankruptcy exemptions are available only to individuals filing bankruptcy.
976:. These include household furniture and appliances, tools of the trade and vehicles up to a certain value. All other assets of value can be sold. If a house, including the main residence, or car is above a certain value, a third party can buy the interest from the estate in order for the bankrupt to utilise the asset. If this is not done, the interest vests in the estate and the trustee is able to take possession of the asset and sell it.
898:
one million AMD can be declared bankrupt. All creditors, including the state and municipalities, to whom the person has an obligation that meets the above-mentioned minimum criteria can submit an application to declare a person bankrupt by compulsory procedure. Basically, these obligations are derived from the legal acts of the court, transactions, the obligation of the debtor to pay taxes, duties, and other fees defined by law.
2128:
1565:, a UK bankruptcy now normally lasts no longer than 12 months, and may be less if the Official Receiver files in court a certificate that investigations are complete. It was expected that the UK Government's liberalisation of the UK bankruptcy regime would increase the number of bankruptcy cases; initially, cases increased, as the Insolvency Service statistics appear to bear out. Since 2009, the introduction of the
1000:, the Bankruptcy Law (11.101/05) governs court-ordered or out-of-court receivership and bankruptcy and only applies to public companies (publicly traded companies) with the exception of financial institutions, credit cooperatives, consortia, supplementary scheme entities, companies administering health care plans, equity companies and a few other legal entities. It does not apply to state-run companies.
1011:). The goal is to overcome the business crisis situation of the debtor in order to allow the continuation of the producer, the employment of workers and the interests of creditors, leading, thus, to preserving company, its corporate function and develop economic activity. It is a court procedure required by the debtor which has been in business for more than two years and requires approval by a judge.
1956:
655:. Many city-states in ancient Greece limited debt slavery to a period of five years; debt slaves had protection of life and limb, which regular slaves did not have. However, servants of the debtor could be retained beyond that deadline by the creditor and were often forced to serve their new lord for a lifetime, usually under significantly harsher conditions. An exception to this rule was
2114:
1755:
exemption amounts that cannot be seized for payment of debts. This amount is the first $ 6,000 in property or cash in
Maryland, but normally only the first $ 5,000 in Virginia. State law therefore plays a major role in many bankruptcy cases, such that there may be significant differences in the outcome of a bankruptcy case depending upon the state in which it is filed.
969:
Additionally, a bankrupt is required to provide their trustee with details of income and assets. If the bankrupt does not comply with the
Trustee's request to provide details of income, the trustee may have grounds to lodge an Objection to Discharge, which has the effect of extending the bankruptcy for a further three or five years depending on the type of Objection.
1427:. It is a court-ordered form of debt enforcement proceedings that applies, in general, to registered commercial entities only. In a bankruptcy, all assets of the debtor are liquidated under the administration of the creditors, although the law provides for debt restructuring options similar to those under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy code.
1365:
and companies of all sizes, with the exception of state-owned enterprises, government agencies, political parties and religious organizations. There are also special rules for insurance companies, professional participants of the securities market, agricultural organizations and other special laws for financial institutions and companies in the
1439:, which is inability to pay debts that should have been paid. A creditor or the company itself can apply for bankruptcy. An external bankruptcy manager takes over the company or the assets of the person, and tries to sell as much as possible. A person or a company in bankruptcy cannot access its assets (with some exceptions).
54:
1801:: rehabilitation or reorganization, used primarily by business debtors but sometimes by individuals with substantial debts and assets; known as corporate bankruptcy, it is a form of corporate financial reorganization that typically allows companies to continue to function while they follow debt repayment plans
1933:
Relief under
Chapter 13 is available only to individuals with regular income whose debts do not exceed prescribed limits. If the debtor is an individual or a sole proprietor, the debtor is allowed to file for a Chapter 13 bankruptcy to repay all or part of the debts. Secured creditors may be entitled
1880:
Ninety-one percent of US individuals who petition for relief under
Chapter 7 hire an attorney to file their petitions. The typical cost of an attorney is $ 1,170.00. Alternatives to filing with an attorney are: filing pro se, hiring a non-lawyer petition preparer, or using online software to generate
1754:
There are two alternative systems that can be used to "exempt" property from a bankruptcy estate, federal exemptions (available in some states but not all), and state exemptions (which vary widely between states). For example, Maryland and
Virginia, which are adjoining states, have different personal
1294:
The legal definitions of the terms bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation and dissolution are contested in the Indian legal system. There is no regulation or statute legislated upon bankruptcy which denotes a condition of inability to meet a demand of a creditor as is common in many other jurisdictions.
1231:
Bankruptcy in Israel is governed by the
Insolvency and Rehabilitation Law, 2018. Insolvency proceedings below NIS 150,000 will be administered entirely by the Enforcement and Collection Authority. Insolvency proceedings above NIS 150,000 individual debtors file the documents will be conducted before
1684:
The Government have updated legislation (2016) to streamline the application process for UK bankruptcy. UK residents now need to apply online for bankruptcy - there is an upfront fee of £680. The process for residents of Northern Ireland differs - applicants must follow the older process of applying
897:
A person may be declared bankrupt with an application submitted to the court by the creditor or with an application to recognize his own bankruptcy. Legal and natural persons, including individual entrepreneurs, who have an indisputable payment obligation exceeding 60 days and amounting to more than
745:
For private households, it is important to assess the underlying problems and to minimize the risk of financial distress to recur. It has been stressed that debt advice, a supervised rehabilitation period, financial education and social help to find sources of income and to improve the management of
1938:
have no say in the formulation of the plan, other than to object to it, if appropriate, on the grounds that it does not comply with one of the Code's statutory requirements. Generally, the debtor makes payments to a trustee who disburses the funds in accordance with the terms of the confirmed plan.
1888:
If a debtor does not qualify for relief under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, either because of the Means Test or because Chapter 7 does not provide a permanent solution to delinquent payments for secured debts, such as mortgages or vehicle loans, the debtor may still seek relief under Chapter 13
1872:
In Chapter 7, a debtor surrenders non-exempt property to a bankruptcy trustee, who then liquidates the property and distributes the proceeds to the debtor's unsecured creditors. In exchange, the debtor is entitled to a discharge of some debt. However, the debtor is not granted a discharge if guilty
1834:
for individuals are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7, known as a "straight bankruptcy", involves the discharge of certain debts without repayment. Chapter 13 involves a plan of repayment of debts over a period of years. Whether a person qualifies for Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 is in part determined
1457:
The formal bankruptcy involves contracting a bankruptcy manager, who makes certain that assets are sold and money divided by the priority the law claims, and no other way. Banks have such a priority. After a finished bankruptcy for a company, it is terminated. The activities might continue in a new
1454:
For companies, formal bankruptcy is a normal effect of insolvency, even if there is a reconstruction mechanism where the company can be given time to solve its situation, e.g. by finding an investor. The government can pay salaries to employees in insolvent companies which do not pay them, but only
1369:
in the energy industry. Federal Law No. 40-FZ "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" dated 25 February 1999 (as amended) (the "Insolvency Law of Credit Institutions") contains special provisions in relation to the opening of insolvency proceedings in relation to the credit company. Insolvency Provisions Act,
987:
After the bankruptcy is annulled or the bankrupt has been automatically discharged, the bankrupt's credit report status is shown as "discharged bankrupt" for some years. The maximum number of years this information can be held is subject to the retention limits under the Privacy Act. How long such
1450:
which has priority. Unpaid debts remain after bankruptcy for individuals. People who are deeply in debt can obtain a debt arrangement procedure (Swedish: skuldsanering). On application, they obtain a payment plan under which they pay as much as they can for five years, and then all remaining debts
1364:
Federal Law No. 127-FZ "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" dated 26 October 2002 (as amended) (the "Bankruptcy Act"), replacing the previous law in 1998, to better address the above problems and a broader failure of the action. Russian insolvency law is intended for a wide range of borrowers: individuals
1144:
A typical proposal would involve a debtor making monthly payments for a maximum of five years, with the funds distributed to their creditors. Even though most proposals call for payments of less than the full amount of the debt owing, in most cases, the creditors accept the deal—because if they do
979:
The bankrupt must pay income contributions if their income is above a certain threshold. If the bankrupt fails to pay, the trustee can ask the Official Receiver to issue a notice to garnishee the bankrupt's wages. If that is not possible, the Trustee may seek to extend the bankruptcy for a further
2020:
by more than 20%. The increase in the number of insolvencies, however, does not indicate the total financial impact of insolvencies in each country because there is no indication of the size of each case. An increase in the number of bankruptcy cases does not necessarily entail an increase in bad
1941:
When the debtor completes payments pursuant to the terms of the plan, the court formally grant the debtor a discharge of the debts provided for in the plan. However, if the debtor fails to make the agreed upon payments or fails to seek or gain court approval of a modified plan, a bankruptcy court
1937:
In contrast to Chapter 7, the debtor in Chapter 13 may keep all property, whether or not exempt. If the plan appears feasible and if the debtor complies with all the other requirements, the bankruptcy court typically confirms the plan and the debtor and creditors are bound by its terms. Creditors
1393:
The main face of the bankruptcy process is the insolvency officer (trustee in bankruptcy, bankruptcy manager). At various stages of bankruptcy, he must be determined: the temporary officer in monitoring procedure, external manager in external control, the receiver or administrative officer in the
2052:
Following the soar in insolvencies in the last decade, a number of European countries, such as France, Germany, Spain and Italy, began to revamp their bankruptcy laws in 2013. They modelled these new laws on Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Currently, the majority of insolvency cases have
1069:
In 2011, the Superintendent of Bankruptcy reported that trustees in Canada filed 127,774 insolvent estates. Consumer estates were the vast majority, with 122 999 estates. The consumer portion of the 2011 volume is divided into 77,993 bankruptcies and 45,006 consumer proposals. This represented a
964:
A Bankruptcy Trustee (in most cases, the Official Trustee at AFSA) is appointed to deal with all matters regarding the administration of the bankrupt estate. The Trustee's job includes notifying creditors of the estate and dealing with creditor inquiries; ensuring that the bankrupt complies with
1929:
In Chapter 13, debtors retain ownership and possession of all their assets but must devote some portion of future income to repaying creditors, generally over three to five years. The amount of payment and period of the repayment plan depend upon a variety of factors, including the value of the
1884:
To be eligible to file a consumer bankruptcy under Chapter 7, a debtor must qualify under a statutory "means test". The means test was intended to make it more difficult for a significant number of financially distressed individual debtors whose debts are primarily consumer debts to qualify for
1466:
The United Arab Emirates Bankruptcy Law came into force on 29 December 2016, and created a single law governing bankruptcy procedures, which had previously been spread across multiple sources. There are two court procedures: first, a procedure for a company that is not yet insolvent, known as a
983:
Bankruptcies can be annulled, and the bankrupt released from bankruptcy, prior to the expiration of the normal three-year period if all debts are paid out in full. Sometimes a bankrupt may be able to raise enough funds to make an Offer of Composition to creditors, which would have the effect of
2024:
Bankruptcy statistics are also a trailing indicator. There is a time delay between financial difficulties and bankruptcy. In most cases, several months or even years pass between the financial problems and the start of bankruptcy proceedings. Legal, tax, and cultural issues may further distort
1892:
Generally, a trustee sells most of the debtor's assets to pay off creditors. However, certain debtor assets will be protected to some extent by bankruptcy exemptions. These include Social Security payments, unemployment compensation, limited equity in a home, car, or truck, household goods and
1174:
In Canada, bankruptcy always means liquidation. There is no way for a company to emerge from bankruptcy after restructuring, as is the case in the United States with a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. Canada does, however, have laws that allow for businesses to restructure and emerge later with a
872:
is applied more broadly to formal insolvency proceedings. In some countries, such as in Finland, bankruptcy is limited only to companies and individuals who are insolvent are condemned to de facto indentured servitude or minimum social benefits until their debts are paid in full, with accrued
1842:
with approved counseling agencies prior to filing a bankruptcy petition and to undertake education in personal financial management from approved agencies prior to being granted a discharge of debts under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13. Some studies of the operation of the credit counseling
968:
For the duration of their bankruptcy, all bankrupts have certain restrictions placed upon them. For example, a bankrupt must obtain the permission of their trustee to travel overseas. Failure to do so may result in the bankrupt being stopped at the airport by the Australian Federal Police.
1860:
Often called "straight bankruptcy" or "simple bankruptcy", a Chapter 7 bankruptcy potentially allows debtors to eliminate most or all of their debts over a period of as little as three or four months. In a typical consumer bankruptcy, the only debts that survive a Chapter 7 are
1222:
Irish bankruptcy law has been the subject of significant comment, from both government sources and the media, as being in need of reform. Part 7 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 has started this process and the government has committed to further reform.
2048:
The insolvency numbers for private individuals also do not show the whole picture. Only a fraction of heavily indebted households file for insolvency. Two of the main reasons for this are the stigma of declaring themselves insolvent and the potential business disadvantage.
757:
In the US, it is very difficult to discharge federal or federally guaranteed student loan debt by filing bankruptcy. Unlike most other debts, those student loans may be discharged only if the person seeking discharge establishes specific grounds for discharge under the
1345:. This proceeding is designed for individuals only and is the result of a court ruling. The judge appoints a monitor. The monitor is an independent third party who monitors the individual's ongoing business and decides about financial matters during the period of the
2530:
1394:
economic recovery, the liquidator. During the bankruptcy trustee in bankruptcy (insolvency officer) has a decisive influence on the movement of assets (property) of the debtor - the debtor and has a key influence on the economic and legal aspects of its operations.
803:
While difficult to generalize across jurisdictions, common criminal acts under bankruptcy statutes typically involve concealment of assets, concealment or destruction of documents, conflicts of interest, fraudulent claims, false statements or declarations, and
1003:
Current law covers three legal proceedings. The first one is bankruptcy itself ("Falência"). Bankruptcy is a court-ordered liquidation procedure for an insolvent business. The final goal of bankruptcy is to liquidate company assets and pay its creditors.
2496:
2053:
ended in liquidation in Europe rather than the businesses surviving the crisis. These new law models are meant to change this; lawmakers are hoping to turn bankruptcy into a chance for restructuring rather than a death sentence for the companies.
957:
All bankrupts must lodge a Statement of Affairs document, also known as a Bankruptcy Form, with AFSA, which includes important information about their assets and liabilities. A bankruptcy cannot be discharged until this document has been lodged.
3750:"BAPCPA Table 2A. U.S. Bankruptcy Courts – Income and Expenses Reported by Individual Debtors in Chapter 7 Cases With Predominantly Nonbusiness Debts Commenced During the 12-Month Period Ending December 31, 2013, as Required by 28 U.S.C. 159(c)"
1734:
A debtor declares bankruptcy to obtain relief from debt, and this is normally accomplished either through a discharge of the debt or through a restructuring of the debt. When a debtor files a voluntary petition, their bankruptcy case commences.
1148:
A consumer proposal can only be made by a debtor with debts to a maximum of $ 250,000 (not including the mortgage on their principal residence). If debts are greater than $ 250,000, the proposal must be filed under Division 1 of Part III of the
754:) in 2003 which provides for debt settlement plans that can result in a reduction of the debt (maximally half of the amount) or an extension of the payment period of maximally five years (Gerhardt, 2009), but it does not foresee debt discharge.
965:
their obligations under the Bankruptcy Act; investigating the bankrupt's financial affairs; realising funds to which the estate is entitled under the Bankruptcy Act and distributing dividends to creditors if sufficient funds become available.
1290:
2016 (New Code). Earlier a clear law on corporate bankruptcy did not exist, even though individual bankruptcy laws have been in existence since 1874. The earlier law in force was enacted in 1920 called the Provincial Insolvency Act.
1914:
In a corporate or business bankruptcy, an indebted company is typically recapitalized so that it emerges from bankruptcy with more equity and less debt, with potential for dispute over the valuation of the reorganized business.
1827:. The automatic stay means that the mere request for bankruptcy protection automatically halts most lawsuits, repossessions, foreclosures, evictions, garnishments, attachments, utility shut-offs, and debt collection activity.
1153:. An Administrator is required in the Consumer Proposal, and a Trustee in the Division I Proposal (these are virtually the same although the terms are not interchangeable). A Proposal Administrator is almost always a licensed
953:
of at least $ 5,000. A person can also seek to have themselves declared bankrupt for any amount of debt by lodging a debtor's petition with the "Official Receiver", which is the Australian Financial Security Authority (AFSA).
2522:
901:
At the same time, when being declared bankrupt with a voluntary bankruptcy application, the applicant bears the obligation to prove the fact that the value of his assets is less than his assets by one million AMD or more.
1813:: rehabilitation with a payment plan for individuals with a regular source of income; enables individuals with regular income to develop a plan to repay all or part of their debts; also known as Wage Earner Bankruptcy
1298:
Winding up of companies was in the jurisdiction of the courts which can take a decade even after the company has actually been declared insolvent. On the other hand, supervisory restructuring at the behest of the
3540:
4105:"Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Rule 3015. Filing, Objection to Confirmation, and Modification of a Plan in a Chapter 12 Family Farmer's Debt Adjustment or a Chapter 13 Individual's Debt Adjustment Case"
2492:
709:
in 1557, 1560, 1575 and 1596. According to Kenneth S. Rogoff, "Although the development of international capital markets was quite limited prior to 1800, we nevertheless catalog the various defaults of
2044:, more than 40,000 insolvency proceedings were opened in 2004, but under 600 were opened in Spain. At the same time the average bad debt write-off rate in France was 1.3% compared to Spain with 2.6%.
949:. Acts of bankruptcy are defined in the legislation, and include the failure to comply with a bankruptcy notice. A bankruptcy notice can be issued where, among other cases, a person fails to pay a
1070:
reduction of 8.9% from 2010. Commercial estates filed by Canadian trustees in 2011 4,775 estates, 3,643 bankruptcies and 1,132 Division 1 proposals. This represents a reduction of 8.6% over 2010.
2040:, it is not economically profitable to open insolvency/bankruptcy proceedings against certain types of businesses, and therefore the number of insolvencies is quite low. For comparison: In
2469:
Dubois & Anderson (2010) Managing household debts: Social service provision in the EU. Working paper. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
1766:, at which the bankruptcy trustee and creditors review the petitioner's petition and supporting schedules, question the petitioner, and can challenge exemptions they believe are improper.
776:
Even if a debtor proves all three elements, a court may permit only a partial discharge of the student loan. Student loan borrowers may benefit from restructuring their payments through a
3988:
2056:
EU policy aims to ensure that "honest entrepreneurs" are afforded a second chance at business development. A faster start-up programme for people affected by bankruptcy operating in
4280:
3720:
Jones, Yvonne D. (2007). "Bankruptcy Reform: Value of Credit Counseling Requirement Is Not Clear (GAO-07-203)". Washington, D.C.: Government Accountability Office. p. (Highlights).
812:. Multiple filings are not in and of themselves criminal, but they may violate provisions of bankruptcy law. In the U.S., bankruptcy fraud statutes are particularly focused on the
3819:
988:
information is on a credit report may be shorter, depending on the issuing company, but the report must cease to record that information based on the criteria in the Privacy Act.
889:
In Argentina the national Act "24.522 de Concursos y Quiebras" regulates the Bankruptcy and the Reorganization of the individuals and companies, public entities are not included.
1843:
requirement suggest that it provides little benefit to debtors who receive the counseling because the only realistic option for many is to seek relief under the Bankruptcy Code.
627:
2657:
4023:
3663:
3451:
2290:
3958:
3749:
972:
The realisation of funds usually comes from two main sources: the bankrupt's assets and the bankrupt's wages. There are certain assets that are protected, referred to as
3532:
1300:
1141:
In Canada, a person can file a consumer proposal as an alternative to bankruptcy. A consumer proposal is a negotiated settlement between a debtor and their creditors.
3279:
4083:
3339:
738:
practices no longer rests on the elimination of insolvent entities, but on the remodeling of the financial and organizational structure of debtors experiencing
607:
Italy, where there allegedly existed the tradition of smashing a banker's bench if he defaulted on payment. However, the existence of such a ritual is doubted.
358:
3301:
3163:
1942:
will normally dismiss the case on the motion of the trustee. After a dismissal, creditors may resume pursuit of state law remedies to recover the unpaid debt.
1538:). However, the term 'bankruptcy' is often used when referring to companies in the media and in general conversation. Bankruptcy in Scotland is referred to as
3600:
3486:
2445:
1175:
smaller debt load and a more positive financial future. While not technically a form of bankruptcy, businesses with $ 5M or more in debt may make use of the
3221:
1869:
obligations, some tax bills, and criminal fines. Credit cards, pay day loans, personal loans, medical bills, and just about all other bills are discharged.
1338:
only applies to companies. Its goal is to reach an agreement with the creditors of the company. It is comparable to filing for protection against creditors.
4336:
2426:
2083:
event itself. However, the tumultuous events that follow may bring down the state, so in common language, states would be described as being bankrupted.
1066:
Bankruptcy is filed when a person or a company becomes insolvent and cannot pay their debts as they become due and if they have at least $ 1,000 in debt.
2628:
2102:) in 614 A.D. ended in the former's disintegration within 4 years, although the latter also seemingly entered into decline and fell some 56 years later.
3931:
984:
paying the creditors some of the money they are owed. If the creditors accept the offer, the bankruptcy can be annulled after the funds are received.
414:
4181:
2474:
3078:
2979:
1924:
1902:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
777:
343:
214:
2954:
2706:
1789:: basic liquidation for individuals and businesses; also known as straight bankruptcy; it is the simplest and quickest form of bankruptcy available
2900:
2871:
2842:
2813:
1855:
1792:
1786:
470:
81:
1176:
1467:
protective composition, and second, a formal bankruptcy that is split into a rescue process (similar to protective composition) or liquidation.
3570:
1150:
3980:
3053:
2326:
1455:
if the company is declared bankrupt. Therefore, it is normal that trade union do the application for bankruptcy if a supplier hasn't already.
4258:
3788:
1204:
800:
in bankruptcy proceedings. It may include filing of false information, multiple filings in different jurisdictions, bribery, and other acts.
384:
4354:
3246:
3127:
4819:
3696:
1478:
543:
209:
4269:
2784:
2755:
2565:
1018:) is a private negotiation that involves creditors and debtors and, as with court-ordered restructuring, also must be approved by courts.
3841:
3811:
1819:: ancillary and other international cases; provides a mechanism for dealing with bankruptcy debtors and helps foreign debtors clear debts
3029:
1443:
4349:
3004:
1775:
938:
4312:
4239:
2649:
2457:
1995:
4015:
1569:
has resulted in a dramatic fall in bankruptcies, the latest estimates for year 2014/15 being significantly less than 30,000 cases.
1193:
3655:
1059:
Trustees in bankruptcy, 1041 individuals licensed to administer insolvencies, bankruptcy and proposal estates are governed by the
1056:, is responsible for ensuring that bankruptcies are administered in a fair and orderly manner by all licensed Trustees in Canada.
726:, and the early Italian city-states. At the edge of Europe, Egypt, Russia, and Turkey have histories of chronic default as well."
3458:
2282:
2197:
1507:
106:
2310:
4824:
3946:
3756:
1694:
439:
4142:
4112:
2587:
4573:
4423:
3900:
3870:
1977:
1744:
1435:
In Sweden, bankruptcy (Swedish: konkurs) is a formal process that may involve a company or individual. It is not the same as
1287:
1277:
409:
4053:
3630:
3429:
3399:
4344:
3511:
3101:
1048:
in the United States filed for bankruptcy on January 15, 2015, and closed all of its stores by April 12. The office of the
1414:
1136:
1060:
1033:
667:
434:
429:
394:
86:
2365:"Beautifully Broken Benches: A Typology of Strategic Bankruptcies and The Opportunities for Positive Shareholder Returns"
4387:
3369:
2632:
2086:
An example of this is when a Korean state bankrupted Imperial China causing its destruction, or more specifically, when
1403:
1323:). The goal of the bankruptcy is the liquidation of the assets of the company. The bankruptcy applies only to companies.
1158:
1053:
1049:
647:, bankruptcy did not exist. If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into "
424:
1124:
To give such directions to the trustee as the creditors may see fit with reference to the administration of the estate.
3271:
3188:
1973:
1535:
1502:
925:
4075:
3331:
2679:
1164:
In 2006, there were 98,450 personal insolvency filings in Canada: 79,218 bankruptcies and 19,232 consumer proposals.
3167:
4706:
1716:
942:
3592:
3482:
1966:
3213:
911:
616:
490:
379:
2347:
1838:
Before a consumer may obtain bankruptcy relief under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13, the debtor is to undertake
3134:
2228:
1712:
1359:
1027:
536:
419:
404:
389:
374:
260:
2033:, more than half of all potential bankruptcy proceedings in 2004 were not opened, due to insufficient funding.
1699:
1446:
anyway, and creditors do not usually benefit from the bankruptcy of individuals because there are costs of a
4742:
4653:
4202:
2147:
1554:
1482:
517:
507:
460:
348:
286:
137:
116:
4379:
4165:
3923:
1670:
The UK bankruptcy law was changed in May 2000, effective May 29, 2000. Debtors may now retain occupational
1442:
The formal bankruptcy process is rarely carried out for individuals. Creditors can claim money through the
663:
forbade enslavement for debt; as a consequence, most Athenian slaves were foreigners (Greek or otherwise).
4557:
2470:
2222:
1723:
to enact "uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States". Congress has enacted
1720:
1511:
1196:
legalized bankruptcy in 1986, and a revised law that was more expansive and complete was enacted in 2007.
881:, in which case an individual may have the amount of remaining debt reduced or be released from the debt.
622:
250:
3074:
2975:
833:
act since it creates a real (not a fake) bankruptcy state. However, it may still work against the filer.
4747:
2946:
2704:
2187:
1546:
1447:
930:
836:
All assets must be disclosed in bankruptcy schedules whether or not the debtor believes the asset has a
660:
455:
353:
245:
229:
183:
162:
157:
2892:
2863:
2834:
2805:
2925:
4829:
4568:
4548:
2217:
2172:
2152:
1908:
1748:
1531:
1527:
861:
825:
769:
The borrower's financial situation is likely to continue for most or all of the repayment period; and
632:
465:
71:
3562:
3026:"Insolvency Statistics in Canada—2011 (Table 3) – Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada"
3001:"Insolvency Statistics in Canada—2011 (Table 2) – Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Canada"
780:
bankruptcy repayment plan, but few qualify for discharge of part or all of their student loan debt.
4814:
4681:
4227:
3049:
2330:
2065:
1831:
1562:
1558:
1539:
1283:
1188:
946:
636:
563:
may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a
529:
399:
3780:
2364:
2265:
1179:
to halt all debt recovery efforts against the company while they formulate a plan to restructure.
961:
Ordinarily, a bankruptcy lasts three years from the filing of the Statement of Affairs with AFSA.
4563:
4543:
4416:
3272:"Landmark bankruptcy decision in the Dubai courts - personal liability of Directors and Officers"
3138:
2394:
2192:
2167:
2157:
1779:
1728:
1704:
1474:
1041:
916:
In Australia, bankruptcy is a status which applies to individuals and is governed by the federal
878:
805:
793:
739:
735:
702:
701:
A failure of a nation to meet bond repayments has been seen on many occasions. In a similar way,
695:
485:
276:
193:
4628:
3685:
1907:
In Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the debtor retains ownership and control of assets and is re-termed a
4135:"Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Rule 1017. Dismissal or Conversion of Case; Suspension"
2776:
2747:
1727:
governing bankruptcy, primarily in the form of the Bankruptcy Code, located at Title 11 of the
4773:
4648:
4508:
4308:
4254:
4235:
4173:
3833:
3729:
3721:
2553:
2453:
2386:
2207:
2177:
2080:
1874:
1839:
1566:
1550:
1494:
746:
household expenditures must be equally provided during this period of rehabilitation (Refiner
706:
512:
495:
480:
327:
255:
147:
96:
1349:. The individual can travel out of the country freely after the judge's decision on the case.
3025:
3000:
2376:
1366:
595:
322:
291:
188:
152:
4793:
4711:
4686:
4618:
4613:
4588:
4465:
4391:
4330:
3061:
3057:
2710:
2636:
2478:
2449:
2416:
1877:
in the debtor's car may repossess the car even if the debt to the creditor is discharged.
950:
307:
91:
37:
4396:
3128:"The transformation of the Israeli bankruptcy system as a reflection of societal changes"
2523:""Undue Hardship" Under Section 523(a)(8): Can the Debtor's Student Loans Be Discharged?"
1542:. To apply for bankruptcy in Scotland, an individual must have more than £1,500 of debt.
766:
If required to repay the loan, the borrower cannot maintain a minimal standard of living;
3947:"Valuation in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy: The Dangers of an Implicit Market Test Market Test"
2259:
2008:
In 2004, the number of insolvencies reached record highs in many European countries. In
1893:
appliances, trade tools, and books. However, these exemptions vary from state to state.
1259:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4726:
4696:
4676:
4578:
4518:
4470:
4455:
4447:
2238:
2233:
2142:
2119:
2025:
bankruptcy figures, especially when comparing on an international basis. Two examples:
1824:
1208:
1045:
856:, bankruptcy is limited to individuals; other forms of insolvency proceedings (such as
853:
656:
644:
603:, literally meaning "broken bank". The term is often described as having originated in
3189:"Evighetsgäldenärer, synpunkter från Skatteverket 2004 Skatteverkets skrivelse 041229"
574:
Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term
4808:
4788:
4756:
4752:
4671:
4488:
4409:
4364:
2421:
2306:
2182:
1866:
1835:
by income. As many as 65% of all US consumer bankruptcy filings are Chapter 7 cases.
1724:
1037:
865:
817:
652:
224:
2398:
1370:
credit organizations used in conjunction with the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act.
808:
or redistribution arrangements. Falsifications on bankruptcy forms often constitute
559:
is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to
4721:
4716:
4701:
4691:
4643:
4623:
4595:
4134:
4104:
2579:
1862:
1473:
The Bankruptcy Law does not apply to government bodies, or to companies trading in
1216:
691:
648:
121:
101:
4205:, COM(2008)394 final, page 19, published on 25 June 2008, accessed on 14 July 2024
3892:
3862:
4045:
3622:
3507:
3421:
3391:
2441:
1795:: municipal bankruptcy; a federal mechanism for the resolution of municipal debts
4760:
4663:
4638:
4553:
4503:
2212:
2162:
2127:
2091:
2087:
1955:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1498:
1420:
1212:
921:
857:
797:
671:
604:
564:
281:
111:
17:
4301:
1118:
To affirm the appointment of the trustee or substitute another in place thereof
4778:
4608:
4498:
2202:
2133:
2109:
1436:
1424:
683:
675:
579:
501:
46:
4384:
4177:
3361:
2390:
2381:
1758:
After a bankruptcy petition is filed, the court schedules a hearing called a
4633:
4460:
2722:
2493:"Narrow bankruptcy laws make it nearly impossible to discharge student debt"
2095:
1846:
Corporations and other business forms normally file under Chapters 7 or 11.
1373:
Bankruptcy law provides for the following stages of insolvency proceedings:
873:
interest except when the court decides to show rare clemency by accepting a
837:
679:
219:
31:
4232:
Navigating Failure: Bankruptcy and Commercial Society in Antebellum America
3192:
937:
If a person commits an act of bankruptcy, then a creditor can apply to the
3733:
2113:
1823:
An important feature applicable to all types of bankruptcy filings is the
4783:
4603:
2806:"BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 – SECT 43 Jurisdiction to make sequestration orders"
2624:
2307:"Bankrupt – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
2099:
1084:
Review the file for any fraudulent preferences or reviewable transactions
1032:
Bankruptcy, also referred to as insolvency in Canada, is governed by the
813:
715:
560:
317:
178:
142:
3247:"COVID-19: Managing Financial Difficulties in the United Arab Emirates"
2430:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 322.
2061:
2057:
2030:
2013:
1980: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1671:
1458:
company which has bought important assets from the bankrupted company.
1154:
1108:
841:
809:
719:
4359:
3725:
4493:
2064:
business owners and self-employed persons were highlighted in a 2008
2041:
2017:
2009:
997:
874:
772:
The borrower has made a good faith effort to repay the student loans.
742:
so as to permit the rehabilitation and continuation of the business.
711:
568:
475:
1470:
Directors of a company can be held personally liable for its debts.
796:
most typically involving concealment of assets by a debtor to avoid
4513:
2037:
1698:
1557:. Current law in England and Wales derives in large part from the
830:
789:
734:
The principal focus of modern insolvency legislation and business
723:
687:
626:
4329:
2415:
1510:(in a strict legal sense) relates only to individuals (including
1111:
calls the first meeting of creditors for the following purposes:
4480:
4432:
4234:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 322.
3812:"Preparing Petitions: It Irks the Lawyers, But Is It Lawyering?"
3302:"Restructuring and insolvency in United Arab Emirates: overview"
1107:
Creditors become involved by attending creditors' meetings. The
312:
4405:
4374:
4214:"Koguryo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
3597:
United States Bankruptcy Court, Northern District of California
1311:
Dutch bankruptcy law is governed by the Dutch Bankruptcy Code (
1303:
is generally undertaken using receivership by a public entity.
1949:
1239:
1036:
and is applicable to businesses and individuals. For example,
844:
would then be at the discretion of the judge or U.S. Trustee.
4251:
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Restructurings, 5th Edition
53:
3075:"Part 7 of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011"
2921:
2442:
This time is different: eight centuries of financial folly
1522:
enter into differently named legal insolvency procedures:
3166:(in Swedish). Skatteverket.se. 2009-05-28. Archived from
1711:
Bankruptcy in the United States is a matter placed under
2554:"Separate Classification of Student Loans in Chapter 13"
1080:
Some of the duties of the trustee in bankruptcy are to:
4401:
4360:
Executive Office for United States Bankruptcy Trustees
4307:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
2079:
Technically, states do not collapse directly due to a
1315:). The code covers three separate legal proceedings.
4370:
National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys
4203:"Think Small First: A "Small Business Act for Europe"
1161:
may appoint other people to serve as administrators.
762:
test, under which the court evaluates three factors:
3863:"11 U.S. Code § 1101 - Definitions for this chapter"
2947:"BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 – SECT 149 Automatic discharge"
1719:(in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 4), which empowers
4735:
4662:
4587:
4531:
4479:
4446:
4439:
4369:
2261:
A treatise on the law and proceedings in bankruptcy
1377:
Monitoring procedure or Supervision (nablyudeniye);
651:" until the creditor recouped losses through their
4300:
3214:"The UAE bankruptcy law and the aviation industry"
2864:"BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 - SECT 41 Bankruptcy notices"
2835:"BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 – SECT 40 Acts of bankruptcy"
1807:: rehabilitation for family farmers and fishermen;
920:. Companies do not go bankrupt but rather go into
4076:"Bankruptcy Basics: Secured vs. Unsecured Claims"
3922:Spector, Mike; Jargon, Julie (January 10, 2012).
2893:"BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 – SECT 55 Debtor's petition"
2611:140 Cong. Rec. S14, 461 (daily ed. Oct. 6, 1994).
2021:debt write-off rates for the economy as a whole.
1380:The economic recovery (finansovoe ozdorovleniye);
3924:"Twinkies Maker Preparing for Chapter 11 Filing"
3834:"Arizona Bankruptcy Means Test - Pew Law Center"
3563:"Code of Virginia, Sec. 34-4. Exemption created"
3483:"Bankruptcy Exemptions Available to Individuals"
2012:, company insolvencies rose by more than 4%, in
1301:Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
3744:
3742:
2440:Carmen M. Reinhart, Kenneth S. Rogoff (2009). "
1007:The second one is Court-ordered Restructuring (
3060:: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (
823:Bankruptcy fraud should be distinguished from
30:"Bankrupt" redirects here. For the album, see
4417:
3508:"Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions: 11 USC § 522"
1934:to greater payment than unsecured creditors.
816:of particular actions. Bankruptcy fraud is a
598:
537:
8:
4303:Born Losers: A History of Failure in America
3695:. Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.
3662:. Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.
1774:There are six types of bankruptcy under the
1219:are used to deal with corporate insolvency.
698:for anyone who became bankrupt three times.
4380:Website of the Insolvency Service in the UK
3650:
3648:
1743:While bankruptcy cases are always filed in
1674:while in bankruptcy, except in rare cases.
1389:Amicable Agreement (mirovoye soglasheniye).
4443:
4424:
4410:
4402:
4046:"11 U.S. Code § 109 - Who may be a debtor"
4010:
4008:
4006:
3893:"11 U.S. Code § 1126 - Acceptance of plan"
2629:Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse
2348:"Origin and History of the Bankruptcy Law"
1386:Liquidation (konkursnoye proizvodstvo) and
639:led to French national bankruptcy in 1720.
544:
530:
42:
3326:
3324:
3322:
2516:
2514:
2380:
2071:as good practice examples in this field.
1996:Learn how and when to remove this message
1383:External control (vneshneye upravleniye);
4201:Commission of the European Communities,
4141:. Cornell Law School. 30 November 2011.
4111:. Cornell Law School. 30 November 2011.
3593:"What is a 341(a) Meeting of Creditors?"
3452:"Schedule C- Property Claimed as Exempt"
3191:(in Swedish). Fattiga.se. Archived from
2414:Manson, Edward William Donoghue (1911).
1925:Chapter 13, Title 11, United States Code
1903:Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code
1571:
1485:, which have their own insolvency laws.
1423:law, bankruptcy can be a consequence of
694:contained a provision that mandated the
4270:"Cross-border insolvency law in the EU"
3102:"Restructuring Israel's insolvency law"
2250:
1856:Chapter 7, Title 11, United States Code
1211:. Other insolvency processes including
1115:To consider the affairs of the bankrupt
447:
366:
335:
299:
268:
237:
201:
170:
129:
63:
45:
4279:. Library of the European Parliament.
3392:"11 U.S. Code § 301 - Voluntary cases"
3372:from the original on 23 September 2017
2452:". Princeton University Press. p. 30.
4375:Bankruptcy Research Database (WebBRD)
4286:from the original on 28 December 2013
3623:"11 U.S. Code § 362 - Automatic stay"
3342:from the original on 17 February 2018
3282:from the original on 15 December 2021
3241:
3239:
3224:from the original on 15 December 2021
3106:Restructuring Israel's insolvency law
2656:. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
2329:. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from
1286:in the first week of May 2016 passed
7:
4574:Debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing
4340:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.
4145:from the original on 20 October 2017
4115:from the original on 19 October 2017
4086:from the original on 26 October 2021
4056:from the original on 19 October 2017
4026:from the original on 20 October 2017
3991:from the original on 5 December 2020
3903:from the original on 19 October 2017
3873:from the original on 19 October 2017
3573:from the original on 19 October 2017
3543:from the original on 19 October 2017
3402:from the original on 19 October 2017
3081:from the original on 19 January 2012
2491:Ferral, Katelyn (28 December 2017).
1978:adding citations to reliable sources
1561:. Following the introduction of the
1479:Dubai International Financial Centre
1177:Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act
670:of 1542 was the first statute under
4350:Official U.S. Bankruptcy Statistics
3822:from the original on June 24, 2017.
3633:from the original on 27 August 2017
2590:from the original on 29 August 2011
2558:Washington University Law Quarterly
1326:The second legal proceeding in the
928:, which is governed by the federal
864:) are applied to companies. In the
678:. Bankruptcy is also documented in
4397:Official Means Testing Information
4385:Bankruptcy Statistics in Hong Kong
3961:from the original on 21 March 2020
3934:from the original on July 9, 2017.
3686:"Chapter 7 Means Test Calculation"
3432:from the original on 9 August 2017
3362:"U.S. Code: Title 11 - Bankruptcy"
2533:from the original on 14 March 2018
2499:from the original on 13 March 2018
2313:from the original on 23 March 2014
2293:from the original on 23 March 2014
2264:. The W. H. Anderson Co. pp.
1093:Object to the bankrupt's discharge
27:Legal status for relief from debts
25:
3951:University of Illinois Law Review
3666:from the original on 29 June 2016
3603:from the original on 11 June 2017
3422:"11 U.S. Code § 522 - Exemptions"
2580:"Bankruptcy fraud | Wex | US Law"
2521:Treff, Leslie (29 October 2012).
1705:largest municipal bankruptcy case
1040:, the Canadian subsidiary of the
1014:The Extrajudicial Restructuring (
730:Modern law and debt restructuring
4016:"Chapter 13 - Bankruptcy Basics"
3164:"Konkurs – Vad är konkurs?"
2568:from the original on 2017-02-23.
2552:Gerson, Seth J. (January 1995).
2198:Individual voluntary arrangement
2126:
2112:
1954:
1553:(a civil servant) or a licensed
1508:Bankruptcy in the United Kingdom
1244:
4249:DePamphilis, Donald M. (2009).
4184:from the original on 2016-11-22
3844:from the original on 2017-01-08
3810:Adam Liptak (August 13, 2002).
3791:from the original on 5 May 2015
3702:from the original on 1 May 2017
3533:"Code of Maryland, Sec. 11–504"
3514:from the original on 2014-02-26
3489:from the original on 2014-03-10
3032:from the original on 2013-06-29
3007:from the original on 2013-06-29
2982:from the original on 2012-04-14
2978:. Planalto.gov.br. 2005-02-09.
2957:from the original on 2017-01-31
2928:from the original on 2013-08-16
2903:from the original on 2017-01-31
2874:from the original on 2017-01-31
2845:from the original on 2017-01-31
2816:from the original on 2017-01-31
2787:from the original on 2017-02-23
2758:from the original on 2017-02-01
2660:from the original on 7 May 2018
1965:needs additional citations for
1695:Bankruptcy in the United States
852:In some countries, such as the
578:is therefore not a synonym for
4345:U.S. Federal Bankruptcy Courts
4166:"Europe Builds Own Chapter 11"
3567:Legislative Information System
3050:"Insolvency in Canada in 2006"
2495:. Madison.com. The Cap Times.
2369:Journal of Business Strategies
2309:. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
2075:Effective sovereign bankruptcy
1745:United States Bankruptcy Court
1288:Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
1278:Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
1194:The People's Republic of China
1:
1778:, located at Title 11 of the
1415:Insolvency law of Switzerland
1319:The first is the bankruptcy (
1151:Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act
1137:Consumer bankruptcy in Canada
1096:Distribute funds to creditors
1061:Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act
1034:Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act
4253:. Elsevier, Academic Press.
4164:Ball, Deborah (2013-04-05).
3569:. Commonwealth of Virginia.
3537:General Assembly of Maryland
2258:Frank Olds Loveland (1912).
1404:South African insolvency law
1341:The third proceeding is the
1159:Superintendent of Bankruptcy
1157:in bankruptcy, although the
1050:Superintendent of Bankruptcy
4820:Personal financial problems
4139:Legal Information Institute
4109:Legal Information Institute
4050:Legal Information Institute
3897:Legal Information Institute
3867:Legal Information Institute
3627:Legal Information Institute
3426:Legal Information Institute
3396:Legal Information Institute
3366:Legal Information Institute
2584:Legal Information Institute
2287:Online Etymology Dictionary
1703:In 2013, Detroit filed the
1536:administrative receivership
1503:Administration (insolvency)
1087:Chair meetings of creditors
674:dealing with bankruptcy or
4846:
4299:Sandage, Scott A. (2006).
1922:
1900:
1853:
1717:United States Constitution
1692:
1492:
1444:Enforcement Administration
1412:
1401:
1357:
1275:
1186:
1134:
1090:Sell any non-exempt assets
1025:
909:
620:
614:
29:
4769:
2527:LexisNexis Legal Newsroom
2016:by more than 10%, and in
1830:The most common types of
1573:UK Bankruptcy statistics
1253:This section needs to be
1016:Recuperação Extrajudicial
912:Australian insolvency law
617:History of bankruptcy law
567:, often initiated by the
491:History of bankruptcy law
4355:US Courts Bankruptcy Law
3985:American Bar Association
3599:. United States Courts.
3135:Florida State University
3064:). Retrieved 2007-05-30.
2382:10.54155/jbs.12.2.99-134
2363:Sheppard, Jerry (1995).
2229:Stalking Horse Agreement
2060:and a scheme to support
1360:Insolvency law of Russia
1168:Commercial restructuring
1028:Insolvency law of Canada
261:Voidable floating charge
4743:Consumer leverage ratio
4654:Tax refund interception
4365:Cornell Bankruptcy Laws
4337:Encyclopædia Britannica
4080:The National Law Review
3981:"Chapter 13 Bankruptcy"
3928:The Wall Street Journal
3056:March 29, 2007, at the
2976:"Brazil. Law 11,105/05"
2777:"CORPORATIONS ACT 2001"
2703:(57/1993), section 25.
2427:Encyclopædia Britannica
2346:Vrooman, O. O. (1932).
2148:Bankruptcy alternatives
1555:insolvency practitioner
1483:Abu Dhabi Global Market
508:Pre-packaged insolvency
461:Bankruptcy alternatives
349:Cross-border insolvency
287:Trading while insolvent
138:Insolvency practitioner
117:Provisional liquidation
4825:Corporate liquidations
4052:. Cornell Law School.
3899:. Cornell Law School.
3869:. Cornell Law School.
3629:. Cornell Law School.
3428:. Cornell Law School.
3398:. Cornell Law School.
3368:. Cornell Law School.
2586:. Cornell University.
2352:Commercial Law Journal
2223:Sole Trader Insolvency
1708:
1518:. Companies and other
1336:surseance van betaling
1332:surseance van betaling
820:in the United States.
640:
623:History of debt relief
599:
251:Undervalue transaction
58:
4748:Debt levels and flows
3332:"Guide to Bankruptcy"
2748:"BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966"
2680:"Guide to Bankruptcy"
2188:Distressed securities
1702:
1547:trustee in bankruptcy
1205:Bankruptcy in Ireland
1121:To appoint inspectors
1044:, the second-largest
980:three or five years.
939:Federal Circuit Court
931:Corporations Act 2001
630:
456:Anti-deprivation rule
354:Insolvency Regulation
246:Fraudulent conveyance
230:Scheme of arrangement
184:Preferential creditor
163:Trustee in bankruptcy
158:Referee in Bankruptcy
57:
4569:Debt snowball method
4020:United States Courts
3945:Dick, Diane (2017).
3693:United States Courts
3660:United States Courts
3251:Latham & Watkins
3144:on 15 September 2006
2924:. AFSA. 2011-12-31.
2650:"18 U.S. Code § 157"
2471:euro found.europa.eu
2218:Protected trust deed
2173:Debtor in possession
1974:improve this article
1909:debtor in possession
1764:meeting of creditors
1749:U.S. District Courts
1739:Debts and exemptions
1713:federal jurisdiction
1685:through the courts.
1532:administration order
1462:United Arab Emirates
1009:Recuperação Judicial
826:strategic bankruptcy
705:had to declare four
668:Statute of Bankrupts
4170:Wall Street Journal
3510:. Law.cornell.edu.
3278:. 12 October 2021.
3220:. 19 October 2021.
2623:18 U.S.C. sec 152.
2066:European Commission
1832:personal bankruptcy
1747:(an adjunct to the
1574:
1563:Enterprise Act 2002
1559:Insolvency Act 1986
1284:Parliament of India
1189:Bankruptcy in China
1101:Creditors' meetings
947:sequestration order
918:Bankruptcy Act 1966
637:Mississippi Company
210:Administration (UK)
4390:2010-09-09 at the
4331:"Bankruptcy"
3816:The New York Times
3781:"Bankruptcy Forms"
3656:"Chapter 7 Basics"
2951:www.austlii.edu.au
2839:www.austlii.edu.au
2709:2020-02-26 at the
2635:2008-07-25 at the
2477:2013-11-07 at the
2448:2016-04-14 at the
2417:"Bankruptcy"
2278:Multiple sources:
2193:Financial distress
2168:Debt restructuring
2158:Debt consolidation
1780:United States Code
1729:United States Code
1709:
1572:
1549:must be either an
1448:bankruptcy manager
1367:natural monopolies
1129:Consumer proposals
1074:Duties of trustees
1042:Target Corporation
879:debt restructuring
794:white-collar crime
740:financial distress
736:debt restructuring
707:state bankruptcies
703:Philip II of Spain
641:
486:Financial distress
359:UNCITRAL Model Law
277:Fraudulent trading
194:Unsecured creditor
59:
36:For the band, see
4802:
4801:
4649:Strategic default
4614:Collection agency
4527:
4526:
4509:Predatory lending
4260:978-0-12-374878-2
4228:Balleisen, Edward
4082:, 29 April 2021,
3987:. 11 April 2012.
2208:Judicial estoppel
2153:Creditor's rights
2081:sovereign default
2006:
2005:
1998:
1875:security interest
1840:credit counseling
1661:
1660:
1567:Debt Relief Order
1551:Official Receiver
1495:UK insolvency law
1328:Faillissementswet
1313:Faillissementswet
1274:
1273:
1046:discount retailer
829:, which is not a
554:
553:
513:Sovereign default
496:List of bankrupts
466:Creditors' rights
328:Security interest
256:Unfair preference
238:Avoidance regimes
148:Regulatory agency
16:(Redirected from
4837:
4494:Consumer lending
4444:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4403:
4341:
4333:
4318:
4306:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4277:Library Briefing
4274:
4264:
4245:
4215:
4212:
4206:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4161:
4155:
4154:
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4150:
4131:
4125:
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3823:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3755:. Archived from
3754:
3746:
3737:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3690:
3682:
3676:
3675:
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3548:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3485:. Uscourts.gov.
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3457:. Archived from
3456:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3388:
3382:
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3328:
3317:
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3292:
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3259:
3257:
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3233:
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3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3137:. Archived from
3132:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3065:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2719:
2713:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2646:
2640:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2488:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2384:
2359:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2333:on 25 April 2014
2322:
2320:
2318:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2255:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1958:
1950:
1707:in U.S. history.
1575:
1512:sole proprietors
1269:
1266:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1207:applies only to
974:protected assets
877:application for
602:
594:is derived from
546:
539:
532:
323:Second lien loan
292:Wrongful trading
189:Secured creditor
43:
21:
18:Bankruptcy fraud
4845:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4794:Promissory note
4765:
4731:
4712:Deposit account
4658:
4629:Debtors' prison
4583:
4549:Management plan
4523:
4475:
4435:
4430:
4392:Wayback Machine
4328:
4325:
4315:
4298:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4248:
4242:
4226:
4223:
4221:Further reading
4218:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4187:
4185:
4163:
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4158:
4148:
4146:
4133:
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4118:
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4089:
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4069:
4059:
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3827:
3809:
3808:
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3329:
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3308:
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3299:
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3283:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3130:
3126:EFRAT, RAFAEL.
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3100:Zinger, Seffy.
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3062:Industry Canada
3058:Wayback Machine
3048:
3044:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2985:
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2974:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2931:
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2920:
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2915:
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2891:
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2848:
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2828:
2819:
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2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2775:
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2770:
2761:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2711:Wayback Machine
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2637:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2479:Wayback Machine
2468:
2464:
2450:Wayback Machine
2439:
2435:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2362:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2077:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1971:
1959:
1948:
1927:
1921:
1905:
1899:
1858:
1852:
1776:Bankruptcy Code
1772:
1741:
1697:
1691:
1678:Proposed reform
1505:
1493:Main articles:
1491:
1464:
1456:
1433:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1362:
1356:
1309:
1307:The Netherlands
1280:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1209:natural persons
1202:
1191:
1185:
1139:
1030:
1024:
994:
914:
908:
895:
887:
850:
786:
732:
682:. According to
659:, which by the
653:physical labour
625:
619:
613:
588:
550:
344:Chapter 15 (US)
308:Floating charge
215:Chapter 11 (US)
92:Conservatorship
41:
38:Bankrupt (band)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4843:
4841:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4727:Securitization
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4579:Loan guarantee
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4519:Vendor finance
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4324:
4323:External links
4321:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4296:
4268:Mańko, Rafał.
4265:
4259:
4246:
4240:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4207:
4194:
4156:
4126:
4096:
4067:
4037:
4002:
3972:
3937:
3914:
3884:
3854:
3838:Pew Law Center
3825:
3802:
3772:
3738:
3713:
3677:
3644:
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3584:
3554:
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3499:
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3155:
3118:
3092:
3066:
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3017:
2992:
2967:
2938:
2913:
2897:austlii.edu.au
2884:
2868:austlii.edu.au
2855:
2826:
2810:austlii.edu.au
2797:
2781:austlii.edu.au
2768:
2752:austlii.edu.au
2739:
2723:"Սնանկություն"
2714:
2696:
2671:
2641:
2613:
2601:
2571:
2544:
2510:
2483:
2462:
2433:
2422:Chisholm, Hugh
2406:
2404:
2403:
2360:
2343:
2323:
2303:
2271:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2239:Turnaround ADR
2236:
2234:Tools of trade
2231:
2226:
2220:
2215:
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2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
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2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:Bankruptcy Act
2139:
2138:
2137:
2123:
2120:Economy portal
2107:
2104:
2076:
2073:
2046:
2045:
2034:
2004:
2003:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1946:European Union
1944:
1923:Main article:
1920:
1917:
1901:Main article:
1898:
1895:
1881:the petition.
1854:Main article:
1851:
1848:
1825:automatic stay
1821:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1771:
1768:
1740:
1737:
1693:Main article:
1690:
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1585:
1582:
1579:
1528:administration
1490:
1489:United Kingdom
1487:
1463:
1460:
1432:
1429:
1413:Main article:
1410:
1407:
1402:Main article:
1399:
1396:
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1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1358:Main article:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:schuldsanering
1343:schuldsanering
1339:
1324:
1308:
1305:
1276:Main article:
1272:
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1234:
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1198:
1187:Main article:
1184:
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1135:Main article:
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1098:
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1054:federal agency
1026:Main article:
1023:
1020:
993:
990:
926:administration
907:
904:
894:
891:
886:
883:
862:administration
854:United Kingdom
849:
846:
785:
782:
774:
773:
770:
767:
731:
728:
645:Ancient Greece
615:Main article:
612:
609:
587:
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552:
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541:
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483:
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471:Chapter 9 (US)
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458:
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435:United Kingdom
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82:Chapter 7 (US)
79:
74:
72:Administration
66:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4812:
4810:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:Interest rate
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:Restructuring
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Consolidation
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:Business loan
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4422:
4420:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4314:0-674-02107-X
4310:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4241:0-8078-2600-6
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4157:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3915:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3762:on 2014-12-15
3758:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3464:on 2014-06-10
3460:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3307:
3306:Practical Law
3303:
3297:
3294:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3195:on 2012-03-14
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3170:on 2011-08-09
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:0-691-14216-5
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2375:(2): 99–134.
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:DIP Financing
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2069:Communication
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2000:
1997:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1963:This section
1961:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:of the Code.
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1867:child support
1864:
1863:student loans
1857:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1689:United States
1688:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1540:sequestration
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:faillissement
1318:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1268:
1265:December 2016
1256:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Target Canada
1035:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1001:
999:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
975:
970:
966:
962:
959:
955:
952:
951:judgment debt
948:
944:
943:Federal Court
940:
935:
933:
932:
927:
923:
919:
913:
905:
903:
899:
892:
890:
884:
882:
880:
876:
871:
867:
866:United States
863:
859:
855:
847:
845:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
827:
821:
819:
818:federal crime
815:
811:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
783:
781:
779:
771:
768:
765:
764:
763:
761:
755:
753:
749:
743:
741:
737:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
699:
697:
696:death penalty
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
661:laws of Solon
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
634:
629:
624:
618:
610:
608:
606:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
547:
542:
540:
535:
533:
528:
527:
525:
524:
519:
518:Subordination
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
440:United States
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
371:
370:
365:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
339:
336:International
334:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
303:
298:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
273:
272:
267:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
228:
226:
225:Restructuring
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
206:
205:
202:Restructuring
200:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
128:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
39:
35:
34:
19:
4759: /
4755: /
4722:Money market
4717:Fixed income
4644:Phantom debt
4624:Debt bondage
4592:
4538:
4335:
4302:
4288:. Retrieved
4276:
4250:
4231:
4210:
4197:
4186:. Retrieved
4169:
4159:
4147:. Retrieved
4138:
4129:
4117:. Retrieved
4108:
4099:
4088:, retrieved
4079:
4070:
4058:. Retrieved
4049:
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4019:
3993:. Retrieved
3984:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3954:
3950:
3940:
3927:
3917:
3905:. Retrieved
3896:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3866:
3857:
3846:. Retrieved
3837:
3828:
3815:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3785:uscourts.gov
3784:
3775:
3764:. Retrieved
3757:the original
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3692:
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3659:
3635:. Retrieved
3626:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3596:
3587:
3575:. Retrieved
3566:
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3536:
3527:
3516:. Retrieved
3502:
3491:. Retrieved
3477:
3466:. Retrieved
3459:the original
3446:
3434:. Retrieved
3425:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3395:
3386:
3374:. Retrieved
3365:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3335:
3309:. Retrieved
3305:
3296:
3284:. Retrieved
3275:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:
3226:. Retrieved
3217:
3208:
3197:. Retrieved
3193:the original
3183:
3172:. Retrieved
3168:the original
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3139:the original
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3105:
3095:
3085:21 September
3083:. Retrieved
3069:
3045:
3034:. Retrieved
3028:. Ic.gc.ca.
3020:
3009:. Retrieved
3003:. ic.gc.ca.
2995:
2984:. Retrieved
2970:
2959:. Retrieved
2950:
2941:
2930:. Retrieved
2916:
2905:. Retrieved
2896:
2887:
2876:. Retrieved
2867:
2858:
2847:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2818:. Retrieved
2809:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2780:
2771:
2760:. Retrieved
2751:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:
2717:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2683:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2625:trac.syr.edu
2620:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2583:
2574:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2526:
2501:. Retrieved
2486:
2465:
2436:
2425:
2409:
2372:
2368:
2355:
2351:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2315:. Retrieved
2295:. Retrieved
2286:
2274:
2260:
2253:
2085:
2078:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2023:
2007:
1992:
1983:
1972:Please help
1967:verification
1964:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1913:
1906:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1859:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1822:
1773:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1742:
1733:
1710:
1683:
1669:
1581:Bankruptcies
1544:
1520:corporations
1516:partnerships
1506:
1477:such as the
1472:
1469:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1434:
1418:
1398:South Africa
1392:
1372:
1363:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1262:
1254:
1230:
1221:
1217:examinership
1203:
1192:
1173:
1163:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1106:
1079:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1031:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
995:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
960:
956:
936:
929:
917:
915:
900:
896:
888:
869:
851:
835:
824:
822:
814:mental state
802:
787:
775:
759:
756:
751:
747:
744:
733:
700:
692:Genghis Khan
665:
649:debt slavery
642:
591:
589:
575:
573:
556:
555:
500:
425:South Africa
122:Receivership
102:Examinership
76:
32:
4830:Debt relief
4761:Odious debt
4639:Garnishment
4504:Payday loan
4440:Instruments
4290:21 February
3995:14 December
3957:(4): 1487.
3726:2007-414394
3311:15 December
3286:15 December
3256:15 December
3228:15 December
2732:December 3,
2213:Liquidation
2163:Debt relief
2094:) war with
2092:Sui dynasty
1760:341 meeting
1524:liquidation
1499:Liquidation
1409:Switzerland
1213:liquidation
1063:of Canada.
922:liquidation
858:liquidation
798:liquidation
788:Bankruptcy
752:ley concurs
672:English law
631:Failure of
605:Renaissance
600:banca rotta
565:court order
430:Switzerland
282:Misfeasance
112:Liquidation
97:Dissolution
4815:Bankruptcy
4809:Categories
4779:Insolvency
4687:Government
4619:Compliance
4609:Charge-off
4589:Collection
4539:Bankruptcy
4532:Management
4499:Loan shark
4466:Government
4188:2016-11-22
4149:19 October
4119:19 October
4090:26 October
4060:19 October
4030:19 October
3965:5 November
3907:19 October
3877:19 October
3848:2017-01-08
3766:2014-12-15
3637:19 October
3577:19 October
3547:19 October
3518:2014-03-08
3493:2014-03-08
3468:2014-03-08
3436:19 October
3406:19 October
3376:19 October
3199:2012-04-17
3174:2012-04-17
3036:2013-07-20
3011:2013-07-20
2986:2012-04-17
2961:2017-01-19
2932:2012-04-17
2907:2017-01-19
2878:2017-01-19
2849:2017-01-19
2820:2017-01-19
2791:2017-01-19
2762:2017-01-19
2727:counsel.am
2564:(1): 269.
2327:"Bankrupt"
2283:"Bankrupt"
2246:References
2203:Insolvency
2134:Law portal
1919:Chapter 13
1897:Chapter 11
1817:Chapter 15
1811:Chapter 13
1805:Chapter 12
1799:Chapter 11
1475:free zones
1437:insolvency
1425:insolvency
910:See also:
870:bankruptcy
848:By country
806:fee fixing
778:Chapter 13
684:al-Maqrizi
676:insolvency
621:See also:
592:bankruptcy
580:insolvency
576:bankruptcy
557:Bankruptcy
502:Pari passu
367:By country
153:Liquidator
77:Bankruptcy
47:Insolvency
4736:Economics
4697:Municipal
4682:Diplomacy
4677:Corporate
4634:Distraint
4471:Municipal
4461:Debenture
4456:Corporate
4178:0099-9660
3734:156274430
2391:0887-2058
2096:Pyongyang
1850:Chapter 7
1793:Chapter 9
1787:Chapter 7
906:Australia
885:Argentina
838:net value
680:East Asia
590:The word
586:Etymology
561:creditors
405:Hong Kong
380:Australia
220:Cram down
171:Claimants
130:Officials
64:Processes
33:Bankrupt!
4784:Interest
4757:Internal
4753:External
4672:Consumer
4604:Bad debt
4388:Archived
4281:Archived
4230:(2001).
4182:Archived
4143:Archived
4113:Archived
4084:archived
4054:Archived
4024:Archived
3989:Archived
3959:Archived
3932:Archived
3901:Archived
3871:Archived
3842:Archived
3820:Archived
3789:Archived
3697:Archived
3664:Archived
3631:Archived
3601:Archived
3571:Archived
3541:Archived
3512:Archived
3487:Archived
3430:Archived
3400:Archived
3370:Archived
3340:Archived
3280:Archived
3276:Lexology
3222:Archived
3148:19 April
3079:Archived
3054:Archived
3030:Archived
3005:Archived
2980:Archived
2955:Archived
2926:Archived
2901:Archived
2872:Archived
2843:Archived
2814:Archived
2785:Archived
2756:Archived
2707:Archived
2689:July 14,
2658:Archived
2633:Archived
2588:Archived
2566:Archived
2537:13 March
2531:Archived
2503:13 March
2497:Archived
2475:Archived
2446:Archived
2399:13605970
2337:22 April
2317:22 April
2311:Archived
2297:22 April
2291:Archived
2106:See also
2100:Goguryeo
2088:Chang'an
1986:May 2007
1770:Chapters
1725:statutes
1721:Congress
1672:pensions
1664:Pensions
1657:106,544
1643:106,645
1629:107,288
831:criminal
716:Portugal
633:John Law
375:Anguilla
318:Mortgage
300:Security
269:Offences
179:Creditor
143:Tribunal
4774:Default
4702:Venture
4692:Medical
4664:Markets
4596:Evasion
4558:history
2594:22 June
2424:(ed.).
2178:Default
2062:Belgian
2058:Denmark
2031:Austria
2014:Austria
1715:by the
1615:67,584
1601:46,741
1481:or the
1330:is the
1255:updated
1200:Ireland
1155:trustee
1109:trustee
941:or the
893:Armenia
875:debtors
842:perjury
810:perjury
760:Brunner
720:Prussia
611:History
596:Italian
481:Default
415:Ireland
4591:
4554:Relief
4311:
4257:
4238:
4176:
3732:
3724:
3706:14 May
3670:14 May
3607:14 May
3336:GOV.UK
2922:"AFSA"
2684:Gov UK
2664:14 May
2456:
2397:
2389:
2358:: 127.
2042:France
2018:Greece
2010:France
1654:39,116
1651:67,428
1640:42,165
1637:64,480
1626:44,332
1623:62,956
1612:20,293
1609:47,291
1598:10,752
1595:35,989
1587:Total
1514:) and
1501:, and
1431:Sweden
1419:Under
1354:Russia
1334:. The
1227:Israel
1022:Canada
998:Brazil
992:Brazil
945:for a
748:et al.
712:France
686:, the
657:Athens
569:debtor
476:Debtor
420:Russia
395:Cayman
390:Canada
4707:Buyer
4514:Usury
4481:Loans
4448:Bonds
4284:(PDF)
4273:(PDF)
3795:7 May
3760:(PDF)
3753:(PDF)
3700:(PDF)
3689:(PDF)
3462:(PDF)
3455:(PDF)
3346:7 May
3142:(PDF)
3131:(PDF)
3111:1 May
2420:. In
2395:S2CID
2038:Spain
1421:Swiss
1236:India
1183:China
792:is a
790:fraud
784:Fraud
724:Spain
688:Yassa
448:Other
410:India
400:China
4433:Debt
4309:ISBN
4292:2013
4255:ISBN
4236:ISBN
4174:ISSN
4151:2017
4121:2017
4092:2021
4062:2017
4032:2017
3997:2020
3967:2020
3955:2017
3909:2017
3879:2017
3797:2018
3730:OCLC
3722:LCCN
3708:2017
3672:2017
3639:2017
3609:2017
3579:2017
3549:2017
3438:2017
3408:2017
3378:2017
3348:2018
3313:2021
3288:2021
3258:2021
3230:2021
3150:2014
3113:2020
3087:2011
2734:2022
2691:2022
2666:2017
2596:2022
2539:2018
2505:2018
2454:ISBN
2387:ISSN
2339:2014
2319:2014
2299:2014
2225:(UK)
2090:'s (
1648:2008
1634:2007
1620:2006
1606:2005
1592:2004
1584:IVAs
1578:Year
1534:and
1526:and
1282:The
1215:and
1052:, a
860:and
666:The
313:Lien
3218:WFW
2654:GPO
2621:See
2609:See
2377:doi
2036:In
2029:In
1976:by
1762:or
996:In
924:or
690:of
643:In
635:'s
385:BVI
107:IVA
87:CVA
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