328:
1–2.5 cm (0.4–1 in) long, 0.6 cm (0.2 in) high and 0.8–2.2 cm (0.3–0.9 in) wide. They are quite flattened and lack a ridge along the valve line. When young, the follicles are greenish in colour and slightly sticky, and covered in fine white hairs, fading to tan or grey with age. They open with fire, releasing a winged wedge-shaped (cuneate) seed 2–2.5 cm (0.8–1 in) long. The mottled dark grey seed body is falcate (crescent-shaped) and measures 1.2–1.8 cm (0.5–0.7 in) long and 0.2–0.25 cm (0.1 in) wide, with a flattened dark brown wing 1.1–1.7 cm (0.4–0.5 in) wide. The woody
1148:
359:
568:
854:
31:
1292:
55:
272:
1502:
1442:, ensuring seedlings are established on clear and relatively fertile ground; however the possession of a lignotuber makes plants much less reliant on fire regime for population maintenance and regeneration, as maternal plants are not killed by bushfire, but resprout from below ground level. Lignotuberous plants generally occur among the north-eastern populations, in the vicinity of
1470:
is rarely cultivated. It is a slow-growing plant that tends to become untidy with age, and generally does not flower until four to five years after sprouting from seed. Flowers are an unusual colour, but occur within the bush where they grow within and are usually obscured by foliage. It tolerates
282:
grows as a shrub up to 1.5 m (5 ft) tall, with narrow leaves 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) long and about 0.15 cm (0.06 in) wide. New growth occurs in summer, and flowering ranges from
November to April with a peak in February, but can be irregular in timing. Flowers arise from
327:
is a stout woody "cone", with a hairy appearance caused by the persistence of old withered flower parts. These follicles are crowded around the globular spike (called an infructescence at this point) and are oval to rhomboid, although the crowding makes some irregularly shaped. They measure
343:
is hairy, as are the stems of young plants. The hairy seedling leaves are crowded and oppositely arranged. They measure 0.7–1.3 cm (0.2–0.5 in) in length and have recurved margins. Young plants often begin branching within their first year of life.
1406:, roots with dense clusters of short lateral rootlets that form a mat in the soil just below the leaf litter. These enhance solubilisation of nutrients, thus allowing their uptake in low-nutrient soils such as the
1694:
384:
1475:
not below the green foliage, except for the variant with a lignotuber, which may be pruned heavily. George recommends a sunny position in light, sandy soil. Professor
Margaret Bernard Sedgley of the
798:, which Thiele defined as containing those taxa with very long and slender styles, smoothly convex perianth limbs without a costal ridge, and thickened margins. In accordance with their
2204:
2031:
1453:
Banksia flowerheads in general play host to a variety of birds, mammals and insects. However, only wasps, ants and flies were recorded visiting flower spikes during observations for
299:
around a woody axis. Roughly spherical with a diameter of 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in), the flower spikes arise from lateral stems lie partly within the foliage. Unusually for
210:. The colour of the inflorescences, short leaves, and flattened follicles which are sticky when young, help identify this species from others in the field. It is found in low
812:(Rose-fruited Banksia). However, Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement was not accepted by George, who, questioning the emphasis on cladistics, rejected most of their changes in
307:
in colour, ranging anywhere from a dark violet-black through various combinations of violet and greenish-yellow in less pigmented blooms. Each flower consists of a tubular
824:
to his broader 1981 definition, and abandoned all of Thiele and
Ladiges' subseries. George commented that the species has no close relatives, being "loosely allied" to
2453:
1483:, as the inflorescences are too small and obscured by the foliage, although she does add that the purple colour may be a worthwhile character to select for in
398:
206:). It generally grows as a small shrub to 1.5 m (5 ft) high with fine narrow leaves, and is best known for its unusually coloured dark purple-violet
1098:. His analyses suggest a phylogeny that is very greatly different from George's arrangement, and somewhat different from Thiele and Ladiges'. With respect to
2086:
813:
2097:
431:
339:
leaves of the seedlings are oblong to linear in shape and measure 1.5 cm (0.6 in) long by 0.3 cm (0.1 in) wide. The greenish red
2558:
2401:
2563:
1111:
1779:
1665:
1575:
1450:
of these plants failed to find any vegetative, climatic or other environmental factors associated with the possession of a lignotuber.
1506:
2262:
2142:
1787:
1751:
1673:
1626:
1942:
Mast, Austin R.; Jones, Eric H.; Havery, Shawn P. (2005). "An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of
2134:
1363:
2427:
1443:
1311:
1377:
256:
319:. The styles are hooked rather than straight, and are initially trapped inside the upper perianth parts, but break free at
1331:
2164:
1819:
1692:(1927). "Contributiones florae Australiae occidentalis VI" [Contributions to the flora of western Australia 6].
1315:
219:
2326:
2101:
1725:
1655:
1535:
789:
223:
741:
1271:
was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then
720:
2492:
2458:
1870:
1689:
945:
375:
230:
174:
1254:
54:
1319:
933:
909:
488:
393:
2497:
1071:
921:
2279:
1647:
1476:
1439:
1416:
958:
896:
556:
and so it was retained. It further resolved into four subclades, so Thiele and
Ladiges split it into four
499:
450:
405:
2049:(1993). "Why are hairy root clusters so abundant in the most nutrient-impoverished soils of Australia?".
884:
872:
477:
158:
2317:
1540:. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government
2362:
971:
826:
537:
421:
239:
1915:; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography".
1000:
353:
2393:
2528:
2388:
2068:
1389:
993:
832:
506:
462:
49:
2087:"Part 2, Appendix 4: The responses of native Australian plant species to Phytophthora cinnamomi"
411:
in reference to the violet flowers. Thus the full name of the species, with author citation, is
2445:
2254:
358:
2466:
2349:
2258:
2138:
1889:
1853:
1783:
1747:
1669:
1622:
1616:
1584:
1455:
1147:
1043:
1015:
979:
842:
697:
655:
215:
2520:
2471:
2246:
2173:
2060:
1994:
1959:
1924:
1879:
1828:
1767:
1661:
1435:
1327:
1202:
1050:
1036:
808:
614:
517:
426:
416:
389:
324:
234:
1810:
1351:
853:
567:
529:
92:
30:
2484:
2191:
2479:
2380:
2051:
2017:
1611:
1484:
1359:
1323:
1219:
1058:
1029:
1008:
986:
638:
544:. They retained George's subgenera and many of his series, but discarded his sections.
511:
329:
304:
79:
1434:
and non-lignotuberous populations. In both cases, plants are adapted to release their
2552:
2440:
2247:
2158:
Lamont, Byron; Markey, Adrienne (1995). "Biogeography of fire-killed and resprouting
1716:
1526:
1403:
1300:
292:
207:
38:
2072:
1291:
2533:
2354:
2046:
1806:
1771:
1480:
1447:
1091:
525:
260:
2331:
836:(Swamp Fox Banksia). Despite this, the sequence of the series was altered so that
443:
with violet flowers. This description was an invalid publication, however, and a
2414:
2311:
2220:
1849:
1087:
445:
2302:
2094:
Management of
Phytophthora cinnamomi for Biodiversity Conservation in Australia
1501:
271:
1431:
1407:
1395:
1095:
533:
379:
244:
203:
125:
2375:
2199:
2026:
1488:
1355:
1347:
1264:
1133:
799:
557:
553:
340:
336:
211:
115:
2510:
1893:
2341:
1884:
1857:
850:, and its placement in George's arrangement may be summarised as follows:
2505:
2296:
2249:
Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology
1339:
1249:
367:
320:
308:
105:
2406:
2064:
1907:
Mast, Austin R. (1998). "Molecular systematics of subtribe
Banksiinae (
1472:
1267:. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of
864:
198:
135:
2419:
2177:
2133:. Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press (in association with the
1832:
1958:(1). CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society: 75–88.
1858:"Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in
495:
323:. The old flowers gradually fade to brown. The fruiting structure or
316:
288:
2273:
1998:
1963:
1928:
382:. The following year, he published a description of the species in
251:. Wasps, ants and flies have been recorded visiting flower spikes.
2432:
1290:
1146:
852:
566:
357:
312:
296:
270:
193:
66:
1695:
Journal and
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia
505:
because its inflorescence is roughly spherical. It was placed in
385:
Journal and
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia
243:. Although there are no recognised subspecies or varieties, both
2367:
1730:. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
1487:. Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 19 to 50 days to
1343:
1335:
295:
are made up of hundreds of pairs of flowers densely packed in a
2277:
1090:, has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of
571:
Young follicles are green, and slightly sticky at this stage.
1243:
Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of
2205:
2032:
1977:
Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of
229:
First described in 1927 by the West Australian botanist
1621:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
1310:
occurs in southern regions of Western Australia, from
2286:
2253:. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p.
1110:, placing it in a clade with these two species and
893:(9 series, 50 species, 9 subspecies, 3 varieties)
226:in the west, growing exclusively in sandy soils.
1376:is classified as Not Threatened under the 1950
1102:, Mast's results agree with its placement near
415:C.A.Gardner. The species has been considered a
2124:
2122:
1378:Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia
374:was collected by the West Australian botanist
257:Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia
2245:Sweedman, Luke; Merritt, David, eds. (2006).
2100:, Australian Government. 2006. Archived from
1801:
1799:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
8:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1866:(Proteaceae) based on their cpDNA phylogeny"
1844:
1842:
1711:
1709:
1619:(Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 8)
233:, the species was at one stage considered a
2274:
2221:"Banksia: New proteaceous cut flower crop"
2098:Department of the Environment and Heritage
1776:How to know Western Australian wildflowers
1322:. This distribution includes areas of the
432:How to know Western Australian wildflowers
425:(Fox Banksia); this view was published by
255:is classified as Not Threatened under the
29:
20:
1883:
1742:Holliday, Ivan; Watton, Geoffrey (1975).
806:first in taxonomic sequence, followed by
1334:biogeographic regions. It favours white
1299:, shown on a map of Western Australia's
1144:—that is, none form a natural grouping.
1518:
1479:suggests the species is of no value to
483:because its inflorescence is a typical
378:on 14 December 1926 in the vicinity of
930:(7 species, 2 subspecies, 4 varieties)
303:species, the inflorescences are often
2162:species in south-western Australia".
2135:Society for Growing Australian Plants
1780:University of Western Australia Press
1666:Australian Biological Resources Study
332:has the same dimensions as the seed.
247:and nonlignotuberous forms exist for
7:
1194:
1155:
713:
689:
630:
606:
599:
575:
399:Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of
1086:Since 1998, an American botanist,
14:
2131:The Banksia Book (Second Edition)
1813:(1996). "A cladistic analysis of
1263:for the taxa having spoon-shaped
259:. Regarded as of little value to
2498:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:703201-1
2203:. Western Australian Government
2030:. Western Australian Government
1746:. Adelaide: Rigby. p. 136.
1500:
53:
2559:Banksia taxa by scientific name
1410:-deficient soils of Australia.
788:This clade became the basis of
564:appeared in the last of these:
1151:Paler inflorescence and leaves
472:In George's 1981 arrangement,
1:
2564:Eudicots of Western Australia
1654:". In Wilson, Annette (ed.).
2165:Australian Journal of Botany
1987:Australian Systematic Botany
1952:Australian Systematic Botany
1917:Australian Systematic Botany
1820:Australian Systematic Botany
1446:. An investigation into the
1426:is one of a small number of
1136:, as do both definitions of
1120:(treated at species rank as
552:was found to be very nearly
1726:Australian Plant Name Index
1536:Australian Plant Name Index
802:, their arrangement placed
532:published the results of a
263:, it is rarely cultivated.
196:or tree in the plant genus
2580:
2219:Sedgley, Margaret (1998).
1871:American Journal of Botany
1387:
362:Inflorescence in early bud
351:
1744:A Field Guide to Banksias
1574:George, Alex S. (1981). "
1414:is highly susceptible to
1350:. It usually grows among
1216:
1199:
1192:
1175:
1160:
846:(Burma Road Banksia) and
739:
718:
711:
694:
687:
652:
635:
628:
611:
604:
597:
580:
461:Blackall a nomenclatural
164:
157:
50:Scientific classification
48:
37:
28:
23:
2209:Retrieved June 24, 2010.
2129:George, Alex S. (1987).
1287:Distribution and habitat
1253:into it, and publishing
2036:Retrieved June 26, 2010
1732:Retrieved June 26, 2010
1338:soils, often overlying
214:in southern regions of
1430:species that has both
1417:Phytophthora cinnamomi
1304:
1152:
1094:data for the subtribe
858:
572:
521:(Meissner's Banksia).
494:because of its hooked
363:
311:made up of four fused
276:
2228:Horticultural Reviews
1885:10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311
1728:(APNI), IBIS database
1538:(APNI), IBIS database
1294:
1150:
1124:). However, Thiele's
856:
570:
361:
275:Typical shrubby habit
274:
1985:L.f. (Proteaceae)".
1768:Blackall, William E.
1668:. pp. 175–251.
1365:Banksia sphaerocarpa
1318:and as far north as
1163:B. dolichostyla
1122:B. dolichostyla
1113:B. sphaerocarpa
972:B. sphaerocarpa
827:B. sphaerocarpa
814:his 1999 arrangement
515:(Hoary Banksia) and
455:Banksia sphaerocarpa
441:B. sphaerocarpa
422:B. sphaerocarpa
315:, and one long wiry
240:B. sphaerocarpa
188:, commonly known as
1811:Ladiges, Pauline Y.
1690:Gardner, Charles A.
1001:B. leptophylla
439:to be a variety of
354:Taxonomy of Banksia
192:, is a species of
2065:10.1007/BF00025034
1854:Givnish, Thomas J.
1657:Flora of Australia
1459:in the mid-1980s.
1390:Ecology of Banksia
1358:, associated with
1305:
1153:
994:B. telmatiaea
859:
833:B. telmatiaea
830:(Fox Banksia) and
573:
507:taxonomic sequence
388:. He placed it in
364:
277:
2544:
2543:
2467:Open Tree of Life
2280:Taxon identifiers
2178:10.1071/BT9950283
1833:10.1071/SB9960661
1660:. Vol. 17B.
1617:The Banksia Atlas
1580:L.f. (Proteaceae)
1456:The Banksia Atlas
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1044:B. pulchella
1016:B. scabrella
980:B. micrantha
843:B. scabrella
785:
784:
776:
775:
767:
766:
758:
757:
698:B. pulchella
676:
675:
667:
666:
656:B. tricuspis
435:. He considered
335:The bright green
216:Western Australia
181:
180:
2571:
2537:
2536:
2524:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2500:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2394:Banksia violacea
2384:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2318:Banksia violacea
2307:
2306:
2305:
2288:Banksia violacea
2275:
2269:
2268:
2252:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2047:Lamont, Byron B.
2043:
2037:
2035:
2020:Banksia violacea
2014:
2003:
2002:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1946:with respect to
1939:
1933:
1932:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1878:(8): 1311–1323.
1846:
1837:
1836:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1719:Banksia violacea
1713:
1704:
1703:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1662:CSIRO Publishing
1644:
1633:
1632:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1571:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1529:Banksia violacea
1523:
1507:Banksia violacea
1505:Data related to
1504:
1468:Banksia violacea
1436:aerial seed bank
1424:Banksia violacea
1412:B. violacea
1400:Banksia violacea
1394:Like most other
1374:Banksia violacea
1328:Esperance Plains
1308:B. violacea
1297:B. violacea
1295:Distribution of
1273:B. violacea
1203:B. laricina
1195:
1179:B. violacea
1156:
1104:B. laricina
1100:B. violacea
1051:B. meisneri
1037:B. laricina
1023:B. violacea
838:B. violacea
809:B. laricina
804:B. violacea
793: subseries
743:B. meisneri
722:B. meisneri
714:
690:
631:
615:B. laricina
607:
600:
584:B. violacea
576:
562:B. violacea
518:B. meisneri
487:"flower spike";
474:B. violacea
467:B. violacea
437:B. violacea
427:William Blackall
413:Banksia violacea
406:specific epithet
404:, giving it the
372:Banksia violacea
280:Banksia violacea
253:Banksia violacea
249:Banksia violacea
185:Banksia violacea
170:
168:Banksia violacea
150:B. violacea
58:
57:
43:Banksia violacea
33:
21:
16:Species of plant
2579:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2282:
2272:
2265:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2107:on 5 March 2011
2104:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2016:
2015:
2006:
1999:10.1071/SB06016
1976:
1975:
1971:
1964:10.1071/SB04015
1950:(Proteaceae)".
1941:
1940:
1936:
1929:10.1071/SB97026
1906:
1905:
1901:
1850:Mast, Austin R.
1848:
1847:
1840:
1817:(Proteaceae)".
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1648:George, Alex S.
1646:
1645:
1636:
1629:
1612:Hopper, Stephen
1609:
1608:
1597:
1573:
1572:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1497:
1477:Waite Institute
1465:
1392:
1386:
1289:
1279: subgenus
1258: subgenus
1241:
1232:
857:Older follicles
786:
777:
768:
759:
677:
668:
530:Pauline Ladiges
376:Charles Gardner
356:
350:
269:
231:Charles Gardner
222:in the east to
177:
172:
166:
153:
52:
24:Violet banksia
17:
12:
11:
5:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:wfo-0000559854
2525:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2398:
2385:
2372:
2359:
2346:
2336:
2323:
2308:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2237:
2211:
2183:
2172:(3): 283–303.
2150:
2143:
2118:
2078:
2059:(1): 269–272.
2052:Plant and Soil
2038:
2004:
1969:
1934:
1923:(4): 321–342.
1899:
1838:
1827:(5): 661–733.
1795:
1788:
1759:
1752:
1734:
1705:
1681:
1674:
1634:
1627:
1610:Taylor, Anne;
1595:
1551:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1509:at Wikispecies
1496:
1493:
1485:plant breeding
1464:
1461:
1404:proteoid roots
1385:
1382:
1362:eucalypts and
1324:Avon Wheatbelt
1288:
1285:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:B. incana
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1132:appears to be
1108:B. incana
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1059:B. nutans
1055:
1054:(2 subspecies)
1047:
1040:
1033:
1030:B. incana
1026:
1019:
1012:
1009:B. lanata
1005:
997:
990:
987:B. grossa
983:
976:
955:
943:
931:
906:
894:
848:B. incana
783:
782:
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774:
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639:B. incana
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579:
574:
540:characters of
512:B. incana
476:was placed in
349:
346:
293:inflorescences
268:
265:
208:inflorescences
190:violet banksia
179:
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2264:0-643-09298-6
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2144:0-86417-006-8
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1965:
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1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:Thiele, Kevin
1802:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:1-875560-29-7
1785:
1781:
1777:
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1769:
1763:
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1753:0-85179-864-0
1749:
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1675:0-643-06454-0
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
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1635:
1630:
1628:0-644-07124-9
1624:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:(3): 239–473.
1591:
1587:
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1579:
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1437:
1433:
1432:lignotuberous
1429:
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1397:
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1317:
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1309:
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1301:biogeographic
1298:
1293:
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1282:
1278:
1275:is placed in
1274:
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1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:(2 varieties)
1061:
1060:
1056:
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1048:
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1045:
1041:
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1034:
1032:
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1020:
1018:
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1010:
1006:
1004:(2 varieties)
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
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991:
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988:
984:
982:
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977:
975:(3 varieties)
974:
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968:
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951:Dryandroideae
948:
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840:fell between
839:
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820: series
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811:
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538:morphological
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387:
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368:type specimen
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245:lignotuberous
242:
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176:
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159:Binomial name
156:
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80:Tracheophytes
78:
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68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
40:
39:Inflorescence
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2546:
2287:
2248:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2214:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2130:
2109:. Retrieved
2102:the original
2093:
2081:
2056:
2050:
2041:
2025:
2022:C.A.Gardner"
2019:
1993:(1): 63–71.
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1778:. Nedlands:
1775:
1772:B. J. Grieve
1762:
1743:
1737:
1724:
1721:C.A.Gardner"
1718:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1656:
1651:
1615:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1542:. Retrieved
1534:
1528:
1521:
1481:floriculture
1467:
1466:
1454:
1452:
1448:biogeography
1444:Woodanilling
1438:following a
1427:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1399:
1393:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1312:Woodanilling
1307:
1306:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1218:
1217:
1201:
1200:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1162:
1161:
1141:
1137:
1134:polyphyletic
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:dolichostyla
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:DNA sequence
1085:
1076:
1075: subg.
1072:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
999:
992:
985:
978:
970:
963:
959:
957:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
913: sect.
910:
908:
901:
900: sect.
897:
889:
888: sect.
885:
877:
876: subg.
873:
871:
863:
862:
847:
841:
837:
831:
825:
821:
817:
807:
803:
794:
790:
787:
746:
742:
740:
725:
721:
719:
696:
695:
654:
653:
637:
636:
613:
612:
583:
582:
581:
561:
554:monophyletic
549:
545:
541:
536:analysis of
526:Kevin Thiele
523:
516:
510:
501:
490:
484:
479:
473:
471:
466:
458:
454:
444:
440:
436:
430:
429:in his 1954
420:
412:
408:
400:
392:
383:
371:
365:
334:
300:
284:
279:
278:
261:floriculture
252:
248:
238:
228:
197:
189:
184:
183:
182:
167:
165:
149:
148:
136:
99:
86:
73:
42:
18:
2485:kew-2669295
2415:iNaturalist
2312:Wikispecies
1544:26 November
1463:Cultivation
1281:Spathulatae
1260:Spathulatae
1247:by merging
1140: ser.
1130:Longistyles
1088:Austin Mast
1080:(3 species)
962: ser.
954:(1 species)
949: ser.
942:(1 species)
939:Tricuspidae
937: ser.
925: ser.
905:(1 species)
816:, restored
795:Longistyles
548: ser.
451:Alex George
446:nomen nudum
291:", and the
267:Description
175:C.A.Gardner
93:Angiosperms
2553:Categories
2480:Plant List
1576:The Genus
1514:References
1408:phosphorus
1396:Proteaceae
1388:See also:
1356:shrublands
1265:cotyledons
1128:subseries
1096:Banksiinae
927:Spicigerae
915:Oncostylis
491:Oncostylis
449:. In 1981
394:Oncostylis
380:Lake Grace
352:See also:
204:Proteaceae
126:Proteaceae
2446:112530573
2376:FloraBase
2200:FloraBase
2027:FloraBase
1981:R.Br. to
1650:(1999). "
1489:germinate
1420:dieback.
1348:quartzite
1316:Esperance
1142:Abietinae
1077:Isostylis
964:Abietinae
822:Abietinae
800:cladogram
747:ascendens
558:subseries
550:Abietinae
534:cladistic
524:In 1996,
502:Abietinae
478:subgenus
453:declared
341:hypocotyl
337:cotyledon
330:separator
220:Esperance
212:shrubland
144:Species:
116:Proteales
63:Kingdom:
2511:50205794
2506:Tropicos
2433:703201-1
2339:BioLib:
2303:Q4856761
2297:Wikidata
2111:22 April
2073:32550881
1979:Dryandra
1948:Dryandra
1913:Dryandra
1894:21665734
1864:Dryandra
1856:(2002).
1770:(1954).
1702:: 61–68.
1614:(1988).
1495:See also
1440:bushfire
1340:laterite
1303:regions.
1269:Dryandra
1250:Dryandra
902:Coccinea
726:meisneri
509:between
489:section
459:violacea
409:violacea
348:Taxonomy
325:follicle
321:anthesis
309:perianth
287:"flower
283:typical
224:Narrogin
202:(family
122:Family:
106:Eudicots
2521:1671832
2407:5637092
2368:5587531
2234:: 1–25.
2194:Banksia
2160:Banksia
1983:Banksia
1944:Banksia
1909:Banksia
1860:Banksia
1815:Banksia
1774:(ed.).
1652:Banksia
1585:Nuytsia
1578:Banksia
1473:pruning
1428:Banksia
1384:Ecology
1245:Banksia
890:Banksia
878:Banksia
865:Banksia
542:Banksia
500:series
485:Banksia
480:Banksia
463:synonym
417:variety
401:Banksia
390:section
301:Banksia
285:Banksia
235:variety
199:Banksia
137:Banksia
132:Genus:
112:Order:
67:Plantae
2518:uBio:
2472:213168
2459:199802
2420:525153
2342:461197
2332:109402
2261:
2141:
2071:
1892:
1786:
1750:
1672:
1625:
1471:light
1369:caesia
1360:mallee
1332:Mallee
498:; and
496:styles
313:tepals
305:violet
297:spiral
289:spikes
2389:FoAO2
2355:5WBSG
2224:(PDF)
2196:L.f."
2105:(PDF)
2090:(PDF)
2069:S2CID
1367:var.
1352:heath
1336:sandy
1320:Hyden
1115:var.
745:var.
724:var.
457:var.
317:style
218:from
194:shrub
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
2493:POWO
2454:NCBI
2441:IUCN
2428:IPNI
2402:GBIF
2381:1856
2327:APNI
2259:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2113:2009
1911:and
1890:PMID
1862:and
1784:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1546:2012
1402:has
1354:and
1344:clay
1330:and
1106:and
528:and
366:The
2529:WFO
2363:EoL
2350:CoL
2255:203
2174:doi
2137:).
2061:doi
2057:156
1995:doi
1960:doi
1925:doi
1880:doi
1829:doi
1582:".
1346:or
1314:to
465:of
419:of
397:of
370:of
237:of
41:of
2555::
2531::
2508::
2495::
2482::
2469::
2456::
2443::
2430::
2417::
2404::
2391::
2378::
2365::
2352::
2329::
2314::
2299::
2257:.
2232:22
2230:.
2226:.
2170:43
2168:.
2121:^
2096:.
2092:.
2067:.
2055:.
2024:.
2007:^
1991:20
1989:.
1956:18
1954:.
1921:11
1919:.
1888:.
1876:89
1874:.
1868:.
1852:;
1841:^
1823:.
1809:;
1798:^
1782:.
1723:.
1708:^
1700:13
1698:.
1664:/
1637:^
1598:^
1588:.
1554:^
1533:.
1491:.
1398:,
1380:.
1372:.
1342:,
1326:,
1283:.
1277:B.
1256:B.
1138:B.
1126:B.
1073:B.
960:B.
947:B.
935:B.
923:B.
911:B.
898:B.
886:B.
874:B.
818:B.
791:B.
560:.
546:B.
469:.
102::
89::
76::
2267:.
2207:.
2192:"
2180:.
2176::
2147:.
2115:.
2075:.
2063::
2034:.
2018:"
2001:.
1997::
1966:.
1962::
1931:.
1927::
1896:.
1882::
1835:.
1831::
1825:9
1792:.
1756:.
1717:"
1678:.
1631:.
1590:3
1548:.
1531:"
1527:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
